A Study on the Characteristics of Cement-Solidified Abandoned Tailings Specimens

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http://dx.doi.org/10.12972/ksmer.2012.49.6.757

ඍׁুֈॺֈࢄఐת׆ଭਏࡖൈճฃ఼ଭ൉ন઴֜

ছଭઽ

Â ࢢլ଀

Â ଲ෮శ

A Study on the Characteristics of Cement-Solidified Abandoned Tailings Specimens

Eui-Young Seo, Kyoung-Won Min and Hyun-Cheol Lee

Abstract : Solidification is a process widely applied for the immobilization of inorganic constituents of hazardous wastes, especially for heavy metals. In this study, solidification of mine tailings using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), one of the most common binders for that purpose, was tested for its long-term durability and safety.

Microstructures of the cement-solidified mine tailing specimens obtained by electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis showed that acicular ettringite, hexagonally planar monosulfate and fibrous calcium silicate hydrate were crystallized in the solidified specimens. All cement-solidified specimens satisfy the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) requirements (0.35 MPa) for land reclamation solids by US EPA and show remarkably reduced leaching concentrations of heavy metals such as As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn lower than the toxicity criteria of Korean standard leaching test (KSLT). Conclusively solidification using the OPC can be applied to the abandoned tailings in terms of durability and safety.

Key words : Mine tailings, Cement-solidified, Microstructures, Durability, Safety

څ أ Č঍জəܼŚ՚ڷͿ١ّʽदşНǴИşՁқۆঝԓںѓݓॠşڦॠيȇνۋڌʼČەɰ. ۋ

ٍĵقԴəČ঍জߌνقԴÀۤ৖০ԐڌʼəĀ०ۦۍप͔ࣥ˚֨ϯ࣡εԐڌॢदŚ՚ġНީƃşČ঍জ НۆۤşǴĵՁę؋܁Ձں֨ॹॠٕɰ. ġНީƃşۆ֨ϯ࣡Čজߕقʂॢۻۙইйą(SEM) ě޶ęEDS қԵں֬֨ॠيࠞԜۆĀ०Нݗۍق࣡οۙۋ࣡ٮگÁࣺԜϿتۍϿȤԺगۋ࣡, ԽڮԜۍࠥ֜őԓّսজ Нںঝۍॠٕɰ. ێ߹ؓ߹Ìʪࠑ܁ĀęйĶEPAۆदşНϔςńČşܵۍ0.35 MPaںχܔॠəÌʪÉں

ǣࢍǴؽɰ. Č঍জ঳As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn ˣۆܼŚ՚ڌ߻֨ॹĀęݓ܁दşНڮ३НݗşܵۋॠۆȬʪͿ

ê߻ʼؽɰ. ۋق˰͆प͔ࣥ˚֨ϯ࣡εۋڌॢČ঍জߌνѪںܼŚ՚ڷͿ١ّʽदŚ՚ġԓġНީƃşε

؋܁ॠóߌνॠəʚۺڌॣսەڼںঝۍॠٕɰ.

ܳڅر ġНީƃş, ֨ϯ࣡Č঍জ, йՃĵܓ, ǴĵՁ, ؋ۻՁ

2012ț8ښ22ێۿս, 2012ț11ښ23ێ֮ԐٰΒ 2012ț12ښ13ێóۦঝ܁

1) Ìڙʂॡİėęʂॡقȃݓ·ۙڙėॡę

*Corresponding Author(лąڙ) E-mail; [email protected]

Address; Department of Energy & Resource Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwondo 200-701, Korea

eISSN 2287-4321(Online)

Դ΁

ইۦۻĶۺڷͿ2110 ÒۆŚ՚ġԓۋ্दġʼؽ ɰ(Mine Reclamation Corporation, 2012). ۋ͠ॢ্द ġقԴदġԵ, ÚǴս, ࠞ߻սфġНީƃşəܳѺࢹ ت, ॠߎфݓॠսͿڮۓʼرսݗ١ّںڮьॠٕČ,

ܼŚ՚ڹć՚ܕۦॠيڼڌս̚əȬغڌսε١ّ֨

ࡈݓًܳл˞ۆæÌԜक़३εÀ܋١Čەɰ(Ministry of Environment, 2010). ĶǴۆ ܼŚ՚١ّʽ ġНީƃş ۆߌνѪڷͿێ֨ۺüν, Ŗڙ١ّڙ܁জ, ġԓǴ ҙͿ ߿ݕ, И३জ/Ç͟জॠəѓѪ, ѻʪ ϔςۤ ߌқ

ˣۋ܃֨ʼČەɰ(Kwon and Nam, 2007). ۋ˞ܼČ

঍জߌνѪڹ١ّНݗۆڌ߻ںНνۺڷͿ޲ɳॠي

ڌ߻शϸۺںÇՙ֨ࢅČܓۚۋڌۋॠʪ΀Нνۺ࣢

ՁںѺজ֨ࢅəė܁ڷͿČ঍জߌνۦΒεߐÀॠ يČজߕε঍Ձ֨ࢅəė܁ۋɰ(Glasser, 1997; Li et al., 2001; Kim et al., 2010). ̚ॢڮ३दşНقۆॢ

ঞą١ّۆѓݓǣࠄśÒԸ, ঞąܼۆϔߕ(Н)ںࣀॠ يݓॠսǣࢹتˣۆ١ّںڌ߻ۋرͲڏ঍ࢗͿѺ

ٍĵȦЛ

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Fig. 1. Particle size distribution curve for the tailings samples.

Fig. 2. XRD patterns of the tailings. (Cl : Clinochlore, Te : Tetraferriphlogopite, Cb : Chabazite, Qz : Quartz, Do : Dolomite, Cs : Chlorite-serpentine).

জ֨ࢅəìںܳЀۺڷͿॢɰ(Conner, 1990). Č঍

জߌνۦΒəҼڌۋ۹ͶॠČۤşۺۍ؋܁Ձۋە ڷ϶, ĵۓۋڌۋॠČʫՁۋػə ИşՁۿ०܃ٮڌ ३ʪÀȭڹ١ّНݗۋǣڮşՁ١ّНݗںজॡۺڷ Ϳۿ०֨ࡈ ؋܁֨ࢅə ڮşՁ ۿ०܃À ەɰ(Ministry of Environment, 2007). ġНީƃşε ߌνॠə ѓѪڷ Ϳ ՙԵধε ۋڌॢ Č঍জ/؋܁জ ߌν(Lee et al., 2009), ՙԵধٮНڮνεۋڌॠيġНީƃşࠗԜɳ قČজࠗں঍Ձ֨ࡈġНީƃşεߌνॠəѓѪ(Ahn et al., 2010) ˣġНީƃşεČ঍জ/؋܁জߌνॠə

ąڍCa ՁқۋܳεۋΘəՙԵধ, ԦՁধˣۋܳͿ

Ԑڌʽɰ(Lee et al., 2012). ֨ϯ࣡قۆॢČ঍জəɰ δČজ܃قҼॠيÀüۋ۹ͶॠČ, ֨ϯ࣡ۙߕÀߎ

ٍۆؒԵۋǣࢹتęՁқۋÏڹИşőԓّġНͿ

ϔς֨ࠚঞąۺۋ͆əۤ۾ںÀݓČەɰ(Diet et al., 1998; Singh and Pant, 2006; Quao et al., 2006).

֨ϯ࣡Č঍জߌν ֨֨ϯ࣡ъڿНݗۋڌ३ॠي

ڌؚܼقۋ٣ںьԦॠəؚԜъڿę֨ϯ࣡জ०Нۋ

ݔۿČߕशϸقԴъڿॠəČߕъڿڷͿǣɌČ, ؚ Ԝъڿڹ ߣşق Čߕъڿڹ ۤşɳćقԴ ݕॱʽɰ (Kim and Lee, 1994). ֨ϯ࣡սজъڿܼőԓࠥ֜(C3S фC2S)ڹНęъڿॠيőԓࠥ֜սজН(C-S-H)ںԦ ՁॠČ, C-S-H ĵܓقԴܼŚ՚Č܁ڹSi⁴⁺ ۋ٣࠘ঞۋ

؉ɨĀ܁शϸۆড়޳قۆ३ۋΘرݕɰ. ̚ॢ؎Θлԓ 3ࠥ֜(C3A)ęԵČÀъڿॠيࠞԜĀ܁ۍق࣡οۙۋ

࣡(ettringite)ÀԦՁʼČ, ق࣡οۙۋ࣡əডԓۋ٣ۋܕ ۦॠϸԦՁۋć՚ʼ϶, ێъۺڷͿ24֨Âʴ؋ێرǦ ɰ. ۋ঳ق࣡οۙۋ࣡ͿҙࢢϿȤԺगۋ࣡(monosulfate) ÀԦՁʽɰ. ق࣡οۙۋ࣡ۆAl³⁺ۋ٣ڹۋ٣ъąۋҼ

֦ॢTi, Cr, Mn, Fe ˣę֖ó࠘ঞॠČ, SO42-

əܳԜ ĵܓ Ԑۋق ܕۦॠ϶ CrO42-

, AsO33-

, AsO43-

ٮ Ïڹ

tetrahedral anionę࠘ঞॠəՁݗۋەرԴܼŚ՚Č܁

قমęۺۋɰ. ̚ॢϿȤԺगۋ࣡əѓԐՁदşНܼI^- ۆČ܁জق মęۺۋɰ(Lee and Kwon, 2001).

ٍ҆ĵəşܕقÒьʽ şցقҼॠي ߌνমęÀ

ȭڷ϶, ߌνҼڌ̚ॢ۹Ͷॢۤ۾ۋەə֨ϯ࣡Č঍

জѪںदŚ՚ġԓۆġНީƃşقۺڌॠي, ֨ϯ࣡ս জԦՁНۆқԵںࣀॠيйՃĵܓٮ؋܁Ձںঝۍॠ şڦॠي սॱॠٕɰ.

ġНީƃş֨Β

ġԓÒڅ

ٍĵقԐڌʽġНީƃşə߿ǫ ߔتԘġġԓ(Ś, ڹ)ęąҚڐݕŚۤġԓ(Ś, ڹ, ʴ, ٍ, ؉ٍ)ۆदŚ՚

ġНީƃşε Ԑڌॠٕɰ. Ԙġġԓڹ Ը࠮ҵν؉şۆ

জÌठυؒęۋقपনԜڷͿқपॠəѺՁࣅۺؒф

঳şقۋεěۓॢगŔυࢍۋ࣡ٮّşՁؒϕڷͿĵ Ձʽɰ. ġԜڹজÌठυؒقьɵॠəَŕں߿ݕॢ॥

ŚڹԵٖϕۋ϶, ܳĵՁġНڹডߏԵ, ѓٍԵ, Խ؉ٍԵ, ডҼߏԵ, ডʴԵۋČҙĵՁġНڹԵٖ, þڏϿͿĵՁ ʼر ەɰ(Korea Mining Promotion Corporation, 1987).

ŚۤġԓڹąԜćǤʴࣀق՚ॠəǤʴࠗķۆڐʹԓࠗ

ęÀբʴࠗۋǫҚѓॳڷͿқपʼ϶, ġĵʴࠑҙق٣

܁νজÌؒۋěۓʼرқपॢɰ. ġԜڹَŕں߿ݕॢ

َŕ߿ݕġԓڷͿܳĵՁġНڹѓٍԵ, Խ؉ٍԵ, ডʴ ԵۋČ, ҙĵՁġНڹডߏԵ, ѓ३Ե, ԵٖڷͿĵՁʼر

ەɰ(Korea Mining Promotion Corporation, 1981).

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Table 1. Elemental composition of the tailing samples analyzed by XRF

Abandoned Mine Component (Unit : wt%)

SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3

T MgO K2O CaO SO3 others

Samkwang 80.30 6.50 1.72 5.11 2.43 2.82 0.10 1.01

Geumjang 73.50 9.45 8.41 1.96 2.28 0.62 1.02 2.76

Table 2. Heavy elemental concentration in the tailings samples according to the Korean standard leaching procedure (KSLP)

Sampled Mine Heavy elemental concentration (Unit: mg/kg, ppm)

As Cd Cu Pb Zn

Samkwang 2.86 0.12 0.10 0.15 0.21

Geumjang 0.08 0.49 0.15 4.41 25.5

Toxicity criteria of KSLP 1.5 0.3 3 3 N/A

* N/A: Not Applicable

ۓʪфġНܓՁ

Ԙġġԓę Śۤġԓۆ ġНީƃşۺ࠘ۤقԴ ÁÁ

10Òݓ۾ں࢘ॠي޽ࠄॢġНީƃşͿҙࢢԐқѪڷ Ϳ࢘ॢġНީƃş֨Βə֬ǴقԴێܳێÂॄæॠٕ

ɰ. ॄæʽ֨Βə#10, #20, #40, #60, #100, #140, #200 ߕεۋڌॠيۓʪεқԵॢĀę, थŒۓʪəԘġġ Нީƃş150 ȝm, ŚۤġНީƃş250 ȝmۋ϶, Ԙġġ НީƃşٮŚۤġНީƃşÀڮԐॢۓʪқपεǣࢍ

ǻɰ(Fig. 1).

75 ȝm(200 mesh) ۋॠͿқթʽġНީƃş֨Βқϊ ۆXRD(PANalytical, X쥋pert-pro MPD) қԵقԴQuartz, Tetraferriphlogopite, Chabazite, Clinochlore, Dolomite ˣۆ ġНں ঝۍॣս ەؽɰ(Fig. 2).

ܳՁқڙՙфڌ߻֨ॹ

ݒΪս50 ຸق2 mm(10 mesh) ۋॠࡾşۆġНީ

ƃş֨Β10 gںঔ०, 1֨Âݕ࢖঳10қѓ࠘ॠيࠑ

܁ॢpH Éقۆॠϸ, ԘġġНީƃşə7.36ڷͿܼՁ ںǣࢍǴ϶, ŚۤġНީƃşə5.12ͿأԓՁںǣࢍǻ ɰ. XRF(ZSX 100e, Japan)قۆॢܳڙՙқԵقۆॠϸ

˃ġНީƃş Ͽ˃SiO2, Al2O3ÀܳڙՙεۋΘؽڷ

϶, ԘġġНީƃşə MgO, ŚۤġНީƃşə Fe2O3T

Àȭó॥ڮʼر ەɰ(Table 1).

ġНީƃşۆ ڮ३Ձں êࢹॠş ڦॠي दşНė܁

֨ॹѪق˰͆ġНީƃş100 gęHClںۋڌॠيpH ε5.86.3ڷͿܓ܁ॢڌؚ1,000 m˜ε2,000 m˜GԘ Á॔͆֟ࡾقȏČԜ٣, ԜؓقԴݕ࢖ধսÀϔқɾ

أ200ধ, ݕफۋ45 cmۆݕ࢖şεԐڌॠي6֨Â ʴ؋ٍ՚ݕ࢖঳0.45 ȝmيęݓͿيęॠيICP қԵ

(OPTIMA 7300 DV, Perkin Elmer)ںॠٕɰ(Table 2).

ԘġġНީƃşəAs, ŚۤġНީƃşəCu, Pbۋݓ܁

दşНڮ३Нݗşܵںߣęॠيê߻ʼؽɰ. Znۆą ڍŚۤġНީƃşقԴȭڹȬʪͿқԵʼؽݓχইۦ

ݓ܁दşНڮ३Нݗşܵۋ܃֨ʼرەݓ؍ڹԜࢗۋ Č, Ȭʪə 25.5 mg/˜ͿқԵʼؽɰ(Table 2).

֨ϯ࣡Čজߕ࣢Ձ

Čজߕ܃ۚ

ġНީƃşۆ֨ϯ࣡ČজߕəČজ܃Ϳप͔ࣥ˚֨

ϯ࣡εۋڌॠيKS F 2329(2002) ֨ॹѪق˰͆܃ۚ

ʼر, Ѓ˚قԴ24֨ÂتԦ঳࢐঍ॠي२٣սܓقԴ

40قԴ7ێÂ٣սتԦʼؽɰ(KS F 2827, 2006). ġ Нީƃşٮ ֨ϯ࣡ۆ ঔ०Ҽڱڹ şܕق ܃֨ʽ 7:3 (Jeong et al., 2006), 3:1(Jeon et al., 2006)ںČͲॠي

6:4, 7:3, 8:2ͿĀ܁ॠČ, ߐÀսə1޲ݒΪսεԐڌॠ

ٕڷ϶, ֨ϯ࣡ٮ ߐÀսۆ Ҽڱڹ 1:0.6ڷͿ ॠٕɰ.

֨ϯ࣡սজԦՁНфйՃĵܓ

֨ϯ࣡εۋΘəܳڅܓՁڹőԓࠥ֜(C3SфC2S)ę

؎Θлԓࠥ֜(C3AфC4AF)ڷͿսজəъڿНݗۋڌ ३ॠيڌؚܼقۋ٣ںьԦॠəؚԜъڿę֨ϯ࣡

জ०НۋݔۿČߕۆशϸقԴъڿۋێرǣəČߕъ ڿڷͿۋΘرݓ϶, ؚԜъڿڹߣşɳćقԴČߕъڿ ڹۤşɳćقԴݕॱʽɰ. ۋъڿقԴۆڮ३ܼŚ՚ڹ OH^-ٮĀ०ॠيǦڌՁ޳জ०НęࠞۻНں঍Ձॠə

ъڿۋێرǦɰ. őԓࠥ֜ڹНęъڿॠيőԓࠥ֜ս জН(calcium silicate hydrate: C-S-H)ںԦՁॠČ, ؎Θл

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After curing (Samkwang 6:4)

Fig. 3. SEM images and EDS spectrum of solidified specimens. Patterns in parentheses denote the mines and the mixing ratios of cement and tailings.

ԓ3ࠥ֜(C3A)ęԵČÀъڿॠيق࣡οۙۋ࣡(ettringite) Ϳ؎Ͳ܋ەəČডԓ঍ցप؎Θлԓࠥ֜(calcium sulfoaluminate(3CaOAl2O33CaSO432H2O)ۆ ࠞԜĀ

܁ۋԦՁʽɰ. ۋق࣡οۙۋ࣡əডԓۋ٣ۋ ܕۦॠϸ

ԦՁۋć՚ʼČ, ডԓۋ٣ۋ܃äʼϸC3Aۆսজəق

࣡οۙۋ࣡ͿҙࢢϿȤԺगۋ࣡(monosulfate)͆Čҝν ə۹ডԓ঍ցप؎Θлԓࠥ֜(calcium sulfoaluminate, 3CaOAl2O3CaSO412H2O)Ϳ Ѻঞʼäǣ C4ASH12ٮ

C4AH13ۆگϸߕۆ ČڌߕͿ Ѻঞʽɰ.

Taplin(1968)ڹܼŚ՚ۋ٣ۋ֨ϯ࣡ۆսজę܁قй

࠘əٖॳقěॢٍĵقԴCu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As ˣۋ֨

ϯ࣡ۆߣşսজεݓٍॢɰČ҃ČॠٕČ, Arliguie and Grandet(1990)ڹ֨ϯ࣡ࢁτ࠶قʂॢ؉ٍۆٖॳں

Иսۓۙۆܳڦقئڹսԓজ؉ٍҼ܁ݗࠗۆࠞۻق

ۆॠيѓսࠗφۋ঍ՁʼČ, ࠞۓČڌߕٮ֨ϯ࣡ۓ

ۙԐۋۆİঞںز܃॥ڷͿ׆֨ϯ࣡սজεݓٍॢɰ.

Ŕ͠ǣ Ca²⁺ۋ٣ę OH^-ۋ٣ۆ ȬʪÀ ߿қॠɰϸ, Zn (OH)2ÀZn(OH)^3-Ϳڌ३ʽ঳, ɰ֨ڌؚܼۆCa²⁺ۋ٣ ęOH^-ۋ٣ęъڿॠيĀ܁ݗۆսԓজࠥ֜-؉ٍڷͿ

ۻۋॣսەəʚ, ۋ०ՁНۆĀ܁জəҼ܁ݗφۆࣷ

Ĩεߣ͒ॠي֨ϯ࣡ۆսজъڿںɰ֨ݕॱॠóʽɰ.

ġНީƃşф֨ϯ࣡Čজߕۆ֨Βε1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm ܁ʪۆࡾşͿࣷթॢ঳æܓͿقԴ24֨Âæܓ ॠيFESEM(S-4300, HITACHI)ںۋڌॠيق࣡οۙ

ۋ࣡, ϿȤԺगۋ࣡, C-S-H ঍Ձيҙٮ йՃĵܓεঝ ۍॠşڦॠيě޶ॠٕɰ(Fig. 3 and 4). ̚ॢ, EDS қ

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After curing (Geumjang 6:4)

Fig. 4. SEM images and EDS spectrum of solidified specimens. Patterns in parentheses denote the mines and the mixing ratios of cement and tailings.

ԵںࣀॠيսজНقܕۦॠəڙՙՁқںঝۍॠٕɰ.

ԘġġНީƃşəAs, ŚۤġНީƃşəCd, Pbۋȭڹ

ȬʪͿܕۦॠČ, ˃ġНީƃşϿ˃قԴ࣢܁Ā०ĵ ܓεьþॠݓЇॠٕݓχ, ֨ϯ࣡ČজߕقԴəࠞԜۆ

Ā०Нݗۍق࣡οۙۋ࣡ٮگÁࣺԜϿتۍϿȤԺग ۋ࣡, ԽڮԜۍC-S-HÀьþʼəìڷͿ҃؉˃ġН

ީƃşǴقܕۦॠəܼŚ՚ڹ֨ϯ࣡սজъڿ՚ʪق

ࢀٖॳںй࠘ݓ؍əìڷͿࣺɳʽɰ(Fig. 3 and 4).

̚ॢق࣡οۙۋ࣡əйսজC3AٮъڿॠيϿȤԺग ۋ࣡ͿѺজॠş˺Лقق࣡οۙۋ࣡ٮϿȤԺगۋ࣡

À॥ƍьþʼəìںঝۍॣսەɰ. ֨ϯ࣡ۆ॥͟ۋ

ݒÀॣս΀սজÀݕॱʿق˰͆սজԦՁНۋ֨ϯ࣡

ۓۙÂۆėÂںϭڗėÂۋۺرݙں҇սەɰ. EDS қԵĀęԘġġНީƃşۆąڍO, Ca ڙՙٮŔٽC, Si, S, K, Alں॥ڮॠČەڷ϶, ŚۤġНީƃşۆąڍ

O, Ca ڙՙٮŔٽC, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Feں॥ڮॠČ

ەɰ.

XRD қԵ

ԘġġНީƃşXRD क़ࡾқԵĀęPortlandite, Quartz, Calcium Aluminum Mesitylene Sulfonate hydrateٮ

Calcium HydroxideÀ ǣࢍǮɰ(Fig. 5). ŚۤġНީƃş

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Fig. 5. XRD patterns for Samkwang solidified specimens.

(Qz :Quartz, Pd : Portlandite, Cm : Calcium Aluminum Mesitylene Sulfonate Hydrate, Ch : Calcium Hydroxide)

Fig. 6. XRD patterns for Guemjang solidified specimens.

(Ni : Nimesite, Qz : Quartz, Ch : Calcium Hydroxide, Pd : Portlandite, Nm : Nimite-1MIIb).

XRD क़ࡾқԵĀę Nimesite, Quartz, Calcium Hydroxide, PortlanditeٮNimite-1MIIbÀǣࢍǮɰ(Fig. 6). ֨ϯ࣡

սজНۍC-S-HćۆϿ˜սজНڹ100GۋॠقԴԦ

Ձʼϸҝ؋܁ॢ۹Ā܁ԜڷͿXRD қԵقԴəধۼ

peakεঝ֬০ĵқॣսػرXRD қԵقԴəǣࢍǣ ݓ ؍ؕɰ(Chang et al., 1988).

ؓ߹Ìʪ

Čজߕəێ܁ÌʪۋԜۋʼرآ ŒَںٚѓॠČ

ъڿशϸۺںÇՙ֨࢈սەڷ϶ۤşۺۍ؋܁Ձں

صںսەɰ. दşНěνѪق˰βϸęäق2.1 MPa ۆÌʪÀϼ֨ʼرٵڷǣইۦÌʪşܵڹԑ܃ʼؽ Č, 1 m³ ɾ150 kgۆ֨ϯ࣡εԐڌॠʪ΀ॠəşܵχ

ϼ֨ʼرەɰ(Ministry of Environment, 2010). ٍ҆ĵ قԴəČজߕۆѕ०ęتԦѪںKS F 2329(2002) ş

ܵڷͿսॱॠČێ߹ؓ߹ÌʪşܵںйĶEPAۆद şНϔςńČşܵۍ0.35 MPaͿ࢘ॠٕɰ. Čজߕε

ঔ०Ҽڱق˰͆ÁÁ2Ò؂܃ۚॠيUTM(Universal Testing Machine)ںۋڌॠيKS F 2405(2005)ق˰͆

ő܁ʽ ѓѪڷͿ ێ߹ؓ߹Ìʪε ࠑ܁ॠٕɰ.

Shirasaka et al.(1996)ۆ֬ॹĀęܼŚ՚ں॥ڮॢ֨

ϯ࣡əսজЃ࢐قйՃėŕۋݒÀॠيÌʪÀ۹ॠʽ ɰČॠٕݓχ, Ìʪ֨ॹĀęϿ˜ġНީƃşقԴथ Œێ߹ؓ߹ÌʪÀйĶEPAۆदşНϔςńČşܵۍ

0.35 MPa εχܔॠəÌʪεǣࢍǴؽɰ(Table 3). ۋ əࠞԜۋǣܳԜۆق࣡οۙۋ࣡Ā܁ڹϿՃěėŕ

ܼقԴ3޲ڙۺڷͿ঍Ձʼəìقۆ३Čজߕܓݔۆ

࠘нজٮʴ֨قڮνսۆĀ०սͿۆѺজقşۍॠə

ێԓս͟(鐳楞瀯闊; dispersive water contents)ۆÇՙͿ

ۍॠيæܓս߹ںێڷࢅşرͲڍдͿؓ߹ÌʪÀݒ Àʽɰ(Jeun and Song, 2000). ̚ॢ֨ϯ࣡ۆ॥͟ۋψ ںս΀ ėŕۋ ۺر܋ Ìʪ Éۋ ࠶ݕɰ.

ܼŚ՚ڌ߻֨ॹ

ġНީƃşəġԓ҃؋Ѫ֨ॱő࠙܃240ܓقۆä ॠيġغदşНͿқΪʼرەڷ϶, ʴѪ֨ॱő࠙܃

240ܓф241ܓقԴŔقʂॢěνεő܁ॠČەɰ.

Ŕ͠ǣইۦदşНěνѪقԴəदşНͿԴۆġНީ

ƃşقʂॢѻʪۆő܁ڹػə֬܁ۋɰ(Ministry of Knowledge Economy, 2010). दşН ěνѪ ֨ॱő࠙

ق˰βϸ܃18ܓۆ2ő܁قԴ؋܁জ̚əČ঍জߌ νНںݓ܁दşНͿő܁ॠČەڷ϶, Ŕ͠ॢݓ܁दş Нقʂॢڮ३Нݗ॥ڮşܵںʴѪ܃2ܓۆ1२ۆѻ श1ق܃֨ॠٕɰ(Ministry of Environment, 2010). ˰

͆Դٍ҆ĵقԴəČ঍জߌν঳ۆܼŚ՚ڌ߻֨ॹ ں दşНė܁֨ॹѪڷͿ ֬֨ॠٕڷ϶, दşНěνѪ

֨ॱő࠙قԴ܃֨ॠČەəݓ܁दşНڮ३Нݗşܵ

ę Ҽİॠٕɰ.

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Table 3. Uniaxial compressive strengths of the solidified tailing specimens

Sampled mine Mixing ratios Average of UCS strengths

(Unit: MPa)

Tailing Cement Water

Samkwang

6 4 0.6 28.289

7 3 0.6 15.483

8 2 0.6 7.604

Geumjang

6 4 0.6 29.796

7 3 0.6 15.551

8 2 0.6 9.919

Table 4. Heavy elemental concentration in solidified tailing specimens according to the Korean standard leaching procedure (KSLP)

Sampled Mine Mixing ratios (Tailing : Cement)

Heavy elemental concentration(Unit: mg/kg, ppm)

As Cd Cu Pb Zn

Samkwang

6 : 4 0.012 0.008 0.008 N.D. N.D.

7 : 3 0.011 0.003 0.023 N.D. N.D.

8 : 2 0.019 0.006 0.014 N.D. N.D.

Geumjang

6 : 4 0.009 0.001 0.021 0.164 N.D.

7 : 3 0.011 0.001 0.009 0.027 N.D.

8 : 2 0.011 0.001 0.025 0.011 N.D.

Toxicity criteria of KSLP 1.5 0.3 3 3 N/A

* N.D.: Not Detected, detection limit < 1 ppb, N/A: Not Applicable

ԘġġНީƃşəAsۆąڍ2.86 mg/kg, ŚۤġНީ

ƃşəCuۆąڍ0.49 mg/kg, Pbۆąڍ4.41 mg/kgͿ

ݓ܁दşНڮ३Нݗşܵںߣęॠيê߻ʼؽݓχ, Č জߕۆܼŚ՚ڌ߻֨ॹĀęڙ֨ΒقҼॠيই۹০

ǰڹܼŚ՚ȬʪεǣࢍǴؽڷ϶, ˃ġНީƃşϿ˃

قԴݓ܁दşНڮ३НݗşܵۋॠۆȬʪͿÇՙॠٕ

ɰ(Table 4). ZnۆąڍदşНڮ३Нݗşܵۋ܃֨ʼ ݓ؍ڹԜࢗۋǣ ê߻ʼݓ ؍ؕɰ.

Ā΁

Ԙġġԓę Śۤġԓں ʂԜڷͿ ܼŚ՚ ١ّġНީ

ƃşۆČ঍জߌνѪÒьںڦ३प͔ࣥ˚֨ϯ࣡εܳ

Čজ܃ͿԐڌॠيČ঍জߌνॢČজߕقʂॢ֨ॹں

ࣀॠي ɰڼęÏڹ Ā΁ں صؽɰ.

1. ġНީƃşٮ֨ϯ࣡ČজߕۆSEM қԵĀęࠞԜ

঍ࢗۆ ق࣡οۙۋ࣡ٮ گÁࣺԜ঍ࢗۆ ϿȤԺग ۋ࣡, ԽڮԜۆ C-S-HÀԦՁʿں ঝۍ॰ɰ.

2. ġНީƃşٮ֨ϯ࣡Čজߕۆؓ߹Ìʪə֨ϯ࣡

ۆҼڱۋۺںս΀ÇՙॠČ, ֨ϯ࣡ۆҼڱۋÀ

ۤۺڹ ֬ॹقԴԘġġԓġНީƃşə7.6 MPa, ŚۤġԓġНީäşə9.9 MPaͿйĶEPA ϔς ńČşܵۍ0.35 MPaںχܔॠٕɰ.

3.दşНė܁֨ॹѪقԴ܃֨ॢڌ߻֨ॹѓѪق˰͆

֨ϯ࣡ČজߕۆAs, Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb ۆܼŚ՚ڌ

߻֨ॹں֬֨ॢĀęČ঍জߌν঳Ͽ˜ঔ०Ҽ ڱقԴܼŚ՚ڌ߻ȬʪÀݓ܁दşНڮ३Нݗş

ܵ ۋॠۆ ȬʪͿÇՙॠٕɰ.

4. दŚ՚ġԓġНީƃşۆ֨ϯ࣡Č঍জߌνεࣀ ॠي ؋܁Ձں ঝۍॠٕɰ.

޷ČЛॶ

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