A Study on the Development Status and Key Technologies of Coalbed Methane

(1)

Vol. 49, No. 4 O2012PG pp. 545-556

জ೶౾ࡔ೶ԧਆଭԹࢳ෮จࢫෑਕ׆২ंজ઴֜

ୋ෹ఢ

Â ଲ୨ฅ

Â ਑ఢผ

Â ଲઽ৤

Â ֫০ଵ

Â ଲ଀জ

A Study on the Development Status and Key Technologies of Coalbed Methane

Hochang Jang, Jeonghwan Lee , Changhoon Shin, Youngsoo Lee, Sunil Kwon and Wonsuk Lee

Abstract : Coalbed methane (CBM) is one of the representative areas of unconventional gas. It allows easier access for a non-oil country because, unlike conventional gas or oil reserves, CBM is not concentrated in specific major area. The importance of CBM resource is being emphasized because of its contribution in both energy resources security and greenhouse gas emissions prevention through its production and use. US and other countries, which possess coal formation have been and expected to continue producing CBM. However, Korea is at the early stage of production-related technologies and only has the basic technology to do a survey and exploration of the domestic CBM. Based on the comparison of Korea and other developed countries regarding technologies, a distinct difference can be observed. This study presents the direction of technology advances in Korea by investigating the development status and classifying the technology of CBM.

Key words :Coalbed Methane, Desorption, Cleat, Key Technologies

څ أ Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ə֪(榫)À֟ۙڙۆʂशۺۍॢқآͿԴ, şܕۆߎٍÀ֟ǣԵڮߌͤۙڙۆ

ठܼۋػرҼԓڮĶقԴʪۿŖՁۋڌۋॢ࣢ݜںÍČەɰ. óɰÀԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ÒьфԐڌں

ࣀ३قȃݓۙڙঝ҃ٮݓĵ٣Ǧজٚѓۋ͆əێԵۋܓۆমęεصںսەر߯ŖԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Òь ۆܼڅՁۋȭ؉ݓČەڷ϶, йĶںҼ΅ॢي͠Ե࢏҃ڮĶ˞ڹԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆԦԓںۋйݕॱॠČ

ەɰ. ॠݓχĶǴۆąڍ, ݓݗܓԐǣ࢒ԐşցęÏڹşߣۺۍşցڹ҃ڮॠČەڷǣ, Ԧԓěʹşցڹ

ۋ܃ߣۓɳćۋ϶, ԸݕĶęۆşցսܵҼİقԴࢀ޲ۋε҃ۍɰ. ۋقٍ҆ĵقԴəԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆ

Òьইডںࣷ؊ॠČ, Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Òьںڦॢ४֮şցںқΪ॥ڷͿ׆, ॳ঳şցÒьۻ͜ѓॳں

܃֨ॠٕɰ.

ܳڅر Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟, ࢐޳, ࢏ν, ४֮şց

2011ț12ښ13ێۿս, 2012ț3ښ22ێ֮ԐٰΒ 2012ț8ښ23ێóۦঝ܁

1) ۻǫʂॡİقȃݓۙڙėॡę 2) ॢĶÀ֟ėԐٍĵÒьڙ 3) ʴ؉ʂॡİقȃݓۙڙėॡę

4) ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙԵڮ३۹ٍĵ҆ҙ

*Corresponding Author(ۋ܁ঞ) E-mail; [email protected]

Address; Department of Energy & Resources Eng., 300 Youngbong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea

Դ΁

ڍνǣ͆ə2010țşܵՃć5ڦۆԵڮսۓĶڷͿ

قȃݓۙڙقʂॢսۓۆܕʪÀϔڍȭڹठق՚ॢɰ (Central Intelligence Agency; CIA, 2011). ȭڹսۓۆ ܕʪəĶÀą܃ۆèρʮۋʾսەڷ϶, սۓۆܕʪ

εܶۋəìڹقȃݓۙڙқآقܛԐۙॠəϿ˜ۋ

˞ۆę܃ۋşʪॠɰ. ۋεۓݒॠˢݓǦ1970țʂق

ەؽʏ˃޲ͻۆԵڮࣷʴڷͿۍॢڮÀۆԜ֧ڹĶ Àą܃ٮ ĶлԦটق ࢀ ߿üں ܳؽڷ϶, قȃݓۙڙ

ۙܳÒьۆܼڅՁںۍ֩ॣսەəćşÀʼؽɰ(ۋ ߏő, 2005). ̚ॢۻՃćۺۍقȃݓսڅۆݒÀقʪ

ҝĵॠČ, ݓǦ 50țÂşܕۆ ڮÀ֟ۻ ьþ Ҽڱڹ

Ԝɾ০ܶر˞Čەرقȃݓۙڙۆėśҙܔںߣ͒ॠ Čەڷ϶, ۋεʂߕॣ֪й͒ۙڙقʂॢě֮ۋݒÀ ॠČەɰ. Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ə֪(榫)À֟ۙڙۆʂशۺ ۍқآܼॠǣͿ, şܕۆԵڮǣߎٍÀ֟ߌͤۙڙۆ

ठܼۋ ػر ҼԓڮĶقԴʪ ۿŖՁۋ ڌۋॠɰ. ̚ॢ

տʪ ȭڹ ϭ࢏ڷͿ ۋΘر܋ ٍՙ ֨ ٣֬À֟(green house gas; GHG)ۆѓ߻͟ۋۺر޲ՃʂقȃݓڙΒ ͿܳЀыČەɰ. ইۦԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟əйĶںܼ֮

३ Ժ

(2)

Fig. 1. Structure of CBM (Trident Resources Corp, 2011).

Fig. 2. Higher rank coals generate more gas (Canadian Society for Unconventional Resources; CSUR, 2011).

ڷͿܼĶ, ঒ܳˣۆǣ͆قԴԦԓۋݕॱܼقەڷ

϶, ŔшۆԵ࢏҃ڮĶقԴÒьфԦԓںڦ३ĶÀ ۺۍ܁޾ սςۋǣٍĵÒьটʴۋݕॱʼČەɰ. ڍ νǣ͆ۆąڍ, ĶǴԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆҙܕںঝۍॠ şڦ३ĶǴԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ҙܕڮϐݓεԸ܁ॠي

ঞąथÀε֬֨ॠٕڷǣ, ݓݗф࢒ԐٮÏڹşߣۺ ۍşցں҃ڮॠəʚŔߟɰ. ۋقٍ҆ĵقԴəॳ঳

Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆÒьşցঝςфĶٽԐغ޷يε

ࣀॢقȃݓۙςںڦ३Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆÒьইডę

४֮şցںқΪॠيԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆşցÒьۻ͜

ѓॳں ܃֨ॠČۙ ॢɰ.

Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Òڅ

Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟əێъۺڷͿԵ࢏ࠗقড়޳(adsorption) ʼäǣԵ࢏ ėŕ Ǵق ۙڮÀ֟(free gas)Ϳܕۦॠə

ϭ࢏À֟εϊॠ϶, Ե࢏ġϭ࢏À֟(coal mine methane;

CMM)ǣCSG(coal seam gas)͆Čʪॢɰ. Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏

À֟əʂҙқъʚβь֟Ā०(van der Waals force)ق

ۆ३Ե࢏ںĵՁॠəڮşНݗ(organic material)قড়

޳ʼرەäǣݓࠗս(formation water)ۆؓͳقۆ३

Ե࢏ۆؒߕ(matrix) शϸقড়޳ʼرەɰ. ŔшۆÀ

֟əԵ࢏ۆؒߕǴۆۼν(fracture)ǣ࢏ν(cleat)قۙ

ڮÀ֟Ϳܕۦॠäǣ, Ե࢏ࠗǴۆݓࠗսقڌ३ʽԜ

ࢗͿ ܕۦॢɰ(Fig. 1).

Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟əϭ࢏॥͟ۋ90%ۋԜۍČुݗۆ

ϭ࢏À֟ͿԴÀ֟ՁқقডՁқۋۺر‘sweet gas'͆

Čʪॠ϶, ٍՙ֨ڮ३НݗьԦ͟ۋۺرߔ܁জԵ

ٍΒͿқΪʽɰ(Jenkins, 2008). ۋ͠ॢԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À

֟ə֩НՁڮşНںŖڙڷͿॠيݓॠ֮ҙقԴَę

ؓͳقۆॢ࢏জę܁(coalification)ںä࠘ϸԴԦՁʼ əʚ, ࢏জ܁ʪق˰δϭ࢏ۆьԦ܁ʪəFig. 2قǣ

ࢍǣەɰ. Ե࢏ڹ࢏জ܁ʪق˰͆࣢Ձںɵνॠ϶ࢹ࢏

(peat), Ä࢏(lignite), ًߔ࢏(bituminous), Иٍ࢏(anthracite) ˣۆտڷͿ࢏জÀݕॱʽɰ. ۋًܼߔ࢏قԴÀۤψ ڹϭ࢏À֟ٮق࢏фşࢍ࢏জսՙজ०НۋьԦॠ

϶, ًߔ࢏ڷͿۋΠݕԵ࢏ࠗڹԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Òь ۆ Àۤ ࢀ ě֮ʂԜۋɰ(Baatar et al., 2011).

Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Òьʴॳ

Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ҙܕ͟қप

Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟əԵ࢏ۋ࢏জę܁ںäࠜ˺ԦՁʼ əÀ֟ͿԴ, Ե࢏ۙڙۋܕۦॠəĖقԴəʂҙқज़

ٍۺڷͿܕۦॠş˺ЛقԵ࢏ۙڙۆČδқप࣢Ձق

˰͆, Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟əՃćۺڷͿġѩڦॠóϔۤʼ رەںìڷͿٚࠑʽɰ(Fig. 3). ˰͆ԴԵ࢏ں҃ڮॠ Čەə70يÒۆǣ͆ÀԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟À۠ۦ३ە ںÀɠՁںÀݓČەɰ. ՃćقԴÀۤψۋԵ࢏ںԦ ԓॠə10Òۆǣ͆ͿəܼĶ, йĶ, ۍʪ, ঒ܳ, ǫ؉॒

νࠢėজĶ, ֨͠؉, ۍʪȐ֨؉, भ͈˚, ࠢۙ৔֟࢏Ŕ νČ ࡔ΃Ҽ؉À ەڷ϶, Ե࢏ࠗ ϭ࢏À֟ ҙܕ͟ڹ

2,4008,400 Tcf(trillion cubic feet)ÀʾìڷͿࣷ؊

ʼؽɰ(Lee et al., 2007).

ۻՃćԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆҙܕ͟ڹTable 1قǣࢍ

ǦìęÏۋأ9,051 TcfͿ߸܁ʼ϶, ۋ͠ॢőϿə

şܕۆߎٍÀ֟ঝۍϔۤ͟6,534 Tcfεڕʪəφʂॢ

تۋɰ. ĶǴۆ ąڍ, 1999țҙࢢ ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ ۋԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟قʂॢ֬ॹ֬őϿۆʫۙۺٍĵ ε֨ۚڷͿĶǴԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆҙܕÀɠՁۋȭ ڹ ࢏ࠗں ʂԜڷͿ ٚҼ ࢍɾՁêࢹε ֨ॱॠٕݓχ, ҙܕ۠ۦͳۋϔڍǰڹìڷͿ҃Čʼؽɰ(чԵঞٽ, 2005; Čৠ܃ ٽ, 2008).

(3)

Fig. 3. Major coal deposits of the world (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2012).

Table 1. Distribution of worldwide unconventional gas reservoirs (Holditch, 2006)

Region CBM (Tcf) Shale gas (Tcf) Tight gas (Tcf)

North America 3,017 3,842 1,371

Latin America 39 2,117 1,293

Western Europe 157 510 353

Central and Eastern Europe 118 39 78

Former Soviet Union 3,957 627 901

Middle East and Africa 39 2,822 1,607

Centrally planned Asia and China 1,215 3,528 353

Pacific 470 2,313 705

Other Asia Pacific 0 314 549

South Asia 39 0 196

World 9,051 16,112 7,406

ĶٽÒьʴॳ

йĶۆąڍ, Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Òьߣşҙࢢ܁ҙ޲

ڙۆݓڙ܁޾ۋडߝܐڷ϶, ۋəйĶݓݗܓԐՙ(U.S.

Geological Survey; USGS), йĶÀٍ֟ĵՙ(U.S. Gas Technology Institute; GTI)ε Ҽ΅ॠي лÂ şغقū ݓٖॳںйߟɰ. ĶÀۺڷͿԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ьۻߣ ş15țÂşߣۋ΁ٍĵε߸ݕॠٕČ, Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À

֟ۙڙथÀşցÒьęʴ֨قۻЛÀتՁˣۆۍͳ ۍ॒͆ ঝ҃قݓڙں؉Ǜݓ؍ؕɰ. ࣢০, ܁ҙşěۍй ĶÀٍ֟ĵՙęйĶقȃݓҙ(U.S. Department of Energy;

DOE)قԴə Ե࢏ࠗ ϭ࢏ۙڙ ܓԐԦԓں ڦॢ Áܛ

şցÒьقؘۤՀČ, йĶӼχ؉ɦ͆ɰδǣ͆ūݓ ʪۋ˞şցںࣀ३Դϭ࢏ۙڙںܓԐԦԓॠٕɰ. ۋ

͠ॢݓڙںц࢖ڷͿ, йĶڹ1977țقԜغԦԓں֨

(4)

Fig. 5. Distribution of coal deposits in Canada and predom- inant coal rank (Smith, 1989).

Fig. 4. Development status of CBM in U.S.A. (Energy Information Administration; EIA, 2009).

ۚॠٕڷ϶, Ե࢏ࠗ ϭ࢏À֟ Òьڹ Áܛ ܁ҙ޲ڙۆ

ݓڙۋܛΒʽ1993țūݓԜɾսܵঝʂьۻॠٕɰ.

ŔĀęԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟əFig. 4ٮÏۋйĶۻًقè ߝԴÒьфԦԓۋۋΘرܐČ, 2009țşܵ, йĶۻߕ À֟ Ԧԓ͟ۆ9%ۍ1.93 TcfεԦԓॠٕɰ(Clarkson, 2010).

ࠪǣɰۆԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆҙܕ͟ڹ700 TcfÀȊ ںìڷͿ߸܁ʼ϶, Ŕܼ80%قɵॠəتۋ݇͆ş (Jurassic), і؊ş(Cretaceous) ݓݗ֨ʂۆԴҙࠪǣɰࣅ ۺқݓقϔۤʼرەČ, Ե࢏ࠗۆ࣢Ձق˰͆Scollard, Horseshoe Canyon, Belly River ࠗęMannville ࠗڷͿ

ĵқʽɰ(Smith, 1989). Scollard, Horseshoe Canyon, Belly River ࠗڹ֮ʪÀثČԵ࢏ࠗۆ˃ƍÀئڷ϶

Ե࢏ˣśۋǰڹ࣢ݜں҃ۋݓχ, Mannville ࠗڹ֮

ʪÀŪČԵ࢏ˣśۋȭڹ࣢ݜں҃ۍɰ(Fig. 5). ̚

ॢMannville ࠗۆԵ࢏ڹ800 m ۋԜۆ֮ʪقڦ࠘३

ەڷ϶֮ҙؓͳقۆ३۹Ϊࠗۆ࣊ęʪÀ5 mdͿϔ ڍǰɰ. ˰͆Դսݔ܁ںۋڌॣąڍą܃ۺۍԦԓۋ

ҝÀɠॠيսथ܁֨߸ǣɰࠗԦԓ܁ںࣀ३Դ֨ॹԦ ԓںݕॱॠČەɰ. 2000țʂۋ঳ͿԴҙࣅۺқݓε

ܼ֮ڷͿ3,000ÒۋԜں޳܁ॠٕČ, 2005țşܵڷͿ

ॠΘ150 MMcf(million cubic feet)εԦԓॠٕɰ(Gatens, 2005).

঒ܳۆąڍ, Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆۦԓńěνεԵڮ ٮێ࠘֨ࡈşܕۆߎٍÀ֟ۙڙęʴˣॢşܵںÀݓ Čěνॣսەʪ΀ॠٕڷ϶, Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ε޽࢏

ҙԓНͿ࢏ġۆьۻقԐڌॣ˺ġĵԐڌΒεϸ܃

֨ࡈܳؽɰ. ̚ॢԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ٮ޽࢏ںݓϸقԴ

ʴ֨قۚغॠəìںॴڌॠيԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆÒь ںۤͲॠٕɰ(Čৠ܃ˣ, 2008). ঒ܳʴҙݓًۆगζ ş(Permian), ࣡͆ۋ؉֟ş(Triassic) ݓݗ֨ʂۆԵ࢏қ ݓε ܼ֮ڷͿ Queensland, New south Wales ܳقԴ

߯Ŗ10țÂۙڙ࢒Ԑεݕॱ॰ɰ. ̚ॢSydeny basin, Gunnedah basin, Bowen basin, Galilee basin ˣقԴ60 يÒε޳܁ॠيŔܼ2ÒۆÀ֟܁ڹࢬ֟࣡঳Ԧԓ

܁ڷͿۋڌॠČەɰ(Fig. 6). ঒ܳÀ֟ঊধ(The Australian Gas Association)À߸܁ॢцͿə঒ܳۆԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏

(5)

Fig. 6. Basin of CBM in Eastern Austrailia (Chakhmakhchev, 2007).

À֟߸܁ҙܕ͟ڹ300500 TcfۋČ, ধսÀɠॢԵ

࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ҙܕ͟ڹইۦ120 TcfͿ߸܁ʼČەɰ.

ۋəşܕߎٍÀ֟ۆϔۤ͟ۍ140 Tcfقڕʪəսܵ

ۋ϶, ঒ܳۆۺŕۺۍԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Òьݓڙ܁޾

ں ˓ыࠞ३ ܵɰ(Ham and Kantzas, 2008).

ܼĶۆԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ÒьڹйÒьݓً̚əйÒ ьĵًۆ࢏ࠗقʂॢԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ÒьԐغںڦ

ܳͿۋΘرݓČەɰ. Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟قʂॢşցͳ

ҙܔ, ֮ҙ֨߸ˣق˰δφʂॢߣş࣊ۙҼڌ, ȭڹ

࣊ۙϿॹʪٮԜʂۺڷͿšۙ҆ধսşÂۆЛ܃۾ں

३Āॠşڦ३ٽĶ࣊ۙεۺŕڮ࠘ॠيʂٽ०ۚںࣀ

ॢۻЛąٖںܼ֬֨قەɰ. ۋεڦ३ܼĶڹ1996țق

刨葪畟恟瀞欄驋邧勶啧埳(China United Coalbed Methane Corp. Ltd; CUCBM)ںԺςॠيٽĶধԐٮ०ۚॠČ

Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆ࢒ԐҙࢢÒь, ԦԓūݓۆۻЛąٖ

ńں ॱԐॠČ ەɰ(Chakhmakhchev, 2007). 1998

2000țقəߪ6ÒۆٽĶধԐٮ11Òݓًقʂٽ०

ۚں֬֨ॠيԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟εۺŕÒьॠČەڷ

϶, 2005țقəԓԴՁQinshui ࢏ۻقԴйĶۆSanjuan

࢏ۻ҃ɰࢀʂőϿۆԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ҙܕ͟ںঝۍॢ

цەɰ(ॴʂşٮۋۦ঍, 2010). ۋшقʪՃŚڍʂ܁

޾, ġԓěνѪőٮڍʂ܁޾, Àü܁޾ęşࢍüͲܓ࠘

фěʹ܁޾ˣۆԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Òьěʹ܁޾ęѪ őεǴȮČەɰ. 2007țںşܵڷͿ2,554ÒۆԵ࢏ࠗ

ϭ࢏À֟À֟܁ں֨߸॰ڷ϶600ÒۆԦԓÀɠÀ֟

܁ں ҃ڮ॰Č ॠΘ 1,060 ࢻں Ԧԓॠٕɰ.

ĶǴইড

1999țĶǴقߌڼԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟قʂॢÒȝۋ

ՙÒʽۋ঳, 2001țقԵ࢏ࠗÒьࢍɾՁٚҼܓԐٍ

ĵε֨ۚڷͿ2005țҙࢢ2008țūݓ3țÂॢĶݓݗ

ۙڙٍĵڙںܳěڷͿĶǴԘߍ࢏ۻۆʪćġغՙݓ

ًق2Ò֨߸ėں֨ॱॠي֨Β޽ࠄфÀ֟॥ڮ͟

ࠑ܁, ėǴНνêࠗ, սؓࣷթ֨ॹ, تս֨ॹˣں֨ॱ ॠٕɰ. ۋ͠ॢٍĵεࢹʂͿٍĵÒьۍ॒͆əĵ߹

ॠٕݓχ, ĶǴقԴۆԜغۺڷͿÒьÀɠॢԵ࢏ࠗڹ

ьþॠݓЇॠٕɰ. ॢĶÀ֟ėԐə2008țЈĐ܁ҙ ٮۆԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Òьۆت३ÁԴ(memorandum of understanding; MOU)εߕĀॠي, ЈĐۆսʪۍڐ͈

ц࣡Ϳ֨ǴۍŖۆǨ͆ۋ࢏ġݓًقԴԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À

֟ۆÒьÀɠՁںঝۍॠşڦॢ࢒Ԑф֨ॹԦԓں

ćনॠيݕॱॠٕڷ϶ইۦܛΒʽԜࢗۋɰ. ̚ॢ঒

ܳۆ‘Ř͒˚֟ࢻLNG ॒Ϳ܄࣡’قݓқ15%εϔۓॠ يϔț঒ܳقԴԦԓʼəأ800χࢻۆLNG ܼ߯ʂ

350χࢻںĶǴͿėśॣսەںìڷͿٚԜʼ϶, ঒

ܳۆ ԵڮÀ֟ۙڙ ࢒Ԑغߕۍ ҸΘقȃݓۆ ݓқ

10%εϔۓॠəǴڌۆćأںߕĀॠي঒ܳʴҙݓ

ًԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۙڙÒьقۺŕ޷يܼۋɰ(іЛ Ե, 2011). ŔшقڮÀݒń֨ۤۆϿцێ՝ΘՎغߕ ۍڮل܆ڹ2009țۍʪȐ֨؉ܼؖ܁ҙۆԵڮÀ֟

ߔڷͿҙࢢۍʪȐ֨؉ǫҙࠥνχ࢏ԽۆԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏

À֟Òьńę30țԐغńںন˛ॢقȃݓۻЛÒь şغ‘ҸΘ࣯؉ۋݓ’ۆڮԜݒۙق޷ي३ݓқ51%ε

25ز ڙں ˞ي ۍսॠٕɰ.

Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆÒь

Ԧԓę܁

Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ԦԓۆÀۤࢀę܃əԵ࢏Ǵۆڮ şН қۙق ড়޳ʼرەə ϭ࢏ں মęۺڷͿ ࢐޳

(desorption)֨ࡈԦԓ܁ڷͿʪɵॠóॠəìۋɰ. ۋ

͠ॢԦԓę܁ںڮʪॠşڦ३Դəϭ࢏ۆড়࢐޳ϭ

࠶ɦݏę࢐޳ʽϭ࢏À֟ۆڮʴقʂॢ܁ঝॢۋ३À

ज़څॠɰ. Ե࢏ۆড়࢐޳قۆॢÀ֟॥ڮɠͳ(gas storage capacity)ڹ٣ʪ, ؓͳ, ࢏জ܁ʪ, Ե࢏ĵՁНݗ, սқ

॥ڮ܁ʪ, ড়޳À֟ۆՁқęԵ࢏ۆۓʪˣق˰͆Դ

Ѻজॠóʽɰ. ٣ʪÀԜ֧ॠóʼϸԵ࢏ۆÀ֟ড়޳

ϸۺۋܙ؉ݓ϶ϭ࢏À֟қۙۆقȃݓÀݒÀॠČĀ ०ͳۋأ३܋ড়޳͟ۋۺرݕɰ(Mavor, 1990). Ե࢏Ǵ ۆÀ֟Àؓͳ۹ॠق˰͆ڮşНқۙͿҙࢢ࢐޳ʼر

ۙڮÀ֟Àʾ˺ۆؓͳںےć࢐޳ؓͳ(critical desorption pressure)ۋ͆Čॠ϶, À֟Ԧԓںڦ३Դə࢏ࠗۆؓ

ͳںےć࢐޳ؓͳۋॠͿڮݓ३ܳəìۋज़սۺۋɰ (Fig. 7).

ێъۺۍԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ÒьقԴə٣ʪۆѺজق

(6)

(a) (b) (c)

Fig. 8. Transport of gas through coal. (a) Gas desorption from coal grains in the coal matrix. (b) Step 1: diffusion through the primary porosity system to the cleat system. (c) Step 2: Poiseuille flow through the cleat system to production wells (Accessscience, 2011).

Fig. 7. Reservoir pressure in this undersaturated reservoir (66% saturated) must be reduced by 850 psi before the critical desorption pressure is reached and gas begins to desorb from the coal (Lamarre, 2005).

ۆॢ࢐޳ۋ؉ɨؓͳѺজεۋڌॠيϭ࢏À֟ۆ࢐޳

ں ڮʪॢɰ. ʂҙқۆ Ե࢏ࠗڹ ࣅۺę܁قԴ ԦՁʽ

ݓࠗսεप॥ॠČەČ, Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Òь֨قԵ

࢏ࠗقप॥ʽݓࠗսεԦԓॠيԵ࢏ࠗۆؓͳں̆ر

̲νČԵ࢏ࠗقড়޳ʼرەəϭ࢏À֟ε࢐޳֨ࢇɰ.

ۋəێ܁ॢ٣ʪॠقԴؓͳɳćۆѺজق˰δԵ࢏

ǴÀ֟॥ڮɠͳۆѺজε؎؉Ǵə͚Яرۆড়޳ˣ٣ Ը(Langmuir adsorption isotherm)ق ۆ३Դ Ժϼʽɰ (Yu et al., 2007). ŔνČ࢐޳ʼرڮνԜࢗͿܕۦॠ əϭ࢏À֟əşߕٮşߕԐۋۆȬʪ޲ۋقۆॢঝ ԓ(diffusion)قۆ३ؒߕεࣀęॠČ, ؒߕεӇ܋ǣ٣

ϭ࢏À֟əŒَϐںࣀॢDarcyۆڮʴ(Darcy's flow) ق ۆ३Ԧԓ܁ق ʪɵॠó ʽɰ(Fig. 8).

Ԧԓ࣢ݜ

Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟əşܕۆߎٍÀ֟ٮɰδԦԓ࣢ݜ ں҃ۍɰ. Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ÒьԐغڹşܕۆߎٍÀ

֟Òь֮ʪٮəɵνҼİۺߎҙقԴݕॱʽɰ. şܕ ۆߎٍÀ֟ÒьęÏۋŪڹ֮ʪقԴÒьۋݕॱʾ

ąڍ, ݓॠ֮ҙقۚڌॠəČؓڷͿۍ३À֟ۆڮʴ ąͿÀφঅڙটॢڮʴۋێرǣݓ؍ČŪڹ֮ʪق

˰δ֨߸Ҽڌۆ߸ÀͿۍ३ą܃ۺۍԦԓۋҝÀॠ ɰ. ̚ॢԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟əԦԓ঍ࢗقԴʪşܕۆߎ

ٍÀ֟ۆԦԓęəɰδ࣢ݜں҃ۍɰ. şܕۆߎٍÀ

֟əÀ֟ۆԦԓۋߣşق߯ČԦԓ͟ۋʼرӇβó

Çՙॠəъϸ, Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ə߯ČԦԓ͟ʪɵ֨

۾ūݓ֨Âۋՙڅʽɰ(Mora and Wattattenbarger, 2009).

ٚͿйĶۆԦԓąॹقۆॠϸ, ࣀԜێ܁ॢ֨Âʴ؋

Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟εԦԓॢ঳Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟܁ۆÀ֟

Ԧԓ͟ڹ۾޲؋܁জʼر߯ČԦԓ͟قʪɵॠəɳć ق ˞رԴş ֨ۚॠəʚ ۋ ߯ČԦԓ͟ڹ ێъۺڷͿ

35țʴ؋ݓ՚ʼ϶Ŕ ঳Ϳə۾޲Çՙʽɰ. ̚ॢ

Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟əÒь֨НԦԓۋ࣢ݜۺڷͿǣࢍǣ

϶, ۋεěνॠəìۋԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ÒьۆՁėي ҙεĀ܁ॢɰ(Saulsberry et al., 1996). şܕۆÀ֟ۻ قԴəߎٍÀ֟ٮНۆԦԓۋ܁ъʂۆąॳںǣࢍǴ əʚъ३, Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟əԦԓߣşقНۋ߯ʂͿ

Ԧԓʼ϶ Òьۋ ݕॱʾս΀ Ŕ تڹ ۾޲ ܶر˜ɰ (Fig. 9). ۋəԵ࢏ࠗǴقܕۦॠəݓࠗսεڍԸۺڷ ͿԦԓॠş˺Лۋɰ. Ϥ۹ݓࠗսεԦԓॠيԵ࢏ࠗ

ǴقؓͳÌॠεьԦ֨ࢇɰ. ŔνČԵ࢏ࠗقড়޳ʼ رەəϭ࢏À֟əؓͳÌॠͿۍ३࢐޳ʼرԦԓۋ

Àɠॢ ۙڮÀ֟ ঍ࢗÀ ʽɰ.

(7)

Fig. 10. Schematic drawing of CO2-ECBM (ETH Zurich, 2011).

Fig. 9. Production curve of natural gas and CBM (ۋ܁ঞ, 2009).

Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Òь४֮şց

Ե࢏ࠗ ϭ࢏À֟ۆ ێъۺۍ Ԧԓşցقə ࢐սėѪ (dewatering)ۋەڷ϶, ۋəԵ࢏ࠗقܕۦॠČەəН ںԦԓॠي࢏ࠗǴۆؓͳÌॠεࣀ३߯ܛۺڷͿԵ

࢏ࠗ ϭ࢏À֟ε Ԧԓॠə ѓѪۋɰ. ࢐սėѪڹ ߣş

À֟фНۆȬʪ, ࢏νۆėŕڱ, Ե࢏ۆ࣊ęʪ, Ԧԓ

܁Âüˣقۆ३ؓͳÌॠ՚ʪÀܓۼʽɰ. ̚ॢؓͳ Ìॠ՚ʪق˰͆Ե࢏ࠗǴϭ࢏À֟ۆ࢐޳ںܓۼॣ

սەɰ. ࢐սėѪںࣀॢԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆধսڱڹ

ێъۺڷͿ 2060%ۋɰ. Ŗ͒ق ˞رԴə Ե࢏ࠗ ϭ

࢏À֟Ԧԓşցڹşܕۆ࢐սѓѪںۺڌॠݓ؍Čۋ ԓজ࢏ՙǣݗՙÀ֟εԵ࢏ࠗقݔۿܳۓ॥ڷͿԴϭ

࢏À֟ۆԦԓݒݕ֨ࢅəşցۍECBM(Enhanced coalbed methane) ėѪۋۋڌʼČەɰ. ECBM ėѪڹۻߕ۹ Ϊࠗۆؓͳںڮݓॢ޽À֟ۆҙқؓͳںҼथ঍Ԝࢗ

εχ˞رϭ࢏À֟ۆ࢐޳ںڮʪॠəѓѪۋɰ. ECBM ėѪڹধսڱۋ7590%ۋ϶࢐սėѪقҼ३أ150%

܁ʪۆԦԓ͟ں҃ۍɰ(Kim et al., 2011). ECBM ėѪڹ

ܳۓʼəÀ֟ۆ ܛΪق ˰͆ ࡾó N2-ECBMę CO2- ECBMڷͿǣɄսەɰ. ҼڌۆࠑϸقԴݗՙεܳۓ ॠəN2-ECBMۋʌ۹ͶॠݓχԦԓ܁ūݓʪɵॠə

֨Âۋݥ؉ݗՙۆԦԓ͟ۋȭş˺ЛقԦԓʽÀ֟

قԴݗՙÀ֟ε܃äॠə߸Àۺۍқνė܁ۋज़څॠ ɰ. CO2-ECBMڹN2-ECBMقҼ३ʌ١͔Ԧԓ֨Â ۋՙڅʼݓχտʪȭڹϭ࢏À֟εԦԓ॥ڷͿԴ߸À ۺۍқνė܁ۋज़څॠݓ؍ɰ. ˰͆ԴECBMۆমڱ Ձں߯ۺজॠşڦ३ԴəۺۼॢҼڱۆݗՙٮۋԓজ

࢏ՙۆঔ०şߕεܳۓॠəìۋज़څॠ϶, ۋقʂॢ

şցÒьۋ څĵʽɰ(ԵڮÒьٍĵڙ, 2009). ECBMں ۋڌॢԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ԦԓڹÀ֟Ԧԓ֨şεؘɾţ

սەڷ϶, şܕۆ࢐սėѪԐڌ֨Ԧԓ֨şݓٍڷͿ

ۍॢɳ۾ںԜɾ০ÒԸ֨࢈սەɰ. ۋəşܕۆ࢐ս

ėѪں ۋڌॢ ϭ࢏À֟ۆ Ԧԓ҃ɰ ECBMں ۋڌॢ

Ԧԓۋ ԜغۺڷͿ ڮνॠɰə ۆйۋşʪ ॠɰ. ̚ॢ

Fig. 10قǣࢍǦCO2-ECBM ԐغڹԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟

ۆԦԓݒݕںÀ܋٤Ӽχ؉ɦ͆, ۋԓজ࢏ՙۆИÇ

߹ęěʹॠي࢏ՙѕ߻ńä͒Ԑغˣęٍćॠي߸

ݕॣսەəϔͳۺۍԐغڷͿथÀʼČەرԴॳ঳

Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ԐغۆܼڅՁۋʌڎҙÁʾՙݓÀ

ȭɰ(Michael, 2005).

ॠݓχȭڹڮ͟ڷͿۋԓজ࢏ՙεܳۓॣ˺Ե࢏ق

ড়޳ʼرەʏϭ࢏À֟ۆ࢐޳মڱۋȭ؉ݓݓχ, ۋԓ জ࢏ՙۆܳۓڹԵ࢏ۆऋ޻(swelling) ইԜںьԦ֨

࢈սەɰ. CO2-ECBMڹϭ࢏À֟҃ɰۋԓজ࢏ՙÀ

Ե࢏قড়޳ۋʌ۞ێرǣəՁݗںۋڌॠəìۋɰ.

ۋԓজ࢏ՙεԵ࢏ࠗقܳۓॣąڍ, şܕقԵ࢏قড়

޳ʼرەʏϭ࢏À֟εнرǴČԵ࢏ؒߕقড়޳ʽ ɰ. ۋͿۍ३࢐޳ʽϭ࢏À֟À࢏ν, ۼνεäߝঝ ԓ, ڮʴʼČԦԓ܁قʪɵॠóʽɰ. Ŕ͠ǣۋԓজ࢏

ՙəϭ࢏қۙεʂߕॠəę܁قԴқۙۆࡾş˺Л ق Ե࢏ ؒߕۆ ऋ޻ں À܋ٮ ࢏νÀ ɴ০ó χ˜ɰ (Karine et al., 2010). ऋ޻ইԜۋьԦॣąڍ࢏νۆ

(8)

Fig. 11. Permeability changes during CO2 injection with pressure and concentration (Karine et al., 2010).

Table 2. Classification and analysis for key technologies of CBM

४֮şց ज़څՁ/ܼڅՁ ߯Ŗ ٍĵȦЛ қԵ

ϔۤ͟थÀфԦԓՁ

қԵ şց

-ϔۤ͟ थÀə Ե࢏ࠗ ϭ࢏À֟ۆ

Ԧԓ۠ۦͳںथÀॠşڦॢۙΒ -Ե࢏ࠗ ϭ࢏À֟ Òьۆ ԐغՁں

थÀॠşڦ३ԦԓՁқԵۋज़څ -֨ॹԦԓćনںսςॠČġĵԺć

֨ ܼڅॢ ًॣ

- Flow/buildup-testεࣀ३ؓͳߎۋқԵںսॱॠٕڷ

϶, ۋεࣀ३Çՙॠəۼʂ࣊ęʪۆѺজε܁͟জ॥

(Gierhart et al., 2007)

-ԴҙࠪǣɰHorseshoe Coalsۆɳࠗbuildup-test ۙΒ εսݚॠيқԵॠٕڷ϶, ֬ॹĀęəɰࠗ֨бͪۋ Վę Ԧԓ ۙΒ қԵق ۓͳ ۙΒͿ Ԑڌʼؽڼ -ҝŒݗՁۆɰتॢ۹Ϊࠗںbuildup-testεࣀ३ڮʪ

ॠٕČɰࠗ, ۋܼėŕĵܓεԺϼ॥(Clarkson, 2009)

ϭ࢏ড়޳͟, НՁқԵ

ф in-situ Ե࢏À֟

қԵ şց

-Ե࢏ࠗۆ࣢ՁқԵڹ۹Ϊࠗ࣢Ձ জε ڦॢ ज़ս ۍۙے

-қԵşցۆսܵق˰͆ϔۤ͟थ ÀÀɵ͆ݓČŔق˰δą܃Ձق

ٖॳں ܹ

-ҋؓ(confining pressure)ԜࢗقԴঀήÀ֟, ϭ࢏À֟, ۋԓজ࢏ՙε ۋڌॠي ࣊ęʪε қԵ॥

-ҋؓںÇՙ, ݒÀ֨ࢅϸԴ࣊ęʪεࠑ܁॰ڷ϶ۋͳ ইԜ(hysteresis)εٕ҃ڷ϶, ԐڌॢÀ֟ۆ࣊ęʪə

ҋؓۋ ݒÀॣս΀ Çՙ॥ں ٕ҃ڼ(Sinisha et al., 2009)

Ե࢏ ुڦق ˰δ

isotherm correlation ʪ߻

-࣢܁ؓͳॠقԴԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ε

Ԧԓॣ˺, À֟ধսڱٚࠑ֨ज़څ -Ԧԓ܁ ۙŕۋǣ ؓͳÌॠ Ժć֨

ܼڅ

-Ե࢏قۋԓজ࢏ՙεܳۓॠي صرݕড়޳ˣ٣Ըں

ࣀ३ϭ࢏À֟ٮۋԓজ࢏ՙۆড়޳ˣ٣ԸںϿʝτ

॥(Guo and Kantzas, 2008)

-ɰتॢԵ࢏ुڦقʂ३ԴϿʝںۺڌ॰ڷ϶Иٍ࢏

قԴÀۤȭڹ۹ۤɠͳں҃ے(Garnier et al., 2011)

ɰتॢ ुڦۆ ࢏ࠗق

CO2-N2-H2S ˣۆ

ঔ०À֟ ܳۓں ࣀॢ

Ե࢏ࠗ ϭ࢏À֟

Ԧԓݒݕ şց

-࢐սėѪχڷͿԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Ԧ ԓ֨20-60%ۆধսڱںÍݓχঔ ०À֟εܳۓॣąڍধսڱݒÀ -ɰتॢुڦۆԵ࢏ࠗقঔ०À֟ε

ܳۓॠي߯ۺۆধսڱęą܃Ձں

χܔ֨ࢅə Ԧԓݒݕ şց Òь

- ECBMęCO2ݓܼüνսॱܼقėŕؓͳ, À֟॥

ڮ͟, À֟қѻقۆॢėŕέę࣊ęʪۆѺজεٚࠑ

॥(Mavor and Gunter, 2006)

-ݗՙÀ֟ٮۋԓজ࢏ՙۆܳۓںࣀॢECBM ٍĵ, ۋ ԓজ࢏ՙ սݚ ф ۹ۤ(carbon capture and storage;

CCS)ں ʴ֨ق ٍĵ॥

-Ե࢏ुڦق˰δঔ०À֟εܳۓॠϸԴԵ࢏ۆऋ޻

ۋǣ ս߹ق ěॢ ٍĵ॥

-ঔ०À֟ۆ߯ۺঔ०Ҽε؎؉Ǵş ڦ३֨бͪۋՎ ںࣀॢ࣊ęʪٮԦԓՁںқԵ॥(Karine et al., 2010) Âüۋܙ؉܋࣊ęʪۆÇՙٮܳۓমڱۆ۹Çমęε

À܋٣ɰ(Fig. 11). ݌, Ԧԓݒݕںڦ३Ե࢏ࠗقܳۓ

ॢۋԓজ࢏ՙÀ١০Ͳধսڱںǰ߻սەڷдͿۋ

͠ॢমęεѓݓॠşڦ३şցÒьںࣀॢŖ҆ۺۍ

३Ā޾ۋज़څॠɰ.

४֮şցқΪ

ٍ҆ĵقԴəԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Òьşցقʂॢ߯

ŖٍĵȦЛқԵںࢹʂͿԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆ४֮şց ںқΪॠٕɰ. ϔۤ͟थÀфԦԓՁқԵşցںप॥

ॢԵ࢏ुڦق˰δisotherm correlation ʪ߻ˣۆߪ

7ÒۆşցںқΪॠٕڷ϶Á४֮şցقʂॢज़څՁ

ф ܼڅՁں Table 2ق ܃֨ॠٕɰ.

ĶǴşցथÀ

ĶǴۆԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟قʂॢܓԐ, ࢒Ԑşցڹ҃

ڮॠČەڷǣÒьԦԓěʹşցڹۋ܃ߣۓɳćۋ ş˺ЛقĶٽʂशşցęۆşցսܵü޲εܶۋş

ڦॢѓ؋ڷͿTable 3قǣࢍǦìߌͤĶǴԵ࢏ࠗϭ

࢏À֟४֮şցÒьۆ߯ܛЀशԺ܁фथÀݓशε

܃֨ॠٕɰ.

(9)

Table 2. Classification and analysis for key technologies of CBM (Continued)

४֮şց ज़څՁ/ܼڅՁ ߯Ŗ ٍĵȦЛ қԵ

ऋ޻ق ˰δ Ե࢏ࠗ

࣢Ձ Ѻজ қԵ şց

- CO2-ECBM ėѪ Ԑڌ֨ Ե࢏ ऋ

޻ইԜьԦॠي࣊ęʪقٖॳںܹ

-ऋ޻ق˰δԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Ԧԓ Ձ Ѻজ қԵۋ ज़څ

-ؓͳѺজق˰δԵ࢏ۆ࣊ęʪѺজتԜقʂ३қԵ

॥(Mazumder, et al., 2006)

-ऋ޻ę࣊ęʪÂۆěćεϿʝτॠي࣊ęʪथÀϿ ʝں Òь॥

-֬ॹۙΒٮÒьʽ֨бͪۋՎۙΒεҼİқԵॠي

êݒ॥(Liu et al., 2011)

Ԧԓ܁ ф սբ

ࣷۋ॒͆ۍۆ ɰԜ

ɰՁқ ڮʴϿʝ Òь

-Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟əɰՁқÀ֟ۋ

϶, Ԧԓ֨ێъۺڷͿɰԜڮʴۋ

ьԦॠдͿۋεČͲॢڮʴϿʝ

Òьۋ ज़څ

-Ԧԓ܁фսբࣷۋ॒͆ۍقԴڮ ʴॠəԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ڮʴϿʝ

ٚࠑڹ ߌνė܁ Ժćق ज़څ

-սբ ֨֟ࢰ ܼ ॠۋ˚ͪۋ࣡(hydrates)ǣ ԓ(acids)ق

ěॢ ৔ζ þ֬Ձ(flow assurance; FA)ں ČͲ॥

-ɰԜɰՁқڮʴϿʝںࣀ३ڮʴϭࠢɦݏںқԵॠ

ٕڼ(Zaghloul, 2007)

-֥À֟(wet gas) ࣷۋ॒͆ۍǴقԴНěνεڦॢ߯

ۺজ Ͽʝτں սॱ॥(Carimalo et al., 2008)

ধս À֟ۆ पݚ ф

܁܃ε ڦॢ ͔॔࣡

ė܁Ժćşց

-À֟पݚ֨֟ࢰڹমڱۺۍÀ֟

ۆ ۹ۤں ڦ३ ज़څ

-ধսÀ֟܁܃, पݚ֨֟ࢰঝς ں ࣀॢ ͔॔࣡ ٍćşց ĵ߹

-ҝঝ֬ՁǴقԴÀ֟पݚ֨Ժقʂॢė܁Ժćεٍ

ĵ॥

-߸܁ۋ˓ыࠞʼəҝঝ֬ॢқԵǴقԴ߯ۺজʽÀ

֟ पݚ ė܁ԺćϿʝں Òь॥(Amin, 2009)

Table 3. Evaluation indicators and targets of key technologies

४֮şց ই ߯Č ʂश şց थÀ ݓश ߯ܛЀश

ϔۤ͟ थÀ ф ԦԓՁ

қԵ şց

ԦԓՁ қԵ şց (ExxonMobil)

-ϔۤ͟थÀфԦԓՁқԵق

ۋڌʽԵ࢏ࠗۆНՁ࠘ۆ֪΋

يҙ

-ইۤ ۙΒε ۋڌॠي ԦԓՁ

қԵ֨ॱ঳֬܃ۙΒٮۆҼ İ қԵ

-࣊ęʪ ф ԓ߻ ۍۙ ʪ߻

ϭ࢏ড়޳͟, НՁқԵф in-situ Ե࢏ࠗ ϭ࢏À֟

қԵ şց

Ե࢏À֟ қԵşց (U.S. GTI)

-ϭ࢏À֟ۆড়޳ćսʪ߻يҙ -Ե࢏ࠗۆÀ֟॥ڮ͟ࠑ܁يҙ

-ڙ֨À֟ҙܕ͟ę À޽ϔۤ͟

थÀ Àɠ يҙ

-Ե࢏࣢Ձق˰δisotherm ʪ߻

фÀ֟॥ڮ͟ںۋڌॢϔۤ͟

ԓ߻

-ܳڅ НՁ ۍۙ ʪ߻

Ե࢏ुڦق˰δisotherm correlation ʪ߻

Ե࢏࣢Ձ қԵ şց (Colorado School of

Mines)

-À֟॥ڮ͟ۆपজԜࢗ܁ʪʪ

߻ يҙ

-࢏νٮ࢏ݗНۆąćϸقԴÀ

֟ нݚԜࢗ ćԓ يҙ

-Ե࢏ुڦѻisotherm correlation ʪ߻

-Ե࢏ुڦѻ࣢܁Ԧԓؓͳॠق Դ À֟ধսڱ ٚࠑ

ɰتॢ ुڦۆ ࢏ࠗق

CO2-N2-H2Sˣۆঔ०À֟

ܳۓں ࣀॢ Ե࢏ࠗ

ϭ࢏À֟ Ԧԓݒݕ şց

Ե࢏ࠗ ϭ࢏À֟

Ԧԓݒݕ şց (REI Drilling, Inc.)

-ێъজʽঔ०À֟ҼٮԦԓՁ, ধսڱ Ҽİ

-ɰتॢ ुڦۆ Ե࢏ࠗق টڌ

Àɠ يҙ

-ঔ०À֟ ܳۓ şց ঝς -Ե࢏ࠗ ुڦق ˰δ ߯ۺজʽ

ঔ० À֟Ҽ ԓ߻

ऋ޻ق ˰δ Ե࢏ࠗ ࣢Ձ

Ѻজ қԵ şց

Ե࢏ࠗ ࣢Ձ

Ѻজ қԵ şց (U.S. GTI)

-ۋԓজ࢏ՙ ܳۓق ˰δ ऋ޻

মę Ͽʝ ʪ߻ يҙ

-Ͽʝτʽ Ե࢏ę ֬ॹں ࣀॢ

Ե࢏ۆ êݒ يҙ

-ؓͳѺজق ˰δ Ե࢏ࠗ ऋ޻

ٚࠑ

-ऋ޻قʂॢ࣊ęʪѺজڱԓ߻

Ԧԓ܁ ф սբ

ࣷۋ॒͆ۍۆ ɰԜ ɰՁқ

ڮʴϿʝ Òь

Modeling Multiphase Flow in Pipes (University of Tulsa)

-Òьʽ ڮʴϿʝę ֬܃ ڮߕ

ڮʴÂۆ Ҽİ êࢹ

-ɰԜ ɰՁқ ڮʴϿʝ ĵ߹ں

ࣀॢԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ߌνė܁

ঝς ধս À֟ۆ पݚ ф

܁܃ε ڦॢ ͔॔࣡

ė܁Ժćşց

͔॔࣡ ė܁ Ժć şց (KVK, Corporation)

-पݚф܁܃εࣀॢধսÀ֟

ۆ মڱՁ êࢹ

-ধսÀ֟܁܃, पݚ֨֟ࢰঝς ں ࣀॢ ٍ͔॔࣡ćşց ĵ߹

(10)

Ā΁ф܃س

ٍ҆ĵقԴəԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆÒьইডقʂ३ܓ ԐॠČԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Òьقज़څॢ४֮şցںқΪ ॠٕɰ. ۋεࣀ३Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟قʂॢॳ঳ۻϐф

४֮şցÒьѓॳق ʂ३ ܃֨ॠٕɰ.

1.ۻՃćۺڷͿأ9,051 TcfÀϔۤʼرەəԵ࢏

ࠗϭ࢏À֟əйĶۋܳʪॠيۙڙÒьںݕॱܼق

ەČ, ۋйԜغজقՁėॢԜࢗۋɰ. ʂशۺۍԵ࢏ࠗ

ϭ࢏À֟ԦԓĶÀͿəйĶ, ܼĶ, ঒ܳˣۋەɰ. ٣

֬À֟ѕ߻ő܃ٮۋԓজ࢏ՙѕ߻ńä͒֨ॱۋė֩

জʼϸԴԵ࢏҃ڮĶ˞ڹĶ܃٣֬À֟ѕ߻ő܃قʂ ߌॠČقȃݓۙڙঝ҃εڦ३Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Òьق

ʂॢ ࣊ۙ ф ԐغঝʂÀ ێرǨ ìڷͿ ۻϐʽɰ.

2.Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ۆÒь४֮şցںқΪॠşڦ३

߯ŖԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟Òьşցقʂॢज़څՁ, ܼڅՁ,

߯ŖٍĵȦЛʴॳںқԵॠٕɰ. қԵॢĀęεц࢖

ڷͿԵ࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ϔۤ͟थÀфԦԓՁқԵںप

॥ॢ ߪ 7Òۆ ४֮şցں қΪॠٕɰ. ইۦ ĶǴقԴ

҃ڮॠČەə४֮şցڹĶٽ߯ČսܵۆşցęҼ İॠيࢀü޲εٕ҃ڷ϶, ॳ঳Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟şց Òьںڦ३ԴəĶÀۆ܁޾ۺۍݓڙęʌҝرĶٽ

Ըݕşغ˞ęۆėʴԐغ޷ي, şցÒьۻЛۍͳت Ձˣۆɳşфܼۤşۺۍۻ͜ߕćεĵ߹ॠيٍ

ĵф ࣊ۙ ঝʂÀज़څॣ ìڷͿ ࣺɳʽɰ.

ԐԐ

ۋ ٍĵə ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ ҙߌےИ঍ Ԑغۍ

“ۍʪȐ֨؉Ե࢏ࠗϭ࢏À֟ԦԓфथÀşցÒь”ۆ

ێঞڷͿսॱʼؽڷ϶, ۋقÇԐ˚ςɦɰ.

޷ČЛॶ

ճ็୪, ճլজ, ճܛఛ, ׆଀ছ, ׌஺ฅ, ׌࣫శ, ׌೾็, ࢮজฅ, ࢮ଴ฃ, સࣦ૴, ଲ਎֜, ଲ਎ߜ, ౖ࣐ઽ, จপ෹, 2008, “জ೶౾ࡔ೶ԧਆୀ଀(CBM) ೹ॷԹࢳ,”஺ਐլ ୪ऀ ౖஂ࣪ճছ.

ࢮজฅ, ׌࣫శ, ճ็୍, ౖন૳, จপ෹, ଲ଀জ, ਕࣦ૗, 2005, “֝ٛজ೶౾ࡔ೶ୀ଀(CBM)ଭԹࢳ೴ۥনࢫլ ୪নඌԧ ׆ฏ઴֜,” ॺડୀ଀ऀ ౖஂ࣪ճছ.

ࢽࢂজ, 2011, “णୢധԧਆୀ଀ࢫ෉֝ԧਆվॷଭॷડ

෮จ,” ෉֝஺֜ਏਆഗվ෈ฎ஺,୪48֫4෹, pp. 532-537.

জକԹࢳ଀, 2009, “ECBM: জ೶౾ԧਆ঍ॺ਑׆࣑,” ਑

׆২ܛේ࣪ճ, pp. 1-4.

ଲ୨ฅ, 2009, “ැ૤জ೶౾ԧਆ(CBM) ׆২Թࢳܛේࢫ

ୢ࠷,” ැ૤ୀ଀Թࢳਕඑ஺ઠ ࢳඝு, ැ૤ୀ଀Թࢳ෱

ฎ, JWࡔࠤઘൈ෹ഖ, ছ૷, 12ଁ 2ଵ, pp. 127-143.

ଲశָ, 2005, “ැ૤জକԹࢳॷડଭࢂ୪୥ࢫ୨థࢺේ,”

෉֝஺֜ਏਆഗվ෈ฎ஺, ୪42֫ 3෹, p. 193.

ෛ۩׆, ଲ୍෴, 2010, “ఙপ۩઩٪஺ਏ۩஼଺ଡ଍෉ण

୍޹઩٪஺ୀ଀,”෉֝஺֜ਏਆഗվ෈ฎ஺,୪47֫6෹, pp. 978-981.

Accessscience, 2011.11.28, http://accessscience.com/content/

Coalbed%20methane/757500.

Amin, E., Christopher, J. and Larry W. L., 2009, “Gas Storage Facility Design Under Uncertainty.” SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Louisiana, New Orleans, U.S.A., October 4-7, pp. 2-14.

Baatar, A., Kim Y. W., Han, J. M., Lee, J. H. and Beak, Y. S., 2011, “Status of Coalbed Methane Development in Lignite Coal Deposits,” ୪97ฎ෉֝஺֜ਏਆഗվ෈

ฎࢳඝڍࢂு,෉֝஺֜ਏਆഗվ෈ฎ, Գ଀޻݁ಟࣗ঵

෹ഖ, Գ଀ܑ, 9ଁ 21ଵ, p. 184.

Canadian Society for Unconventional Resources, 2011.11.

07, http://www. csur.com/images/URTI/resources_13A.jpg.

Carimalo, F., Fouché, I., Hauguel, R., Campaignlle, X., Chrétien, T. and Meyer, M., 2008, “Flow Modeling to Optimize Wet Gas Pipeline Water Management,” CORROSION 2008 Conference & Expo, NACE International, New Orlenas, L.A., U.S.A., March 16-20, pp. 1-3.

Central Intelligence Agency, 2011, The World Factbook, Potomac Books.

Chakhmakhchev, A., 2007, “Worldwide Coalbed Methane Overview,” SPE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Dallas, Texas, April 1-3, pp. 1-5.

Clarkson, C. R., 2010, “Coalbed Methane: Current Evaluation Methods, Future Technical Challenges,” SPE Unconventional Gas Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., February 23-25, pp. 1-2.

Clarkson, C. R., 2009, “Case Study: Production Data and Pressure Transient Analysis of Horseshoe Canyon CBM Wells,” SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, Vol.

48, No. 10, pp. 27-37.

Energy Information Administration Based on Data from USGS and Various Published Studies, 2009, Coalbed Methane Field, Lower 48 States, EIA.

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2012.3.13, http://www.britannica.

com/EBchecked/topic/ 122863/coal/50690/World-distribution- of-coal.

ETH Zurich, 2011.11.07, http://www.ipe.ethz.ch/laboratories/

spl/research/adsorpt ion/project03/box_feeder/ECBM?hires.

(11)

Gatens, M., 2005, “Coalbed Methane Development: Practices and Progress in Canada,” Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol. 44, No. 8, pp. 1-2.

Garnier, C., Finqueneisel, G., Zimny, T., Pokryszak, Z., Lafortune, S., Defossez, P. D. C. and Gaucher, E. C., 2011, “Selection of Coals of Different Maturities for CO2

Storage by Modeling of CH4 and CO2 Adsorption Isotherms,”

International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 87, Issue 2, pp. 80-86.

Gierhart, R. R., Clarkson, C. R. and Seidle, J. P., 2007,

“Spatial Variation of San Juan Basin Fruitland Coalbed Methane Pressure Dependent Permeability: Magnitude and Functional Form,” International Petroleum Technology Conference, The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Dubai, U.A.E., December 4-6, pp. 1-3.

Guo, R. and Kantzas, A., 2008, “Modelling the Miscible Displacement in CO-ECBM Using the Convection- Dispersion with Adsorption Model,” Canadian International Petroleum Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, June 17-19, pp. 2-5.

Ham, Y. and Kantzas A., 2008, “Development of Coalbed Methane in Australia: Unique Approaches and Tools,”

CIPC/SPE Gas Technology Symposium 2008 Joint Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, June 16-19, pp. 1-5.

Holditch, S. A., 2006, “Tight Gas Sands,” Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 58, No. 6, p. 88.

Jenkins, C. D. and Boyer, C. M., 2008, “Coalbed- and Shale- Gas Reservoirs,” Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol.

60, No. 2, p. 92.

Karine, S., Anne, O. and Nino, R., 2010, “Enhanced Gas Recovery and CO2 Storage in Coalbed-Methane Reservoirs:

Optimized Injected-Gas Composition for Mature Basins of Various Coal Rank,” SPE International Conference on CO2 Capture, Storage, and Utilization, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., November 10-12, pp. 2-4.

Kim, K. H., Kim, S. J., Lee, M. K. and Sung, W. M., 2011,

“The Effect of CO2-CH4 Sorption Phenomena on Methane Recovery of Coalbed Methane,” Geosystem Engineering, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 127-133.

Lamarre, R. A., 2005, “Undersaturation in Coal: How does it happen and why is it important,” Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists Coalbed Methane Symposium, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, Denver, CO., U.S.A., June 30, p. 8.

Lee, R. R., Andrew, G., John, J. H., David, J. O. and Daniel, H. Y., 2007, Hardtruths [monograph on CD-ROM], National Petroleum Council.

Liu, J., Wang, J., Chen, Z., Wang, S., Elsworth, D. and

Jiang, Y., 2011, “Impact of Transition from Local Swelling to Macro Swelling on the Evolution of Coal Permeability,”

International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol. 88, Issue 1, pp. 31-40.

Mavor, M. J., 1990, “Measurement and Evaluation of Coal Sorption Isotherm Data,” SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Society of Petroleum Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana, September 23-26, pp. 23-26.

Mavor, M. J. and Gunter, W. D., 2006, “Secondary Porosity and Permeability of Coal vs. Gas Composition and Pressure,”

SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 1-5.

Mazumder, S., Karnik, A. and Heinz, K., 2006, “Swelling of Coal in Response to CO2 Sequestration for ECBM and Its Effect on Fracture Permeability,” SPE Journal, Vol.

11, No. 3, pp. 2-8.

Michae, G. J., 2005, “RFP8 - Coal Bed Methane Production

& CO2 Storage: the Win-Win Association?,” 18th World Petroleum Congress, World Petroleum Congress, Johannesburg, South Africa, September 25-29, pp. 7-8.

Mora, C. A. and Wattattenbarger, R. A., 2009, “Comparison of Computation Methods for CBM Performance,” Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol. 48, No. 4, pp.

1-2.

Saulsberry, J. L., Schafer, P. S. and Schraufngel, R. A., 1996, A Guid to Coalbed Methane Reservoir Engineering, Gas Research Institute Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A., Chapter 8, pp. 1-3.

Sinisha, A. J., Robert, T. M. and Duane, H. S., 2009,

“Permeability Variations in Upper Freeport Coal Cores Due to Changes in Effective Stress and Sorption,” SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Louisiana, New Orleans, U.S.A., October 4-7, pp. 1-5.

Smith, G., 1989, Coal Resources of Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, pp. 18-20.

Trident Resources Corp., 2011.11.07, http://www.tridentex ploration.ca/DisplayLinkNGC.asp?LinkID=11.

Yu, H., Zhou, L., Guo, W., Cheng, J. and Hu, Q., 2008,

“Predictions of the Adsorption Equilibrium of Methane/

Carbon Dioxide Binary Gas on Coals Using Langmuir and Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory under Feed Gas Conditions,” International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol.

73, Issue 2, pp. 115-129.

Zaghloul J., 2007, “Compositional Modeling of Two-Phase (Gas/Water) Flow in Gathering and Transmission Pipeline Systems,” Eastern Regional Meeting, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Lexington, Kentuchky, U.S.A., October 17-19, pp. 2-4.

(12)