Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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(2) o M.Ñ M,Zô ÁSs «, .Gñ ACFsõ dHu\k³ ,
(3) I-GÊ §àgÆ Ú îD, ¡dõ Æ. Gk I-ÆQ« U(VI) ZôÑ Âj2 s ÊûG. ,
(4) I-K HÇ ACFs 9,
(5) Jo ÝG. y Ú , ÄUk³ I-K ACFs îD,2 Ý|(O ÄUk³ I-K ACFs îD,2 Í G. îD,2 U(VI) Zôs óGñ ÄU I- ACFs Mo I-G( :o ACFs MÑ 9Gñ U(VI) ZôÄ
(6) « Ý|. y ê , ÄUk³ I-K ACFs Mo ZôÄ
(7) « ¿j ÍGñ −0.3 V o M .Ñ I-G( :o ACFs M −0.9 VÑ G2 êõ »É. «6K ê2 ACFs ,
(8) îD, Ý Ñ K «5 óÁê(Shielding effect)Í k´Ë O 4n¶ {M. ÍÄÑ K M,«y@ Ñ OH ͳ U(VI) Zô« ÁSJk³ ,}æÉ, )é«.. U(VI). −. Abstract − The electrosorption of U(VI) from waste water was carried out by using activated carbon fiber(ACF) felt electrode in a continuous electrosorption cell. In order to enhance the electrosorption capacity at lower potential, ACF felt was chemically modified in acidic, basic and neutral solution. Pore structure and functional groups of chemically modified ACF were examined, and the effect of treatment conditions was studied for the adsorption of U(VI). Specific surface area of all ACFs decreases by this treatment. The amount of acidic functional groups decreases with basic and neutral salt treatment, while the amount increases a lot with acidic treatment. The electrosorption capacity of U(VI) decreases on using the acid treated electrode due to the shielding effect of acidic functional groups. Base treated electrode enhances the capacity due to the reduction of acidic functional groups. The electrosorption amount of U(VI) on the base treated electrode at −0.3 V corresponds to that of ACF electrode at −0.9 V. Such a good adsorption capacity was not only due to the reduction of shielding effect but also the increase of OH− in the electric double layer on ACF surface by the application of negative potential. Key words: Electrosorption, Activated Carbon Fiber, Uranium Ion(VI), Surface Modification, Electric Double Layer. 1.. C «. æÉk÷[1-3] ¬z~ «6K ÜÍ D¬Ëo U y ζ (VI). Í o Î fKê fMÄ
(9) )éÑ JÄÑ KªÍ Àk, K à !Mí0Ñ K g-, , Ãr Ú n- Ùê ço «5 s-Ñ ÁêJk³ Äî ¤ À2 Môöro ζ ê )T·D ço hò M.Í kÎ o s-2 WÁê J¯ ak³ ÝÊæÊ À[4]. MDôo «6K Ys ÝUO ¤ À2 D¬³ DÊ ôf Ñ MDJ¯ gts zÍGñ ¤}G2 D¬³ MDM . Uk³z ζ (VI) fM÷ ¡¤ örk³, Â@íÑ K hò/zM, Ê, «5Gh, lime-softening, l <PÂ÷÷ l !Ñ K ô Ùê ço K í-J, dHJ -Ê @íH J örË« Äæ´ Î¶ (VI) fMÑ WGJ àJk³ «Ä † To. whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] 60.
(10) ,
(11) I- l KÑ K U(VI) M,Zô. ôf M. ÆQÑ Gñ M ,
(12) MG f´Í ÍDGÊ M. óõ «ÄGñ ¤ÄU ÊéG2 «5, ~É Ú zKí0s ·% ôO ¤ À2 U8s (nÊ À[2]. K, ·ÉWÍ Jj Ë´ Î ¶ (VI) Ù hòM.Í o «5 fMõ .Gñ QOO K D¬«¶Ê É´,. Ö íèê l !K(activated carbon fiber, ACFs)2 MD M « ΤG ù«÷ dHu\Ñ 8_GÊ l !Ý W,
(13) J« öÙ¾ ¤ÄU 1ís ôO ¤ À2
(14) J« s O 4n¶ §àË« ,
(15) Ñ è³Gj èæ´ ôÍ }¶ MD ô Mk³ JYO ak³ ¶ê[5, 6].
(16) Ï« ACFs ,
(17) Ñ ê Qo îDD2 åD«5« ôG2) KÄG Ê[7] MDß« £MæÉs ) «5 ô site³ ÊÄO ¤ À. M, åD«5 >J ôÑ À´ ôÑ s Âj2 § Dà, ,
(18) Ú ,
(19) îDD Ùê ço ¯ÉËs ,
(20) s-õ 0Gñ f´Gs2 ñ6 Í( QÍ «P´(Ê À[8]. !K ,
(21) s- öro dHu\ s-ör[9] MDdHJ dör[10] Ù« À. á õg2 ACFs ,
(22) s dHu\k³ s-Gñ ,
(23) îDDõ zñGÊ Ý o M.Ñ U(VI) «5s ÁêJk³ MDô G2) IJ« À. , ACFsõ , D Ú y ÄUk³ ,
(24) s-G. «Rj s-ê ACFs W,
(25) Jê §àQ ç o gÆJ ¡dQ ,
(26) îDD ¡dõ ÊûGÊ «6K ¡dQ U pH Ú ÍÄM.Ñ ¶ ACFs MÑ K U(VI)«5 MD ôDÑ Âj2 s Æ G. 2.. / . 2-1. /#÷ Y×Ñ Äê Mé02 120 mm °ê 4 mm &ÿõ Í, ) jª l !K z)¯(Osaka Gas Co., FN-200PS-15)³ á Y×Ñ O ͤ³ 3ó §tGÊ 80 C³ K(ê ,àQƳ Ñ 24QÑ QÆK á )Q%«Ñ ÝîG
(27) ÄG. « as R-ACF³ G. Y×Ñ Äê ÄUo 1 M NaNO Mg 0 ÄUÑ Î¶ «5 Í 100 ppm« æ´ UO (NO ) ·6H O õ _
(28) Gñ fÆG. ÄU pH2 0.1 M NaOHQ 0.1 M HNO õ «ÄGñ ÆQG. 2-2. §|×wk£ §¿ã÷ l !Kõ MDô Mk³ ÄGD .Gñ dHu\ s -õ G. dHu\ s-2 ÄU s-Q D ÄU s- Ú y Ä U s-³ ÷´ YQG. , ÄU s-2 10 wt% H PO Ñ D ÄU s-2 10 wt% KOHÑ R-ACFõ Ê 24QÑ 8 zJQ á ͤ³ §tG
(29) ¨ís UM¾ fMGÊ 80 C ³ K(ê ,àQÆ³Ñ 24QÑ QÆK á )Q%«Ñ Ýî G
(30) ÄG. y s-2 u 1QÑ 8 1 M NaCl ÄUÑ z JQE gWG. «Rj s-ê ACFs Ms ÎÎ A-ACF, B-ACF, N-ACF³ G. 2-3. /#ð£ MDô ßj í÷õ Fig. 1Ñ QG. ÊÆM, Dg o. 3. 2. 32. 2. 3. 3. 4. o. 61. Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of continuous flow-through cell.. M Ú ¬M 3M« ßôê Ê_@ MDô ¯o MÍ ~ ýê ÄU ~ý« }¯ flow-through cell«. 2 cm¯ PTFE ò Ê_@Ñ ÊÆM¯ ) 2 cm ,
(31) s-ê ACFs z)¯Í £Mæ´ ÀÊ ñê(õ 0êK ÄU« ÊÆMs 0êG2 8 4ÖÑ .jK a« ÊÆMê MDMÍ ÁêJk³ « P´(´ 4M³ ÄæÉ. DgMo M. é « â Ê í« Ä«K Ag/AgCl(with saturated KCl) Ms ÄGÊ, ¬Mk³2 s ÄG. MÍ ào potentiostat (Radiometer, PGP201)s ÄG. 2-4. Ïh ACFs ,
(32) gÆJ U o BET W,
(33) J +_ ßj(Quantachrome, Autosorb-1 MP)s ÄGñ 77 KÑ 0 Ù5ô Ës + _Gñ ~G[11]. ÎÎ Q0 ,
(34) Ñ ê dYíÑ K ,
(35) 2 Bohem > ydr[12]k³ +_GÊ, Mg 0 ÄU U(VI) 2 UV spectrophotometer(Cecil Instruments, CE2021)õ «ÄGñ 655 nm ²ßÑ õ +_GÊ ,_ ËÑ Gñ hG. 3.. ûG Z +{. 3-1. §¿ã÷ ACFs£ ·»L, ¤L | ! ôf ôDÑ s Âj2 ®¯o ôf Dà¿ DQ W,
(36) Jê ço gÆJ U O 4n¶ ôf ,
(37) Ñ Êé G2 îDD ÜÍ Ú ¯Wê[13]. ,
(38) s-K ACFs DàgÆ ¡dõ oÝD .Gñ +_K 0 Ù5ôs Fig. 2Ñ ÷ É. s-G( :o ACFQ ,
(39) s -K ACFs 0Ù5ôËo H& o ¬FtÑ kÎ Gj 9K á, «´ ¬Fts ñ ô
(40) «
(41) « ÍG( :Ê ô Ñ Gñ Langmuir Ù5 =¯ Type Is Ý»k³[11] ,
(42) s-õ Gñ Â§à ¿D2 M ¡G( : I{s < ¤ À. 6÷ ³K ¬FtÑ 0ô
(43) o  s- ACFs Ý s-K ACFs ÎÑ ¿j ÝG2 s Ý Korean Chem. Eng. Res., Vol. 43, No. 1, February, 2005.
(44) «K-ö_ÜËöK9Îö1ò,. 62. Fig. 2. Adsorption isotherms of N2 on ACFs at 77 K.. Fig. 3. Electrosorption of U(VI) with a variation of potentials on R-ACF at pH 4.. Table 1. Structural properties of surface modified ACFs. ÊÉ ¯ Æ? á ÍÄ M.Q pH -Ê Ms ¡dQE ÁS s Æ G. Fig. 3Ñ ,
(45) s- G( :o R-ACF Ms Ä Gñ pH 4Ñ ÍÄM. ¡dÑ ñ U y U(VI) MDô êõ ÷ É. M. Y× ê³z U y U(VI) «5« M DdH ¯s 0êWk³ ÁêJk³ fMös < ¤ ÀÉ. M .õ ÍG( :o ³äô(open-circuit potential, OCP)o u 100 ~ «á ²êË« ¾ 9Gñ ³äô KªÍ À{s Ý ñcÊ À. ä
(46) Ñ { ÍÄ M.Ñ2 MDôÑ g U(VI) « ÁêJk³ fMæ ÍÄM.Í Ç¤´ fMDt« ÍWs < ¤ ÀÉ. −0.9 V o M.õ U´cÉs )2 ßQÑ õ Jk³ J_Dg(åg ö : 1 ppm «G)s OÇQÿ2 Î ¤K fMÁêõ ÷ É. «2 àÄU 100 ppm 99.7% f MÁSÑ g¢G Y×DÑ 8 «6K « ª K(æÉ. QÑÑ ¶ ô J
(47) s QK Fig. 4 ê³z MDô à_ y®K ¡¤¯ ÍÄM. ¿DÍ U(VI) ôõ Æ QK2 Ys < ¤ À. , M.Í ÍO¤´ ôÍ Jk³ ÍG2 s Ý« −0.9 VÑ ô2 −0.1 V Ñ Wg u 15% ÍWs < ¤ ÀÉÊ ÂÍÄ M. OCP Î 2QÑ «áz2 ô« «P´(( :{s < ¤ À. −0.3 V. ACF Structural property Specific surface area (m2/g) Total pore volume (cc/g) Micropore volume (cc/g). R-ACF A-ACF B-ACF N-ACF 1733 0.83 0.59. 482 0.23 0.14. 1234 0.59 0.40. 1617 0.77 0.53. . Table 1o 0Ù5ôk³z BETRs «ÄGñ W,
(48) J, §Dàz) Ú M Dàz) Ùs _-K ak³ ,
(49) sõ |s Î ,
(50) J« ¿j ÝG2 s e¯O ¤ ÀÉ. -Ê M DàÑ ¬K § Dà WS uÑ ÝG2 s Ý. «2 Shim Ù[14]« ÝÊK asF ÄU s- Î 2 *³ ê îDDÍ Â§à ½gõ L{k³ @H ê¶ ¶ê. D ÄU s- ACFs Î2 îDDÍ ÝGñ îDDÑ K 0ô µf2 kÉ(O Pittman Ù [15]« ÝÊK àQ ç« o D ÄUÑ K ßQÑ l d2 ACFs ,
(51) s
(52) Ï è³K Ñw( =³ OËÊ DÊ Dà« zRæ´ §àz)Í ÝK ak³ @Îê. ³äJk³ ACFs ,
(53) Ñ ÊéG2 îDD³2 carboxyl, lactone -Ê phenolD Ù«. Table 22 ,
(54) s- á ACFs ,
(55) îDDË ¡dõ ÷ a«. ,
(56) s-Ñ ñ A-ACF Í2 dHJ ,
(57) s-³ ÄUÑ @ æ2 è@D Q ACFs ,
(58) !Í äGñ ê *³Ò îDD, U¾ carboxylD Í )é«. ä
(59) Ñ, B-ACFQ N-ACF ,
(60) 2 ¢
(61) ÝG2), «2 ÊÄDQ Yæ´À ,
(62) ! ò ÉÍ ÊÄD³z %-æÉD )é«[16]. êJk³, ·D s-Í ,
(63) dHJ 0s ¡dQs < ¤ ÀÉ. 3-2. U(VI)£ O{ ¬t M¬ U(VI) fM ÁSê M MD W
(64) k³ Q)Ês ÒMG Table 2. Surface acidities of modified ACFs ACF R-ACF A-ACF B-ACF N-ACF Acidity Funtional group (meq/g) Carboxyl 0.12 3.68 0.01 0.13 Lactone 1.30 1.67 0.13 0.12 Phenol 1.04 1.77 0.69 1.09 Total acidity (meq/g) 2.46 7.12 0.83 1.34. ¤@¤ C43× C1 2005 2 . Fig. 4. Cumulative electrosorption of U(VI) with a variation of potentials on R-ACF at pH 4..
(65) ,
(66) I- l KÑ K U(VI) M,Zô. 63. Table 3. Electrosorption capacity (mg/g) of U(VI) by surface modified ACFs ACF Potential OCP −0.1 V −0.2 V −0.3 V. R-ACF. A-ACF. B-ACF. N-ACF. 21 180 193 223. 20 152 181 189. 46 207 212 239. 31 205 210 236. o ÄUk³ ,
(67) s-K A-ACF M.Ñ ñ ô U s ÷ a«. ACFsõ s- |s ) ACFs ,
(68) Ñ îD DÍ ÍG îDDÍ ô site³ ÊÄGñ «5Gh = ô« ³´÷ ô
(69) « ÍK2 ÝÊÍ À[18]. 6÷ OÑ K àQ ç« s-Q ,
(70) îDDÍ ¿j Í|{Ñ g GÊ U(VI) «5 ô
(71) o OCP O 4n¶ M.õ ÍÄ|s ) Ñ R-ACFÑ Wg ÝK as å ¤ À. «2 M ,
(72) î DDÍ ó@(shieling layer)k³ ÊÄGñ[19] U(VI) ôs ö gG2 ak³ ¶ê. −0.3 VÑ A-ACF2 R-ACFÑ Wg ô
(73) « 16.6% ÝGÊ Y× M gÑÑ U° −0.3 VÑ 1 ppm «G K õ »( \|s O 4n¶ WGJ ðD ªz ²êÍ QÊæÉk M.Í s¤´ ²êQÑ«
(74) }¶2s î ûO ¤ ÀÉ. «2 U(VI) ôÄ
(75) (Table 3) ¡dQ ,
(76) (Table 1)Q îªÑ å ¤ À׫ Ds-Q ôÄ
(77) « ÍG2 s ÝÊ ä¬³ s-QÑ2 ôÄ
(78) « Ý|k ,
(79) Í ÍWÑ ¶ ôÄ
(80) o ÝG. Fig. 7o D ÄU(B-ACF)Ú y (N-ACF)k³ ,
(81) s-K ACFs M. ¡dÑ ñ ôDs ÷ a«. s-ê ACFs Ms ÄK U(VI) «5 ôD s-G( :o Ms ÄO )Q K÷Í(³ o M. Ê s Ý. OCP³) B-ACF2 2 QÑ «á Gj Í ÍG
(82) ²êÍ ³´
(83) Ê N-ACF ÎÑ 1.5QÑ «á ²êÍ QÊæÉ. 6÷ «ao R-ACF ²êYÝ
(84) .1 ak³ ³ä ôÑ ¬g ACFs ,
(85) s-Í uÑ
(86) ÁSJ«¶2 Ys < ¤ ÀÉ. «Rj ,
(87) s -K ACFs MÑ −0.3 V M.õ ÍÄ|s ) 30~ «Ñ M ô Ñ GÊ K Í 1 ppm«G³ 20QÑb( K(æ
(88) 99%« fM ÁSs ÷ É. «2 R-ACF −0.9 V Ñ G2 ê³ á õg IJê ³jG2 ê«. Ê OCPQ WGGñ B-ACF Î 5.2 , N-ACF 7.6 « f MÁSs ÷ É. K, R-ACFÍ −0.3 V «GÑ 20QÑ 8 1 ppm «G K õ »( \G(O B-ACF Ú N-ACF2 −0.2 VÑ ÎÎ 14, 10QÑb(, −0.1 VÑ 10, 8QÑb( 1 ppm «G K õ »s ¤ ÀÉ. ôÄ
(89) K R-ACFÑ Wg −0.2 VÑ 9.8%, 8.8% ÍGÊ, −0.1 VÑ 15%, 13.8% ÍG. «sF D Eo y s- ACFs MÑ K U(VI)«5 MDô fM ÁS« o ao ACFs ,
(90) Ñ M.Í ÍÄ î ) D ÄU«÷ y k³ s-K ô M« M ,
(91) MD «y @ Ñ OH ͳ U(VI) ô« ÁSJk ³ ,}æ U¾ y s-Q s-ê M« NaNO ((Mg 0 hòs µfGD )é«. K, s-K ACFs W,
(92) Jê §àz)Í Âs- ACFsÝ ¿j Ý|{Ñ gGÊ U(VI) ô
(93) « Qo Y³z ACFs M ,
(94) Í gÆJ U Ñ Wg ( J»s < ¤ À. Fig. 6. Fig. 5. Electrosorption of U(VI) with a variation of pH on R-ACF at −0.3 V.. «G o M.Ñ2 M gÑÑ U° õJk³ òG2 U(VI) KU (U<1 ppm)õ OÇG( \G. êJk³, R-ACF õ ÄK MDôà_Ñ −0.9 V « o M.ÑO 1 ppm «G K õ K(O ¤ À2 Ys < ¤ ÀÉ. ¤ÄU y åD«5 ôÑ À´ c® f´ ¡¤ G÷2 pH«. 6³ U(VI)«5 MDôs .K MJ pH ÆQ Æ. õ .g pH ¡dÑ ñ ôMs Æ O 1®Í À. Fig. 5 Ñ −0.3 V M.Ñ R-ACFõ ÄGñ U pH ¡dÑ ñ U(VI) ôMs ÷ É. ê pH 3Ñ2 2QÑ á ² êË« ¾ 9G. «6K ê2 ACFs f M.Í pH 3 «GÑ2 às Í «5s K2 Jung[17] êQ ³jG. pH 4Q 5Ñ2 20QÑ 8 WGJ âo ô Dts ÝñcÉ. pH 5 « Ñ2 âo ô Dts Ýñc (O pH ÆQs .g ¬
(95) Us s-gt G2 Y« À. 6³ U(VI)«5 MDôà_Ñ JYK U pH2 4Í Á êJ³ a«¶Ê ¶G. MD W
(96) s MdGÊ Yf à_ JÄs .g «5ãõ K(GÊ ô ÁS Íõ .g (( Mg0 hòs µfO ¤ À2 ÆQk³ M ,
(97) s s-Gñ U(VI) MD ôMs Æ O 1®Í À.. −. 3. Fig. 6. Electrosorption of U(VI) with a variation of potential on A-ACF at pH 4.. Korean Chem. Eng. Res., Vol. 43, No. 1, February, 2005.
(98) «K-ö_ÜËöK9Îö1ò,. 64. QÑz 20QÑb( u 1.5 ppm K õ ÷ ,. 6 ÷ R-ACFQ A-ACF2 2QÑ «á ¾ K Í ÍG2 s Ýk R-ACF2 6.5QÑ á 1.4 ppm, A-ACF2 3QÑ á Ñ 1.6 ppmk³ ²êÍ ,}æÉ. 20QÑb( ôÁSo B-AC>>N-ACF>R-ACF>A-ACF> ¨k³ ÝG2 s Ý . 16. 4.. û «. õJ MDô ¯Ñ Ý o ÍÄM. ÆQÑ U(VI) M Dô ÁSs «ÊÉ dHJ örk³ l !K z)¯õ ,
(99) s-Gñ U(VI) MDô à_ Mk³ ÄG. s-ê ACFs ,
(100) gÆ Ú îDD ¡dõ Æ GÊ, ,
(101) s-Ñ ñ U(VI) ôÑ Âj2 Ñ ¬Gñ Æ K ê {ê ço ·s »É. U(VI) «5 100 ppm« WKê NaNO Mg0 Ñ ACFs M s «ÄGñ ¤}K Ê_@ MDô ¯Ñ U(VI) «5 fM 2 s-G( :o ACFsõ Mk³ ÄK ôÑ Wg ÁêJk ³ fMæÉ. ôÁSs «D .K örk³ ACFsõ dHu \k³ ,
(102) s-K ê, s-ê ACFs2 H& W,
(103) J« Ý| k, s-Q ,
(104) Í ÍGÊ y ê Ds-QÑ2 Ý G2 s Ý. R-ACFõ y 2 D ÄUk³ s -Wk³ ô Ú ôÄ
(105) « ÍG. , ACFs Ms ,
(106) s-Wk³ −0.3 V M.Ñ −0.9 V « o M. Ñ »´, MDô ÁS(fMS 99.5% « , KU 1 ppm « G)s »s ¤ À{s e¯G. 䬳 s-QÑ2 ôÁS« ÝG. D Eo y s- ACFs M U(VI) ôÁ S« o ao ACFs ,
(107) îDD ÝÑ K óÁê (shielding effect)Í k´Ë O 4n¶ M. ÍÄÑ K MD « y @ Ñ OH ͳ U(VI) ô« ÁSJk³ ,}æD )é«. 3. Fig. 7. Electrosorption of U(VI) with a variation of potential on B-ACF, N-ACF at pH 4; (a) B-ACF and (b) N-ACF.. −. [ ÷ á õg2 êHD¬z Ú KhêHD¬D¢ Íò (òs ç4 òÉtõgíè Æs 0g ¤}æÉ5n.. +S. Fig. 8. Electrosorption of U(VI) on various ACFs at −0.3 V.. o −0.3 VÑ s-K ACFsÑ ¬K U(VI) ôs ÜYK a«. u 2QÑb(2 HÇ ACFsÑ ¬g M W7K Ms ÷ ,(O 2QÑ «áz K ó«õ Ý«D QÊ|. B-ACF 2 Y× ÆQÑ M ³_K ¤g õ K(GÊ á Y× Ñ »ÊÉ G2 åg ö¤g 1 ppm «Gõ OÇQ ¤ À É. N-ACF K WGJ 1 ppm «G K õ K(|k÷ Fig. 8. ¤@¤ C43× C1 2005 2 . 1. Carley-Macauy, K. W. and Gutman, R. G., Radioactive Waste: Advanced management methods for Medium Active Liquid Waste, Harwood Academic Pub(1981). 2. Woodard, F. E., McMackins, D. E. and Jansson, R. E. W., “Electrosorption of Organic on Three Dimensional Carbon Fiber Electrode,” J. Electroanal. Chem., 214, 303-330(1986). 3. Oren, Y. and Soffer, A., “Water Desalting by Means Of Electrochemical Parametric Pumping,” J. Applied Electrochemistry, 13, 473-484(1983). 4. Jayson, G. G., Sangster, J. A., Thompson, G. and Wilkinson, M. C., “Adsorption an Electrosorption of Mercury(II) Acetate onto Activated Charcoal Cloth from Aqueous Solution,” Carbon, 25, 523-531(1987). 5. Oren, Y. and Soffer, A., “Graphite Felts as an Efficient Porous.
(108) ,
(109) I- l KÑ K U(VI) M,Zô Electrode for Impurity Removal and Recovery of Metals,” Electrochemica Acta., 28, 1649-1654(1983). 6. Ryu, S. K., “Porosity of Activated Carbon Fiber,” High Temperature-High Presure, 22, 345-354(1990). 7. Marsh, H., Heintz, E. A. and Rodríguez-Reinoso, F., “Introduction to Carbon Technologies,” University of Alicante, 42-45(1997). 8. Park, S. J., Park, B. J. and Ryu, S. K., “Electrochemical Treatment on Activated Carbon Fibers for Increasing the Amount and Rate of Cr(VI) Adsorption,” Carbon, 37, 1223-1226(1999). 9. Hong, L. I., Moshonov, A. and Muzzy, J. D., “Electrochemical Polymerization of Xylene Derivatives on Carbon Fiber,” Polym. Compos., 12, 191-201(1991). 10. Drzal, L. T. and Madhukar, M., “Fibre-Matrix Adhesion and its Relationship to Composite Mechanical Properties,” J. Mater. Sci., 28, 569(1993). 11. Brunauer, S., Emmett, P. H. and Tellet, E., “Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 60, 309(1938). 12. Boehm, H. P., “Chemisty of Heteroatoms on the Surface of Carbon(Plenary Lecure),” Carbon, 7, 715(1969). 13. Park, S. J., Interfacial forces and field: theory and application, 1st ed, J. P. Hsu, Marcel Dekker, New York(1999). 14. Shim, J. W., Park, S. J. and Ryu, S. K., “Effect of Modification. 65. with HNO3 and NaOH on Metal Adsorption by Pitch-Based Activated Carbon Fibers,” Carbon, 39, 1635-1642(2001). 15. Jr. Pittman, C. U., He, G. R., Wu, B. and Garner, S. D., “Chemical Modification of Carbon Fiber Surfaces by Nitric Acid Oxidation Followed by Reaction with Tetraethylenepentamine,” Carbon, 35, 317-331(1997). 16. Kim, H. S., Ryu, S. K., Jung, C. H. and Park, K. K., “Electrosorption of Cobalts Ions by Chemically Treated ACF Discs,” HWAHAK KONGHAK, 41(6), 744-748(2003). 17. Jung, C. H., “A Study on the Preparation of Activated Carbon Fibers and Their Radioactive Co(II) Adsorption Characteristics,” Ph.D. Dissertation, ChungnamNational Univ., Deajeon, Korea (1994). 18. Park, S. J., Kim, Y. M. and Shin, J. S., “Studies on Anodic Oxidation Treatment of Surface and Heavy Metal Adsorption Properties of Activated Carbon Fibers,” J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., 14, 41-47(2003). 19. Takamura, T., Awano, H., Ura, T. and Ikezawa, Y., “Effective Surface Treatment to Improve the Li Doping and Undoping Characteristics of Carbon Fiber as a Li Secondary Battery Anode,” 36th Battery Symposium, Japan, 92-92(1995).. Korean Chem. Eng. Res., Vol. 43, No. 1, February, 2005.
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H., “Enhancement of Extraction Efficiency of Paclitaxel From Biomass Using Ionic Liquid-methanol co-sol- vents Under Acidic Conditions,” Process Biochem., 50, 989-996
또한, 모든 미세조류 종에서 stearic acid 의 함량이 제일 높은 것을 알 수 있었고, 포화 지방산 (palmitic acid & stearic acid) 의 생산량이 불포화
The impurity removal efficiency was similar for both oxalic acid and citric acid, but citric acid did not make organic acid salt with indium.. On the other hand, the
The electrochemical performances of hybrid capacitor were investigated using LiMn 2 O 4 , LiCoO 2 as the positive electrode and prepared active carbon as the negative electrode..
and Zhang, X., “Enhanced Electrochem- ical Stability and Charge Storage of MnO 2 /Carbon Nanotubes Composite Modified by Polyaniline Coating Layer in Acidic
지방산에는 Myristic acid, Palmitic acid, Palitoleic acid, Stearic acid, Oleic acid, Vaccenic acid, Gondoic acid, Erucic acid, Nervonic acid 등이 있으 며 불검화물의
Key words: Organic Acid, Acetic Acid, Lactic Acid, Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis (EDBM), Modeling..
building block 화합물 중 3-hydroxypropionic acid, di-acid, itaconic acid 의 생물공학적 생산과 이들의 유도체 , 시장 가능성 등을 살펴보 고자
