A Study of the Combination Method for Earthwork Equipments Using the Environmental Loads and Costs

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* ݡฝᔑᨦ(ᵝ) ([email protected])

Received March 25 2013, Revised March 29 2013, Accepted April 2 2013

Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹ͸ͷʹȀǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵Ǥ͵Ǥͳʹͳͷ ǤǤǤ

㝞ኳ♪#㰖ቻ⯢⮺⃺⾆#⌾㬖ᶇ#⇍#ኳ♪␂Ἲ#ⴲⱧ㬚#ⵣ␂⸮㬧⇧≓#⮮ጪ

Գࢢ෹ȵࢮ෴ֽ

Kang, Min-Ho*, Park, Hyung-Keun**

A Study of the Combination Method for Earthwork Equipments Using the Environmental Loads and Costs

ABSTRACT

Great efforts have been made worldwide to reduce the Green House Gas (GHG) emission following the “Kyoto Protocol” declared during the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1997. Many industries have restructured to meet the standard set by the Protocol. However, no clear guidance has been established for the purpose of reducing the GHG emission in construction industry. In addition, no significant effort has been made to conserve the energy during construction activities. For more effective energy saving in construction industry, it is essential to collect data about energy consumption, quantity of environmental emissions and costs. However, most studies on sustainable construction have been concentrated on the use of equipment, maintenance and repair works during construction due to the difficulties of collecting such data. This study suggests a method to select the most environmentally friendly equipment combination for earthwork with comparing environmental loads and costs using the database of Life Cycle Inventory in the Ministry of Knowledge Economy and Ministry of Environment of Korea.

Key words : LCA, Earthwork, Environmental Load, Green House Gas

Ⅹಾ

1997֥“ʑ⬥ᄡ⪵ᨱš⦽ǎᱽᩑ⧊Ƚ᧞᮹Ʊ☁᮹ᱶᕽ”a₥┾ࡽᯕ⬥ᬑญӹ௝ෝእ೐⦽ᖙĥ᮹ᩍ్ӹ௝ᨱᕽᯕᔑ⪵┥ᗭෝ⡍⧉⦽᪉ᝅa ᜅ႑⇽ᮥᵥᯕʑ᭥⦽יಆᮥḥ⧪⧕᪵݅. bᔑᨦᄥಽ᪉ᝅaᜅ႑⇽ᮥᱡq᜽┅۵ᔑᨦǍ᳑ಽ}⠙ၰךᔪʑᨦᮝಽℕḩ}ᖁᨱ⯹ᥑŁᯩ

ᮝӹ┡ᔑᨦᨱእ⦹ᩍÕᖅᔑᨦᮡ᪉ᝅaᜅ႑⇽᮹⬉ᮉᱢᯙšญෝ᭥⦽ᱶ⪶⦽႑⇽పᱡqᮥ᭥⦽ם᮹aၙ⯂⦽ᔢ⫊ᯕ໑᪅⯩ಅ⪹Ğᮥ

❭ƕ᜽┅۵ᔑᨦᯕ௝۵᪅໦ᮥaḡŁᯩ۵ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ᬑญӹ௝۵ĞᱽȽ༉ᨱእ⧕⪹Ğ᪅ᩝྜྷḩ႑⇽పᯕฯᮝ໑ᯕ۵ᨱթḡ݅ᗭእᨦ᳦᮹

እᵲ᷾aᨱ঑ෙäᯕ݅. ᯕᨱ঑௝ᨱթḡ݅ᗭእᨦ᳦ᵲ⦹ӹᯙÕᖅšಉŖᔍᨱݡ⦽⬉ᮉᱢᯙᨱթḡᱩ᧞ᯕᯕ൉ᨕḡḡᦫᮡྙᱽᱱᯕݡ ࢱࡹŁᯩ݅. ᐱอᦥܩ௝ɝ௹ᨱ۵ݡȽ༉Õᖅᯕฯᮝအಽᨱթḡᱩq⬉ŝෝwʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ÕᖅŖᔍ᮹ᱥŝᱶ(Life Cycle) ᵲ᜽Ŗ݉ĥᨱᕽ

ၽᔾ⦹۵ᨱթḡᗭእప, ⪹Ğ᪅ᩝྜྷḩ႑⇽ప, ⪹Ğእᬊ॒ʑᅙᱢᯙߑᯕ░ᄁᯕᜅၰ⪽ᬊႊᦩ}ၽᯕ⦥᫵⦹݅. ə్ӹÕᖅ⩥ᰆ✚ᖒᔢᱶప

⪵aᨕಖ݅۵ᯕᮁ॒ᮝಽ⊽⪹ĞÕᖅᨱš⦽ᩑǍ۵ݡᇡᇥǍ᳑ྜྷᔍᬊၰᮁḡ읆ᅕᙹ݉ĥᨱḲᵲࡹᨕᯩ݅. ᯕᨱᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ḡ᜾Ğᱽᇡ

᪡⪹Ğᇡᨱᕽᱽ᜽⦹۵LCI DBෝ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍǕ₊᯲ᨦ᜽ၽᔾ⦹۵⪹Ğ᪅ᩝྜྷḩ႑⇽పᮥᔑ⇽⦹Ł⪹Ğ᪅ᩝྜྷḩᄥ⪹Ğእᬊᮥ⪹ᔑ⦹ᩍ☁

Ŗᔍᨱݡ⦽⪹ĞĞᱽᖒᮥ⠪a⦹Łᯱ⦽݅.

áᔪᨕ ⪹Ğᇡ⦹ప, LCA, ☁Ŗᔍ, Ǖ₊᯲ᨦ

֨ėěν

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1. ᕽು

1.1 ઴֜ଭࢼլࢫࡧୡ

ᬑญӹ௝۵ĞᱽȽ༉ᨱእ⦹ᩍ⪹Ğ᪅ᩝྜྷḩ႑⇽పᯕฯᮝ໑

ᯕ۵ᨱթḡ݅ᗭእᨦ᳦᮹እᵲ᷾aᨱ঑ෙäᯕ݅. əᵲÕᖅᨦᮡ

݅ᗭእᨦ᳦᮹⦽ᇥ᧝ᯕ໑ÕᖅŖᔍᨱݡ⦽⬉ᮉᱢᯙᨱթḡᱩ᧞

ᯕᯕ൉ᨕḡḡᦫ۵݅۵ྙᱽᱱᯕݡࢱࡹŁᯩ݅. ✚⯩᜽Ŗ݉ĥ۵

☁༊Ŗᔍaݡ⩶⪵ࡹ໕ᕽʑĥ⪵᜽Ŗᮝಽᯕ൉ᨕḡ۵ᇡᇥᯕฯᦥ

ᨱթḡᗭእపၰ⪹Ğ᪅ᩝྜྷḩ႑⇽పᯕᱥℕŖᱶᵲⓑᇡᇥᮥ

₉ḡ⦽݅. ੱ⦽᜽Ŗ݉ĥᨱᕽLCA(Life Cycle Assessment)ෝ

ᔑᱶ⧁Ğᬑ⦽aḡᰆእಽ☖ᯝ⦹ᩍᔑᱶ⦹Łᯩ݅. ə్ӹᝅᱽಽ

ฯᮡ ᰆእ᪡Õᖅʑĥ Ⓧʑ ၰ⩥ᰆᩍÕᨱ ঑௝ ݅᧲⦽ᰆእa

⚍᯦ࡹအಽᯕᨱݡ⦽Łಅa⦥᫵⦹݅. ঑௝ᕽÕᖅᇥ᧝ᨱթḡ

ᱩ᧞⬉ŝෝwʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ᱥŝᱶ(Life Cycle) ᵲ᜽Ŗ݉ĥᨱᕽ

ၽᔾ⦹۵ᨱթḡᗭእప, ⪹Ğ᪅ᩝྜྷḩ႑⇽ప, ⪹Ğእᬊ॒ᨱš⦽

ʑᅙᱢᯙDBǍ⇶ၰ⪽ᬊႊᦩ}ၽᯕ⦥᫵⦹݅. ੱ⦽ᯝᅙ⢽ᵡᅕ Ź᮹ Ğᬑᰆእ ᄥ ݡʑ᪅ᩝྜྷḩʑᵡᯕ ᱽ᜽ࡹᨕ ᯩḡอǎԕ

⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ə౨ḡ༜⦽ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ⨆⬥ᨱ۵⪹Ğ᮹ᩢ⨆

ᯕ⍅ḡအಽ⢽ᵡᅕŹӹ⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩᨱᕽ۵ݡʑ᪅ᩝྜྷḩʑᵡᯕᦥ ܭ ⪹Ğᇡ⦹ప ʑᵡᯕ ᱽ᜽ࡹᨕ᧝ ⧁ äᯕ݅.

⩥ᰍḡĞᇡ, ⪹Ğᇡᨱ᮹⦹ᩍᨱթḡᗭእᨱݡ⦽ᱥŝᱶ༊ಾ

ᇥᕾ(Life Cycle Inventory, LCI) DB ᯲ᨦᯕฯᯕḥ⧪ࡹᨩḡอ, ᯕෝ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍ⪹Ğᖒᮥ⠪a⦹۵ᩑǍ۵ၙእ⦽ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ঑௝ᕽ

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵LCI DBෝ⪽ᬊ⦽☁Ŗᔍ᮹⪹Ğᖒ⠪a᪡⪹Ğ᪅ᩝ

ᨱ᮹⦽Ğᱽᱢᗱᝅᮥᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰍÕᖅⅩʑ݉ĥᯙʑ⫮݉ĥᨱ ᕽ⪹Ğᖒᇥᕾᮥ☖⦽ᰆእ᳑⧊᮹~šᱢᯙ᮹ᔍđᱶʑⅩᯱഭಽ

⪽ᬊ⦹۵ߑ ᩑǍ༊ᱢᯕ ᯩ݅.

1.2 ઴֜ଭ࣐଍ࢫࢺ࣑

ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ༉ु☁༊Ŗᔍ᮹ʑⅩ۵☁Ŗᔍᯕ໑ⅾŖᔍእ᮹

25~50%ෝ₉ḡ⦹۵ߑᯕ۵ݡᇡᇥʑĥ⪵᜽Ŗᮝಽᯕ൉ᨕᲙ⪹Ğ ᇡ⦹పᯕฯᮥäᮝಽᩩᔢࡽ݅. ḡɩʭḡ᮹ÕᖅŖᔍᨱᕽ᮹LCA ᔑᱶᩑǍ۵ᯱᰍ᮹⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᔑ⇽ႊჶᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍaݡᇡᇥ

ᙹ⧪ࡹᨩ݅. əญŁᯝᇡᩑǍᨱᕽ۵᜽Ŗ݉ĥᨱᕽ᮹⪹Ğᇡ⦹ప ᯕᔑᱶࡽᯱഭaᯩ݅. ə్ӹᔑᱶႊჶᯕᯕၙ᜽Ŗࡽᯱഭ᮹

Ğᮁᔍᬊపᯕӹݡ⦽Õᖅḥ⯆⫭᮹Õᖅᰆእ᯲ᨦపߑᯕ┡ಽᯝť ᱢᮝಽ⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᮥᔑᱶ⦹ᩡŁ☁Ŗᔍᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ۵ᯕ൉ᨕḡ ḡᦫᦹ݅. ঑௝ᕽᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᩑǍჵ᭥ෝ⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩᮥၵ┶ᮝಽ

☁Ŗᔍ᮹ᇩࠥᱡ᪡Ǖᔎʑ᮹⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᔑᱶᮥᩑǍჵ᭥ಽᱽ⦽

⦹ᩡ݅. əญŁᖅĥ☁Ŗప4,000^ZG᯲ᨦ᜽⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᮥᔑᱶ⦹

ᩍ↽ᱢ᮹ᰆእ᳑⧊ᮥᱽ᜽⦹Łᯱ⦽݅. ᩑǍႊჶᮡǕᔎ᯲ᨦ᜽

ᔍᬊࡹ۵Ğᮁᨱݡ⦽⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᮥᔑ⇽⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍLCAʑჶᮥ

⪽ᬊ⦹ᩡ݅. ঑௝ᕽᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵☁Ŗᔍ⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᔑᱶႊჶᮥ

ᱽ᜽⦹Ł☁Ŗᔍᨱᕽ᮹⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᮥʑ᳕᮹ᩑǍᅕ݅ᱶ⪶⯩ᔑ ᱶ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ႊᦩᮥ ษಉ⦹Łᯱ ⦽݅.

1.3 ઴֜ܛේ

ǎԕ᫙ᨱᕽ۵ Õᖅᇥ᧝ LCAšಉ⦹ᩍ ฯᮡ ᩑǍ۵ ḥ⧪ࡹ

ḡᦫ۵ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ᯝᇡ⧕ℕၰ⠱ʑ݉ĥᨱᕽ᮹⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᔑᱶ

ᩑǍੱ۵ᯱᰍᨱݡ⦽⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᔑᱶᩑǍaᙹ⧪ࡹᨕᲙ᪵ḡ อᦥḢÕᖅšಉLCAᇥᕾᯕⅩʑ݉ĥᨱນྜྷ్ᯩᨕ޵ᬒฯᮡ

ᩑǍa⦥᫵⦽ᝅᱶᯕ݅. ၶŲ⪙(2000)۵Łᗮࠥಽ᜽Ŗ݉ĥᨱᕽ

⚍᯦ࡹ۵Õᖅᯱᰍ᮹ᔾᔑ݉ĥ, ᜽Ŗ݉ĥ, ᮁḡᅕᙹ݉ĥ, ⧕ℕၰ ᰍ⪽ᬊ݉ĥᨱᕽ ၽᔾࡹ۵ ⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᮥ ⠪a⦹ᩡ݅. b ݉ĥᨱ ᕽ᮹⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᮡ݉ĥᄥᨱթḡᗭእపᨱᨱթḡᬱᄥ⪹Ğ᪅ᩝ

ྜྷḩ ႑⇽ĥᙹෝ ᱢᬊ⦹ᩍ ᔑᱶ⦹ᩡ݅.

2. ᯕುᱢ႑Ğ

2.1 LCAଭԹڄ

LCA௡ᨕਅᱽ⣩, Ŗᱶ, ⪽࠺ŝšಉࡽ⪹Ğᱢᇡݕᮥᔍᬊࡽ

ྜྷḩ, ᨱթḡəญŁ⪹Ğᨱ႑⇽ࡽ⠱ʑྜྷᮥȽ໦⦹ᩍᱶప⪵⦹Ł

ᯕ్⦽ᨱթḡ᮹ᔍᬊŝ⪹Ğ႑⇽᮹ᩢ⨆ᮥ⠪a⦹ᩍ⪹Ğ}ᖁᮥ

᭥⦽ ʑ⫭ෝ ₟ᦥ ⠪a⦹۵ ᯝಉ᮹ ŝᱶᮥ ᮹ၙ⦽݅.

ÕᖅᇡྙLCA۵Õᖅᔍᨦᨱ᫵Ǎࡹ۵ᯱᰍॅ᮹ᱽ᳑Ŗᱶŝ

ᯕॅᮥ᳑⧊⦹ᩍŖŖ᜽ᖅྜྷ᮹ᱥŝᱶ࠺ᦩ ၽᔾࡹ۵⪹Ğᇡ⦹

ᷪ, ᪅ᩝ, ⠱ᙹ, እᔑຝḡ॒ᮥᱶప⪵⦹ᩍ⪹Ğᖒ܆ᮥ⠪a⦹Ł

}ᖁႊᦩᮥ༉ᔪ⦹۵᮹ᔍđᱶࠥǍಽᕽÕᖅ⪹Ğᨱݡ⦽ᔍ⬥⃹ญ

}ֱᯕ ᦥܭ ᔍᱥᩩႊᮥ ☖⦹ᩍ ᪅ᩝၽᔾᮥ ᱡq᜽┍ ᙹ ᯩ۵

ᱢɚᱢᯕŁℕĥᱢᯙ⠪aႊჶᯕ໑, ᦿᮝಽ‘⪹Ğŝ᳑⪵ಽᬕḡᗮ

a܆⦽}ၽ’᮹ᯕֱᮥᝅ⩥᜽┍ᙹᯩ۵⪹Ğᖒ⠪aࠥǍᯕ݅.

2.2 LCA ࢺ࣑ߨ

LCA۵ISO 14001᮹⪹Ğšญ᜽ᜅ▽ᮥǍ⩥⦹ʑ᭥⦽⦹ӹ᮹

ࠥǍಽᕽᔍᬊࢁᙹᯩᮝ໑, LCA᮹ᙽᕽ۵༊ᱢၰჵ᭥ᖅᱶ(Goal and Scope Definition), ༊ಾᇥᕾ(Inventory Analysis), ᩢ⨆⠪a (Impact Assessment), đŝ⧕ᕾ(Interpretation) ॒4݉ĥಽǍᖒ

ࡽ݅.

2.2.1 ࡧୡࢫ࣐଍ড୨

༊ᱢၰჵ᭥ᖅᱶᮡLCA᮹ℌჩṙ݉ĥಽᩑǍ༊ᱢᯕྕᨨ ᯕ໑đŝෝᨕॵᨱᱢᬊ⧁äᯙaෝᖅᱶ⦹۵ŝᱶᯕ݅. LCA ۵ᔍᬊ༊ᱢᨱ঑௝ᙹḲ⦹۵ᯱഭ᮹ᇥᕾႊჶ, đŝ॒ᯕݍ௝

ḡʑভྙᨱຝᱡLCAෝᨕਅ༊ᱢᮝಽᔍᬊ⧁äᯙḡෝ໦⪶⯩

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Table 1.Ə^× of Different Bulldozer Standard (Standard Estimate, 2009)

Ton

Type 4 7 10 12 13 19 32

Crawler

Bulldozer 0.5 1.1 1.5 2.0 1.5 3.2 5.5

Table 2. E Value of Different Transportation Distance (Standard Estimate, 2009)

Distance (m) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

E Value 1.00 0.96 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.72

Table 3. E Value of Different State of Soil (Standard Estimate, 2009) Field

Condition Soil Name

Natural State Disheveled State Good Normal Bad Good Normal Bad SandSandy Soil 0.80 0.65 0.50 0.85 0.70 0.55 Soil with Gravel

Cohesive Soil 0.70 0.55 0.40 0.75 0.60 0.45

Cataclastic Rock 0.35 0.25

⧕᧝ ⦽݅.

ᩑǍ᮹ჵ᭥ᨱ۵᜽ᜅ▽Ğĥ, ʑ܆݉᭥, ᩢ⨆⠪aႊჶ, ߑᯕ

░᮹᫵Ǎ᳑Õ, ᩑǍ᮹aᱶၰᱽ⦽᫵ᯙ॒ᯕ⡍⧉ࡽ݅. ᩍʑᕽ, ʑ܆݉᭥௡ᱽ⣩᜽ᜅ▽ᨱ᮹⧕ၽᔾࡹ۵ᵲ᫵⦽ʑ܆ᮥӹ┡ԕ۵

݉᭥ෝั⦹໑, ᯕʑ܆݉᭥۵༊ಾᇥᕾᮥᙹ⧪⧁ভʑᵡᯕࡽ݅.

2.2.2 ࡧߧंজ

༊ಾᇥᕾᮡᩑǍჵ᭥ᨱᕽᖅᱶ⦽᜽ᜅ▽ᮥݡᔢᮝಽ, ᜽ᜅ▽ᮝ ಽॅᨕ᪅Łӹa۵༉ुᨱթḡ, ᬱഭ, ᱽ⣩, ᇡᔑྜྷၰ⪹Ğ᪅ᩝྜྷ

॒᮹ ᳦ඹ᪡ ᧲ᮥ ʑಾ⦹ᩍ ༊ಾ⪵ ⦹۵ ŝᱶᮝಽ ⪹Ğᇡ⦹ෝ

ĥᔑ⦹۵ŝᱶᯕ݅. ᷪ, ᱥŝᱶ༊ಾᇥᕾᮡ᜽ᜅ▽ᮝಽ⚍᯦ࡹ۵

᯦ಆ⧎༊ŝ ႑⇽ࡹ۵ ⇽ಆ⧎༊ᮥ ᱶప⪵⦹۵ ŝᱶᯕ݅.

༊ಾᇥᕾŝᱶᮡၹᅖᱢᯕ௝۵ᗮᖒᮥḡܩŁᯩ݅. ᷪ, ༊⢽

ၰჵ᭥ᱶ᮹ᨱȽᱶࡽᩑǍ༊ᱢ, ᜽ᜅ▽Ğĥ, ߑᯕ░ḩšಉ

ᱽၹ᫵Õ॒ᮥᩝࢱᨱࢱŁ༊ಾᇥᕾᯕᯕॅȽᱶᔍ⧎ŝᯝ⊹⦹۵ ḡ᮹ᩍᇡෝḡᗮᱢᮝಽá☁⦹ᩍ᧝⦽݅. ༊ಾᇥᕾ݉ĥ۵ᯝၹᱢ ᮝಽŖᱶ᯲ࠥᖒ, ߑᯕ░ᙹḲ, bŖᱶᄥ⪹Ğᇡ⦹ĥᔑၰ⧊ᔑŝ ᱶᮝಽ ᯕ൉ᨕḥ݅.

2.2.3 ઽේඌԧ

ᩢ⨆⠪a۵༊ಾᇥᕾ݉ĥᨱᕽ᨜ᨕḥߑᯕ░ෝɝÑಽb⪹

Ğᇡ⦹⧎༊ᨱݡ⦽đŝෝb⪹Ğᩢ⨆ჵᵝಽᇥඹ⦹ᩍbŖᱶ ᄥ, ⋕▭Łญᄥ ᨱթḡ ၰ ᯱᬱᗭእప əญŁ ⪹Ğ᪅ᩝ ᇡ⦹ప

॒ᮥ⠪a⦹۵ʑᚁᱢ, ᱶపᱢ, ᱶᖒᱢŝᱶᯕ݅. ᯕ్⦽ᩢ⨆⠪a ۵ ᇥඹ⪵, ✚ᖒ⪵ ၰ aᵲ⪵᮹ 3݉ĥಽ Ǎᖒࡽ݅.

2.2.4 էրැজ

đŝ⧕ᕾᮡᱥŝᱶ⠪aෝ☖⧕ࠥ⇽ࡽ༊ಾᇥᕾŝᩢ⨆⠪a᮹

đŝෝ ݉ࠦ, ᳦⧊⦹ᩍ ⠪a, ⧕ᕾ⦹۵ ݉ĥᯕ݅.

3. Ǖ₊᯲ᨦ⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᔑ⇽

3.1 ֠చୁડഠվ߆ࢫ઩٪஺ীण߆ॺౢ

☁Ŗᔍ۵Ƚ༉᮹ݡ⩶⪵ಽݡ⩶ʑĥ᜾ᰆእa⚍᯦ࡹŁᯩᮝ ໑ᯕಽᯙ⧕Ḣᱲᱢᯙᨱթḡᗭእaၽᔾࡹᨕḥ݅. ᰆእᔍᬊᮝಽ

ᯙ⦽ ᨱթḡ ᗭእ۵ ᰆእ᮹ ᩑഭᗭእᨱ ᮹⦽ äᮝಽ ⦽ᱶ⦹໑

☁Ŗᔍ᜽ᯕᬊࡹ۵ᰆእ᮹ᨱթḡᗭእపᮡb⩥ᰆษ݅ᯕᬊࡹ۵

ᰆእ᮹ י⬥ᱶࠥ, ᬕᱥᯱ᮹ ᙺಉࠥ ॒ᨱ ঑௝ ᔢᯕ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.

݅ᮭᮡ ⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩᮥ ၵ┶ᮝಽ ᄡᙹ sᮥ ᱽ᜽⦹ᩡ݅. bb᮹

ᄡᙹᨱݡ⧕༉ࢱŁಅ⦹ʑ۵ᇩa܆⦹အಽaᰆᯝၹᱢᯙsᮥ

ᱢᬊ⦹ᩡ݅.

3.1.1 ऄܑୠ࣡৤

ᇩࠥᱡᄡᙹ۵ᰆእ᮹ⓍʑᄥಽQsᯕݍ௝ḡအಽbᰆእᨱݡ

⦽Qsᮥᔑᱶ⦹ʑ᭥⧕⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩᮥၵ┶ᮝಽᄡᙹෝᱽ᜽⦹ᩡ݅.

ᔑ⇽᜾ : _{ª á ć}^Ó×_Ə_Ƅ__Ƌ Ə á Ə^×Zƃ

ª : 1᜽eݚ ᯲ᨦ ప(m³/h) Ə : 1⫭Ǖ₊ᦶ☁ప(m³)

Ƅ : ☁ప⪹ᔑĥᙹ : ᯲ᨦ⬉ᮉ

_Ƌ: ᔍᯕⓕ┡ᯥ(min) Ə^×: ႑☁❱᮹ ᬊప(m³)

ƃ : Ǎ႑ĥᙹ

3.1.2 ऄܑୠ઩٪஺ীण߆

LCA ᙹ⧪ᮥ᭥⦹ᩍᇩࠥᱡ᮹᯲ᨦపᨱݡ⦽ᨱթḡᗭእపᮥ

ᔑ⇽⦹ᩍ᧝ ⦹໑ ݅ᮭ ᜾ᨱ ᮹⦹ᩍ ĥᔑࡽ݅.

ᔑ⇽᜾ :ⷚª_Ɖá ć_Ɖ

_Ɖ

ᩍʑᕽ, _Ɖ : ᰆእᄥ ᯲ᨦప ݚ ᨱթḡ ᗭእప

_Ɖ : k ᰆእ᮹ ᩑഭᗭእప

ª_Ɖ : k ᰆእ᮹ ᯲ᨦప

(4)

Table 4. ¯_Î,_¯_Ï Value of Caterpillar Type (Standard Estimate, 2009)

Division Standard (ton)

Advance Speed (m/min) Reverse Speed (m/min) 1^st

shift 2^nd shift

3^rd shift

4^th shift

1^st shift

2^nd shift

3^rd shift 4 (Ultra Wetlands)

7 10 12

40 43 42 40

57 67 64 55

100 92 88 75

- 116 116 107

63 53 50 48

85 78 75 70

- 107 105 100 13 (Wetlands)

19 32

40 40 40

55 55 52

75 75 70

- 103

91 48 46 43

70 70 58

- 98 79

Table 5. Main Fuel Mileage of Different Bulldozer Standard (Standard Estimate, 2009)

Division

Name Standard (ton) Main Fuel (L/hr)

Crawler Bulldozer

7 10 12 19 32

9.0 12.5 14.6 25 41.6 Wetland Bulldozer 4

13

5.4 14.6

Table 6. Energy Consumption of Bulldozer Division

Variable

Amount of Earthwork Design : 4,000m³(Assumption) 3

ton 7 ton

10 ton

12 ton

13 ton

19 ton

33 ton Ə_× 0.5 1.1 1.5 2.0 1.5 3.2 5.7 e 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 E 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65

V1 40 43 42 40 40 40 92

V2 63 53 50 48 48 46 110

Earth Volume

(m³/day) 112.24 241.27 319.15 410.77 308.08 647.18 2103.81 Number of

Bulldozer 36 17 13 10 13 7 2

Energy Consumption

(ton/day)

43.20 72 100. 116.8 116.8 200 339.2

Table 7. Bucket Coefficient (Standard Estimate, 2009)

Field Condition K

Easy to excavate soft soil,

The sand frequently full in the bucket, Normal soil 1.10

Table 8. E value of Different State of Soil (Standard Estimate, 2009)

Field Condition Soil Name

Natural State Disheveled State Good Normal Bad Good Normal Bad Sandy Soil 0.85 0.70 0.55 0.90 0.75 0.60 Soil with Gravel

Cohesive Soil 0.75 0.60 0.45 0.80 0.65 0.50

Cataclastic Rock 0.45 0.35

Table 9. 1 Cycle Time of Different Standard (Standard Estimate, 2009)

Angle of Traverse Standard (m³)

Cycle Time(sec)

45° 90° 135° 180°

0.12 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.0 2.0

13 13 13 16 17 22

15 15 15 18 19 25

18 18 18 20 21 27

20 20 20 22 23 30

3.1.3 ֠ॸ׆࣡৤

Ǖᔎʑᄡᙹ۵ᰆእ᮹ⓍʑᄥಽQsᯕݍ௝ḡအಽbᰆእᨱ

ݡ⦽Qsᮥᔑᱶ⦹ʑ᭥⧕⢽ᵡ⣩ᖩᮥၵ┶ᮝಽᄡᙹෝᱽ᜽⦹

ᩡ݅.

ᔑ⇽᜾ : _{ª á ć}ÐÓ××_Ə_Ɖ_Ƅ__Ƌ

ª : 1᜽eݚ ᯲ᨦ ప(m³/h) Ə : ქ┘᮹ ᔑᱢᬊᱢ(m³)

Ɖ : ქ┘ĥᙹ Ƅ : ☁ప⪹ᔑĥᙹ

: ᯲ᨦ⬉ᮉ _Ƌ: ᔍᯕⓕ┡ᯥ(sec)

3.1.4 ֠ॸ׆઩٪஺ীण߆

LCA ᙹ⧪ᮥ᭥⦹ᩍǕᔎʑ᮹᯲ᨦపᨱݡ⦽ᨱթḡᗭእపᮥ

ᔑ⇽⦹ᩍ᧝ ⦹໑ ݅ᮭ ᜾ᨱ ᮹⦹ᩍ ĥᔑࡽ݅.

ᔑ⇽᜾ :ⷚª_Ɖá ć_Ɖ

_Ɖ

ᩍʑᕽ, Ɖ: ᰆእᄥ ᯲ᨦప ݚ ᨱթḡ ᗭእప

_Ɖ : k ᰆእ᮹ ᩑഭᗭእప

ª_Ɖ : k ᰆእ᮹ ᯲ᨦప

3.2 ഠվୁડਏী૬ܣۀլକ઩۩෉ୢր୨ࡧߧंজ እᱱᯕ᧞200~370 ჵ᭥ᨱᗮ⦹۵ᖁၶ, ʑš₉, ᯱ࠺₉॒᮹

b᳦ʑĥၰॵᲅᨵḥᨱᯕᬊࡹ۵ᩑഭᮁੱ۵ʑ┡aŖᮁᬱഭ

ෝĞᮁ௝Łᱶ᮹⦹ŁᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵Ğᮁᔾᔑᨱݡ⦽⢽ᵡᱥŝᱶ

(5)

Table 10. Main Fuel Mileage of Different Shovel Standard (Standard Estimate, 2009)

Standard (m³) Main Fuel (L/hr) 0.12

0.2 0.4 0.7 1.0 2.0

3.2 5.0 9.9 11.6 19.5 32.8

Table 11. Energy Consumption of Shovel Division

Variable

Amount of Earthwork Design : 4,000m³(Assumption) Standard

0.12 (m³)

0.20 (m³)

0.40 (m³)

0.70 (m³)

1.00 (m³)

2.00 (m³)

q 0.12 0.20 0.40 0.70 1.00 2.00

K 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10

f 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80

E 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70

Cm 15. 15 15 18 19 25

Earth Volume

(m³/day) 141.93 236.54 473.09 689.92 933.73 1419.26 Number of

Bulldozer 29 17 9 6 5 3

Energy Consumption

(ton/day)

25.6 40 79.2 92.8 156 262.4

Table 12. Environmental Impact of Diesel

Division Unit Characterization

Environmental Impact Environmental Cost (won)

Resource Depletion kg Sb-eq/kg 2.80E+01 5,140

Global Warming kg CO2-eq/kg 3.83E+02 15.13

Ozone Destruction kg CFC11-eq/kg 1.28E-03 85,025

Oxide Generation Photochemical kg Ethene-eq/kg 1.90E-04 7,449

Acidification kg SO2-eq/kg 2.96E+00 11,571

Eutrophication kg PO43-eq/kg 1.27E-02 35,599

Table 13. Result of Normalization and Weighting of Diesel (unit:kg-eq/kg) Division Characterization Result Normalization Factor Normalization Result Weighting Factor Weighting Result

Resource Depletion 2.80E+01 2.49E+01 1.12E+00 0.250 2.81E-01

Global Warming 3.83E+02 5.12E+03 7.48E-02 0.248 1.86E-02

Ozone Destruction 1.28E-03 4.07E+01 3.14E-05 0.161 5.06E-06

Oxide Generation Photochemical 1.90E-04 1.03E+01 1.84E-05 0.024 4.43E-07

Acidification 2.96E+00 3.98E+01 7.44E-02 0.058 4.31E-03

༊ಾᇥᕾ ߑᯕ░ෝ ⪽ᬊ⦹Łᯱ ⦽݅.

Crude Oil, Naphtha, NaOH, Hydrogenᮥᬱഭಽ⦹۵Ğᮁ

۵, ᬱᮁෝᱶᱽ⦹ᩍӹ᪉ྜྷḩॅᮥᬱ⦹۵⣩ḩᮥaḡ۵እᮉಽ

ᕿᨕᕽᱽ⣩ᮥᔾᔑ⦹໑bŖᱶᨱᕽၽᔾ⦹۵⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᮡྙ

⨭ᯱഭෝ☁ݡಽĥᔑ⦹ᩡᮝ໑əߑᯕ░۵ḡ᜾Ğᱽᇡၰ⪹Ğᇡ ᨱᕽ ʑ Ǎ⇶ࡽ LCI DBෝ ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍ ᅙ ᩑǍᨱ ᱢᬊ⦽݅.

3.2.1 լକଭ൉নฃฅլઽේंজ

Ğᮁᨱݡ⦽ᱥŝᱶ༊ಾᇥᕾđŝෝ☁ݡಽ✚ᖒ⪵ࡽ⪹Ğᩢ

⨆ᮥᇥᕾ⦽݅. ✚ᖒ⪵⪹Ğᩢ⨆ᮥࠥ⇽⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᔍᬊࡽ⪹Ğᩢ

⨆ჵᵝ۵ᯱᬱŁi, ḡǍ᪉ӽ⪵, ᪅᳕⊖❭ƕ, Ų⪵⦺ᔑ⪵ྜྷᔾᖒ, ᔑᖒ⪵, ᇡᩢ᧲⪵॒ᯕ໑2009֥ᱡ┥ᗭךᔪᖒᰆᮥ᭥⦽ŝ⦺ʑᚁ ᱶ₦ ᯱഭᨱ ᮹⦽ ə ᇥᕾđŝ۵ Table 12᪡ z݅.

3.3 լକଭ୨ָฃࢫԧணฃ

Ğᮁᨱ ݡ⦽ᩢ⨆ჵᵝᄥᱶȽ⪵ ၰaᵲ⪵đŝ۵ Table 13 ŝ z݅.

ᱶȽ⪵s᮹ᔑ⇽ᮡᦥ௹᮹᜾ŝzᮡŝᱶᮥ☖⧕ᯕ൉ᨕḥ݅.

ᷪ, ✚ᖒ⪵ෝ☖⧕᨜ᨕԙ✚ᖒ⪵đŝෝᔑ⇽ࡽᱶȽ⪵ᯙᯱಽӹ٥ ᨕᵭᮝಽ៉✚ᖒᔢ⫊ᨱʑᵡ⦽ᩢ⨆᮹ᔢݡᱢᵲ᫵ᖒᮥᅕᩍᵝí

ࡽ݅.

ᩍʑᕽ, ᱶȽ⪵ᯙᯱ᪡✚ᖒ⪵ᯙᯱ۵ḡ᜾Ğᱽᇡᨱᕽᱽ᜽⦽s

ᮥ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩡ݅. ᱶȽ⪵s = (Ci / Ni)

(6)

Table 14. Environmental Load of Different Bulldozer Standard at Amount of Earthwork 4000m³ (unit: kg-eq/kg)

4ton 7ton 10ton 12ton 13ton 19ton 32ton

Resource Depletion 3.72E+02 2.92E+02 3.11E+02 2.79E+02 3.63E+02 3.35E+02 3.18E+02

Global Warming 2.45E+01 1.93E+01 2.05E+01 1.84E+01 2.39E+01 2.21E+01 2.10E+01

Ozone Destruction 6.69E-03 5.27E-03 5.60E-03 5.03E-03 6.54E-03 6.03E-03 5.73E-03 Oxide Generation Photochemical 5.85E-04 4.61E-04 4.89E-04 4.40E-04 5.71E-04 5.27E-04 5.01E-04

Acidification 5.70E+00 4.49E+00 4.77E+00 4.28E+00 5.57E+00 5.13E+00 4.88E+00

Eutrophication 4.49E-02 3.53E-02 3.75E-02 3.37E-02 4.38E-02 4.04E-02 3.84E-02

Table 15. Environmental Load of Different Shovel Standard at Amount of Earthwork 4000m³ (unit: g-eq/kg)

0.12m³ 0.2m³ 0.4m³ 0.7m³ 1m³ 2m³

Resource Depletion 1.77E+02 1.62E+02 1.70E+02 1.33E+02 1.86E+02 1.88E+02

Global Warming 1.17E+01 1.07E+01 1.12E+01 8.78E+00 1.23E+01 1.24E+01

Ozone Destruction 3.20E-03 2.93E-03 3.07E-03 2.40E-03 3.36E-03 3.39E-03

Oxide Generation Photochemical 2.79E-04 2.56E-04 2.68E-04 2.10E-04 2.94E-04 2.96E-04

Acidification 2.72E+00 2.49E+00 2.61E+00 2.04E+00 2.86E+00 2.89E+00

Eutrophication 2.14E-02 1.96E-02 2.06E-02 1.61E-02 2.25E-02 2.27E-02

Table 16. The Equipment Combination of a High Environmental Load at Amount of Earthwork 4000m3

(unit: kg-eq/kg) Bulldozer 4ton Shovel 2m³ Total Resource Depletion 3.72E+02 1.88E+02 5.60E+02 Global Warming 2.45E+01 1.24E+01 3.69E+01 Ozone Destruction 6.69E-03 3.39E-03 1.01E-02 Oxide Generation

Photochemical 5.85E-04 2.96E-04 8.81E-04 Acidification 5.70E+00 2.89E+00 8.59E+00 Eutrophication 4.49E-02 2.27E-02 6.76E-02

Table 17. The Equipment Combination of a Low Environmental Load at Amount of Earthwork 4000m³

(unit: kg-eq/kg) Bulldozer 12ton Shovel 0.7m³ Total Resource Depletion 2.79E+02 1.33E+02 4.12E+02 Global Warming 1.84E+01 8.78E+00 2.72E+01 Ozone Destruction 5.03E-03 2.40E-03 7.42E-03 Oxide Generation

Photochemical 4.40E-04 2.10E-04 6.49E-04 Acidification 4.28E+00 2.04E+00 6.32E+00 Eutrophication 3.37E-02 1.61E-02 4.97E-02

3.4 ֠చୁડLCAंজࢫէր

☁Ŗᔍ᮹ Ǖ₊᯲ᨦᮡ ᇩࠥᱡ᪡ Ǖᔎʑ᮹ ᳑⧊ᮝಽ ᯕ൉ᨕᲙ

ᯩᮝအಽᯕࢱᰆእ᮹᳑⧊ᨱ঑ෙ⪹Ğᇡ⦹ప᮹⧊ᮥᔑᱶ⦹ᩡ

݅. ⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᯕ׳ᮡ᳑⧊ŝԏᮡ᳑⧊ᮥእƱ⧉ᮝಽ៉⪹Ğᇡ

⦹పⓍʑ᮹ᔢݡᱢᯙⓍʑෝ᦭ᙹᯩ݅. ᅙםྙᨱᕽ۵ᖅĥ☁Ŗప

4000m³᜽᮹⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᮥĥᔑ⧉ᮝಽ៉bᰆእⓍʑᄥᇡ⦹ప

Ⓧʑෝ ᦭ ᙹ ᯩᨩ݅.

3.4.1 ডծഠվ߆4000m³ਏԨୋण࣢ฅլऀ෇߆ंজ bᰆእᄥ⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᮥᇥᕾ⦽đŝ۵Table 14, 15 ᪡z݅.

ᯕ۵bᯙᯱᄥ⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᮥ༉ࢱ⢽⩥ࡽäᯕ໑ᯕෝၵ┶ᮝ ಽTable 16, 17ŝzᮡđŝsᯕࠥ⇽ࡹᨩ݅. ᇥᕾđŝᇩࠥᱡ

4★ᯕaᰆ⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᯕ׳ᦹŁᇩࠥᱡ12★ᯕaᰆ⪹Ğᇡ⦹ప

ᯕԏᮡäᮥ᦭ᙹᯩᨩ݅. ੱ⦽Ǖᔎʑᨱᕽ۵2m³ᯕaᰆ׳ᮡ

⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᮥӹ┡ԕᨩŁ0.7m³ᯕaᰆ⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᯕԏᮡäᮥ

᦭ ᙹ ᯩᨩ݅.

ᯕ్⦽LCA ⠪aෝ☖⧕☁Ŗᔍ݉ĥᨱᕽᖅĥ☁Ŗపᯕ4000 m³᜽ ⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᯕ ׳ᮡ ᳑⧊ŝ ԏᮡ ᳑⧊᮹ ᇡ⦹ప᮹ ₉ᯕa

᧞1.36႑ӹ┡ӹ۵äᮥ᦭ᙹᯩᨩ݅. aᱶᮡᰆእaⓑäᯝᙹಾ

⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᯕⓕäᯕ௝ᩩᔢ⧩ḡอbᰆእ᮹ᩑእ₉ᯕa⪹Ğ ᇡ⦹పᨱaᰆᩢ⨆ᮥⓍíᵝ۵äᮥ᦭ᙹᯩᨩ݅. ᯕ్⦽☁Ŗ

ᰆእ᮹ ᳑⧊ᨱ ঑௝ ⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᮥ qᗭ᜽┍ ᙹ ᯩᮥ äᯕ݅.

3.4.5 ֠చୁડฅլण૳ฅॺ

1) ᖅĥ☁Ŗప 4000m³ ᜽ ⪹Ğእᬊ ᔑ⇽

LCAෝ☖⦽⪹Ğእᬊᮥ⪹ᔑ⦹ʑ᭥⧕Table 12ෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ

(7)

Table 18. Environmental Cost Calculation of Bulldozer (unit: won)

4ton 7ton 10ton 12ton 13ton 19ton 32ton

Resource Depletion 1,910,148 1,503,357 1,596,703 1,434,576 1,864,949 1,719,526 1,635,024

Global Warming 371 292 310 279 362 334 318

Ozone Destruction 569 448 476 427 556 512 487

Oxide Generation Photochemical 4 3 4 3 4 4 4

Acidification 65,98 51,92 55,15 49,55 64,41 59,39 56,47

Eutrophication 1,597 1,257 1,335 1,199 1,559 1,437 1,367

Total 1,978,669 1,557,286 1,653,980 1,486,038 1,931,849 1,781,209 1,693,676

Table 19. Environmental Cost Calculation of Shovel (unit: won)

0.12m³ 0.2m³ 0.4m³ 0.7m³ 1m³ 2m³

Resource Depletion 911,84 835,19 875,48 683,88 958,02 966,86

Global Warming 177 162 170 133 186 188

Ozone Destruction 272 249 261 204 285 288

Oxide Generation Photochemical 2 2 2 2 2 2

Acidification 31,497 28,849 30,241 23,622 33,092 33,397

Eutrophication 762 698 732 572 801 808

Total 944,550 865,159 906,890 708,412 992,388 1,001,549

Table 20. Ownership Cost Coefficient of Bulldozer Hourly

Coefficient (10^7) Standard

Redemption Cost Coefficient

Servicing Cost Coefficient

Maintenance Coefficient Total

Bulldozer 4, 7, 10, 12, 13, 19,

32ton Common

750 583 430 1,763

Table 21. Ownership Cost Coefficient of Shovel Hourly

Coefficient (10^7) Standard

Redemption Cost Coefficient

Servicing Cost Coefficient

Maintenance Coefficient Total

Shovel 0.12, 0.2, 0.4, 0.7, 1.0, 2.0 Common

900 700 288 1,888

ĥᔑ⦹ᩡ݅. ⪹ĞእᬊᇥᕾđŝTable18ᨱᕽ᪡zᯕᇩࠥᱡ4★

ᯕ1,978,669ᬱᮝಽᕽaᰆ⪹Ğእᬊᯕ׳ᦹŁ12★ᯕ1,486,038 ᬱᮝಽᕽ ⪹Ğእᬊᯕ aᰆ ԏᦹ݅. ੱ⦽ Table19ᨱᕽ Ǖᔎʑ ۵2m³ᯕ1,001,549ᬱᮝಽᕽaᰆ⪹Ğእᬊᯕ׳ᦹŁ0.7m³ᯕ

708,412ᬱᮝಽᕽ aᰆ ⪹Ğእᬊᯕ ԏᦹ݅.

Ų⪵⦺ᔑ⪵ྜྷᔾᖒ ᩢ⨆ჵᵝ᮹ ⪹Ğእᬊᯕ ᯲ᮡ ᯕᮁ۵ ✚ ᖒ⪵݉ĥᨱᕽ✚ᖒ⪵đŝsᯕԏᮥᐱᦥܩ௝aᵲ⊹ੱ⦽ԏ ᦥɩᧂᮝಽ⪹ᔑ᜽᯲ᮡɩᧂᮝಽ⪹ᔑࡹᨩʑভྙᨱᯕ᪡zᮡ

đŝa ࠥ⇽ ࡹᨩ݅.

4. Ǖ₊᯲ᨦŖᔍእᔑ⇽

4.1 ऄܑୠ, ֠ॸ׆վॷणॺౢࢺ࣑

ᇩࠥᱡŖᔍእᔑ⇽᜽Łಅ⧕᧝⧁᫵ᗭ۵ÕᖅʑĥaĊ(ᬱ), ᔢbእĥᙹ, ᱶእእĥᙹ, šญእĥᙹ॒ᯕᯩᮝ໑᜽eݚᗱഭĥ

ᙹ۵bĥᙹ᮹⧊ᮝಽᯕ൉ᨕᲙᯩ݅. Ğᮁ۵ญ░ݚ1,600ᬱᮥ

ʑᵡᮝಽ ᔑᱶ⦹ᩡ݅.

4.1.1 ऄܑୠվॷणॺౢ

ᇩࠥᱡ Ŗᔍእ ᔑ⇽đŝ۵ Table22᪡ zᮝ໑ ᖅĥ☁Ŗపᯕ

4000m³᜽ᇩࠥᱡ᮹Ŗᔍእᔑ⇽đŝᇩࠥᱡ4★᮹ᰆእaaᰆ

ⓑŖᔍእෝӹ┡ԕᨩŁ19★ᰆእaaᰆԏᮡŖᔍእෝӹ┡ԕ ᨩ݅.

4.1.2 ֠ॸ׆վॷणॺౢ

Ǖᔎʑ Ŗᔍእ ᔑ⇽đŝ۵ Table23ŝ zᮝ໑ ᖅĥ☁Ŗపᯕ

4000m³᜽Ǖᔎʑ᮹Ŗᔍእᔑ⇽đŝǕᔎʑ0.12m³᮹ᰆእaa ᰆ ⓑ Ŗᔍእෝ ӹ┡ԕᨩŁ 0.7m³ᰆእa aᰆ ԏᮡ Ŗᔍእෝ

ӹ┡ԕᨩ݅. ᯕ۵Ŗᔍʑeᨱaᰆⓑᩢ⨆ᮥၼʑভྙᮝಽᇥᕾ

ࡹᨩ݅.

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Table 22. Calculation of Bulldozer Construction Costs

4T 7T 10T 12T 13T 19T 32T

Hourly Rental fee (won) 5,311.91 9,740.57 21,525.48 25,392.66 21,305.62 25,040.77 33,257.23 8 Hours Rental fee (won) 42,495 77,925 172,204 203,141 170,445 200,326 266,058

Driver Unit Wage (won) 100,237 100,237 100,237 100,237 100,237 100,237 100,237 Rental fee

+Driver Unit Wage (won) 142,732 178,162 272,441 303,378 270,682 300,563 366,295

Construction Period (day) 36 17 13 10 13 7 4

Diesel Consumption (L) 1555 1224 1300 1168 1518 614 1400

Diesel Price (won) 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600

Diesel Cost (won) 2,488,320 1,958,400 2,080,000 1,868,800 2,429,440 983,040 2,240,000 Total Cost (won) 7,626,685 4,987,147 5,621,731 4,902,583 5,948,306 3,086,982 3,705,179

Table 23. Calculation of Shovel Construction Costs

0.12m³ 0.2m³ 0.4m³ 0.7m³ 1m³ 2m³

Hourly Rental fee (won) 7,141.15 10,597.6 12,453.4 18,961.95 23,233.2 53,395.6

8 Hours Rental fee (won) 57,129 84,781 99,627 151,696 185,866 427,165

Driver Unit Wage (won) 100,237 100,237 100,237 100,237 100,237 100,237

Rental fee

+Driver Unit Wage (won) 157,366 185,018 199,864 251,933 286,103 527,402

Construction Period (day) 29 17 9 6 5 3

Diesel Consumption (L) 742.4 680 712.8 556.8 780 787.2

Diesel Price (won) 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600

Diesel Cost (won) 1,187,840 1,088,000 1,140,480 890,880 1,248,000 1,259,520 Total Cost (won) 5,751,460 4,233,303 2,939,258 2,402,476 2,678,513 2,841,725

Table 24. Sum of The Construction Costs and The Environmental Costs of Bulldozer (unit: won)

Division

Construction Cost (Ranking)

Environmental Cost (Ranking)

Total Ranking

4t 7,626,685 (1) 1,978,669 (1) 9,605,354 1 7t 4,987,147 (4) 1,557,286 (6) 6,544,433 4 10t 5,621,731 (3) 1,653,980 (5) 7,275,712 3 12t 4,902,583 (5) 1,486,038 (7) 6,388,621 5 13t 5,948,306 (2) 1,931,849 (2) 7,880,155 2 19t 3,086,982 (7) 1,781,209 (3) 4,868,192 7 32t 3,705,179 (6) 1,693,676 (4) 5,398,855 6

5. Ŗᔍእ᪡⪹ĞእᬊᮥŁಅ⦽ᰆእᖁᱶ

5.1 ౖୡୋण୺෍ট୨ࢺ࣑

Table 18, Table 19ᨱᕽᔑᱶࡽ⪹ĞእᬊŝTable22, Table23 ᨱᕽ ᔑᱶࡽ Ŗᔍእ᮹ ⧊ᮝಽᕽ ↽ᱢᰆእ ᳑⧊ᮥ ᖁᱶ⦹ᩡ݅.

5.2 ౖୡୋण୺෍ট୨էր

Ŗᔍእ᪡⪹Ğእᬊ᮹⧊ĥಽᕽĞᱽᖒ⊂໕ŝ⪹Ğᖒ⊂໕ᯕŁ

൉w∑ḥᰆእෝࠥ⇽⦹ᩡ݅. Table 24۵ᇩࠥᱡ↽ᱢᰆእᖁᱶđ ŝᇩࠥᱡ19★ᯕŖᔍእ⊂໕ŝ⪹Ğᖒ⊂໕ᨱᕽᮁญ⦽äᮥ

᦭ ᙹ ᯩᨩ݅.

əญŁTable 25۵ǕᔎʑȽĊᄥಽŖᔍእ᪡⪹Ğእᬊ᮹⧊ĥ ಽᕽĞᱽᖒ⊂໕ŝ⪹Ğᖒ⊂໕ᯕ Ł൉w∑ḥᰆእෝᅕᩍᵝŁ

ᯩ݅. ᇥᕾđŝǕᔎʑ0.7m³ᯕŖᔍእ⊂໕ŝ⪹Ğᖒ⊂໕ᨱᕽ

ᮁญ⦽ äᮥ ᦭ ᙹ ᯩᨩ݅.

ᯕෝ☖⦹ᩍ↽ᱢᰆእ᳑⧊ᮡᇩࠥᱡ19★ŝǕᔎʑ0.7m³᮹

ᰆእ᳑⧊ᯕ⊽⪹Ğᱢᯕ໕ᕽĞᱽᱢᯙ᳑⧊ᯙäᮥ᦭ᙹᯩᨩ݅.

Ŗᔍእa ⪹Ğእᬊŝ እƱ ⧩ᮥ ভ ᔢݡᱢᮝಽ ɩᧂᯕ ׳ᦥ

ᙽ᭥aŖᔍእෝ঑௝a۵᧲ᔢᮥᅕᯕ۵⦽ĥෝᅕᩡ݅. ⦹ḡอ

ݡȽ༉ Ŗᔍ ᜽ ⪹Ğᱢ ⊂໕ᮥ Łಅ⦹ḡ ᦫᮥ ᙹ ᨧʑ ভྙᨱ

⪹Ğእᬊᨱݡ⦽aᵲ⊹ෝᱢᬊ⦽݅Ł⦹໕Ğᱽᖒၰ⪹Ğᖒᨱ

↽ᱢ⪵ ࡽ ᰆእ᳑⧊ ᖁᱶᮥ ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᮥ äᯕ݅.

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Table 25. Sum of The Construction Costs and The Environmental Costs of Shovel (unit: won)

Division Construction Cost

Environmental

Cost Total Ranking

0.12m³ 5,751,460 944,550 6,696,010 1 0.2m³ 4,233,303 865,159 5,098,461 2 0.4m³ 2,939,258 906,890 3,846,148 3 0.7m³ 2,402,476 708,412 3,110,888 6 1.0m³ 2,678,513 992,388 3,670,901 5 2.0m³ 2,841,725 1,001,549 3,843,274 4

6. đು

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵☁Ŗᔍ᜽⪹Ğ᪅ᩝྜྷḩᮥᱢí႑⇽a܆⦽ႊᦩ

ᮥᱽ᜽⦹Ł, ☁Ŗᔍ᜽⪹Ğᩢ⨆⠪aᨱݡ᮲⦹ʑ᭥⦽ʑⅩᯱഭಽ ᕽᮁᬊ⦹í⪽ᬊ⦹ࠥಾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᇩࠥᱡ, Ǖᔎʑ᮹ᔍಡෝɝÑಽ

ᱶపᱢᯙ⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᮥᱥŝᱶ⠪aᨱᱢ⧊⦽⥥ಽᖙᜅෝ☖⦹ᩍ

ᔑ⇽⦹ᩡŁᯕෝ☖⦽ᰆእᖁᱶ}ᖁႊᦩᮥᱽ᜽⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ్⦽

ᩑǍෝ ☖⧕ ݅ᮭŝ zᮡ đುᮥ ᨜ᮥ ᙹ ᯩᨩ݅.

(1) ᖅĥ☁Ŗపᯕ zᮥ Ğᬑ ᰆእ᮹ ᳑⧊ᨱ ঑௝ ⪹Ğᇡ⦹పᯕ

ݍ௝ḡ۵äᮥ᦭ᙹᯩᨩ݅. ঑௝ᕽ⨆⬥LCAᇥᕾᮥ☖⦹ᩍ

↽ᗭ⪵ࡽ ⪹ Ğᇡ⦹ప ᰆእ᳑⧊ᮥ ᖁᱶ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.

(2) ⪹Ğᇡ⦹పŝŖᔍእෝŁಅ⦽Ǖ₊᯲ᨦ↽ᱢᰆእ᳑⧊ᖁᱶđ ŝᇩࠥᱡ19★ŝǕᔎʑ0.7m³᮹ᰆእ᳑⧊ᯕaᰆ⊽⪹Ğᱢᯕ ໑ Ğᱽᱢᯙ ᰆእ ᳑⧊ᯕ௝۵ äᮥ ᦭ ᙹ ᯩᨩ݅.

(3)ḡɩʭḡ᮹Õᖅᔍᨦḥ⧪᜽ᔍᨦእᱩqႊᦩอŁಅ⦹ᩡ݅.

ᦿᮝಽ ⪹Ğ ⊽⪵ᱢᯙ Õᖅྙ⪵ ᱶ₊ᮥ ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ ⪹Ğᱢᯙ

᫵ᯙᮥ႑ᱽ⧁ᙹᨧᮥäᯕ݅. ঑௝ᕽ⨆⬥ᔍᨦĥ⫮᜽ᨵḡܩ ᨕॅᮡ┡ݚᖒᇥᕾŝĞᱽᖒᇥᕾᐱᦥܩ௝LCAᇥᕾᮥ☖⦹

ᩍ⊽⪹ĞᱢᯕŁĞᱽᖒࠥᳬᮡ↽ᱢ᮹Ŗᔍᙹ⧪ᮥ⧕᧝⧁

äᯕ݅.

qᔍ᮹ɡ

ᯕםྙᮡ2011֥ࠥ∊ᇢݡ⦺Ʊ⦺ᚁᩑǍḡᬱᔍᨦ᮹ᩑǍእḡ ᬱᨱ ᮹⦹ᩍ ᩑǍࡹᨩᮭ.

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