- 1 -Unit 19Unit 19Unit 19R1.1 R1.1 R1.1

Unit 19 Unit 19 Unit 19

R1.1 R1.1

R1.1

(A), (B), (C)

의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은

?¹⁾

Leadership communication isn't a linear process, but a cyclic flow of message and feedback. The sender sends the message through a channel to the receiver, who receives it and (A) [sends / sending] feedback to the sender. And the cycle continues as long as the process lasts. Leaders still in love with an inflexible top-down command-and-control leadership style miss this point and its advantage. They issue instructions and orders, but seldom pause to find out (B) [if / that] they are heard.

They hardly wait for feedback, stopping the communication before it runs its full cycle. Later, they wonder why "Smith and John never do exactly what I say." Leadership communication is an exchange. The sender and the receiver switch encoding and decoding roles; and feedback travels in (C) [both / either] directions.

(A) (B) (C)

① sending … that … either

② sending … if … both

③ sends … if … either

④ sends … if … both

⑤ sends … that … either

R1.2 R1.2

R1.2 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.²⁾ Leadership communication isn't a linear process, but a cyclic flow of message and feedback.

(A) Leaders still in love with an inflexible top-down command-and-control leadership style miss this point and its advantage. They issue instructions and orders, but seldom pause to find out if they are heard. They hardly wait for feedback, stopping the communication before it runs its full cycle.

(B) The sender sends the message through a channel to the receiver, who receives it and sends feedback to the sender. And the cycle continues as long as the process lasts.

(C) Later, they wonder why "Smith and John never do exactly what I say." Leadership communication is an exchange. The sender and the receiver switch encoding and decoding roles; and feedback travels in both directions.

① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)

R1.3 R1.3

R1.3 ^{글의 흐름상}

,

주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오

.³⁾ Later, they wonder why "Smith and John never do exactly what I say."

Leadership communication isn't a linear process, but a cyclic flow of message and feedback. () The sender sends the message through a channel to the receiver, who receives it and sends feedback to the sender. And the cycle continues as long as the process lasts. (‚) Leaders still in love with an inflexible top-down command-and-control leadership style miss this point and its advantage. (ƒ) They issue instructions and orders, but seldom pause to find out if they are heard. They hardly wait for feedback, stopping the communication before it runs its full cycle. („) Leadership communication is an exchange. (…) The sender and the receiver switch encoding and decoding roles; and feedback travels in both directions.

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

R1.4 R1.4

R1.4 ^{밑줄 친}

ⓐ~ⓔ

중

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?⁴⁾

Leadership communication isn't a linear process, but a ⓐ cyclic flow of message and feedback. The sender sends the message through a channel to the receiver, who receives it and sends feedback to the sender. And the cycle continues ⓑ as long as the process lasts. Leaders still in love with an inflexible top-down command-and- control leadership style ⓒ misses this point and its advantage. They issue instructions and orders, but seldom pause to find out if they are heard. They hardly wait for feedback, ⓓ stopping the communication before it runs its full cycle. Later, they wonder why "Smith and John never do exactly what I say." Leadership communication is ⓔ an exchange. The sender and the receiver switch encoding and decoding roles; and feedback travels in both directions.

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

R2.1 R2.1

R2.1 ^{밑줄 친}

ⓐ~ⓔ

중

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?⁵⁾

Do you dream in order to sleep or do you sleep in order to dream? ⓐ Although that question remains debatable, researchers agree that there is a purpose and importance to dreaming. In one dream study, volunteers are woken up right before they ⓑ enter into the dream state. Then they are allowed to fall back to sleep. This continues on through the night. The volunteers sleep the same amount of time as they normally ⓒ do. The next day, these volunteers go about their day and are observed to be depressed and quick-tempered. As this study continues on through several nights, subjects become more and more ⓓ agitating. It is found that deprivation of the dream phase of sleep causes many problems ⓔ connected with emotions.

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

R2.2 R2.2

R2.2 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.⁶⁾ Do you dream in order to sleep or do you sleep in order to dream?

(A) As this study continues on through several nights, subjects become more and more agitated. It is found that deprivation of the dream phase of sleep causes many problems connected with emotions.

(B) Although that question remains debatable, researchers agree that there is a purpose and importance to dreaming. In one dream study, volunteers are woken up right before they enter into the dream state.

(C) Then they are allowed to fall back to sleep. This continues on through the night. The volunteers sleep the same amount of time as they normally do. The next day, these volunteers go about their day and are observed to be depressed and quick-tempered.

① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)

R2.3 R2.3

R2.3

(A), (B), (C)

의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은

?⁷⁾

Do you dream in order to sleep or do you sleep in order to dream? Although that question (A) [remains / is remained] debatable, researchers agree that there is a purpose and importance to dreaming. In one dream study, volunteers are woken up right before they enter into the dream state. Then they are allowed (B) [to fall / falling]

back to sleep. This continues on through the night. The volunteers sleep the same amount of time as they normally do. The next day, these volunteers go about their day and are (C) [observed / observing] to be depressed and quick-tempered. As this study continues on through several nights, subjects become more and more agitated. It is found that deprivation of the dream phase of sleep causes many problems connected with emotions.

(A) (B) (C)

① remains … falling … observing

② remains … to fall … observed

③ remains … to fall … observing

④ is remained … to fall … observed

⑤ is remained … falling … observing

R2.4 R2.4

R2.4 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 아래 박스에서 고르시오

.⁸⁾

Do you dream in order to sleep or do you sleep in order to dream? Although that question remains Ⓐ _________, researchers agree that there is a purpose and importance to dreaming. In one dream study, volunteers are woken up right before they enter into the dream state. Then they are allowed to fall back to sleep. This continues on through the night. The volunteers sleep the same amount of time as they normally do. The next day, these volunteers go about their day and are observed to be Ⓑ __________ and quick-tempered. As this study continues on through several nights, subjects become more and more agitated. It is found that Ⓒ __________ of the dream phase of sleep causes many problems connected with emotions.

① deprivation ② debatable ③ depressed

1.1 1.1

1.1 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.⁹⁾ Today in Europe old shoes are tied to newlyweds' cars and no one asks why. Why old shoes? Originally, shoes were only one of many objects tossed at a bride to wish her a present of children.

(A) In several cultures, particularly among the Eskimos, a woman experiencing difficulty in conceiving was instructed to carry a piece of an old shoe with her at all times.

(B) In fact, shoes were preferred over the equally traditional wheat and rice because from ancient times the foot was a symbol of being pregnant.

(C) The preferred shoes for throwing at a bride — and later for tying to the newlyweds' car — were old ones strictly for economic reasons. Shoes have never been inexpensive.

① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)

1.2 1.2

1.2

(A), (B), (C)

의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은

?¹⁰⁾

Today in Europe old shoes are tied to newlyweds' cars and no one asks why. Why old shoes? Originally, shoes were only one of many objects (A) [tossed / tossing] at a bride to wish her a present of children. In fact, shoes were preferred over the equally traditional wheat and rice because from ancient times the foot was a symbol of being (B) [pregnant / pregnance]. In several cultures, particularly among the Eskimos, a woman experiencing difficulty in conceiving was instructed to carry a piece of an old shoe with her at all times. The preferred shoes for throwing at a bride — and later for tying to the newlyweds' car — (C) [were / was] old ones strictly for economic reasons. Shoes have never been inexpensive.

(A) (B) (C)

① tossed … pregnant … were

② tossed … pregnant … was

③ tossed … pregnance … were

④ tossing … pregnance … was

⑤ tossing … pregnance … were

❖

다음 글을 읽고

,

^{물음에 답하시오}

.

Today in Europe old shoes are tied to newlyweds' cars and no one is asked why. Why old shoes? Originally, shoes were only one of many objects tossed at a bride to wish her a present of children. __________, shoes were preferred over the equally traditional wheat and rice because from ancient times the foot was a symbol of being pregnant. In several cultures, particularly among the Eskimos, a woman experiencing difficulty in conceiving was instructed to carry a piece of an old shoe with her at all times. The preferred shoes for throwing at a bride — and later for tying to the newlyweds' car — were old ones strictly for economic reasons. Shoes have never been inexpensive.

1.3 1.3

1.3 ^{밑줄 친}

ⓐ~ⓔ

중

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?¹¹⁾

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

1.4 1.4

1.4 윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.¹²⁾

① Therefore ② For example ③ However

④ Besides ⑤ In fact

2.1 2.1

2.1

(A), (B), (C)

의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은

?¹³⁾

Tipping is common in the service and hospitality industry in America. Restaurant menus (A) [indicate / is indicated]

prices without sales taxes and tips. The sales tax will always be included on the 'check.' Since sales tax is often around 9%, an easy way to calculate a tip is to look for the sales tax amount on the check and (B) [double / doubling] it. You can provide the tip to the server in one of two ways. If you're paying the check with cash, you can pay for the meal, wait for any change that is due to you and then leave the tip you want 'on the table' before you leave. If you're paying with a credit card, you will be (C) [asked / asking] to 'write in' the tip amount on the credit card slip and then calculate the total including the tip.

(A) (B) (C)

① is indicated … doubling … asking

② is indicated … double … asked

③ indicate … double … asking

④ indicate … double … asked

⑤ indicate … doubling … asking

2.2 2.2

2.2 ^{글의 흐름상}

,

주어진 문장이 들어가기에 적절한 곳을 고르시오

.¹⁴⁾ You can provide the tip to the server in one of two ways.

Tipping is common in the service and hospitality industry in America. () Restaurant menus indicate prices without sales taxes and tips. (‚) The sales tax will always be included on the 'check.' (ƒ) Since sales tax is often around 9%, an easy way to calculate a tip is to look for the sales tax amount on the check and double it. („) If you're paying the check with cash, you can pay for the meal, wait for any change that is due to you and then leave the tip you want 'on the table' before you leave. (…) If you're paying with a credit card, you will be asked to 'write in' the tip amount on the credit card slip and then calculate the total including the tip.

① () ② (‚) ③ (ƒ) ④ („) ⑤ (…)

2.3 2.3

2.3 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.¹⁵⁾ Tipping is common in the service and hospitality industry in America. Restaurant menus indicate prices without sales taxes and tips.

(A) The sales tax will always be included on the 'check.' Since sales tax is often around 9%, an easy way to calculate a tip is to look for the sales tax amount on the check and double it.

(B) If you're paying with a credit card, you will be asked to 'write in' the tip amount on the credit card slip and then calculate the total including the tip.

(C) You can provide the tip to the server in one of two ways. If you're paying the check with cash, you can pay for the meal, wait for any change that is due to you and then leave the tip you want 'on the table' before you leave.

① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)

2.4 2.4

2.4 ^{밑줄 친}

ⓐ~ⓔ

중

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?¹⁶⁾

Tipping is common in the service and hospitality industry in America. Restaurant menus indicate prices ⓐ without sales taxes and tips. The sales tax will always be included on the 'check.' Since sales tax is often around 9%, an easy way to calculate a tip is ⓑ to look for the sales tax amount on the check and double it. You can provide the tip to the server in one of two ways. If you're

ⓒ paid the check with cash, you can pay for the meal, wait for any change that ⓓ is due to you and then leave the tip you want 'on the table' before you leave. If you're paying with a credit card, you will be asked to 'write in' the tip amount on the credit card slip and then ⓔ calculate the total including the tip.

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

3.1 3.1

3.1

(A), (B), (C)

의 각 괄호 안에 알맞은 표현으로 적절한 것은

?¹⁷⁾

How did a pig come to symbolize the act of saving money? The answer is: by coincidence. During the Middle Ages, (A) [mined / mining] metal was scarce, expensive, and thus rarely used in the manufacture of household utensils. More abundant and economical throughout Western Europe was a type of dense, orange clay known as pygg. It was used in making dishes, cups, pots, and jars, and the earthenware items were (B) [referred / referring] to as pygg. Frugal people then, as now, saved cash in kitchen pots and jars. A "pygg jar" was not yet shaped like a pig. But the name persisted as the clay was forgotten. By the eighteenth century in England, pygg jars had become pig jars, or pig bank. Potters simply cast the bank in the shape of (C) [its / their] common, everyday name.

(A) (B) (C)

① mining … referring … their

② mining … referred … its

③ mined … referred … their

④ mined … referred … its

⑤ mined … referring … their

3.2 3.2

3.2 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

.¹⁸⁾ How did a pig come to symbolize the act of saving money? The answer is: by coincidence.

(A) But the name persisted as the clay was forgotten. By the eighteenth century in England, pygg jars had become pig jars, or pig bank. Potters simply cast the bank in the shape of its common, everyday name.

(B) During the Middle Ages, mined metal was scarce, expensive, and thus rarely used in the manufacture of household utensils. More abundant and economical throughout Western Europe was a type of dense, orange clay known as pygg.

(C) It was used in making dishes, cups, pots, and jars, and the earthenware items were referred to as pygg.

Frugal people then, as now, saved cash in kitchen pots and jars. A "pygg jar" was not yet shaped like a pig.

① (A)－(C)－(B) ② (B)－(A)－(C) ③ (B)－(C)－(A)

④ (C)－(A)－(B) ⑤ (C)－(B)－(A)

3.3 3.3

3.3 ^{밑줄 친}

ⓐ~ⓔ

중

,

문맥 또는 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은

?¹⁹⁾

How did a pig ⓐ come to symbolize the act of saving money? The answer is: by coincidence. During the Middle Ages, mined metal was ⓑ scare, expensive, and thus rarely used in the manufacture of household utensils.

More abundant and ⓒ economical throughout Western Europe was a type of dense, orange clay known as pygg.

It was used in making dishes, cups, pots, and jars, and the earthenware items were referred to as pygg. ⓓ Frugal people then, as now, saved cash in kitchen pots and jars.

A "pygg jar" was not yet shaped like a pig. But the name persisted as the clay was forgotten. By the eighteenth century in England, pygg jars ⓔ had become pig jars, or pig bank. Potters simply cast the bank in the shape of its common, everyday name.

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

3.4 3.4

3.4 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오

.²⁰⁾

How did a pig come to symbolize the act of saving money? The answer is: by coincidence. During the Middle Ages, mined metal was scarce, expensive, and thus rarely used in the manufacture of household utensils.

More abundant and economical throughout Western Europe was a type of dense, orange clay known as pygg.

It was used in making dishes, cups, pots, and jars, and the earthenware items were referred to as pygg. Frugal people then, as now, saved cash in kitchen pots and jars.

A "pygg jar" was not yet shaped like a pig. But the name persisted as the clay was forgotten. By the eighteenth century in England, pygg jars had become pig jars, or pig bank. Potters simply cast the bank in the shape of its common, everyday name.

①

중세 시대에 채굴된 금속은 가재도구의 제작에는 좀처럼 사용 되지 않았다

.

②

가재도구의 제작에 경제적인 것은

pygg

라고 알려진 오렌지색 진흙이었다

.

③

접시

,

컵

,

항아리

,

그리고 단지를 만들 때 사용된 것은 진흙이었다

.

④

절약하는 사람들은 부엌의 항아리와 단지에 현금을 저축했다

.

⑤ ‘pygg

항아리

’

는 이미 돼지처럼 생긴 지 오래되었다

.



정 답

œ

1) ④ 2) ② 3) ④ 4) ③ 5) ④ 6) ③ 7) ②

8) Ⓐ-② Ⓑ-③ Ⓒ-① 9) ②

10) ① 11) ② 12) ⑤ 13) ④ 14) ⑤ 15) ① 16) ③ 17) ④ 18) ③ 19) ② 20) ⑤