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SUMMARY
A Study on Personal Location Information Utilization to Build Data-driven Smart Cities
Kim Ick Hoi, Lee Jae-Yong, Seo Kihwan
Key words: Smart City, Big Data, Personal Information
A data-driven smart city is a city that can be expected to improve the quality of life of citizens and create innovative businesses by linking and transacting city data generated in various fields such as transportation, safety, environment.
To efficiently operate the city and provide better services to citizens, collecting and utilizing city data are important. Particularly, location data generated in the space of a smart city are directly related to the development of a new industry based on the 4th industrial revolution focusing on big data and artificial intelligence. The use of data generated by citizens in the city is closely related to the use of personal location infromation. Nevertheless, the personal location information utilization is associated with a privacy issue. Therefore, this study aims to suggest an improvement direction that can balance the protection of personal information and the activation of utilization for the creation of a data-driven smart city.
In Korea, although personal location information are closely related to personal information, it is subject separately to the 「Act on the Protection, Use,
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Etc of Location Information」, not the 「Personal Information Protection Act」.
Addresses are classified as personal information, and only locations measured by GPS and smart phones are classified as location information. Smart city services using personal location information utilize not only individual addresses but also GPS position information.
Personal location data are provided only in aggregated form, not individual location information, due to concerns about invasion of personal privacy in Korea. These aggregated data make it difficult to analyze the real life patterns of citizens. To establish urban policies to improve the quality of life of citizens, it is necessary to analyze their movement patterns. In other countries, the movement trajectory data of citizens are provided for research. In Korea, the utilization of personal location data is legally available. The absense of guidelines to share the personal location data might be the main reason to make it difficult to share the data. Guidelines for providing personal movement trajectory data are required for the development of data-driven smart cities and vitalization of the data economy. In addition, since personal location information is tied to personal information, it is necessary to secure trust in the provision of personal information, and for this, technical and institutional systems are required to protect personal information. For instancek, Europe's GDPR may seem as a regulation to protect personal information, but based on the protection of such personal information, the data dealing can be enabled and activated.
Therefore, this study proposes the following institutional improvements related to personal location information in order to create a data-driven smart city and vitalize the data economy. First, it proposes that personal location information should be subject to the framework of personal information protection rather than a separate law. To this end, personal location
SUMMARY ․ 117 information should be integrated into a personal information-related system under the 「Personal Information Protection Act」, not a separate regulation called 「Act on the Protection, Use, Etc of Location Information」. Second, despite the revision of the 「Personal Information Protection Act」, organizations providing personal location information are lukewarm in providing personal location information due to potential liability issues related to personal location information. It is necessary to provide Third, in order to revitalize the location information industry and the smart city industry, it is necessary to find a way to achieve a balance by considering the use and protection of personal location information at the same time.
