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3강. 프로세스 모델링 및 분석

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3강. 프로세스 모델링 및 분석

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학습 목표

• 프로세스 모델링과 모델에 대한 이해

• 프로세스 모델링 구성 요소

• 분석의 목적과 분석 유형

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모델링(1)

• 모델 ?

- simplified view of a complex reality - a means of creating abstraction

- it enables to eliminate irrelevant details and focus on one or more important aspects at a time

Real

World 모델

Factory House 정보시스템

Machine (Drawing)

Abstraction

분석

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모델링(2)

• 모델링 = Process of Abstraction (Grouping, Classification, Relationship..)

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프로세스 모델링(1)

• 비즈니스 프로세스 모델

- An abstraction of how a business functions.

- It describes:

activities within the business how they relate to

how they interact with the resources in the business to achieve a goal for the process.

*

*

*

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프로세스 모델링(2)

• Why Business Process Modeling?

- To better understand the key mechanisms of an existing business.

(As-Is Process)

- To act as the basis for creating suitable information systems that support the business.

- To act as the basis for improving the current business structure and operation.

- To show the structure of an innovated business. (To-Be process)

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• Business Modeling Constructs

1) Process : a collection of activities that takes one or more kinds of input and creates an output that is of value to the customer. (e.g., order fulfillment process)

A process has a goal and is affected by events.

2) resource (entity) : Concepts or “things” used in the business

processes such as physical things(e.g., machine), abstract things (e.g., agreement), people, or information resources.

3) Rule : a statement that defines or constraints some aspect of the business processes, and represents business knowledge.

(e.g., if customer’s credit card is valid, accept order for book) 4) Goal : the desired state of one or more resources.

Goals are attached to the entire business and to processes within the business.

프로세스 모델링(3)

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• Principles of Modeling

- Separation of concerns: be analyzed piece by piece, each one corresponding to an existing separate functional area.

- Functional decomposition: stepwise decomposition & refinement - generalization: generic class to factor common descriptive

attributes and behaviors.

- Reusability

- separation of behavior and functionality - decoupling of process and resource

- conformity: syntax and semantics of model.

- model visualization - simplicity

* F. B. Vernadat, Enterprise Modeling and Integration: principles and applications, Chap3, Chapman & Hall, London, UK, 1996.

모델링 원칙

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프로세스 분석(1)

• leads to important insights into the behavior of the modeled system.

• 목적

* optimization: finding the best values for decision variables.

* performance prediction: checking potential plans and sensitivity

* control: aiding the selection of desired control rules

* insight: providing better understanding of systems * justification: aiding in selling decisions and

supporting viewpoints.

Ronald G. Askin and Charles R. Standridge, Modeling and analysis of manufacturing systems, John Wiley

& Sons, New York, 1993.

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프로세스 분석(2)

• 분석 유형

* qualitative analysis:

- specify the possible behavior of a model

- specify the structural correctness of a model.

* quantitative analysis: performance evaluation (ex: queuing theory, simulation)

Wil van der Aalst and Kees van Hee, Workflow management-models, methods, and systems, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2002.

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프로세스 분석 사례(1)

• 프로세스 분석 사례:

* 은행의 대출 심사 프로세스 * 분석적 시뮬레이션 방법 이용

• 시뮬레이션의 종류

- analytic simulation: deterministic value (평균치)를 이용한 산술적 계산.

- discrete event simulation: process내의 변동 (dynamics)를 고려 한 시뮬레이션.

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프로세스 분석 사례(2)

A.신용 자료수집

C.심사 B.신용도

평가

D.대출

E.대출 기각 대출액 >1천만원

Risk=low

Accept

=Yes 30%

70% 50%

50%

20%

80%

(Process frequency: 1000 case/week)

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프로세스 분석 사례(3)

(1) Activity execution frequency

from 신용자료 신용도 심사 합계 to 수집 평가

A.신용자료 1000

수집 B.신용도 300 300

평가 (30%)

C.심사 700 150 850

(70%)

E.대출 기각 170 170

D.대출 150 690 830

(2) Process Path Probability

Rank process instance % number 1 A-C-D 56 560

2 A-B-D 15 150

3 A-C-E 14 140

4 A-B-C-D 12 120

5 A-B-C-E 3 30

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프로세스 분석 사례(4)

(3) Minimum processing time

Rank process instance time

1 A-C-D 35

2 A-B-D 20

3 A-C-E 35

4 A-B-C-D 40

5 A-B-C-E 40 Activity time(분) role

A신용자료수집 10 대출담당 B신용평가 5 대출담당 C심사 20 관리자 D대출 5 대출담당 E대출기각 5 대출담당

(activity duration)

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프로세스 분석 사례(5)

(4) Resource Determination

수행건수 대출담당자 관리자 시간(분) 시간(분)

A.신용자료 1000 10000 수집

B.신용도 300 1500 평가

C.심사 850 17000 D.대출 830 4150

E.대출기각 170 850

합계 1000 16500 17000 평균 1 16.5 17

* 1주일에 40 시간 근무:

-> 7 대출담당자, 7 관리자필요.

(2400x7=16800)

Activity time(분) role

A신용자료수집 10 대출담당 B신용평가 5 대출담당 C심사 20 관리자 D대출 5 대출담당 E대출기각 5 대출담당

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프로세스 분석 사례(6)

(5) Cost Determination

- 대출담당자: 6천원/10분, 관리자: 9천원/10분. (노무비+경비)

Activity time(10분) cost total cost

신용자료수집 1000 6 6000

신용평가 150 6 900

심사 1700 9 15300

대출 415 6 2490

대출기각 85 6 510

Total 25200

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프로세스 분석 사례(7)

A.신용 자료수집

C.심사 B.신용도

평가 D.대출

E.대출 기각 대출액 >천만원

Risk=low

Accept

=Yes 30%

70% 50%

50%

20%

80%

대출액 >이천만원 60%

40%

60%

40%

(6) Process Optimization

- objective: process cost reduction

- 전체 코스트의 50%이 ‘심사’프로세스에 관련.

- 심사 과정으로 가는 건수를 줄임.

- 천만원~이천만원 대출요청이 전체의 30%

- 심사대상 대출요청을 이천만원 이상으로 조정.

-대출담당자가 대출승인을 할 수 있는 책임 부과.(50%->60%)

- 11.4% cost saving

Activity time(10분) cost total cost

신용자료수집 1000 6 6000

신용평가 300 6 1800

심사 1280 9 11520

대출 436 6 2616

대출기각 64 6 384

Total 22320

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• 모델링이란 무엇인가 ?

* simplified view of a complex reality * a means of creating abstraction

* it enables to eliminate irrelevant details and focus on one or more important aspects at a time

• 비즈니스 프로세스 모델링의 구성 요소

* Process, * resource (entity), * Rule, * Goal

• 프로세스 분석 목적

* optimization, * performance prediction, * control * insight * justification

• 프로세스 분석 유형

* Qualitative analysis * quantitative analysis

학습 요약

참조

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