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2021
COOPERATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA IN THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA
PERFORMANCE REPORT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD 14
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 15
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 20
1.1 History of Korea’s ODA and its Commitment for Sustainable Development 20 1.2 Performance of Korea’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) 21
Chapter 2: KOREA-UGANDA COOPERATION 24
2.1 Economic and Development cooperation 24
2.2 Korean Partnership strategy and Uganda’s National Development Strategy 26
2.3 Overview of Korea ODA performance in Uganda 29
2.4 Establishments of Korean Operations 30
Chapter 3: PROJECT PERFORMANCE AND CHALLENGES 34
3.1 Rural development and sustainability 34
3.1.1 Agricultural development 35
3.1.2 Value Addition 38
3.1.2.1 Dairy 38
3.1.2.2 Poultry 40
3.1.2.3 Fruit Factory and Orange Production 43
3.1.2.4 Grain Factory 46
3.1.2.5 Vegetable production 46
3.1.2.6 Potato Seed Production 48
3.1.3 Sustainable Model Village Projects (ESMV) 57
3.1.3.1 Rural Financing 59
3.2 Health care Management 61
3.2.1 Reproductive, Maternal and Child health 64
3.2.2 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 65
3.3 Education 69
3.3.1 Skills development 70
3.3.2 Capacity development (Scholarships and fellowships) 74
3.3.2.1 Volunteer programs 77
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3.4 Infrastructure Development 79
3.4.1 Transport sector 79
3.4.1.1 Air transport 79
3.4.2 Green Growth (Solid waste and Fecal Sludge Management) infrastructure 81
3.4.3 Information Communication and Technology (ICT) 82
3.5 Humanitarian and Refugee response 83
3.6 People-to-People exchanges 88
3.6.1 Cultural events 88
3.6.2 Exchange teams (teachers, students) 89
3.6.3 Korean-Uganda business community 89
Chapter 4: Korean-Uganda Development and cooperation outlook 2021/25 90
4.1 Development and Cooperation strategies and priorities 90
4.1.1 Korean strategies and priorities 90
4.1.2 Uganda strategies and priorities 90
4.2 Project Status 90
Chapter 5: Korean NGOs operating in Uganda 95
5.1 Korea International Development NGOs Association in Uganda 95
5.2 Africa Future Fellowship 96
5.2.1 Emergency support for COVID 19 Treatment and distribution of facemask 96
5.3 Better World 97
5.3.1 Chicken Farm Project 97
5.3.2 Palorinya Water Supply System 98
5.3.3 School Feeding Program 98
5.4 Dail Social Welfare Foundation 99
5.4.1 Education Support Project 99
5.4.2 Health Care Support Project 100
5.5 Good Neighbors 100
5.5.1 Stand Firm Social Economic Empowerment for Women 101
5.5.2 Skills for youth development 101
5.5.3 Olok Community Development Project 101
5.6 Good Partners Uganda 102
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5.6.1 WASH Improvement Project 102
5.6.2 Income Generating through Livestock Bank Project 102
5.7 Good People International 103
5.7.1 Education Support Project 103
5.7.2 Maternal and Child Health Care and Nutrition Improvement 103
5.8 Hope is Education International 105
5.8.1 Improving quality education of public primary school through school consulting 105 5.8.2 Empowerment of self-reliance of Women in vulnerable groups and Building of platform
for sharing global value through MOM center 105
5.8.3 Reinforcement on school health capacity for the prevention of infectious disease 106
5.9 International Development Institute Uganda (KFHI) 107
5.9.1 CFCT Kamuli 108
5.9.2 Agricultural project utilizing renewable energy for farm income generation 108
5.9.3 Green Light Project (GLP) 109
5.10 Loving Concern International 110
5.10.1 Solar Optimum Appropriate Technology Value Chain Set-up Project in Uganda 110
5.10.2 Natural Poultry Project in Uganda 110
5.11 Team and Team Africa 111
5.11.1 WASH Improvement Project for Waterborne Disease Control 111
5.12 Vision Care Amaaso Uganda 112
5.12.1 Prevention of blindness and promotion of eye-care health 112
5.13 World Vision 113
5.13.1 Mayuge NTD Elimination (MANE) Project 113
5.13.2 Uganda KOICA BEST 113
5 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AfDB African Development Bank
BTVET Business, Technical, Vocational Education and Training CIAT Capacity Improvement and Advancement for Tomorrow CIDC Committee for International Development Cooperation COVID-19 Corona Virus Pandemic
CPS Country Partnership Strategy
CRRF Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework CTS Creative Technology Solutions
DAC Development Assistance Committee EAC East African Community
EDCF Economic Development Cooperation Fund EDPF Economic Development Promotion Fund EIA Entebbe International Airport
EMIS Education Management Information System ESMV Establishment of the Sustainable Model Villages GBV Gender-Based Violence
GDP Gross Domestic Product GNI Gross National Income GoU Government of Uganda
IADCC International Agriculture Development and Cooperation Center, Korea IBS Inclusive Business Solutions
ICT Information Communication and Technology
KFCC Korean Federation for Community Credit Cooperatives KNU Kyungpook National University
KOAFEC Korean-Africa Economic Cooperation KOCU KOICA Club of Uganda
KOFIH Korea Foundation for International HealthCare KOICA Korea International Cooperation Agency KOPIA Korea Program on International Agriculture KOV Korea Overseas Volunteer
MAAIF Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industries and Fisheries, Uganda MEMD Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development, Uganda
MFPED Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, Uganda MoES Ministry of Education Science and Sports, Uganda
MoFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Uganda MoH Ministry of Health, Uganda
MoSTI Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Uganda MoTIC Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Cooperatives, Uganda MoU Memorandum of Understanding
6 MoWT Ministry of Works and Transport, Uganda
MT Metric Tone
MUARIK Makerere University Agriculture Research Institute Kabanyolo NaCRRI National Crops Resources Research Institute, Uganda
NAGRC&DB National Animal Resource Centre and Databank, Uganda NARL National Agriculture Research Laboratories, Uganda NARO National Agriculture Research Organization, Uganda NTRL National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Uganda NDP National Development Plan, Uganda
NFLC National Farmers’ Leadership Center, Uganda NRF National Research Foundation of Korea
NTVTI Ntinda Training and Vocational Institute, Uganda ODA Official Development Assistance
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OPM Office of the Prime Minister, Uganda
RDA Rural Development Administration of the Republic of Korea ROK Republic of Korea
SANAS South African Accreditation Agency
SDGs United Nations Sustainable Development Goals SMCs School Management Committees
STEPI Korea Science and Technology Policy Institute TEFCU Teso Farmers’ Cooperative Union
UBOS Uganda Bureau of Statistics UCAA Uganda Civil Aviation Authority UCI Uganda Cancer Institute
UDC Uganda Development Corporation UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFPA United Nations Population Fund
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Fund
UNSCT Uganda National Council for Science and Technology USD United States Dollar
VHT Village Health Teams
VSLAs Village Savings and Loans Associations WFK World Friends of Korea
WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization
ZARDI Zonal Agricultural Research Development Institute
7 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Korean Official Development Assistance flows in volumes……… 22
Figure 1.2: Korean Official Development Assistance as a share of the Gross National Income………....23
Figure 2.1: The Korean partnership strategy alignment to Uganda's Development Agenda……….. 27
Figure 2.2: Korea ODA flow to the Ugandan Economy………. 29
Figure 2.3: Korean ODA technical and humanitarian cooperation trends……….. 29
Figure 3.1: Improvements of the Pilot and Demonstration operations………... 36
Figure 3.2: Agriculture and manufacture value add as a share of GDP in Uganda……… 38
Figure 3.3: Poultry units and drying chicken shed at Kabanyolo ……… 43
Figure 3.4: Poultry units and drying chicken shed at Kabanyolo……… 45
Figure 3.5: Improvement in citrus fruit production after Carbendazim-Tebuconazole-Copper application ………... 49
Figure 3.6: Potato seed supply requirements projection with selected EAC countries………... 50
Figure 3.7: Total quality potato seed (100kg bag) distributed per year……….. 52
Figure 3.8: Production of early generation potato seeds………. 53
Figure 3.9: Amount of Nuclear potato seed production using screen house technology……… 53
Figure 3.10: Seed demonstrations managed by Farmer groups in Kigezi and Rwenzori region………… 61
Figure 3.11: Emergency Care Framework……….. 82
Figure 3.12: Project site within the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area……….. 89
Figure 4.1: Map showing Korean projects in Uganda by category………. 94
8 LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1: Farmer groups trained crop variety production………. 42
Table 3.2: Farmer Groups trained in Kigezi region……… 54
Table 3.3: Farmer Groups trained in Rwenzori region……… 55
Table 3.4: Status of latrines completed and under construction in the targeted schools………. 67
Table 3.5: Pupil stance ratio in the targeted primary and secondary schools………. 68
Table 3.6: Student enrolment at Ntinda Vocational and Training Institute (2018-2019)………... 72
Table 3.7: Graduated students in 2018……… 72
Table 3.8: Number of student graduates in short courses in 2019 at NVTI……… 73
Table 3.9: Total number of health workers trained under Dr. Lee Jong-Wook Fellowship………... 74
Table 3.10: Categories of Capacity Improvement and Advancement for Tomorrow program…………... 76
Table 3.11: Volunteer Placement by sector in Uganda………. 78
Table 3.12: Status of the modernization and automation of the Entebbe International Airport…………. 80
Table 4.1: New projects to be implemented in Uganda……….. 91
Table 4.2: Projects in progress in Uganda………... 91
Table 4.3: Projects Implemented in Uganda ………. 92
Table 4.4: Completed Projects in Uganda ………..93
9 KOICA (Korea International Cooperation Agency)
The Embassy of the Republic of Korea in Uganda
Team Korea
10 KOPIA (KOrea Program on International Agriculture)
KOFIH (Korea Foundation for International HealthCare)
11 NFLC(National Farmer Leadership Center)
KOICA- ESMV (Establishment of Saemaul Model Villages project)
KOPIA- tomato transplanting KOFIH- Emergency Demonstration
Projects
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Better World
Project (NGOs)
Dail Social Welfare FoundationAfrica Future Fellowship
International Development Institute Uganda(KFHI)
Good People International
Good Partners
13 Loving Concern International Uganda
Vision Care Amaaso Uganda
Good Neighbors →
Hope is Education International
World Vision
Better World
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FOREWORD
In a span of 50 years, the Republic of Korea transformed itself from a low developed country to a highly developed one. It is the true testimony of a country that has emerged from a history of impoverishment to become one of the leading development support countries in the world. We, therefore, seek to share the valuable lessons of our socio-economic journey with our friends here in Uganda.
This report shows that various projects supported by the Korean government have been completed and successfully handed over to the Ugandan government. This report also would become an invaluable catalyst for meeting needs of human development of the target group of Ugandans I wish to applaud the teamwork that went into the whole ODA bodies including NGOs. We are also pleased to be partners with Uganda in harnessing the full human potential of her people.
I hope that this collection of data and stories provides you with a clear understanding of the collaboration of both countries. I look forward to you grasping hands with the Korean government so that its objectives won’t get lost in the future.
Thank you very much.
Byung Kyoo Ha Ambassador
Embassy of the Republic of Korea
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Performance of Korean Cooperation in Uganda (PKC-U) report examines the performance of bilateral development cooperation from the Korean government on the Ugandan economy. Since 2010, both countries have signed a number of Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs) to further strengthen their bilateral relations in 10 key sectors. The report also analyses the Official Development Assistance (ODA) growth trends particularly for Uganda and the performance of various implemented projects along with the Korea Country Partnership Strategy for Uganda (hereinafter referred to as CPS) thematic areas and priorities. The CPS strategic areas and priorities are in line with Uganda’s Development Agenda, Vision 2040, the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Third National Development Plan (NDP3) 2020/21-2024/25.
Official Development Assistance growth trends
Korea widened its development cooperation policy especially in Africa and has taken the leading role in advancing the global development agenda. Considering the fact that Official Development Assistance plays a significant role in advancing economic and social development agendas, the Korean government prioritized Uganda as one of the ODA core partner countries. Using the new grant equivalent methodology, in 2018, Korea’s total ODA rose to USD 2.35 billion representing 0.14 percent of Gross National Income (GNI), implying a 6.1 percent increase in real term. In 2019, the total ODA increased to USD 2.68 billion with 77 percent disbursement as bilateral and 23 percent as multi-lateral support.
Similarly, over the five years, Korea’s ODA to Uganda steadily increased with the highest being registered in humanitarian aid. This figure increased to USD 6.67 million in 2019. Both Korean Commitments and net ODA disbursements to Uganda equally increased. In particular, the figure of the commitments increased to USD 39.21 million in 2019.
Priority focus
This report hinges on the key priorities identified by the CPS2. The CPS2 implementation aims at enabling Uganda to achieve her apparition of transforming Ugandan society from a peasant to a modern and prosperous country within 30 years. The strategy was designed to focus on three key priorities of rural development, education, and healthcare, which are in tandem with the key growth opportunities and fundamentals identified by NDP3. These usher in the thematic focus of the report that looks at rural development as a means of socio-economic transformation. The implementation of the CPS aims at creating jobs, increasing income generation, and self-reliance, and enhancing value addition. The CPS is implemented by three recognized Korean Institutions which include;
Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), Korea Program for International cooperation in Agricultural technology (KOPIA), and Korea Foundation for International Healthcare (KOFIH).
16 Rural Development and Sustainability
Rural development is a critical vehicle in improving the quality of life and economic well-being of people and communities. It is also a vital tool in reducing poverty and a potential modality for economic development and self-reliance. Significantly, Korea embraced the modality of rural development that transformed the country from a recipient to a donor. To ensure rural development sustainability, the focus has been put on establishing sustainable model villages, agriculture development, value chain systems, and rural financing.
The successful implementation of the Establishment of Sustainable Model Villages (ESMV) project phase 1; increased outcomes across villages of Mpigi and Mityana districts. In 2015, ESMV was launched in seven villages from seven Sub-counties in the districts of Mpigi and Mityana. This led to increase in; social capital, household incomes and agriculture productivity, living conditions, and governance among the communities. The project benefited about 4,765 people; increased the share of belongingness to groups from 54.7 percent in 2015 to 80.1 percent in 2018; enhanced the mean annual income of beneficiary households from UGX 2,037,237 to UGX 4,300,878 and the share of households that upgraded to permanent and semi-permanent houses rose from 64.5 percent in 2015 to 96.7 percent in 2018. Similarly, due to its success, the project was expanded to other districts of; Maracha, Luuka, Kabarole, and Bunyangabo.
Correspondingly, at the request of the government of Uganda through the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, the second phase of the project was launched in February 2020 at the National Farmers Leadership Center in Mpigi district. In addition, to further create a self-reliance and income generation modality, the government of Korea through the Korean Federation of Community Credit and Cooperatives (KFCC) established eleven credit cooperatives in the two districts. This increased financial access and benefited 1,677 people who were financially excluded.
In the context of agricultural development, value chain development and capacity building are important tools to trigger industrialization and employment. This report focuses more on the value chain development in the agriculture sub-sectors of dairy, poultry, fruit factory and orange production, vegetable production, and potato production. In a bid to improve farmers’ incomes and advance agricultural technology, the Korean government through KOICA established the National Farmers’ Leadership Centre (NFLC) in Mpigi district which developed a twin-track approach of income generation and project sustainability. Since the handover of the centre to Ugandan government, 3,070 farmers benefitted in capacity building of various programs such as mindset change, crop husbandry, animal husbandry, and mushroom growing. In addition, 80 percent of agricultural leaders were trained across the country. Pertinent to this, under the value chain development, the Korean government implemented a number of projects across the different agriculture sub-sectors and remarkable achievements were registered as follows;
17 Dairy; Launched a 2.3 million USD Korea-Uganda Dairy Project (KUDaP) in Nakyesasa incubation Centre, and through KOPIA, developed a project in 2019 on Uplifting livestock farmers’ livelihoods by establishing and selling a high-quality forage crop seed production complex.
Poultry; Opened a modern poultry unit at Makerere University Agriculture Research Institute Kabanyolo (MUARIK); completed the construction of three poultry units with a capacity of 5,000 birds each, a greenhouse, and a microbial facility to grow microorganisms.
Fruit factory and Orange Production; Soroti fruit factory was handed over to the Ugandan government in April 2019. The presence of the factory has increased the production volume of both mangoes and oranges in the Teso region. Also, the application of Carbendazim and Carbendazim alternated with Tebuconazole were the most effective disease management options that led to disease reduction and control in citrus orchards in Teso region. The citrus disease was reduced between 31% and 49%, this also increased profits per acre per season by about UGX 4M (USD 1100). In addition, increased farm household income to 46.5% around USD 622/farm house.
This also contributed to the supply of quality fruits to the factory.
Grain factory; Implemented a project of improved aromatic and high-yielding rice adoption among Smallholder Rice Farmers in Uganda 2020-2022 to increase rice productivity among farmers in Uganda. The project is implemented in the districts of Luweero, Lira, Butaleja NaCRRI, and NARO station.
Vegetable production; Through KOPIA, the seed facility at the National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI) in Namulonge was renovated. Since 2015, a total of 1,262 farmers trained in Nakati indigenous vegetable production.
Potato production; Completed the construction of four screen houses each with a capacity of 3,000 plantlets at Kachwekano and Rwebitaba Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute; increased the amount of invitroplantlets generated for nuclear seed production to 16,600 and NAROPOT1 cultivar which can produce 18 tons per ha, was selected as well as supplying 9 tons and 22 tons of disease-free seed potato progenitor and original seed to farmers. 746 farmer groups were trained in potato production from both the Kigezi and Rwenzori sub-regions.
Healthcare Management
In tandem with the Uganda Health Sector Development Plan (HSDP 2015-2020), the Korean government through KOFIH established the health system strengthening project with a focus on emergency medical services. The implementation of this project gave birth to the construction of an emergency medical unit in Bukomansimbi district. A total number of 768 health workers and village health teams from 50 health facilities trained in thirteen Emergency Medical Service courses and 60 percent of equipped emergency medical services standardized by the Ministry of
18 Health, Uganda. KOFIH also established a community emergency referral system and two emergency call and dispatch systems at Masaka Regional Referral Hospital. Also, KOFIH contributed to the establishment of 14 regional ambulance hubs and 12 regional centre hubs to enhance accessibility and quality of regional medical services.
Supplementary, Tuberculosis in Uganda is one of the leading communicable diseases that have resulted in the highest deaths. To that effect, in collaboration with MoH, KOFIH constructed two laboratories and purchased one biosafety cabinet, 10 cooler boxes for TB sputum sample and three motorcycles. Furthermore, KOFIH trained 254 Village Health Teams and 138 laboratory staff in from Masaka and Bukomansimbi in External Quality Assurance and biosafety & biosecurity techniques to curb the spread of TB.
This report categorized water, sanitation, and hygiene under healthcare management especially in schools. In partnership with United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the Korean government through KOICA launched the enhanced adolescent-friendly school environments project in the Karamoja region. According to the Uganda Bureau of Statistics, the region has the lowest pit latrine coverage of 30 percent compared to the national average of 77 percent and is faced with a water crisis particularly in schools. In addition, 60 percent of children on average live more than 30 minutes away from the nearest water source and 30 percent have no access to water. To that effect, fifty-three solar-powered water systems were constructed, and these have benefitted over 15,890 students in the districts of Napak, Karenga, Kaabong, Kotido and Moroto. Also, 20 boreholes were rehabilitated, and 35 rainwater tanks were repaired with 31 drainable latrine blocks consisting of 155 stances in 22 schools constructed.
Education
The Uganda Vision 2040 identifies abundant labour as an opportunity that should be harnessed along the pathway to middle-income status and human capital as one of the fundamentals that should be strengthened to achieve the status. Following the CPS for Uganda emphasis is put on the education sector especially on the capacity building of teachers and quality of education. The Business, Technical, Vocational, Education and Training (BTVET) strategic plan 2011-2020 has supported the skilling Uganda program in order to reduce the jobs mismatch. To that end, in a bid to reduce the skilling gap, the Korean government through KOICA established the Ntinda Vocational Training Institute that was handed over to the Ugandan government in 2018. The number of enrolled students between 2018 and 2019 is 347. Also, the figure of the institute has trained and graduated is 116 (35 in 2018 and 81 in 2019, respectively).
Similarly, in collaboration with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the Korean government through KOICA established Improved Access to Quality Education for Refugee Children with Special Focus on Girls. Through the implementation of the project, for the primary section, a total of 1,073 classrooms with gender-sensitive latrines were constructed
19 including a girls’ dormitory. This improved the pupil classroom ratio from 154:1 in 2017 to 54:1 in 2019. Furthermore, the net enrollment of refugee pupils in primary education increased by 56 percent in 2019. For the secondary section, five classroom blocks with 11 latrine blocks were constructed. Also, a fully furnished girls’ dormitory with a latrine block was constructed hence increasing the gross enrolment to secondary school by 8,584 students in 2019.
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Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 History of Korea’s ODA and its Commitment for Sustainable Development After the Korean War (1950~1953), ODA was the only source of capital, since the Korean economy had been almost devastated by the war. Much of the assistance in the 1950s was focused on military support and humanitarian relief. Food aid and provision of daily necessities were also provided to meet the basic human needs. In the 1960s “growth” and “foreign investment” replaced
“humanitarian relief” and “reconstruction” of the war-torn Korea and dramatically transformed its economic structure. Whereas ODA in the previous decade mostly took the form of grants to facilitate reconstruction, more concessional loans and other forms of financial investment came to Korea, allowing it to build social infrastructure and promote industrial development. In the 1970s and 1980s, stand-alone project financing introduced to heavy and chemical industries increasingly gave way to sector-wide loans or readjustment program loans aiming to reform the overall economic and industrial structure. The proportion of grants declined significantly, and the sources of assistance continued to diversify. In the 1990s, Korea came to reverse its position from a recipient to a donor.
Korea ended its dependence on the World Bank’s assistance in 1995 and was excluded from the DAC list of ODA recipients in 2000; however, Korea’s history as a donor goes back to the 1960s.
In 1963, Korea hosted a training program for public officials of developing countries for the first time funded by the U.S. To respond to the growing demand from partner countries, the Korean government gradually funded more of its assistance projects on its own budget. In 1977, as the first-ever assistance with the official budget set aside for ODA, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs conducted equipment provision worth 900 million KRW (about 2 million USD as of 1977). The amount of ODA provided by the Korean government reached a new peak in the late 1980s. Korea consolidated this significant shift by launching the Economic Development Cooperation Fund (EDCF) in 1987 and establishing the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) in 1991.
In 2010, Korea became the 24th member of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), the international donor's club. Upon joining the OECD DAC in 2010, Korea has continuously improved its ODA system by enacting the Framework Act on International Development Cooperation (Framework Act), and devising the Strategic Plan for International Development Cooperation (Strategic Plan) as well as the Mid-term Strategy for 2011-2015. Furthermore, Korea worked to engage in the efforts of global development by leading the adoption of the Development Agenda at the G20 Seoul Summit in November 2010 and successfully hosting the Fourth High Level on Aid in Busan (HLF-4) in November 2011, serving as a bridge among developed, emerging, and developing countries, and leading the launching of Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation.
Korea understands that achieving the SDGs Agenda requires a concrete implementation mechanism and well-designed plans. Legislation that directly addresses the issue in the domestic context includes the Sustainable Development Act, and Korea uses the mechanism underpinned by such legislation to internalize and implement the 2030 Agenda through whole-of-government commitment.
21 The Third Basic Plan for Sustainable Development, adopted in January 2016, presents a vision of the harmonious development of the environment, society, and economy, and sets out the four goals of a healthy environment, a safe and integrated society, an inclusive and innovative economy, and a globally responsible country, as well as 50 implementation tasks. Each government agency carries out tasks, and the Commission on Sustainable Development will review their implementation and issue a sustainable development report every two years. The Korean government also has a plan to develop indicators in order to evaluate progress in implementing SDGs in the country and ensure policy coherence.
While the implementation of SDGs in Korea is carried out by all relevant ministries, under the Sustainable Development Act and its mechanism, the country’s support for the international community’s sustainable development efforts is based on the Framework Act. Enacted in 2010, the Framework Act includes the "pursuit of sustainable development" as one of its principles. The Korean government set a basic policy goal of contributing to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development by adopting the Mid-term Strategy for Development Cooperation (2016-2020) in November 2015, the highest-level policy document endorsed by the Prime Minister.
1.2 Performance of Korea’s Official Development Assistance (ODA)
Official Development Assistance (ODA) has been a vital tool in facilitating development across countries. Korea broaden its development cooperation policy especially in Africa and has taken a leading role in advancing the global development agenda.
In regard to bilateral donor performance, in 2019, ODA increased significantly in eighteen DAC Member countries with the largest increase in Finland, Korea, Greece, Hungry and Norway.
Korea’s ODA increased by 13.9 percent in 2019 compared to 6.1 percent in 2017. Furthermore, the country also registered the highest upsurges in real terms of sovereign loans on a grant equivalent basis at 21 percent1.
In 2019, Korea’s total ODA on a grant equivalent basis stood at USD 2.46 billion representing 0.15 percent of the gross national income2. In relation to the ODA/GNI ratio, Korea was ranked 25th among the DAC member countries. This is an improvement compared to 2018 where the country was ranked 26th3. Using the cash-flow methodology, net ODA in 2019 was recorded at USD 2.68 billion and regarding the ODA portfolios, 58.2 percent was in form of grants and 41.8 percent in form of non-grants4.
1 Oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-data/ODA-2019-detailed-summary.pdf
2 Stats.oecd.org
3 https://www.odakorea.go.kr/ODAPage_2018/category01/L04_S01_01.jsp
4 Oecd-library.org (development co-operation profiles 2021)
22 Overview of Korean ODA performance globally
Korea widened its development cooperation policy especially in Africa, and took a lead role in advancing the global development agenda. Pertinent to this, in 2015, Korea provided USD 1.9 billion in net ODA representing 0.14 percent of Gross National Income (GNI) and an 8.3 percent increase in real terms from 2014. This made Korea the 24th largest Development Assistance Committee member provider and the 14th largest in volume5. In 2018, Korea’s total ODA increased to USD 2.35 billion using the new grant equivalent methodology adopted by DAC members representing 0.14 percent of GNI, implying an increase of 6.1 percent in real terms.
Figure 1.1: Korean Official Development Assistance flows in volumes
Source: OECD stat.data, 2020
Using the cash-flow methodology, Korean ODA fluctuated between years but registered a sharp increase in 2019 representing 20.7 percent. In 2019, the total ODA budget was recorded at USD 2.8 billion representing a 16.6 percent increase from 2018 with 77 percent disbursement as bilateral and 23 percent as multilateral support. In regard to bilateral disbursement, 63 percent was allocated as grants and 37 percent as concessional loans. 6
5 The Development Cooperation Report, 2016
6 Oecd.stat
23 Figure 1.2.: Korean Official Development Assistance as a share of the Gross National Income
Source: OECD stat.data, 2020
Korean’s net ODA flows as a share of GNI over the years were fluctuating though increased in 2019 to 0.15 percent using the grant equivalent methodology. The Korean government has committed to steady increase in its ODA/GNI ratio, including a commitment to double its ODA from 2019 levels by 20307.
The rest of this report is structured along with the following chapters: Chapter two provides a discussion on the Korean partnership strategy and the Uganda development agenda, taking into consideration the NDP3 and ODA growth trend in Uganda. Chapter 3 analyses the performance of projects along with the thematic areas and priorities. Chapter four discusses the Korea-Uganda development and cooperation outlook for 2021/25.
7 Oecd-library.org (development co-operation profiles 2021)
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Chapter 2: KOREA-UGANDA COOPERATION
This chapter analyses economic and development cooperation, the Korean partnership strategy considering both Uganda’s Country Partnership strategy and the Uganda development agendas. It also discusses the ODA growth trend in Uganda, and the Establishment of Korean operations.
2.1 Economic and Development cooperation
In October 2012, the Ugandan government and Korean government concluded a grant-aid arrangement that encouraged and enhanced stronger bilateral cooperation. Along with 24 countries across the world, Uganda is one of the ODA core partner countries of the Korean government.
Bilateral Cooperation
At the national level, in 2016, both the Korean government and Ugandan government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to strongly strengthen their bilateral relations in ten key sectors. These include; health care and medical science, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), industry and plant construction, science and technology, community credit cooperatives, social welfare, defense, agriculture, policy consultation, and rural development. A number of milestones were registered between 2016 and 2020 regarding the implementation of the MOU. In addition, an MOU was signed by the two countries to strengthen cooperation in the health sector. This called for an advanced range of joint research and public health collaborations and exchange of medical personnel such as doctors and experts in social welfare. The MOU signed resulted in many projects being implemented and more others being executed across different sectors.
In 2017, the bilateral agreement between Korea and Uganda gave birth to the Korean Financial Credit Cooperatives project in the districts of Mpigi and Mityana. The project is aimed at providing affordable financial services especially to those living in the rural areas (remote) that are excluded from the formal financial systems. The Korean Federation of Community Credit Cooperatives (KFCCC) together with KOICA is collaborating with community members of Mpigi and Mityana districts to improve their social welfare. This has resulted in increased financial access and 1,677 people8 have benefited from the project.
On 15th January 2018, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Makerere University. This was aimed to facilitate Staff and Student exchanges, research collaborations as well as design joint education programmes especially in the field of Information Technology (IT).
Pertinent to this, on 11th June 2019, KOrea Program on International Agriculture (KOPIA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the National Agriculture Research Organization (NARO) to enhance the growth of high yield animal pastures and field peas in the Elgon region. This led to the investment of UGX 864 million by the Korean government towards the project.
8 The news.coop/147799/sector/credit-unions/Korean-federation-helps to grow-the-credit-union-mov’t-in-uganda
25 Cooperation through Multilateral System
At the multilateral level, in collaboration with the Ugandan government, United Nations and other Agencies, the Korean government is also implementing a number of projects such as;
strengthening of Emergency Referral System in the greater Masaka district; Economic empowerment of women in Uganda’s Refugee hosting districts; improving access to quality education for Refugee Children; development and distribution of gravity-driven membrane-based household water treatment systems; capacity building of communicable disease control project;
empowerment of vulnerable women in self-reliance income generation and farm income improvement through agriculture and livestock circulation.
Agricultural productivity is central to economic development. Korea through the Economic Development Cooperation Fund (EDCF) offered USD 150 million to the World Bank’s Agriculture Cluster Development Project (ACDP) in Uganda9. In addition, through EDCF, MAAIF developed integrated agricultural information systems and resource centers to guide farmers on where and what to grow and how to access the market for their produce.
In a bid to improve nutrition and boost incomes in the Karamoja region, the Korean government donated USD 2million to the World Food Programme project that was executed through the Karamoja Integrated Development Program. The project benefited about 12,000 people in and around the Karamoja region.
The Korean-Africa Economic Cooperation (KOAFEC) established in 2006 is a major policy initiative of Korea to drive its contribution to Africa’s development agenda. The same year marked the launch of the KOAFEC conference that was embraced by the Organization for Economic Cooperation for Development (OECD). This was aimed at mobilizing various stakeholders and drive consultation between Korean and African governments.
In May 2018, African Development Bank (AfDB) held its annual meeting in Busan, Korea. The conference themed “Africa and the 4th Industrial Revolution; opportunities for leapfrogging” was attended by the 54 African countries that recognized the KOAFEC conference. During the conference, both the Korean and AfDB issued a joint declaration that was agreed upon by the Africa parties. Key interventions presented and adopted as core areas of cooperation were inclusive growth, modernization of Agriculture and human capital development. The conference focused on six key areas of cooperation which included energy and infrastructure, ICT, Human resource development, agriculture development and green growth, climate change and sharing of Korea’s development. At the conference, a joint declaration was declared to avail Africa USD 5 billion as bilateral financial assistance. This consisted of; USD 1 billion in concessional loans for the Economic Development Cooperation Fund (EDCF), USD 200million of concessional loans for Economic Development Promotion Fund (EDPF), USD 20 million for KOAFEC Trust Fund housed at the AfDB and knowledge sharing program, USD 5.8 billion for export financing for the Export-Import Bank of Korea10.
Pertinent to this, Uganda secured landmark commitment under the KOAFEC for progressing the industrialization agenda, innovation and technology, and smart infrastructure. A commitment is a
9 Donortracker.org/node/2007
10 2018 KOAFEC ministerial conference declaration.
26 firm written obligation by a government or official agency backed by the appropriation or ability of the necessary funds to provide resources of a quantified amount under specified financial terms and conditions and for a specific purpose for the benefit of a recipient country or a multilateral agency11.
2.2 Korean Partnership strategy and Uganda’s National Development Strategy
The implementation of Korean projects in Uganda is backed up by the Korean Partnership Strategy that is translated to the Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for Uganda. Like the first CPS, the second CPS is aligned to Uganda’s development strategy and Vision 2040. The implementation of CPS2 is aimed at helping Uganda achieve her vision of transforming Ugandan society from a peasant to a modern and prosperous country within 30 years. Given that Uganda aspires to become an upper-middle-income country by 2040 with a GDP per capita of US$ 9,500, the CPS2 was designed to focus on three key priorities of rural development, education, and healthcare. These priorities are in sync with the key growth opportunities and fundamentals identified by the NDP3 to make Uganda achieve sustainable and inclusive growth.
The NDP3 came at a time when the country was faced with COVID-19 and other disasters. The plan is aimed at improving household incomes and improving the quality of life of Ugandans through sustainable industrialization for inclusive growth, employment, and sustainable wealth creation. This has been laid out in an 18 programme plan to promote a coordinated approach that will enable Uganda to achieve its development objectives.
In the context of structural economic transformation, the implementation of the three priorities is aimed at creating jobs, increase income generation and self-reliance, and enhancing value-addition across the value chains. At the rural development level, agriculture is put at the forefront as a tool designed to transform Uganda’s peasant society into a commercialized economy, hence reducing the portion of households engaged in subsistence farming.
11 OECD.stata aid commitments for Countries and regions [DAC3a]
27 Figure 2.1: The Korean partnership strategy alignment to Uganda's Development Agenda
VISION 2040 (2010-2040)
A transformed Ugandan Society from a Peasant to a Modern and Prosperous Country within 30 years
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN III (2020/21-2024/25)
Sustainable Industrialization for inclusive growth, employment, and wealth creation
Enhance value addition in key
growth opportunities
Strengthen the private sector to
create jobs
Consolidate and increase the stock
and quality of productive infrastructure
Enhance the productivity and social wellbeing of
the population
Strengthen the role of the state in guiding
and facilitating development
OBJECTIVES OF THE COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP STRATEGY FOR THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA The Korean government is committed to supporting the Ugandan government to realize her vision 2040 by delivering the following objectives
- Assist in agriculture capacity building and regional development to increase household
- Assist in the promotion of vocational and technical education and training in basic education to enhance sustainable human capital development
- Reinforce maternal and child health services and local health systems with a specific focus on girls to improve human capital development
COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP STRATEGY (2016 – 2020) KEY PRIORITY AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT
- Agricultural development - Sustainable village model - Humanitarian and refugee response
HEALTHCARE AND MANAGEMENT - Maternal and child health - Water and sanitation
EDUCATION
- Vocational and capacity building - Teacher enhancement
- Scholarships and people to people exchanges
28 Priority area 1
and the CPS implementation
strategy
Rural Development
- Comprehensive rural development for enhanced rural household income level and agricultural productivity
-Community-based agricultural
infrastructure, extension and value chain development
- Capacity building on social capital development for rural community leaders - Disseminate agricultural experts and personal
Ugandan government needs -Improved agricultural inputs such as seedings, fertilizers and machinery -Improved irrigation systems -Improved local income levels and agricultural value chain systems -Increased capacity building and skills -Reduction in the share of population engaged in subsistence farming
Priority area 2 and the CPS implementation
strategy
Healthcare and Management
- Community-based maternal and child health services to reduce maternal, infant and child mortality
- The health service delivery system to improve access and quality of basic health -Reproductive health education for adolescent girls in school
-Capacity building of hospitals and health center personnel
-Dissemination of medical professionals to the health sector
Ugandan government needs -Reduction in infant and child and maternal mortality rates
-Reduction in HIV/AIDS prevalence -Improvement of the National health system including infrastructure, planning, health professional training hence the need for Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
-Promote inter-sectoral partnerships to strengthen the health sector
Priority area 3 and the CPS implementation
strategy
Education
-Technical and vocational training centers including construction and equipment supply
-Uganda government in structural reform and curriculum development to boost the technical, vocation systems
-Dissemination of TVET experts and administrative staff training
-Vocational and professional training based on industrial demand for skilled labour -Basic education of teachers and quality of education
Ugandan government needs -Improving the quality of education -Enhanced alignment of curriculum to industrial development
-Strengthen the technical training sector
Currently, the process of CPS phase three is at its initial stages. The third National Development Plan (NDP3) focuses on resource-led industrialization through value addition in agriculture, minerals, petroleum, and manufacturing. Of the 18 programmes of the NDP3 implementation, CPS2 was implementing 7 programmes. Albeit the change of implementation in the NDP3, improved incomes of the population is still central to the Ugandan government through increased land productivity and value addition which is the prime focus of the CPS2.
29
2.3 Overview of Korea ODA performance in Uganda
Korea’s ODA to Uganda over the five-year period has increased except in 2018. Regarding humanitarian aid, Korean ODA has steadily increased the climax being in 2018.
Figure 2.2: Korea ODA flow to the Ugandan Economy
Given the steady rise in the Korean commitments to Uganda, both the Gross and net ODA disbursements have equally increased.
Source : OECD stat.data.org
Figure 2.3: Korean ODA technical and humanitarian cooperation trends
Source: OECD stata.data.org
In 2019, the technical cooperation to Uganda increased from 4.62 USD million in 2014 to 6.59 USD million. While on the humanitarian side, the Korean ODA has sharply increased by USD 6.67 million in 2019 compared to USD 0.33 million in 2016.
30
2.4 Establishments of Korean Operations
Currently, in Uganda, there are three recognized Korean institutions among others that are assisting in the implementation of government projects both nationally and internationally. These agencies are also helping to ensure that the vision and the development agenda of Uganda and other multinational bodies are achieved. These agencies include Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), KOrea Program on International Agriculture (KOPIA), and Korea Foundation for International Healthcare (KOFIH).
Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA)
KOICA was founded in April 1991 as a government-funded agency to leverage Official Development Assistance in developing countries under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Korea.
KOICA was set to ensure effective and efficient utilization of government grants aid and programs across developing Countries. Pertinent to this, over the years KOICA has strived to reduce poverty among societies and communities in nations while supporting the socio-economic growth of partner states. All over the world, the agency is established in over 40 countries. KOICA’s presence in a given country is tagged to its development strategies and agendas guided by the Country Partnership Strategy.
KOICA’s goal is to help partner countries achieve sustainable socio-economic transformation, adopt poverty reduction strategies and promote humanitarian response and security. At the international level, KOICA is positioned to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) across countries and as such prioritized its projects along with the SDGs targets. In order to attain its goal, the Agency set five priority areas of focus, and these include rural development, education, health, industry and energy, and governance.
In 2010, KOICA was established in Uganda and has implemented numerous projects across different sectors ranging from agriculture, education, health, infrastructure development, human capital development, rural development to private sector development. Currently in 2021, the Agency supports nine (9) country projects, three (3) multilateral projects, ten (10) public-private partnership projects, four (4) development innovation projects, three (3) global disease eradication fund projects, three (3) humanitarian assistance projects, fellowship program and World Friends Korea Volunteers (WFK) including one (1) Global Doctor. These projects are listed as follows;
I. Country Project
a) Capacity Building for Industry Demand-Based Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Uganda
b) Modernization and Automation of Entebbe International Airport c) Establishment of Sustainable Model Villages in Uganda
d) Institutional Capacity Support to the National Farmers Leadership Center in Uganda e) Uganda Seed Value Chain Capacity Building for Key Vegetable Crops
f) Strengthening Solid Waste and Fecal Sludge Management Capacity of the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GGGI)
g) Improved Access to WASH to Enhance Adolescent Friendly School Environments in Karamoja Region (UNICEF)
h) Uganda Host and Refugee Community Empowerment (UNDP)
31 i) Health System Strengthening for Improving RMNCAH Service Delivery in Busoga Sub-
region, Uganda (WHO) II. Multilateral Projects
j) Strengthening Peace and Community Cohesion Project in South Sudan (UNDP) k) Girls Education for Peace Project in South Sudan (UNHCR)
l) Provision of Life-Saving Assistance to the Most Vulnerable under the Country Strategic Plans(CSPs) in Yemen, Kenya and Uganda (WFP)
III. Public-Private Partnership Program
m) Becoming Self-reliant Women and Building a Global CSV Platform: MOM(Message of Mom) Centre Management in Gulu, Uganda
n) Improving Quality Education of Public Primary School in Northern Uganda (Gulu, Omoro) through School Consulting
o) Water and Sanitation Improvement Project for Patico, Gulu, Uganda
p) Income Generating Program through Livestock Bank in Patiko Sub-county, Gulu, Uganda
q) Maternal and Child Nutrition Improvement Project in Nakapiripirit, Uganda
r) Mityana Women's Economic Capacity Enhancement through Horticulture Farming in Uganda
s) Ensurement of Girls’ Sexual and Reproductive Health and Strengthening of Girls’ Right in Jinja District, Uganda
t) Braille Textbook Support and Empowering Braille Specialists in Uganda
u) Agricultural Project Utilizing Renewable Energy for Farm Income Generation in Kumi, Uganda
v) Uganda Health System Strengthening Project IV. Development Innovation Program
w) Improving Farm Income through Agriculture and Livestock in Circulation with EAGLEVET &SHINHAN A-TEC CHONBUK National University and Makerere University
x) Establishment of Value-added Chain for Economic Activation of Rural Area through Processing Resource Plant of Shea Nut Extracted in Uganda
y) Solar Optimum Appropriate Technology Value Chain Set-up Project
z) Kitkit School: A Tablet-Based Application for Primary Education in Developing Countries V. Global Disease Eradication Fund Projects
aa) WASH Improvement Project for Waterborne Disease Prevention in Northern Uganda bb) Mayuge NTD Elimination (MANE) Project in Uganda
cc) The Expanded Special Project for Elimination of Neglected Tropical Disease (ESPEN):
Accelerating Elimination of PC-NTDs in 4 High Burden, High Vulnerability Countries
32 VI. Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Projects
dd) Education and Water supply support to South Sudan Refugees and Hosting Communities in Palorinya Refugee Camp in Obongi District, Uganda
ee) Boosting Economic-Socio resilience using Triple Nexus for Refugees and Host Community in Terego District
ff) Provision of Gender-Responsive and Age Appropriate IYCF-E for Refugee and Host Pregnant Lactating Women and Children Under 2 in Kyaka II and Kyangwali Settlements VII. Fellowship Program
gg) Capacity Improvement and Advancement for Tomorrow (CIAT)
In collaboration with the government of Uganda, KOICA has implemented these projects through various modalities to achieve its goal, and these include; Multilateral, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), Creative Technology Solutions (CTS), project model, and Inclusive Business Solutions (IBS).
KOrea Program on International Agriculture (KOPIA)
KOrea Program on International Agriculture (KOPIA) started its operations in Uganda in June 2013 following the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF)-Uganda and Rural Development Administration (RDA) of Korea. The program is housed at National Agriculture Research Organisation (NARO) station, National Agricultural Research Laboratories (NARL) Kawanda, Wakiso district. KOPIA Uganda center was officially opened by His Excellency, The President of Uganda alongside RDA and NARO officials which marked the beginning of its legal operations in the country.
The vision of the KOPIA Uganda Center is focused on pursuing a mutually beneficial relationship between Korea and Uganda through agricultural technological cooperation with the aim of increasing productivity and profitability of top-priority crops in Uganda. The program runs on three missions which are to;
a) Develop locally adaptable technologies and seeds by sharing knowledge and experience with the Ugandan researchers
b) Disseminate localized technologies and practices to local farmers through demonstration projects and
c) Build better research capacities through exchange programs for scientists and experts.
The Uganda center is one of the 20 centers across the World launched by RDA in 2009 to share experiences and knowledge with its partners fronting the slogan: “We love to share what we have experienced”. This has been achieved through Technical Cooperative Projects (TCPs), workshops, and training both at farmers’ fields and KOPIA center demonstration field and exchange programs for Ugandan and Korean researchers.
In a bid to significantly improve food security, farmer’s income, quality of education, and health of their children, the center implemented the following Technical cooperative projects;
33 a) Development of citrus disease diagnostic and cost-effective control options to improve
citrus productivity in Uganda
b) Development and promotion of low input technologies for sustainable vegetable production in Uganda
c) On-farm screening of high-value Korean vegetables for enhanced productivity in Central Uganda
d) Development of water and crop management techniques and adoption of cost-effective citrus disease management in Teso Region
e) Increasing potato productivity and farmers’ income through the supply of quality seed potatoes
f) Improving household incomes through participatory development of high yielding, disease- resistant field peas varieties in Uganda
g) Uplifting livestock farmers’ livelihoods by the establishment and selling high-quality forage crop seed production complex
h) Accelerated adoption of improved aromatic and high yielding rice among smallholder rice farmers in Uganda.
i) Increasing farm household income through dissemination of excellent local chicken and improved management technologies in Uganda
j) Establishment of model village project to increase income of citrus farmers in Teso region, Uganda
Korea Foundation for International Healthcare (KOFIH)
KOFIH was founded in 2006 as a public-affiliated organization of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of the Republic of Korea (ROK) in honor of the Late Dr. Lee Jong-Wook (the 6th Director- General of the World Health Organization). The establishment of the Foundation was aimed at promoting international cooperation and realizing humanitarianism through healthcare support for developing countries, North Korea, overseas Koreans, and foreign workers in Korea.
With 15 years of experience in international health care assistance, KOFIH has supported more than 30 countries across the world to strive to be a global partner towards healthcare improvement with three basic objectives: sustainable development cooperation, sustainable healthcare assistance, and sustainable reform. In Uganda, KOFIH has been active since 2017 and implementing various projects in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, Uganda.
These projects include;
a) Health System Strengthening Project Focused on Emergency Medical Service (2017-2022) b) National Tuberculosis Control Capacity Building project in Uganda (2017-2021)
c) Improving Quality of Primary Healthcare Services through Capacity Building of Community Health Workers in the Central Region of Uganda (2021-2025)
