20 30 40 50 60 70 80 FeO Cu Cu2O Carbon
5.0Cu/AC
2.0Cu/AC 1.0Cu/AC
0.5Cu/AC
Intensity
2θ, deg.
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Carbon Fe2O3
5.0Fe/AC*
5.0Fe/AC 2.0Fe/AC
1.0Fe/AC
Intensity
2θ, deg.
0.5Fe/AC
A B
C D
200 nm 100 nm
200 nm 100 nm
A B
C D
200 nm
200 nm 100 nm100 nm
200 nm
200 nm 100 nm100 nm
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Carbon
5.0V/AC*
5.0V/AC
2.0V/AC
1.0V/AC
0.5V/AC
Intensity
2θ, deg.
A B
C D
200 nm 200 nm
200 nm 200 nm
A B
C D
200 nm
200 nm 200 nm200 nm
200 nm
200 nm 200 nm200 nm
200 nm 200 nm
200 nm 200 nm
C D
A B
200 nm
200 nm 200 nm200 nm
200 nm 200 nm 200 nm
200 nm
C D
A B
0.5Ti 0.5Co 0.5Mn 0.5Ni 0.5Cu 0.5Fe 0.5V 0
1 2 3 4 5
Phenol yield, %
Transition metal
0.5Cu 1.0Cu 2.0Cu 5.0Cu
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
solvent : acetone
Reactivity, %
Loaded metal on AC Benzene conversion Phenol selectivity
0.5Cu 1.0Cu 2.0Cu 5.0Cu
0 1 2 3 4 5
solvent : acetone
Phenol yield, %
Loaded metal on AC
0.5Fe 1.0Fe 2.0Fe 5.0Fe 5.0Fe*
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
solvent : acetone
Reactivity, %
Loaded metal on AC Benzene conversion Phenol selectivity
0.5Fe 1.0Fe 2.0Fe 5.0Fe 5.0Fe*
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
solvent : acetone
Phenol yield, %
Loaded metal on AC
0.5V 1.0V 2.0V 5.0V 5.0V*
0 1 2 3 4 5
Phenol yield, %
Loaded metal on AC solvent : acetone
0.5V 1.0V 2.0V 5.0V
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
solvent : acetone metal : V_AcAc
Reactivity, %
Loaded metal on AC Benzene conversion Phenol selectivity
0.5V 1.0V 2.0V 5.0V
0 1 2 3 4 5
Phenol yield, %
Loaded metal on AC solvent : acetone
metal : V_AcAc
0.5V 1.0V 2.0V 5.0V
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
solvent : acetonitrile metal : V_AcAc
Reactivity, %
Loaded metal on AC
Benzene conversion Phenol selectivity
0.5V 1.0V 2.0V 5.0V 0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
solvent : acetonitrile metal : V_AcAc
Phenol yield, %
Loaded metal on AC
0.5Fe 1.0Fe 2.0Fe 5.0Fe
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
solvent : acetonitrile metal : Fe_NT
Reactivity, %
Loaded metal on AC
Benzene conversion Phenol selectivity
0.5Fe 1.0Fe 2.0Fe 5.0Fe
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
solvent : acetonitrile metal : Fe_NT
Phenol yield, %
Loaded metal on AC
VROY, VROY,, VROY,,, VROY,9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
metal: V_AcAc
Reactivity, %
Solvents
Benzene coversion Phenol selectivity
VROY, VROY,, VROY,,, VROY,9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
metal: V_AcAc
Phenol yield, %
Solvents
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0
2 4 6 8 10
Solvent adsorbed, mmol/g
Equilibrium pressure, torr Acetone
Acetonitrile Methanol
VROY, VROY,, VROY,,,
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Phenol yield, %
Solvents
Fe_NT Fe_AcAc
VROY, VROY,, VROY,,,
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Phenol yield, %
Solvents 5.0Fe/AC
5.0V_AcAc/AC