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Influence of Water Temperature on Air Temperature around Eastern and Western Coastal Areas of the Korean Peninsula during Winter

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(1)

92

Copyright © 2019 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815

서 론

해수표면에서 해양

·

대기 상호 열교환에 의한 수온

·

기온변

동은다양한시공간적규모로써 발생할있다

. Hong et al.

(2001)

동해전역의장기표면수온자료를이용하여적도해역

ENSO

현상이동해표면수온변화와관련성있음을보고한

있다

.

특히

Hong (2008)

지난세기

ENSO

규모가가장 컸던

1982-83

1997-98 ENSO

경우

,

그들이발생하기

1

년전

(1981, 1996),

한국동해역

100 m

층에극저수온현상 나타남을보였고

[(Hong (2008)

Fig. 4

참조

)],

원인이 평년대비

,

대마난류주축

(10℃

등온선

)

남하현상

(36°N

)

관련성이있음을보고하였다

.

Fig. 1 (NGII, 2007)

에서있듯이

, 2

한반도내륙기온 겨울철의전형적인서고동저형기압배치에영향을받아 체로북쪽이낮고남쪽으로갈수록높아지는경향을보이고

,

·

서해연안쪽은내륙에비해전반적으로

1-3℃

높은경향

보인다

.

이는해양성기후의영향이탓으로해석된다

.

특히 동해안속초

-

포항을잇는해안선에서킬로미터내륙은 서방향기온수평구배가현저하게

(

4-5℃)

해양성기후의 영향이한반도어느연안보다도것이주목된다

.

이러한 향은

, Table 1

에서보여주듯이

,

동계

(12

-2

)

강릉과인천에

기상청누년

(1970-2000

)

월평균기온자료를비교함으로

보다있다

.

강릉

(37.8°N)

인천

(37.5°N)

비교 거의동일위도상임에도불구하고동계

2.44℃

높은기온 보이고있고

, 1

월에차가가장크다

(2.7℃).

연구에서는이처럼동계한반도

·

서해연안역의기온대 원인을누년국립수산과학원연안정지관측수온

·

기온자료 이용하여조사하는것이주목적이다

.

특히이와같은

·

서해 연안의기온대조에연안역수온의영향이크게작용하고있음 주목하여조사한다

.

비록여기서는특정지역

(

속초

,

소청도

)

중심으로분석한다할지라도연구결과는향후분야의 연구에좋은기초정보를제공할것으로예상된다

.

동계 한반도 동·서 연안역 기온에 미치는 수온의 영향

홍철훈*

부경대학교 해양생산시스템관리학부

Influence of Water Temperature on Air Temperature around Eastern and Western Coastal Areas of the Korean Peninsula during Winter

Chul-Hoon Hong*

Division of Marine Production System Management, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea

The influence of water temperature (WT) on air temperature (AT) in the eastern and western coastal regions of the Korean peninsula in the winter was investigated using historical data from the Korean Meteorological Agency (KMA) and the National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), focusing on the relationship between AT and WT. The data analysis shows that, during winter, the AT is generally higher by +1.9 to +2.7℃ at Kangreung (37.2°N) in the eastern region than at Inchon (37.4°N) in the western region, i.e., the AT in the eastern region of the Korean Peninsula tends to be higher overall than that in the western region when similar latitudes are compared. On the other hand, in the winters of 1977-2006, the WT at Sokcho was higher by +0.8℃ (January) to +2.3℃ (March) than that at Sochun- gdo, directly resulting in increased AT (+1.22℃) at Sokcho. This study suggests that higher AT in the eastern region during winter is caused by the influence of water flow, such as the East Korean Warm Current in the East/Japan Sea.

Key words: Winter, Water/Air temperature, Eastern/Western coastal region, East Korean Warm Current

*Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 51. 629. 5890 Fax: +82. 51. 629. 5885 E-mail address: [email protected]

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received 30 January 2019; Revised 13 February 2019; Accepted 15 February 2019 저자 직위: 홍철훈(교수)

https://doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2019.0092

Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 52(1), 92-96, February 2019

(2)

동·서 연안역 기온에 미치는 수온영향

93

특성을상대적으로가장반영할것으로예상된다

.

한편

,

반적으로

동계

정의함에있어육지는

12

-2

,

해양은 지에비해상대적으로비열이높은관계로

1

-3

월로정의한

.

따라서여기서는강릉인천은내륙기준으로

,

속초 청도는해양내부에

(

또는근접

)

위치한것을고려

,

편의상

‘1

-3

정의하였다

.

결과 및 고찰

Fig. 2

속초

(SC)

소청도

(SD)

에서 동계

(1-3

),

누년

(1977-2006)

평균기온을나타낸다

.

동기간전반적으로속초가

소청도보다기온이높은경향을보이고있으며

,

크기는선형 경향

(linear trend;

굵은실선

)

고려했을평균적으로

0.8-1.8℃

높았다

.

속초의경우

,

동기간

1980

동계에가장

낮은기온을보였는데

, 1981

하계

,

한국동해연안역에서

세기가장낮은냉수년을기록한것은흥미롭다

(Hong et al., 1984; Hong, 2008).

비록여기서현상의직접적관련성을 시하기는어렵지만

,

해양

·

대기열교환과정과해양의비열이 점을고려해

,

일정부분대응관계가있는것처럼보인

.

한편

,

속초에서

1985

년을중심으로전후기간

,

기온차가

(

1℃)

점이나

,

지점모두전반적으로기온상승경 향을보이는점은최근지적되고있는한반도주변의온난화

Table 1. Climatological mean AT at KR and IC, wintertime (Dec-Feb), 1970-2000.

Stations Locations Month (℃) Mean AT

(℃) ∆AT (℃)

(KR - IC)

Dec Jan Feb

Kangreung (KR) 37.8°N, 129.1°E 3.3 0.3 1.4 1.67

Inchon (IC) 37.5°N, 126.7°E 0.6 -2.4 -0.5 -0.77 2.44

AT, Air temperature.

Fig. 1. January mean air temperature (AT) in the southern Korean peninsula, 1971-2000. Source: National Geographic Information Institute, 2007. Characters, KR, IC, SC, and SD represent Kan- greung (37.8°N, 129.1°E), Inchon (37.5°N, 126.7°E), Sokcho (38.2°N, 128.6°E), and Sochungdo (37.8°N, 124.72°E), respec- tively. Reproduced from National Institute of Fisheries Science (2008).

KR

0 IC

-5 SC

KR

0 IC -5

37°

35°

39° N

33°

125° 127° 129° E

SC

SD SD

Fig. 2. Wintertime (January-March) interannual monthly mean AT at Sokcho (SD, solid line) and Sochungdo (SC, dashed lime), 1977-2006. Linear trends of AT fluctuations at two stations are roughly depicted by thick lines.

자료 및 방법

연구에서는 국립수산과학원연안정지관측자료

,

누년

(1977-2006)

수온

·

기온자료를이용하였으며

,

·

서해연안역 대표지점으로서

,

각각속초

(SC, 38.2°N, 128.6°E)

소청도

(SD; 37.8°N, 124.7°E) (Fig. 1)

선정하였다

.

이들은비록

양연안역

’(

속초

)

또는

해양내부도서

’(

소청도

)

라는다소지리적 차이는있더라도각각한반도남쪽

,

·

연안역최북단에 치한유사위도의관측점들이므로동계의수온

·

기온의해역별

(3)

(

예를들면

, Kim, 2010)

일정부분반영된것처럼보였다

. Fig. 3

조사기간동안속초

(Fig. 3a)

소청도

(Fig. 3b)

서의기온

(

실선

)

수온

(

점선

)

누년월평균변동을보여준다

.

전기간에걸쳐지점에서의기온수온변동이월별과연별 모두전반적으로대응하고있어상호밀접한상관성을보여 주었다

.

변동진폭은기온이수온보다다소경향

(1-5℃)

타내었으며

,

이러한특성은누년월별수온

·

기온의분포

(Fig. 4)

에서보다있다

.

,

동계

(1-3

)

평균수온기온이 속초

(Fig. 4a)

에서는각각

6.44℃

4.11℃,

소청도

(Fig. 4b)

서는각각

4.63℃

2.89℃

로서

,

지점모두수온이기온보다 높았으며

(

각각

2.33℃, 1.74℃),

특히지점간수온기온

(SC-SD) (Fig. 4c, Table 2)

,

속초가소청도보다동계 수온기온이모두높았다

(

각각

1.81℃, 1.22℃).

흥미로운

,

강릉

(1.67℃)

인천

(-0.77℃)

비교해

(Table 1),

소청도기온이각각

+2.44℃

+3.66℃

지점모두 높았다는점이다

.

이러한차이는지점이내륙이아닌해양내부에근접

(

또는 위치

)

수온의영향을크게받았기때문인것으로해석된다

.

한편

,

기온은대개

3

월을기점으로지점모두수온보다 르게증가하나

8

월에최대치를보이고

, 9

-10

월에걸쳐빠르 감소하는경향을보였다

.

하계

(

예로서

8

)

경우도 계처럼속초의수온

(22.68℃)

기온

(25.09℃)

소청도의

(20.68℃)

기온

(23.86℃)

보다높게

(

각각

2℃

1.23℃)

나타났다

.

다만

,

수온기온의전이시기는동계

,

하계모두 초가소청도보다반월정도선행하였다

(Fig. 4a, Fig. 4b).

초와소청도의누년수온

(

점선

)

기온

(

실선

)

월별편차

(SC- SD) (Fig. 4c)

보면이들모두연중양의편차를보여

,

속초의 수온기온이연중소청도보다높았다

.

다만

, 1

기온은 지점사이의편차가거의없는것으로나타나앞서강릉

·

인천

(

1)

경우와차이를보였다

.

이들편차는

,

기온의경우

, 1-4

급속히증가

, 4

월에최대치

(4.23℃)

보인서서히감소 하는경향을보인반면

,

수온의경우는

1

월부터

6

월까지기온에

Table 2. Climatological monthly mean AT and WT at SC and SD, wintertime (Jan-Mar), 1977-2006

Stations Locations Month (℃) Mean WT/AT

(℃) ∆WT/AT(℃)

(SC-SD)

Jan Feb Mar

Sokcho (SC) 38.2°N, 128.6°E WT 6.69 5.92 6.71 6.44

1.81/1.22

AT 1.98 3.18 7.17 4.11

Sochungdo (SD) 37.8°N, 124.7°E WT 5.99 4.01 4.90 4.63

AT 1.98 1.93 3.90 2.89

AT, Air temperature.

Fig. 3. Monthly mean AT (solid line) and water temperature (dashed line) at Sokcho (Fig. 3a) and Sochungdo (Fig. 3b), respectively, 1977- 2006.

(4)

동·서 연안역 기온에 미치는 수온영향

95

비해상대적으로서서히증가

, 6

월에최대편차

(3.53℃)

보인

,

다시감소하는경향을보였다

.

특히

6-12

월은미미하기는 수온

·

기온공히

2

개월주기로진동하고감소하는경향을 점이주목되었다

.

연구결과에서동해연안역최북단에위치한속초

(38.0°N)

수온기온이서해역최북단에해당되는소청도

(37.7°N)

보다연중높은수온기온을보인다는

(Fig. 4C)

이들이

조사기간

(1977-2006)

동안대체로동일위상변화

(Fig. 3)

보이고

,

해양

·

대기의상호열교환이상시이루어진다는점을 려해

,

속초해역에연중영향을미치고있는동한난류의 향이것으로예상된다

. Fig. 5

보여주듯이

,

동계

(2

)

누년

한반도주변표면수온분포

(

수로국

, 1982) (Fig. 5a)

에서

,

예컨

5℃

등온선을

,

속초와소청도근해역수온차

(SC-SD)

매우

(

2-3℃)

있다

.

위성영상자료

(Fig. 5b; 4

)

에서있듯이동한난류의영향에기인한결과로예상할 있다

.

서해연안역의표면수온은대체로

8-15℃

범위인데 비해동해연안역의표면수온은대한해협에서속초

(SC)

연안까

대체로

16-20℃

범위를보여서해연안보다크게높았으며

(

평균

6.5℃),

이것은동한난류의영향때문이다

.

결과적으로 동계동한난류의영향이한반도동쪽

(

속초

)

연안역수온상승을 가져오고영향으로내륙

(

강릉

)

기온상승효과를유인한것으 해석된다

.

그러나이러한높은상호

(

수온

·

기온

·

동한난류

)

Fig. 5. Climatological monthly mean SST (Fig. 5a) in February, and Satellite image SST (Fig. 5b) in spring, 1994. Note that the 5℃ iso- therms at the East/Japan Sea and the Yellow Sea in each coastal region, and higher SST in the east coastal region than that in the west coastal region of Korean peninsula. Characters, KR, IC, SC, and SD are the same as in Fig. 1.

(a) (b)

Fig. 4. Interannual monthly mean AT (solid line) and WT (dashed line) at Sokcho (Fig. 4a), Sochungdo (Fig. 4b), and deviation (SC-SD) of AT and WT at Sokcho and Sochungdo (Fig. 4c).

(5)

계적개연성이있을것으로예상됨에도불구하고

,

동한난류의 변동과한반도

·

서해연안역수온기온변동과의상관성을 조사한축적된연구결과가매우적어이를규명하기위해서는 향후보다상세한연구가수행되어야것이다

.

사 사

논문은부경대학교자율창의학술연구비

(2018)

의해 구되었음

.

References

Hong CH. 2008. Abnormal cooling before and after the 1982- 1983 and 1997-1998 ENSO events in the Korean East Sea Water. J Kor Fish Soc 41, 294-300.

Hong CH, Cho KD and Kim HJ. 2001. The relationship be- tween ENSO events and sea surface temperature in the East (Japan) Sea. Prog Oceanography 49, 21-40.

Hong CH, Cho KD and Yang SK. 1984. On the abnormal cool- ing phenomenon in the coastal areas of the East Sea of Ko- rea in summer, 1981. J Oceanogr Soc Kor 19, 11-17.

Hydrographic Office. 1982. Marine environmental atlas of Ko- rean waters. Pub 1451, 2.

Kim DH. 2010. Global Warming Effect on Marine Environ- ments and Measure Practices against Global Warming. J Kor Soc Mar Environ Safe 16, 421-425.

National Institute of Fisheries Science. 1977-2006. Annual re- port of oceanographic observations. Vol 26-55.

NGII (National Geographic Information Institute). 2007. Re- trieved from http://dokdo.ngii.go.kr/dokdo/contents/con- tentsView.do?rbsIdx=47 on Dec 10, 2018.

수치

Fig. 2. Wintertime (January-March) interannual monthly mean  AT at Sokcho (SD, solid line) and Sochungdo (SC, dashed lime),  1977-2006
Table 2. Climatological monthly mean AT and WT at SC and SD, wintertime (Jan-Mar), 1977-2006
Fig. 4. Interannual monthly mean AT (solid line) and WT (dashed line) at Sokcho (Fig. 4a), Sochungdo (Fig

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