Vol. 65, No. 5, May 2015, pp. 432∼435
New Physics: Sae Mulli, DOI: 10.3938/NPSM.65.432
Structural Analysis of Ni 60 Ti 40 Mechanical Alloys
Dong-Seok Yang ∗ · Guisoo Shin
Department of Physics Education, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea
Seong-Cho Yu
Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 362-763, Korea (Received 31 March 2015 : revised 21 April 2015 : accepted 21 April 2015)
In this work, we found that Ni
60Ti
40mixed powder could be transformed into a metastable Ni
60Ti
40alloy by using a mechanical alloying process. In the process, the mixed powders were milled by using energetic zirconia balls in the closed container for 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, or 24 hours. We measured the saturation magnetization and we used X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy to perform structural analyses. The XRD and the EXAFS analyses showed that the crystalline structure and the local structures around Ni atoms changed with increasing milling time. From the analysis, we found that the alloying process was activated for 4- to 12-hour milling times and become saturated in for 12- to 24-hour milling times. We also found that the magnetic ordering could be interpreted by using the Ni-Ni ordering in the Ni
60Ti
40mechanical alloys.
PACS numbers: 61.05.cj, 61.43.Gt
Keywords: Ni-Ti, Mechanical alloy, Magnetization, Local structure
Ni 60 Ti 40 M 4 X ì Ä ¶ ¥ £ ?8 ý º Ä Z ØV Ä ì Å
è
¡ ò 6 B) o ∗ · , > Z ô¬ £
Ø
æ· ¡ ¤ @ / < Æ § # 3 @ / < Æ Ó ü t o §¹ ¢ ¤ õ , ' õ AÅ Ò 362-763
¤) ç Ô
Ø
æ· ¡ ¤ @ / < Æ § õ < Æ@ / < Æ Ó ü t o < Æõ , ' õ AÅ Ò 362-763
(2015¸ 3 Z 4 31{ 9 ~ Ã Î6 £ §, 2015¸ 4 Z 4 21{ 9 Ã º& ñ : r ~ Ã Î6 £ §, 2015¸ 4 Z 4 21{ 9 > F S X & ñ )
:
r ½ ¨\ " f H l > & h ½ + ËF K o ~ ½ ÓZ O ` ¦ : x # Ni
60Ti
40 D ¥ ½ + Ë ì r ´ ú s Ni-Ti_ D h Ðî r ½ + ËF K Ü ¼ Ð ¨ 8
÷
&# Q H כ ` ¦ S X % i . l > & h ½ + ËF K É r x 9 ` ) a 6 x l \ Ni
60Ti
40 D ¥ ½ + Ë ì r ´ ú t Ø Ô ïm Ø æ[ t ½ ¨\ ¦ V ,
¦ ¥[ þ t # Q ì r ´ ú ` ¦ x 9 a A (milling, ì r W õ & ñ ) # ë ß [ þ t% 3 Ü ¼ 9, x 9 a A É r 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 r ç ß 1 l x î ß z
´r % i , s õ & ñ 5 Å q \ " f D ¥ ½ + Ëì r ´ ú _ ½ + ËF K o & ñ ¸\ ¦ · ú Ðl 0 AK r « Ñ_ í o oü < & ñ ½ ¨ ¸ x 9
² D G Â Òp [ j½ ¨ ¸\ ¦ ì r$ 3 % i . r « Ñ_ í o o H x 9 a A r ç ß s 7 £ x < Ê\ y è % i Ü ¼ 9 : £ ¤ y 4 ∼ 12 r ç ß _ x 9 a A\ " f / å L y y è % i ¦ & ñ ½ ¨ ¸ x 9 ² D G Â Òp [ j½ ¨ ¸ ¸ s r ç ß @ /\ " f H o
e
H כ ` ¦ S X % i . s ü < ° ú É r o H 12 ∼ 24 r ç ß _ x 9 a A\ " f _ " 3 Æ Ò% 3 ¦ r « Ñ_ oü < ½ ¨
¸\ ¦ ì r$ 3 ô Ç õ s Ni
60Ti
40l > & h ½ + ËF K _ l & ñ § > = (magnetic ordering)s Ni-Ni ½ + Ë_ ² D G è& ñ
§ >
= (local ordering)õ x 9 ] X ô Ç ' a > e 6 £ §` ¦ S X % i .
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Structural Analysis of Ni
60Ti
40Mechanical Alloys – Dong-Seok Yang et al. 433
PACS numbers: 61.05.cj, 61.43.Gt
Keywords: Ni-Ti, l > & h ½ + ËF K, o, ² D G Â Ò½ ¨ ¸
I. " e  ] Ø
w
³ o u (Ti) É r 2 ;¨ 8 â ½ + ËF K _ F « Ñ Ð ´ ú §s s 6 x ÷ & ¦ e
Ü ¼ 9, ? /\ P ? /d $ í s y © # ½ Ó/ B N Ä ºÅ Òí ß \ O _ F « Ñ Ð
´ ú
§s s 6 x ÷ & ¦ e . : £ ¤ y w ³ o u õ m Ö 0 q_ ½ + ËF K É r + þ A © l
% 3 ½ + ËF K Ü ¼ Ð ò ø Í$ í s y © ¦ ? /d $ í s y © # a = ' a ¶ ú { 9
6 x Û ¼ à Ô u õ _ « Ñ6 x _ F « Ñ Ð ´ ú §s s 6 x ÷ & ¦ e
[1–4]. m Ö 0 q (Ni) É r @ /³ ð& h y © $ í Ó ü t| 9 Ð m Ö 0 q ½ + Ë F
K É r ª ô Ç $ í ^ F « Ñ Ð s 6 x ÷ & ¦ e Ü ¼ 9 m Ö 0 qß ¼2 §
½
+ ËF K É r l $ ½ Ós ß ¼ ¦ / B N l × æ \ " f í ß o\ y © l M : ë
H \ \ P Ü ¼ Ð ´ ú §s s 6 x ÷ & ¦ e .
z
´ : r \ " f y © $ í ` ¦ { H m Ö 0 q (Ni) É r 0 l q H& h s 1585
◦ C s ¦ = å X H& h s 2862 ◦ C s 9 & ñ ½ ¨ ¸ H d { 9 ~ ½ Ó½ ¨
¸ (FCC)\ ¦ ¦ e . z ´ : r \ " f q $ í w ³ o u (Ti) É r q
× æ s 4.50s ¦ 0 l q H& h É r 1675 ◦ C s 9 = å X H& h É r 3260
◦ C s ¦ & ñ ½ ¨ ¸ H ¹ ¢ ¤ ~ ½ Óx 9 | 9 ½ ¨ ¸_ HCP½ ¨ ¸s .
" f m Ö 0 q_ FCC½ ¨ ¸ü < w ³ o u _ HCP½ ¨ ¸ H " f Ð q 5
p
w ô Ç Ø æ ¸\ ¦ ? /l M :ë H \ ² D G Â Ò p [ j½ ¨ ¸ q 5 p w
½
+ É כ s \ V © ÷ & ¦ " f m Ö 0 q-w ³ o u ½ + ËF K` ¦ + þ A$ í ½ + É M :
¸ ² D G Â Ò½ ¨ ¸_ o H ß ¼t · ú §` ¦ כ s \ V © ) a .
Õ
ª Q Ni-Ti½ + ËF K É r m Ö 0 qõ w ³ o u _ $ í ì r q \ y
© $ í ¢ ¸ H © $ í _ l & h : £ ¤$ í ` ¦ Ð{ 9 כ s \ V © ÷ &
¦ s ü < ° ú É r l & h : £ ¤$ í É r ½ + ËF K ? /\ e H m Ö 0 q " é ¶ [
þ
t s _ ½ + ËÃ º x 9 ½ + Ë o \ ¦ ì r$ 3 < ÊÜ ¼ Ð+ s K | ¨ c Ã
º e . s ü < ° ú s Ni-Ti ½ + ËF K s ? / H l & h : £ ¤$ í õ
Õ ª כ _ ² D G Â Ò p [ j½ ¨ ¸ü <_ ' aº $ í ` ¦ s K l 0 A
#
: r ½ ¨\ " f H l > & h ½ + ËF KZ O Ü ¼ Ð Ni 60 Ti 40 ½ + ËF K` ¦ ] j
¸ % i ¦ s ½ + ËF K _ ½ ¨ ¸ © _ © o | 9 " f (long range order)\ ¦ ì r$ 3 l 0 A # X r] X ì r$ 3 (XRD)` ¦ z ´r
% i ¦, ½ + ËF K s ? / H l & h : £ ¤$ í ` ¦ s K l 0 A
#
EXAFS ì r$ 3 ` ¦ s 6 x ô Ç m Ö 0 q " é ¶ Å Ò0 A_ ² D G è ½ ¨ ¸ (local structure)\ ¦ ì r$ 3 % i . e _ ¸$ í _ ½ + ËF K+ þ A$ í s 6
x s ô Ç l > & h ½ + ËF KZ O É r 1966¸ p ² D G _ INCO \ " f > h µ
1 Ï ) a s A ª ô Ç ï r î ß & ñ © I _ ½ + ËF K s ¸$ í ÷ &% 3 ¦ þ j
H ´ ú §s s 6 x ÷ & ¦ e H q & ñ | 9 ¸ ½ ¨ ¸½ + ËF K` ¦ ë ß × ¼ H l
Õ ü t Ð µ 1 Ï % i . EXAFS ì r$ 3 Z O É r 1971¸ Sayers\ _
K > hµ 1 Ï÷ &# Q q & ñ | 9 ` ¦ í < Êô Ç ª ô Ç ½ + ËF K _ ² D G è ½ ¨
¸ ì r$ 3 \ s 6 x ÷ &# Q M ® o [5,6].
: r ½ ¨\ " f H l > & h ½ + ËF KZ O Ü ¼ Ð ï r î ß & ñ © I _ Ni 60 Ti 40 ½ + ËF K` ¦ ë ß [ þ t% 3 ¦ s ½ + ËF K \ @ /ô Ç EXAFS ì r$ 3
∗