빠른독해 바른독해 구문독해

빠른독해 바른독해 구문독해

1.

In Switzerland, you won’t see a goldfish swimming alone in a bowl. If you do, you can call the police.

This is because an animal rights law passed in 2008 set rules about how the Swiss can ① handle

“social animals.” To own a single goldfish is now

② legitimate. Since goldfish naturally live in large groups, to make them live alone is considered a form of ③ cruelty. Therefore, they must have at least one ④ mate when kept as pets. This law also applies to other animals. If you own a single cat, for example, you must let it go outside so that it can socialize with other cats. People who ⑤ prefer to keep their cats indoors must own at least two. Owning a single parrot is also not allowed unless you can get it a friend to talk to.

2.

The presence of lightning may be a clue to help forecasters understand when a hurricane is approaching its peak intensity. Although satellite and radar technology are generally able to predict the path of a storm with some accuracy, how much and when a storm will intensify is harder to forecast. ① Many experiments have been done to find connections between lightning activity and severity of weather. ② There is a correlation between wind speed and flash rate. ③ The studies found that lightning peaks approximately 30 hours before maximum winds occur. ④ Whether this information will help improve hurricane forecasts is still unknown. ⑤ However, it can be used to decide whether or not to evacuate children from the cities to the countryside.

3.

Additionally, the diseases that Columbus and other Europeans brought with them severely reduced the native population.

Every year on the second Monday of October, the United States celebrates Columbus Day. (①) This holiday honors Christopher Columbus, the Italian explorer who is credited with discovering America on October 12, 1492. (②) However, considering his mistreatment of Native Americans and the devastating effect of his arrival, I think honoring the explorer makes no sense at all. (③) After arriving on the continent, Columbus killed and enslaved thousands of natives. (④) Therefore, I strongly believe that the entire country should support the creation of a new holiday that honors the Native Americans and remembers their suffering. (⑤) As an alternative to Columbus Day, Americans should celebrate Native American Day or Indigenous Peoples’ Day.

4.

Coral reefs are the rainforests of the sea. The average reef is a live ecosystem which provides a home to almost 25 percent of all marine species, while the reefs themselves occupy less than 0.1 percent of the ocean surface.

(A) Artificial reefs are popular with coastal residents, including fishermen. In addition, conservationists use them for habitat restoration, and scuba divers enjoy exploring their diverse ecosystems.

(B) Regardless of what they are made from, artificial reefs work by giving shellfish and corals a hard surface to attach themselves to.

The accumulation of these creatures then attracts fish, providing them with food and shelter.

(C) However, there are places where no coral reefs exist. Therefore, artificial reefs are built in these areas to improve the marine environment for numerous sea creatures. This basically involves placing large, old objects on the ocean floor, such as school buses and ships.

① (A)―(B)―(C) ② (A)―(C)―(B) ③ (B)―(A)―(C)

④ (C)―(A)―(B) ⑤ (C)―(B)―(A)

5.

Blinking is not something we control. It is a spontaneous action that keeps our eyes healthy by ensuring they are wet and clean. Now, new research suggests it is also involved in the way our brains function. In a study, both the brain activity and blinking patterns of test subjects were monitored while they watched movie clips. The results showed that immediately after blinking, the part of a person’s brain associated with paying attention briefly shuts down. This means that blinking gives the brain a short break, freeing it from its tasks and allowing it to idle.

→ The brain needs to take occasional (A)________, during which it temporarily (B)________ the incoming flow of information and makes small adjustments to its functions.

① naps / increases ② breaks / keeps

③ rushes / blocks ④ rests / stops

⑤ walks / changes

6.

Venus is often referred to as Earth’s twin.

Although Venus is about the same size as Earth, it has an average temperature of 462 °C. However, about a billion years ago, these two planets might have been more alike—in fact, Venus may have even been habitable. There is little water in the atmosphere of Venus today, but it could have had deep oceans in the past. But because Venus is closer to the Sun, it receives much more sunlight.

Over time, the sunlight evaporated the oceans and broke up water molecules, allowing the planet’s hydrogen to escape into space. With little water left, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased. This caused a greenhouse effect that led to higher temperatures.

① The Habitable Zone : Venus

② Similarities between Earth and Venus

③ Observations and Explorations of Venus

④ Too Hot to Live : Venus

⑤ The Speculation of the Existence of Life on Venus

7.

In 1974, 8,000 terracotta statues were discovered

① buried near the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China. They are a collection of sculptures ② representing the emperor’s army, including warriors, chariots and horses.

Interestingly, some experts have claimed that these terracotta statues may have ③ influenced by Greek sculptors. When Qin Shi Huang was emperor, Chinese sculptures were simple rather than life-like. However, the warrior statues are life-sized and strikingly realistic, ④ which was unusual in China at the time. The details of the statues, such as hairstyles and facial features, are similar to ancient Greek sculpture. Additionally, DNA samples of ancient Europeans were found in Xinjian province, and this suggests that Westerners

⑤ may have traveled to China 1,500 years earlier than previous claims.

8.

In the mid-1970s, a 26-year-old industrial designer named Patricia Moore wanted to see what life was like for an 80-year-old woman. She put on glasses that made her eyesight blurry, wore uneven shoes so that she needed a stick to walk, and even put on makeup to appear old and wrinkly.

She spent several years experiencing the everyday challenges faced by the elderly, such as going up and down stairs, catching buses, and opening refrigerator doors. These experiences helped her design products that could be more easily used by everyone. People now associate her __________

with the birth of Universal Design, an approach that seeks to include people of all ages and abilities.

① novel ② imitative ③ disreputable

④ childish ⑤ normal

9.

Everyone knows that gold is ① valuable, but few people understand how its price is set. For investors, however, it is essential to understand the things that can influence rising gold prices. As with most investments, the price of gold depends on supply and demand. But the gold market is unique — nearly all of the gold ever mined still ② exists. Therefore, during times of depression, gold prices ③ rise, as people lose faith in money and view gold as an asset that can always be used to purchase ④ necessities. Another common factor influencing gold prices both inside and outside of the country is the real estate market. When real estate values rise, the demand for gold is generally expected to ⑤ increase.

10.

When danger threatens dolphins, they literally take to the air in rapid leaps ten feet high. This action is so different from the dolphins’ normal method of travel—swimming just beneath the surface—that scientists have long wondered why ① they do it. Two biologists have discovered the answer: at high speeds, leaping saves energy.

They calculated the energy that dolphins need to leap and swim. ② They also measured water friction and found that dolphins waste energy by making waves when they swim close to the surface. The faster ③ they swim, the more energy they waste. Above ten knots, ④ they find it more economical to propel ⑤ themselves through the air in leaps.

11.

What if your book knew where you were looking?

A German research team has developed new eye-tracking software for e-readers. While you read, this software shines an infrared light into your eyes. It uses the reflected pattern to analyze how quickly you read, where you pause and which

parts you read twice. This information can then be used by the software to ________________________.

For example, if the software senses you lingering over a difficult word, it could automatically provide a definition. It could also help with pronunciation, offer foreign translation, or even provide sound effects for sentences as you read them. Whatever new reading experiences this technology promises, we’ll surely benefit from them.

① reinforce the reading through active experiences

② extend your eyesight

③ enhance your translation ability

④ make a reading experience passive

⑤ monitor new technology for e-readers

12.

The word “spoiler” sometimes refers to information that gives away important details about a piece of fiction, particularly its ending. The term

“spoiler alert” was created by online groups that discussed films and literature. Sometimes a member would reveal a key part of the story, thus

“spoiling” the enjoyment for others who hadn’t yet finished the book or watched the movie.

Nowadays, the posting of spoilers is best avoided.

However, it’s occasionally impossible to describe something without revealing important details. In this case, you should place the warning “spoiler alert!” in the title or carefully hide the spoiler itself so it can’t be easily viewed. Some people omit, accidentally or on purpose, these warnings, and as a result, others have their experience of reading a book or watching a movie ruined.

① The spoiler is often leaking important details about ending.

② Revealing a key part can ruin the pleasure of others.

③ The person who is still reading the book has to know the ending.

④ Needing a spoiler inevitably, you should attach a warning.

⑤ Subtracting the warning deliberately can spoil the reading experience of others.

13.

Television programs aimed at very young children are generally thought to be effective in teaching early language skills. A study was done to test the ability of children from the ages of 15 to 24 months to learn new words from either a television program or an adult speaker. The results were not what parents might have hoped. Children younger than 22 months could not identify an object when taught the new word by a television program, but they did so easily when taught by an adult. The researchers said this is because adults naturally alter their speech patterns and facial expressions to help children understand them better, which doesn’t happen on television. This indicates that _______________________________ for better language development.

① children must communicate with adults as often as possible

② children should watch TV shows as often as possible

③ TV programs must focus topics on the childish language

④ children under 24 months should not play with over 25 months

⑤ adults must take care of only young children

14.

A biotechnology company recently conducted a study to find ways to control superbugs ① found in hospitals. During their research, they realized they had discovered a method of sterilizing food.

By concentrating high-powered microwaves on bread, they were able to kill all forms of fungus before it began ② to grow. This made the bread

③ last up to two months without spoiling. The researchers said bread exposed to microwaves for just 10 seconds can be safely eaten 60 days later, without any change to its taste. They hope this discovery ④ helping reduce food waste. It may also lower the number of deaths from food poisoning, which is often caused by food that ⑤ has gone bad.

15.

When Harriet Beecher Stowe published the novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852, it had a significant effect on the United States. ① At that time, slavery was illegal in the northern part of the country, but it was still legal in the southern part.

② The fertile soil and warm climate of the South made it ideal for large-scale farms and crops like tobacco and cotton. ③ The book’s anti-slavery message made people in the Northern states begin to realize just how bad slavery was. This was partly because Stowe wrote in a very personal, informal style that enabled readers to empathize with the slaves in her novel. ④ Stowe’s novel had a stronger effect than newspaper articles and political speeches. ⑤ It inspired many ordinary Americans to believe that they could help make the world a better place. Nine years after Uncle Tom’s Cabin was published, the American Civil War began, which eventually led to the end of slavery.

16.

Voter advice applications, sometimes referred to as VAAs, are short online quizzes. Voters who take them have their opinions on social issues matched to the policies of political parties. VAAs get users engaged in the political process by encouraging them to do further research on these policies and participate in the election more. They also help users decide on who they should vote for. What’s more, most VAAs collect and save data anonymously, allowing it to be used to create informative reports about the country’s political situation. Currently, VAAs are popular in a number of European countries, including the Netherlands, Germany, and Finland. They are expected to become more widely used in elections around the world in the near future.

① 웹을 기반으로 하는 후보자 선거 유세 프로그램이다.

② 선거 캠페인 초창기 시절부터 사용된 인기 프로그램 이다.

③ 사용자의 선거참여를 장려하여 정치과정에 참여시킨 다.

④ 열람을 원하는 사람에게 자료를 공개함을 원칙으로 한다.

⑤ 현재 유럽의 소수 국가에서 사용되고 있다.

17.

Unlike most plants, Venus flytraps are carnivorous, which means they eat meat. Charles Darwin wrote in his 1875 publication,

“Insectivorous Plants,” that the Venus flytrap is

“one of the most wonderful plants in the world.”

Venus flytraps grow to around 5 inches (13 centimeters) in diameter. Each plant usually has about six stems with hinged leaves. The edges of the leaves are lined with “teeth.” The leaves fit together like a clamshell and act as jaws and a stomach. If an insect touches the trigger hairs on the surface of these leaves, the leaves close, trapping the insect. Amazingly, a recent experiment showed that the Venus flytrap knew how many times its trigger hairs were touched and could even count the time between these stimuli. The trap only closed if the plant sensed two stimuli within a 20 second time span. Once 20 seconds passed, the process was reset. In addition, more than three stimuli were required for the plant to begin producing the enzymes that digest the trapped insect. Thanks to this process, the Venus flytrap doesn’t make wasted efforts trying to trap and digest raindrops or fallen leaves.

① Venus flytrap는 식충 식물에 속한다.

② Charles Darwin은 Venus flytrap에 대해 호평을 하 였다.

③ Venus flytrap의 잎사귀는 턱과 위의 역할을 한다.

④ Venus flytrap의 잎사귀의 촉수가 곤충을 감지한다.

⑤ Venus flytrap은 곤충을 잡는데 많은 에너지를 소비 한다.

18.

It has been believed that the ability to contemplate one’s own thoughts, also known as

“metacognition,” was limited to humans. However, recent research performed with rhesus monkeys (A) [disproves / proves] otherwise. Researchers gave 120 rhesus monkeys the chance to search for food placed in one of two tubes arranged in a “v”

shape. When the monkeys saw which tube the food was put into, they ran (B) [prominently / promptly]

to it. However, when they didn’t know which tube contained the food, they ran to the spot where the

two tubes were joined so that they could easily check both. This experiment shows that, when confronted with a task or a problem, rhesus monkeys are (C) [conscious / unconscious] of what they know and what they don’t know.

① disproves / promptly / unconscious

② disproves / prominently / conscious

③ proves / promptly / unconscious

④ proves / prominently / conscious

⑤ proves / promptly / conscious

19.

The task of identifying these children had been left entirely to medical doctors in the past.

The French Ministry of Public Instruction wanted a fair and objective way to identify those children that could not succeed in public schools because of serious intellectual difficulties. (①) Such children would be put into special classes for the mentally slow. (②) But different doctors had different standards for judging mental ability. (③) Unfortunately there was no way to resolve their disagreements. (④) So a type of fair test was needed to solve these problems. (⑤) To serve this practical purpose, the first IQ tests were devised by two French psychologists, Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon.

20.

Our world is aging - not the planet itself but the people who inhabit it. It seems the global elderly population is now increasing at the fastest rate ever recorded. ① This global aging phenomenon is not only altering the economic considerations of countries around the world but also leading to certain social changes. ② Japan, where 100-year-olds are expected to make up 1% of the population by 2040, is experiencing a

"super-aging" society and the aging rate is thought to outweigh all other nations. ③ Not just in rural, but also in urban areas, Japan is already experiencing these changes. ④ A booming robot industry is creating machines to aid in the card of the elderly, and many other industries are altering their strategies to take advantage of the growing old-age market. ⑤ Japan is the world's third largest automobile manufacturing country, which has the largest electronics goods industry. As this trend continues, it may well redefine how we think about middle and old age.

21.

There will soon be a large number of self-driving cars with an Internet connection on the road.

Although these cars have many benefits, experts warn that more self-driving cars also means more potential targets for hackers. Researchers recently demonstrated that even today's "smart" cars are vulnerable. They driving it. (A)________, they were not only able o change the radio's volume, adjust the air conditioner, and switch the windshield wipers on, but they also took control of the transmission and stopped the car as it drove down the highway. Fortunately, it was just a demonstration. (B)__________ it sends a clear message to both the auto industry and the government: automotive cybersecurity is a real issue that must be taken seriously.

① As a result / Besides

② As a result / However

③ By contrast / Besides

④ By contrast / Additionally

⑤ On the other hand / However

22.

The "sharing economy" is a system based on the idea of individuals renting things from each other through the Internet. Things now commonly rented in this way include houses, cars, boats, and power tools.

(A) The environment also benefits because sharing a product with others rather than buying the product for yourself means ① more resources are consumed in making products. As more people use sharing services, these benefits are likely to ② grow.

(B) These items are too ③ expensive for many people to buy but are owned by others who are willing to share them for a price. This collaborative use of resources has several ④ positive effects.

(C) Owners make money from the things they own, and renters pay ⑤ less than they would if they bought the things themselves or rented them from a company such as a hotel or car rental agency, he "sharing economy" is a system based on the idea of individuals renting things from each other through the Internet. Things now commonly rented in this way include houses, cars, boats, and power tools.

(1) 위 글의 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서를 쓰시오.

(2) 위 글의 ①~⑤ 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것을 찾아 번호를 쓰고, 바르게 고치시오.

23.

The Honeynet Project is an international security research organization, "dedicated to investigating the latest attacks, developing open source security tools to ① improve Internet security and learning how hackers behave." It does this by creating ② fake versions of the files that tempt hackers and observing how the hackers break into and use the files. It then teaches organizations about the kinds of measures they can take to ③ protect their computer networks from hackers. In brief, The Honeynet Project focuses on three primary goals.

The first is to ④ lessen awareness of the existing threats on the Internet. The second goal is to conduct research covering data analysis approaches, unique security tool development and gathering data about attackers and malicious software they use. The third goal is to provide the tool and techniques used by the Honeynet Project so that other organizations can ⑤ benefit.

24.

Baarle is a village whose territory is divided into a patchwork quilt of Belgian and Dutch properties.

The Belgian parts of the village are called Baarle-Hertog and the Dutch elements are called Baarle-Nassau. It means that there are some Belgian areas within the Dutch territory that contain smaller Dutch properties. In 1995, the Belgian and Dutch governments decided to clearly mark the unusual border with a line on the ground.

If the border line runs through the middle of buildings such as houses and cafes, it cuts them in half and each part belongs to a different country.

Which country do you live in if your house is divided by this line? This is determined by where your front door is! So if the Dutch annoyed you last week, all you have to do is move your front door to relocate to Belgium.

① Extraordinary Border: Two Countries in one House

② Barrle: Small Village but Multicultural

③ Territorial Dispute: Between Belgian and Dutch

④ The Way the Dutch React to Annoyed Belgian

⑤ The Effect of Geomancy: Relocation of Front Door

25.

We humans are considerably more than just our ears to understand speech. When someone speaks, we tend to note the facial movements of the speaker. A good example of this is known as the McGurk Effect. The McGurk effect is a perceptual phenomenon that demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception.

The illusion occurs when the (1)a________

component of one sound if paired with the visual component of another sound, leading to the perception of a third sound. It is thought that the reason we (2)i________ speech in such a way is that it allows us to understand others more easily.

(1) a______________ (2) i______________

26.

Insomnia have a vicious cycle. They fail to sleep well for a few nights continuously, and then they begin to experience stress about their lack of sleep. ① This stress results in further trouble sleeping. ② While many patients feel medication is the only remedy for their problem, doctors disagree. ③ Meditations such as those taken for the common cold and nasal allergies, high blood pressure, heart disease, thyroid disease, birth control, asthma, and depression can also cause insomnia. ④ They believe that a psychological condition is often responsible for insomnia. ⑤ This condition can be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy, which focuses on changing the way these people think about insomnia, thereby enabling a change in behavior. The therapy involves showing patients that they can still be healthy even if they fail to get a good night's sleep once in a while.

27.

Our planet is surrounded by a magnetic field, but it could (A) [vanquish / vanish] at any time.

Around every 200,000 years the field reverses, which causes it to temporarily disappear. Earth's magnetic field plays a major role in protecting the planet from the Sun's solar wind. Without the magnetic field, particles carried by solar wind would directly (B) [collide / revive] Earth. This would consequently lead to disruptions in our communications systems and an expansion of the holes in the ozone layer. Any change could also (C) [impose / impede] animals' migration patterns because they depend on the magnetic field to navigate. Clearly, Earth would be seriously affected by a reversal of the field in many ways.

① vanquish / collide / impose

② vanquish / revive / impose

③ vanish / collide / impose

④ vanish / collide / impede

⑤ vanish / revive / impede

28.

That is, the airplanes that transport us release huge amounts of carbon dioxide, which is responsible for global warning.

Thanks to the continued expansion of the airline industry, long-distance travel is easier than ever.

(①) Unfortunately, there's a downside to this trend: Take one round-trip flight between New York and California, and you've generated about 20 percent of the of the greenhouse gases that your car emits over an entire year. (②) Recognizing this fact, several airlines have begun to take action.

(③) The fuel efficiency of aircraft is being increased, and planes are spending less time lined up on the runway waiting to take off. (④) In addition, some airlines are adopting a policy of carbon offsetting, in which passengers are asked to pay a voluntary carbon fee for flights. (⑤) This income is used to fund green campaigns that combat global warning.

29.

Have you even seen rows of identical fruit or vegetables in the supermarket? They may look pretty, but ① considering this―perfectly fine produce that looks a little different is being wasted. In fact, some farmers end up ② throwing away as much as 50% of their harvest because it doesn't look quite right. Fortunately, this is beginning to change. All of this wasted produce ③ tastes just as good as what they sell in the supermarket. So there are now some organizations that buy produce from farmers and sell it to consumers at prices as ④ much as 30% lower than normal. (2) [이러한 실천은 농부와 소비자에게 유익할 뿐만 아니라], but it also helps ⑤ protect the environment, since farmers don't have to waste water growing unwanted produce.

(1) 위 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 어색한 것을 찾아 번 호를 쓰고 바르게 고치시오.

(2) 위 글의 [ ]에 우리말 뜻에 맞도록 주어진 단어를 배열 하시오.

this practice / farmers and consumers / benefit / not only / does

30.

Bottled water is drinking water packaged in PET Bottle. Because bottled water is easy to use, many shoppers choose to buy it. However, in some places, steps are being taken to reduce its consumption. One of the issues with bottled water is that it costs a thousand times more than tap water, although it is neither safer nor cleaner.

Additionally, drinking from a plastic water bottle likely means ingesting microplastic particles, a new study claims, prompting fresh concerns―and calls for scientific research - on the possible health implications of widespread plastics pollution. A study carried out on more than 250 water bottles sourced from 11 brands in nine different countries revealed that Microplastic contamination was nearly universal, found in more than 90% of the samples.

① 몇몇 나라에서는 병에 든 생수의 소비를 줄이기 위 한 조치가 취해지고 있다.

② 병에 든 생수는 수돗물보다 생산비용 측면이나 안전 성 측면이나 효율적이다.

③ 병에 든 생수를 마시는 것은 미세플라스틱 입자를 먹는 것을 의미한다.

④ 광범위한 플라스틱 오염에 대한 건강상의 영향력에 대한 연구가 요구된다.

⑤ 많은 샘플을 실험한 결과 미세플라스틱 오염은 보편 적이라는 것이 밝혀졌다.

31.

Over time, certain biological and behavioral features of humans stop serving a purpose. Instead of disappearing completely, they remain intact but have no function.

(A) But they kept our hairy ancestors warm because the erect hairs prevented body heat from escaping. They also allowed our ancestors to appear larger, helping them scare away predators.

(B) Another unnecessary feature we inherited from our ancestors in goose bumps. Goose bumps occur when we are cold or frightened and the hairs on our body stand straight up. Today, they are anything but useful.

(C) This is what happened with the grasp reflex. If

you place an object in an infant's hand, he or she will automatically grab it. This reflex was helpful for our distant ancestors whose babies held tightly to their mothers' fur. But the grasp reflex is of little use to human babies, as they don't have to cling for survival.

① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

32.

Self-confidence is an important factor in our lives.

It affects not only how we are perceived by others, but also how (A) [successive / successful]

we are at work and school. Traditionally, it was assumed that a person's self-image was created by life experiences and that the person's level of self-confidence could be determined by his or her attitude and behavior. But interestingly, a recent study suggests that the self-confidence a person displays may not always be what it seems. The study found that self-confidence levels are (B) [similar / dissimilar] from person to person. The real difference is in the way we express this confidence to others. Therefore, a person who talks loudly and moves confidently does not necessarily have a better self-image than someone who doesn't seem (C) [condescending / condensing]

33.

When our ears hear a threatening sound ① approach us, our brains make us ② believe that the source of the sound will reach us sooner than it actually will. In this way, our brains give us extra time ③ to escape. Recently, however, researchers have discovered that the length of the escape time ④ when our brains provide depends on our physical fitness. When we are threatened by approaching danger, ⑤ those with weaker bodies are more likely to depend on escape to survive. This is because they generally lack the strength to fight back. Therefore, the weaker we are, the longer our escape time.

34.

Researchers recently studied the sleeping patterns of a colony of fire ants containing three queens, 30 workers and 30 larvae. A glass cover atop the colony allowed them to be continuously filmed. The researchers found that worker ants took approximately 250 short naps a day at (A)________

intervals, with each one lasting about a minute.

They also found, however, the queens fell asleep at far more regular intervals than worker ants. In fact, the queens even (B)________ their naps, with all three queens dozing together. After they woke up, they separated. While the workers averaged about four hours of sleep per day, the queens averaged more than nine. This may explain why queens live for years and worker ants only live for months.

(1) 위 글의 (A)에 들어갈 표현을 본문의 단어를 활용하여 문맥에 맞게 쓰시오.

(2) 위 글의 (B)에 들어갈 단어를 보기의 사전 뜻을 참고하 여 한 단어로 쓰시오.

<보 기>

If you do two activities, processes, or movements, or if you do one activity, process, or movement with another, you cause them to happen at the same time and speed as each other.

35.

In the 1920s, a theory that the faster an animal's metabolism is, the sooner it dies, known as the rate-of-living theory, was first introduced. The basic concept is that aging is caused by expending energy. In other words, the more quickly you expend your energy, the shorter your life span becomes. An experiment was conducted to test this theory. One group of mice was kept at cold temperatures throughout their lives, while the other group was kept at warm temperatures. According to the theory, the cold group, which had to expend more energy to maintain body temperature, would have had shorter life spans than the warm group.

However, there was ___________________________

between the two groups, casting considerable doubt on the theory.

① any energy loss

② anti-aging secret

③ different metabolism

④ no noteworthy difference

⑤ failure of controling the temperature

36.

When Australian James Harrison was just 13, he

① went through major surgery on his lungs and required 13 liters of blood. He realized that donated blood had saved his life, so he ② swore to begin donating his own when he turned 18. He kept his pledge, and doctors soon made a surprising discovery. Harrison's blood contains a ③ scarce antibody that can prevent Rh disease, a condition that occurs when the blood types of a mother and her unborn child are ④ incompatible.

This disease can lead to the child's red blood cells being destroyed, causing brain damage or even death. After learning this, Harrison agreed to take part in the development of a vaccine that could be given to pregnant mothers at risk of Rh disease.

Since that time, he's donated blood more than 1,000 times and ⑤ jeopardize the lives of more than two million babies.

37.

In the past, news reporters were usually very diligent about identifying the sources of information they presented. Recently, though, I’ve noticed a troubling trend. Reporters seem to be neglecting their duties to the public, choosing to keep their sources anonymous. Of course, in some cases this is called for, such as when quoting a whistleblower about corruption in his or her organization.

National security stories may also require a source to remain anonymous. But I’m talking about general, everyday news stories in which the sources of statements and information aren’t provided. Today’s reporters overuse phrases like

“Experts say ...” and “According to politicians ....”

I want to know who the experts and the politicians are. If I’m going to believe something I read in the newspaper, I need to know who said it.

→ In the past, it was the duty for news reporters (A)________ the sources of information, but these days they prefer to keep the sources (B)________.

① disclose / anonymous ② identify / unanimous

③ indicate / identified ④ conceal / identified

⑤ disguise / anonymous

38.

The term “cockpit” originally referred to an actual pit in the ground, (A) [which / where] trained roosters, also called “cocks,” would fight one another. This brutal practice, known as cockfighting, originated in ancient China and eventually spread to Europe. By the 16th century, the word “cockpit” was being used in the English language. In the 1700s, people began to use it to describe any area where combat took place, such as traditional battlefields. Later, during World War I, pilots (B) [adopting / adopted] the term to describe the small, uncomfortable area in their fighter planes in which they were confined. In modern English, a “cockpit” refers to the area of an airplane (C) [to use / used] by the pilots and flight crew. Although today’s cockpits are much larger and more luxurious than in the past, the word is still commonly used.

① which / adopting / to use

② which / adopted / used

③ where / adopted / used

④ where / adopting / used

⑤ where / adopted / to used

39.

It is likely that astronauts will travel to Mars sometime in the near future. Because the average distance between Mars and Earth is about 225 million kilometers, the entire journey will probably take two years or longer. Therefore, providing the astronauts with enough to eat is a major challenge.

With this in mind, scientists are looking for ways to allow astronauts ______________________________.

This is an attractive solution because seeds would take up far less storage space on a spacecraft than packaged meals. Once the astronauts arrived at their destination, they could set up special gardens and plant the seeds.

NASA, in fact, has already been conducting experiments to find out what might grow on Mars.

One big difference between Mars and Earth is the soil. On Mars, the soil is mostly made up of crushed rocks, so it has few or no nutrients.

NASA used crushed volcanic rock from Hawaii, which also contains few nutrients, for their test garden and found that they could grow lettuce.

Although the lettuce had weak roots and took a long time to grow, it tasted normal. They plan on trying a number of different vegetables next, to find out how long they would take to grow on Mars. The information they are learning now is likely to be very valuable in the future.

① to plant their crops for good health

② to reproduce crops as much as possible

③ to extend their food demand by growing crops

④ to extend their food supply by growing crops

⑤ to save their food supply by eating less crops

40.

Pamukkale is an amazing natural site located in southwestern Turkey. Its name means “cotton castle” in Turkish, and it is home to numerous hot springs and travertine terraces made up of minerals left behind by the flowing water.

(A) When this water evaporated, it left behind calcium carbonate that slowly built up in layers, like stalactites in a cave.

(B) This phenomenon began when earthquakes created fractures in the ground thousands of years ago. Powerful underground hot springs rose up through these cracks, bringing mineral-rich water to the earth’s surface.

(C) A town called Hierapolis, meaning “Holy City,”

was later built above the site by the Greeks, who believed the milky waters had healing powers. Pamukkale is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and its pools have been partly closed off to prevent damage.

① (A)―(B)―(C) ② (A)―(C)―(B) ③ (B)―(A)―(C)

④ (B)―(C)―(A) ⑤ (C)―(B)―(A)

41.

In 1941, Disney made Dumbo, a short, animated film about a baby elephant who could use his giant ears to fly. The movie was made at an important time for the company. ① Disney had wanted its previous animated film, Fantasia, to become a yearly series. However, Fantasia did not become popular and was, rather a very expensive failure.

② The film remains unique in the history of motion pictures, and one of the most persistently fascinating intersections between classical music and popular culture. ③ As a result, Disney decided to make Dumbo to recover some of the losses. ④ Dumbo, based on a short story, was made simply and inexpensively, and was one of Disney's shortest animated features. ⑤ Without a large budget, the animators didn't need to spend much time on detailed backgrounds and they focused on making the characters appealing. Today, Dumbo is recognized as an outstanding example of American animation.

42.

The "veil of ignorance" is a concept that was first proposed by the political philosopher John Rawls.

The idea can be summed up as follows: When setting up laws for a society, you should assume that you could end up in any social position.

Following this way of thinking, people would likely reject slavery, because there is a chance that they would find themselves slaves instead of slave owners. Rawls believed that by keeping the "veil of ignorance" in mind, society would naturally adopt fair, social-democratic policies. When you don't know where you will be on the socioeconomic ladder, strong redistribution and generous social welfare policies become much more attractive.

→ If you don't know your future (A)________, you may think impartial, social-democratic policies are (B)________.

① political position / appealing

② incomes / miserable

③ social position / enticing

④ political position / persuasive

⑤ social position / accessible

43.

Some of the waste that the urine humans flush away every day could ____________________________.

So it may even one day be used in therapies for neurological diseases. In other words, recycled urine cells could also help doctors treat certain brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's. In addition, creating cells from urine could allow scientist to avoid the controversial issue of embryonic stem cell research altogether. Also, unlike embryonic stem cells, which have a high risk of developing tumors, urine―derived cells are not likely to develop tumors. This makes using urine to develop cells safer. Plus, urine is more available and easier to access than other sources such as blood or skin samples.

① be used to treat developing brain tumors

② transform a malignant tumor into benign tumor

③ be a source of brain cells to make valuable brain cells

④ be transplanted easily from donor to donee

⑤ make the danger of embryonic stem cells

44.

When our skin is broken by a sharp object, our nerve fibers are damaged, which causes us to experience feelings of pain. It seems logical to expect that a large cut would hurt more than a small one. However, most people agree that tiny paper cuts are significantly more painful than

"normal" cuts of a larger size. One reason for this is location. Paper cuts usually occur on the palms of our hands or on the fingertips, two parts of the body with a large number of nerve fibers. A paper cuts on the hand, however, will generally hurt more than a normal cut in the same spot. This is because, compared to most sharp objects, paper had edges that are ____________________. For this reason, it causes more damage to the skin than something like a razor, which tends to cut through material smoothly and quickly. It's like cutting steak with a knife that isn't sharp. You have to saw at it more times than you do with a sharp one, so the steak gets torn up. Another reason is

that paper cuts are not deep, so they don't bleed very much. As a result, the nerve fibers are exposed to the air for a longer period of time, during which they continue to send pain messages to the brain.

① blunt and pliable ② sharp and sensitive

③ tender and soft ④ harmful and sharp

⑤ inelastic and hard

45.

Because everyone's DNA is unique, it can be used by the police to find criminals. It also helps archaeologist better understand the human remains they dig up, However, DNA degrades over time, which can make it less useful. That's why some scientists are now looking at human hair protein as a possible alternative. The protein found in human hair _____________________, and its structure differs from person to person. They therefore believed that this protein could possibly be used as another way of identifying individuals. To test their theory, the scientists studied six hair samples from people who lived as long as 250 years ago, along with samples of 76 living people from various ethnic backgrounds. They discovered many different structures, which allowed them to find the person's identity. Now they are trying to find a set of 100 basic structures that would make it possible to tell one person from another using a single strand of hair. Research is till underway, but the scientists hope their work will make it easier for police and archaeologists to do their jobs in the future.

① is more flexible than DNA

② is as stable as DNA

③ is more stable than DNA

④ is less stable than DNA

⑤ is as useful as DNA

정 답

1) ② 2) ⑤ 3) ④ 4) ⑤ 5) ④ 6) ④ 7) ③ 8) ① 9) ⑤ 10) ② 11) ① 12) ③ 13) ① 14) ④ 15) ② 16) ③ 17) ⑤ 18) ⑤ 19) ② 20) ⑤ 21) ②

22) (1) (B)-(C)-(A) / ① more → fewer 23) ④

24) ①

25) (1) auditory / (2) integrate 26) ③

27) ④ 28) ②

29) (1) ① considering → consider / (2) not only does this practice benefit farmers and consumers

30) ② 31) ⑤

32) (A) successful / (B) similar / (C) condescending

33) ④

34) (1) irregular / (2) synchronized 35) ④

36) ⑤ 37) ① 38) ③ 39) ④ 40) ③

41) ② 42) ③ 43) ④ 44) ① 45) ③