½ ¨ 7 Hë H Sae Mulli (The Korean Physical Society), Volume 50, Number 3, 2005¸ 3 Z 4, pp. 171∼174
+ s
ÇX N Ë R ê s(Crystal Field) ì Å× D; c  \ ¥ ' [ Û ò k >7 0 ® o° Ë Ñ z ð ² â ì È8 ý ì Å× D
& å ∗
ñ" f@ / < Æ § F g n Û ¼e ¦ Y Us / B N < Æ / B N, í ß r 336-795 (2005¸ 2 Z 4 11{ 9 ~ Ã Î6 £ §)
'
· ¢ § / å J A Û ¼\ 56 Kbar t _ Ó ü t& ñ t · ú § 4 (hydrostatic pressure)` ¦ # Tb
3+s : r[ þ t s
?
/ H photoluminescence (PL) _ o\ ¦ ' a8 £ ¤ % i . Tb
3+s : r[ þ t \ 6 x H & ñ { © (crystal field) s · ú § 4 õ < Êa 7 £ x H כ ` ¦ PL 4 x Ä ºo [ þ t_ ° ú f (splitting)Ü ¼ ÐÂ Ò' S X % i . ¢ ¸, · ú
§
4 s & | 9 Ã º2 ¤ 543 nm s \ q # ∼ 587 nm ü < ∼ 623 nm y n C` ¦ ? / H s _ q Ö ¦ s 7 £ x
H כ ` ¦ ' a8 £ ¤ % i H X <, s כ É r borosilicate glass \ " f Tb
3+s : r[ þ t s ? / H PL _ Ò o¾ ú s ¦ : r Ü ¼
Ð calcination ô Ç Ê ê\ & h Ò o o ÷ & H כ s 7 £ x ) a & ñ { © M :ë H s H Tonooka ü < Nishimura (J.
Lumin.87-89, 679 (2000))_ Æ Ò& ñ ` ¦ z ´ »~ Ã Îg Ë >ô Ç .
PACS numbers: 78.55, 78.20, 61.50.K, 71.20.E Keywords: Photoluminescence, Tb, · ú § 4 , ' · ¢ §,
I. " e  ] Ø
'
· ¢ § É r F g < Æ& h , l & h : £ ¤$ í ` ¦ 1 l x r \ ? / H F g l
(magnetooptic) Ó ü t| 9 s [1]. ' · ¢ §_ Ó ü t o & h $ í | 9 ` ¦
¸ 9 H ½ ¨ H # Q ½ ¨ \ _ # ' # t ¦ e
. ' · ¢ § É r © : r \ " f ¸ y © ô Ç µ 1 ÏF g` ¦ ? / 9 [2], Ã Ð ¦ ë H ³ [3] \ " f H ' · ¢ § / å J A Û ¼ ? / H photoluminescence (PL) [
jl _ : r ¸ _ > r ¸\ ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ % i Ü ¼ 9 : £ ¤ y , # l © \
" f PL _ [ jl : r ¸ 7 £ x ½ + É M : 7 £ x y
è < Ê` ¦ Ð ¦ % i .
à Р¦ ë H ³ [4]\ " f H borosilicate glass \ ' · ¢ §` ¦ '
¦ ¦ : r \ " f calcination ô Ç õ Tb 3+ s : r[ þ t s ? / H PL _ Ò o¾ ú s calcination : r ¸\ " f ² ú f ` ¦ ' a¹ 1 Ï
% i . Õ ª[ þ t É r s & ³ © s calcination ½ + É M : Ô æ è 0 l x ¸_ y
è Ð ô Ç & ñ { © (crystal field)_ 7 £ x \ _ ô Ç כ Ü ¼
Ð Æ Ò& ñ % i . : r ½ ¨_ 3 l q& h É r Õ ª Qô Ç Æ Ò8 £ ¤_ & ñ { © $ í
`
¦ ¦· ú § 4 z ´+ « >` ¦ : x # f ] X & h Ü ¼ Ð S X # Ð H כ s
.
II. ÷ m Ç] M öU ê s0 n É
#
l F g " é ¶ Ü ¼ Ð H Ø Ô 4 H(argon) s : r Y Us $ (Cohere- nt Innova 70-5)_ 488 nmü < | 9 è ` O Û ¼ Y Us $ (Oriel 79131)_ 337.1 nm Ø ¦§ 4 F g` ¦ 6 x % i ¦, PL ñ H
∗
E-mail: [email protected]
%
i í ß ê ø Í(back-scattering) ) a y n C` ¦ ¸Ü ¼ H ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼ Ð ¸ & Ü
¼ 9 50 cm é ß { 9 ì rF g l (Acton Reasearch Cor- poration SpectraPro-500) Ð ì rí ß ÷ &% 3 . V , É r # 3 0 A_ Û
¼& 7 à Ô! 3 ` ¦ 1 l x r \ 8 £ ¤& ñ H כ s 9 כ ¹½ + É M :\ H 150 groove/mm _ r] X \ ¦ 6 x % i Ü ¼ 9 s M : ì r K 0
p
x É r 0.24 nm/pixel s . 4 x Ä ºo [ þ t_ 0 Au \ ¦ & ñ x 9
>
' a8 £ ¤½ + É M :ü < · ú § 4 ` ¦ F l 0 AK " f À Òq _ Û ¼& 7 à Ô! 3
`
¦ ï q M :\ H 1200 groove/mm _ r] X \ ¦ 6 x Ù þ
¡ ¦ s M : ì r K 0 p x É r 0.03 nm/pixel, F & ³$ í É r ± 0.05 nm s . Ø Ô 4 H Y Us $ \ ¦ 6 x H â Ä º\ H f . Ë ÐÕ ª A
i 2 [(holographic notch) 9 ' (Kaiser Optical Sys- tems HNF-488.0-1.0)\ ¦ : x # PLs ì rF g l Ð V , # Q&
. PL ñ_ Ø ¦ É r Ó o^ | 9 è Ð Í ty ÷ & H
½ +
Ë è (charge coupled device(CCD); Princeton Instru- ments LN/CCD 1340PF) Ð % i . z ´+ « > © u _ © \
É r y ¸ o\ ¦ Ð © H X <s ' _ Ð& ñ É r t · ú § ¤
.
s # Q × ¼ ± py n = ! s q(diamond-anvil cell(DAC); High Pressure Diamond Optics Merrill-Bessett + þ A)` ¦ 6 x
#
r « Ñ\ Ó ü t& ñ t · ú § 4 (hydrostatic pressure)` ¦ % i Ü
¼ 9, B jò ø Í` ¦ õ \ ò ø Í` ¦` ¦ 4 : 1 _ q Ö ¦ Ð [ O É r כ ` ¦ · ú § 4
² ú B | 9 Ð 6 x % i . r « Ñ\ ¦ V , H > hÛ ¼( ¶(gasket) É r Û
¼_ o Û ¼ Û ¼ 9 (stainless steel) Ð ] j % i Ü ¼ 9, ½ ¨" í _ t 2 £ § É r 0.2 ∼ 0.3 mm s % 3 . · ú § 4 ` ¦ F l 0 A # r
«
Ñü < < Êa À Òq \ ¦ > hÛ ¼( ¶\ V , % 3 Ü ¼ 9, · ú § 4 É r À Òq ? /
H PL R 1 4 x Ä ºo _ 0 Au Ð 8 £ ¤& ñ % i [5]. 56 kbar
-171-
-172- ô Dz D GÓ ü t o < Æ rt “D hÓ ü t o ”, Volume 50, Number 3, 2005¸ 3 Z 4
Fig. 1. The PL spectra of terbium glass at three pressures under 337.1 nm excitation. The signals indicated by as- terisks are from diamonds and the sharp peaks around 690 nm are from the ruby chip for measuring the pres- sure. The PL peaks A, B, C, and D arise from the tran- sition 5 D 4 → 7 F 6 , 5 D 4 → 7 F 5 , 5 D 4 → 7 F 4 , and
5 D 4 → 7 F 3 , respectively.
t _ # 3 0 A\ " f z ´+ « >` ¦ % i . r « Ñ Ð 6 xô Ç ' · ¢ § / å J A
Û ¼ H Hoya \ " f ] j ¸ô Ç FR-5 s [6]. PL Û ¼& 7 à Ô! 3 _
· ú
§ 4 \ É r ° ú f (splitting)` ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ ½ + É M :\ H ó ¡ µ ¢ § Í t y
l (RMC LTS-22)\ ¦ 6 x % i Ü ¼ 9, 60 K\ " f z ´+ « >
%
i . Õ ª µ 1 Ú_ z ´+ « > É r © : r \ " f ' % i .
III. + s ÇÊ Ý õ m Í À X Ø8 ý
Fig. 1 \ ' · ¢ § / å J A Û ¼ © : r \ " f ? / H PL` ¦ ? /
%
3 . s M : # l F g É r | 9 è ` O Û ¼ Y Us $ _ 337.1 nm s
. 4 > h_ 4 x Ä ºo A, B, C, D © · ú \ " f y y ∼ 488.3,
∼ 542.5, ∼ 587.0, ∼ 622.6 nm \ 0 Au K e Ü ¼ 9, y 4
x Ä ºo H r 4 ¤ Ã º_ 4 x Ä ºo [ þ t Ð s À Ò# Q& 6 £ §` ¦ · ú Ã º e
. s 4 > h_ 4 x Ä ºo H Tb 3+ s : r s 4f _
5 D 4 → 7 F 6 , 5 D 4 → 7 F 5 , 5 D 4 → 7 F 4 , 5 D 4 → 7 F 3 s
\ _ # è ß [7]. Fig. 1\ H PL Û ¼& 7 à Ô! 3 _ · ú
§
4 _ > r ¸ ¸ Ð% i . 51.8 kbar t _ · ú § 4 # 3 0 A\ " f PL _
o H Ð . Fig. 2\ H 60 K \ " f · ú § 4 ` ¦ 56 kbar t or v " f 8 £ ¤& ñ ô Ç PL 4 x Ä ºo [ þ t_ 0 Au \ ¦
? /% 3 . s M : H 488 nm Y Us $ \ ¦ 6 x % i . y
· ú
§ 4 \ " f 4 x Ä ºo B H 3 > h_ É r 4 x Ä ºo B1, B2, B3_
×
æ^ o ?Ü ¼ Ð ´ ú Ø ¦ Ã º(fitting) e Ü ¼ 9, 4 x Ä ºo C H C1, C2_
×
æ^ o ?Ü ¼ Ð, 4 x Ä ºo D H D1, D2_ × æ^ o ?Ü ¼ Ð è q à º e
. Õ ª õ y É r 4 x Ä ºo [ þ t É r · ú § 4 s Z } f \
"
f & h Ò o s 1 l x` ¦ 9, Õ ª[ þ t s _ ° ú f (splitting) ¸ 7 £ x
< Ê` ¦ Fig. 2 ÐÂ Ò' · ú Ã º e . Fig. 2\ 4 x Ä ºo [ þ t_
· ú
§ 4 \ É r s 1 l xÒ ¦` ¦ ? /% 3 . Ã Ð ¦ ë H ³ [8]\ " f ¸ TbP 5 O 14 \ · ú § 4 ` ¦ ¦ PL 4 x Ä ºo _ 0 Au \ ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ ô Ç
Fig. 2. The pressure dependence of the PL peak posi- tions. The peak B is composed of three sub peaks B1, B2 and B3 whose splittings increase with increasing pres- sure. The peak C and D show the similar behavior. The shift rate of each sub peak is indicated in the figure, from which we see the crystal field increases with increasing pressure.
õ & h Ò o s 1 l x < Ê` ¦ ' a8 £ ¤ % i Ü ¼ 9, & ñ { © _ ß ¼l ¸
· ú
§ 4 \ " f 7 £ x < Ê` ¦ Ð ¦ % i . " f Ä ºo _ â Ä
º\ ¸ ° ú f _ 7 £ x ÐÂ Ò' Z } É r · ú § 4 \ " f & ñ { © s
& f ` ¦ · ú Ã º e .
à Р¦ ë H ³ [4]\ " f H borosilicate glass \ ' ) a Tb 3+
s
? / H PL _ Ò o¾ ú s 800 ◦ C ü < 1000 ◦ C Ð calcination Ê
ê\ ß ¼> ² ú f ` ¦ Ð ¦ % i . 7 £ ¤, calcination \ H '
· ¢ § s : r[ þ t s í2 ¤Ò o_ µ 1 ÏF g` ¦ % i Ü ¼ , 800 ◦ C Ð cal- cination ô Ç Ê ê\ H ¸ê ø ÍÒ oÜ ¼ Ð, 1000 ◦ C Ð calcination ô
Ç Ê ê\ H & h Ò o_ µ 1 ÏF g` ¦ H כ ` ¦ ' a¹ 1 Ï % i . s כ É r calcination : r ¸ Z } t 5 D 4 → 7 F 4 ü < 5 D 4 → 7 F 3
s \ _ ô Ç PL (4 x Ä ºo C, D)_ [ jl 5 D 4 → 7 F 5 (4 x Ä
ºo B)\ q # © @ /& h Ü ¼ Ð & h & h Z } f ` ¦ · p .
s
\ ì ø Í # silicate glass \ ' ) a Tb 3+ s ? / H PL
É r calcination Ê ê\ o \ O 6 £ §` ¦ Õ ª[ þ t É r ' a¹ 1 Ï % i .
" f 5 D 4 → 7 F 5 \ @ /ô Ç 5 D 4 → 7 F 4 , 5 D 4 → 7 F 3 s
[ jl _ © @ /& h ß ¼l o_ " é ¶ É r calcination s { 9
# Q± ú M : Ô æ è x 9 ¸ y è ¦ Õ ª Ð # Tb 3+ s
½ ¨ 7 Hë H & ñ { © (Crystal Field) o\ É r ' · ¢ § / å J A Û ¼ µ 1 ÏF g Û ¼& 7 à Ô! 3 _ o – ~ Ã Ì § î -173-
Fig. 3. The pressure dependence of the PL intensity ratios I A /I B , I C /I B and I D /I B where I A , I B , I C and I D represent the spectrally integrated intensities of the PL peaks A, B, C and D. Fitted result is indicated in the figure. The peaks C and D become more pronounced at increased pressure, which means the spectrum becomes reddish at high crystal field.
: r[ þ t \ 6 x H & ñ { © _ 7 £ x \ e ¦ Ã Ð ¦ ë H ³ [4]_ $ [ þ t É r Æ Ò& ñ % i .
s
Qô Ç Å Ò © _ & ñ { © $ í ` ¦ · ú § 4 z ´+ « >` ¦ : x # f ] X S X
½ + É Ã º e . Fig. 2_ X <s ' ÐÂ Ò' · ú § 4 s Z } t
& ñ { © s 7 £ x H כ ` ¦ S X % i . Fig. 3\ 4 x Ä
ºo B_ PL [ jl I B \ @ /ô Ç Qt 4 x Ä ºo A, C, D _ PL [ jl I A , I C , I D _ q Ö ¦ I A /I B , I C /I B , I D /I B
\
¦ · ú § 4 ` ¦ 7 £ x r v " f 8 £ ¤& ñ ô Ç כ ` ¦ Õ ª§ 4 . y 4 x Ä º o
_ [ jl \ ¦ & ñ H X < e # Q" f s # Q × ¼ ? / H PL
É
r ] j % i . 5 D 4 → 7 F 6 4 x Ä ºo _ [ jl I A H 475.2 - 519.6 nm # 3 0 A\ " f Û ¼& 7 à Ô! 3 _ [ jl \ ¦ & h ì r % i ¦,
5 D 4 → 7 F 5 , 5 D 4 → 7 F 4 , 5 D 4 → 7 F 3 4 x Ä ºo _ [ j l
I B , I C , I D H y y 519.6 - 596.1, 596.1 - 607.6, 607.6 - 639.9 nm _ # 3 0 A\ " f & h ì r % i . · ú § 4 s 7 £ x < Ê\
" f © @ /& h [ jl I C /I B , I D /I B Å Ò Ö ¼o > 7 £ x
¦, I A /I B H y è H â ¾ Ó` ¦ Ð H כ ` ¦ · ú Ã º e .
Fig. 3 \ · ú § 4 _ 7 £ x \ É r oÖ ¦ s ³ ðr ÷ &# Qe .
s
Qô Ç Æ Ò[ j Å Ò Z } É r · ú § 4 t t 5 Å q ) a B Ä º Z }
É
r · ú § 4 \ " f ' · ¢ § / å J A Û ¼ ? / H PL _ Ò o¾ ú É r À 1 Ïç ß Ò o Ü
¼ Ð > | ¨ c כ s . Õ ª QÙ ¼ Ð Ã Ð ¦ ë H ³ [4]\ " f ] j r
ô Ç ' · ¢ § PL _ Ò o¾ ú o\ @ /ô Ç " é ¶ É r ` ¦ ½ + É Ã º e
` ¦ כ s .
IV. + s Ç Â ] Ø
: r ½ ¨\ " f H DAC\ ¦ 6 x # ' · ¢ § / å J A Û ¼\ Ó ü t& ñ t
· ú § 4 ` ¦ ¦ PL` ¦ 8 £ ¤& ñ % i . PL 4 x Ä ºo _ ° ú f
É r · ú § 4 s 7 £ x < Ê\ " f & t Ù ¼ Ð, · ú § 4 \ _ #
& ñ { © s 7 £ x H כ ` ¦ S X % i . · ú § 4 s & t
5 D 4 → 7 F 4 ü < 5 D 4 → 7 F 3 s \ _ ô Ç PL [ jl _ q Ö
¦ s 5 D 4 → 7 F 5 \ q # © @ /& h Ü ¼ Ð 7 £ x H כ ` ¦
'
a8 £ ¤ % i . s ' a8 £ ¤ É r borosilicate glass \ ' ) a Tb 3+
s
: r[ þ t s ? / H PL _ Ò o¾ ú o\ @ /ô Ç " é ¶ ` ¦ ] jî ß ô Ç
à Р¦ ë H ³ [4]_ Å Ò © ` ¦ f ] X & h Ü ¼ Ð S X r & Å Ò H כ s
.
P c
p 8 ý ò k >
s
7 Hë H É r ñ" f@ / < Æ §_ 2004¸ §? / ½ ¨q t " é ¶ \ _ # $ í ÷ &% 3 _ þ v m .
Y c
p w à U Ø ô
[1] A. B. Villaverde and E. C. C. Vasconcellos, Appl.
Opt. 21, 1347(1982).
[2] M. Sekita, Y. Miyazawa, S. Morita, H. Sekiwa and Y.
Sato, Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 2380 (1994).
[3] H. Jeon, H. Choi, T. Park, S. S. Rhee, J. S. Kim and C. I. Cheon, Solid State Commun 109, 151 (1999).
[4] K. Tonooka and O. Nishimura, J. Lumin.87-89, 679 (2000).
[5] G. J. Piermarini, S. Block, J. D. Barnett and R. A.
Forman, J. Appl. Phys. 46, 2774 (1975).
[6] For magnetooptical properties of FR-5 see Ref. [1]
above.
[7] See, for example, F. Kellendonk and G. Blasse, J.
Phys. Chem. Solids 43, 481 (1982).
[8] Y. Chi, S. Liu, H. Zhang and L. Wang, J. Lumin. 40,
303 (1988).
-174- ô Dz D GÓ ü t o < Æ rt “D hÓ ü t o ”, Volume 50, Number 3, 2005¸ 3 Z 4
Effect of Crystal Field Variation on the Photoluminescence of Terbium Glass
Ta-Ryeong Park ∗
Department of Optoelectronic Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan-Si 336-795 (Received 11 February 2005)
Hydrostatic pressures up to ∼ 56 Kbar were applied on terbium glass to produce a variation of photoluminescence (PL). The increased splitting of PL peaks observed at high pressures indicates that the crystal field on the Tb
3+ions is strengthened by the pressure. The pressure increases the PL intensities of the ∼ 587 nm and the ∼ 623 nm peaks relative to that of the ∼ 543 nm peak, which proves the suggestion made by Tonooka and Nishimura that the PL of Tb
3+becomes reddish due to strengthened crystal field in borosilicate glass by calcination at high temperature.
PACS numbers: 78.55, 78.20, 61.50.K, 71.20.E Keywords: Photoluminescence, Tb, Pressure, Terbium
∗
