On the Occurrence of Pempheris schwenkii(Pempheridae) atJeju Island: an Addition to Korean Ichthyofauna

Two species of Pempheridae, Parapriacanthus ransonneti Steindachner, 1870 and Pempheris japonica Döderlein in Steindachner and Döder- lein, 1883, have been reported from Korean waters thus far (Choi et al., 2002; Youn, 2002). A third species of the family, Pempheris schwenkii Bleeker, 1855, was recently collected from Jeju Island, southern Korea. Because Pempheris is taxonomically confused, a thorough revision of the genus being required (Mooi, 2001), it is likely that the identity of P. schwenkii will be recon- sidered in the future. The Korean specimens are described below and compared with conspecific Japanese specimens. Methods of counts and me- asurements followed Hubbs and Lagler (1964).

Pempheris schwenkii Bleeker, 1855

(New Korean name: Nam-bang-ju-geok-chi) (Fig. 1; Table 1)

Pempheris schwenkii Bleeker, 1855: 314 (type locality: Sumatra).

Pempheris xanthopterus Tominaga, 1963: 286 (type locality: central to southern Japan).

?Pempheris japonicus (not of Döderlein in Stein-

dachner and Döderlein, 1883) : Chyung, 1954:

308 (Busan); 1977: 366 (Busan).

Material examined. MRIC (Marine and Envi- ronmental Research Institute, Cheju National University, Korea) 469, 131.2 mm SL (standard length), MRIC 470, 133.5 mm SL, MRIC 471, 113.3 mm SL, MRIC 473, 82.7 mm SL, MRIC 474, 89.7 mm SL, all collected from a rocky coast at Hayae- dong, Andeok-myeon, Namjeju-gun, Jeju Island, Korea, rod and line, 16 December 2002, coll. B.J.

Kim, G. Shinohara and M. Yabe. Thirty-five BSKU (Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Japan) specimens from Kochi Prefecture, southern Japan, were also ex- amined for comparison (not included in descr- iption).

Description. Dorsal fin rays VI, 8~9; anal f in rays III, 35~38; pectoral fin rays 17; scales on lateral line 49~51; scales above lateral line 4 (uppermost small), below lateral line 9~10; gill rakers 8~10±21~23. Proportions as % SL: head length 28.0~30.6; body depth 41.3~46.2; body width 14.5~16.5; predorsal length 34.0~37.4;

preanal length 55.4~59.7; caudal peduncle length 9.8~12.7; caudal peduncle depth 8.3~9.3;

snout length 6.2~7.1; eye diameter 11.0~12.2;

interorbital width 8.1~9.1; upper jaw length

─

─ 181 ──

On the Occurrence of Pempheris schwenkii (Pempheridae) at Jeju Island: an Addition to Korean Ichthyofauna

Byung-Jik Kim* and Kunio Sasaki

Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Cheju National University, 3288 Hamdeok-ri, Jocheon-eup, Bukjeju-gun Jeju-do 695-814, Korea

1Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520, Japan

Pempheris schwenkii Bleeker was reported for the first time from Korean waters, based upon five specimens (82.7~133.5 mm SL) from Jeju Island, southern Korea.

Variations in morphological and meristic characters of the Korean specimens fell within the ranges recorded for Japanese specimens. The new Korean name “nam-- bang--ju--geok--chi” is proposed for the species.

Key words : Pempheris schwenkii, Pempheridae, new record, Korea

*Corresponding author: [email protected])

14.3~17.5; lower jaw length 14.6~18.6; first dor- sal fin soft ray length 20.5~22.6; dorsal fin base length 15.8~17.8; third anal fin spine length 4.9~7.4; anal fin base length 44.7~50.3; pectoral fin length 27.0~29.4; pelvic fin length 14.4~17.3;

gill raker length 5.8~7.7; gill filament length 3.6~4.6. Proportions as % HL (head length):

snout length 22.1~23.3; eye diameter 38.9~40.3;

interorbital width 27.3~31.3; upper jaw length 50.3~57.3; lower jaw length 52.3~60.9; gill raker length 19.8~26.0; gill filament length 11.9~15.6.

Body depth greater than head length. Dorsal fin high, the longest soft ray (f irst) longer than dorsal f in base length; anal fin base very long, basal half covered with minute cycloid scales; pe- ctoral f in about twice as long as pelvic fin. Teeth all small, conical, neither convoluted nor directed outward; upper and lower jaw teeth arranged in three or four rows anteriorly, decreasing to a single row posteriorly; a row of teeth arranged along anteroventral margin of vomer; two rows of teeth on palatine. Lateral line scales much sm- aller than surrounding scales, their sensory tu- bes longer than wide, extending to hind margin of caudal f in. Scales on body comprising surface and

concealed scales; the former large and cycloid (except for finely ctenoid scales on throat and mid-dorsal surface of body behind dorsal fin); the latter small and cycloid. A weak keel along mid- sagittal line of throat.

Color after preservation. In alcohol, dark brownish-gray on dorsal surface of body, becom- ing silvery on f lank and ventral surface of body;

tip and leading edge of dorsal fin dark; scaled ba- sal part of anal f in and posterior margin of cau- dal fin dark.

Distribution. Known from the Indo-Pacif ic:

East Africa (Heemstra, 1986) through Indonesia (Allen and Adrim, 2003), Australia (Randall et al., 1990), Micronesia (Myer, 1999), Japan (Hato- oka, 2002) and Korea (present study).

Remarks. According to Mooi (2001) and Hato- oka (2002), Indo-West Pacific Pempheris speci- mens with a longitudinal keel on the throat, 6 dor- sal f in spines, and relatively large scales (46~53 lateral line scales and 3 or 4 scales between the origin of dorsal fin and lateral line) are iden- tifiable as P. schwenkii Bleeker. Although the name P. xanthopterus Tominaga 1963, long appl- ied to specimens from the Japanese Archipelago (e.g., Hayashi, 1984), was synonymized without reason under P. schwenkii by Hatooka (1993), the latter action appears to have been valid, owing to the lack of consideration of possible intraspecific variations in P. schwenkii by Tominaga (1963, table 5). Chyung (1954, 1977) reported P. japoni- cus from Korea (Busan) as having 41~49 lateral line scales. Although his P. japonicus was likely to be P. schwenkii, it was not possible to confirm the identity based on his short descriptions.

182 Byung--Jik Kim and Kunio Sasaki

Fig. 1. Pempheris schwenkii, MRIC 470, 133.5 mm SL, Hayae-dong, Andeok-myeon, Namjeju-gun, Jeju Island, Korea.

Table 1. Comparisons of selected counts in Pempheris schwenkii from Korea (Jeju Island) and Japan (Kochi)

Dorsal f in Anal f in Pectroal

soft rays soft rays fin rays

8 9 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 15 16 17 18

Korea 2 3 - - 2 1 2 - - - 5 -

Japan 5 30 2 7 7 7 6 4 1 1 1 - 15 19

In both counts (Table 1) and body proportions, Korean (Jeju Island) specimens of P. schwenkii fell within the ranges recorded for Japanese (Ko- chi) specimens. Although the keel on the throat was weakly developed in all of the Korean spec- imens, the development in Japanese specimens varied from similarly weak to rather prominent.

Pempheris schwenkii in the Japanese region, extends from the Pacific coast of central Japan (Chiba Pref.) to the Ryukyu Islands, the closest locality to Jeju Island being the Goto Islands, Nagasaki Pref. (approximately 250 km east of the former) (Tominaga, 1963). Being volcanic in orig- in with mostly rocky coasts (i.e., former lava fie- lds), Jeju Island apparently provides favorable habitats for pempherids that tend to form aggre- gations in caves by day (Randall et al., 1990).

Acknowledgements

This paper is a contribution to Taxonomic and faunal studies of the fishes in Korea and adjac- ent waters, a FiSCUP (Fisheries Sciences, Core University Program, JSPS & KOSEF) program.

G. Hardy, Ngunguru, New Zealand, read the manuscript and offered helpful comments.

References

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Choi, Y., J.H. Kim and J.Y. Park. 2002. Marine fishes of Korea. Kyo -Hak Publishing, Seoul, pp.

1 ~879. (in Korean)

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Hatooka, K. 1993. Family Pempheridae. In: Naka- bo, T. (ed.), Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, first edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 768 ~769, 1329.

Hatooka, K. 2002. Family Pempheridae. In: Naka- bo, T. (ed.), Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 878 ~879, 1562.

Hayashi, M. 1984. Family Pempheridae. In: Masu- da, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T.

Yoshino (eds.), The fishes of the Japanese Archi- pelago. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, p. 165, pl.

151.

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hensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micron- esia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam, pp. 1 ~300.

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Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 61 : 623~642, pls. 1 ~5.

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Tominaga, Y. 1963. A revision of the fishes of the family Pempheridae of Japan. J. Fac. Sci. Univ.

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On the occurrence of P. schwenkin 183

Received : April 22, 2004 Accepted : June 10, 2004

제주도에서 출현한 주걱치과

(

)

,

:

김 병 직

*

Kunio Sasaki

제주대학교 해양과환경연구소

제주도 남부연안 암초지대에서 채집된 주걱치과 어류

를 한국미기록종으 로 보고하였다

본 종은 흉부에 융기선이 잘 발달하고

등지느러미 극조가

개

그리고 측선린이

개인 특징이 있으며

제주산 표본의 계수

계측형질은 일본 고치

산 표본의 것과 잘 일치하였다

본종의 국명은

남방주걱치

라 명명하였다

184 Byung--Jik Kim and Kunio Sasaki