• 검색 결과가 없습니다.

o P c l ° ‚ ÇV ê s 8 c 8 ý Ž Ò Þ R ° ‚ Ç× D S ­ Ž y ð כ r Ç4

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share " o P c l ° ‚ ÇV ê s 8 c 8 ý Ž Ò Þ R ° ‚ Ç× D S ­ Ž y ð כ r Ç4 "

Copied!
7
0
0

로드 중.... (전체 텍스트 보기)

전체 글

(1)

R

 o P c l ° ‚ ÇV ê s 8 c 8 ý   Ž Ò Þ R ° ‚ Ç× D S ­ Ž y ð  כ r Ç4 

™

»g ` @¬ £ · ™ »g ` @¦ 

² D

G~ ½ Óõ † < ƃ  ½ ¨™ è, ] j4^ ‰> ‘ : r  Ò, l Õ ü t‘ : r  Ò, @ /„   305-600 (2005¸   6 Z 4 24{ 9  ~ à Î6 £ §)



ü @\ " f  6   x ÷ &  H q Í ‰ ty Œ • \ P  © œ B j   H V , “ É r “ : r • ¸% ò % i \ " f  6   x ÷ &l  M :ë  H \  “ : r • ¸\    É r œ í& h 

˜

Ð& ñ (q \ P  o)s  כ ¹½ ¨  ) a  . œ í& h ˜ Ð& ñ \   H — ¸' \  ¦  6   x # Œ ˜ Ð& ñ   H 0 p x1 l x& h  (active)“   ~ ½ ÓZ O õ  E $ ™Ý ¼ F

| 9 _  \ P & h    o " f– Ð  © œ W÷ &• ¸2 Ÿ ¤ [ O >     F g l ½ ¨& h Ü ¼– Ð ˜ Ð © œ   H à º1 l x& h  (passive)“   ~ ½ ÓZ O `  ¦



6   xô  Ç . ‘ : r  7 Hë  H \ " f  H Ó  o^ ‰_  \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó > à º\  ¦ s 6   x # Œ ü @ Ò_  ½ ¨1 l x © œu s   › ¸] X  © œu  \ O s  V , “ É r

“

: r • ¸% ò % i  (−30

C ∼ +70

C) \    5 g œ í& h `  ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ   H q Í ‰ ty Œ • \ P  © œ B j _   1 l x q \ P  o r Û ¼% 7 ›`  ¦ [ O

>  “ ¦ q \ P  o $ í 0 p x`  ¦ ì  r$ 3  % i  . ì  r$ 3   õ  „  ^ ‰ “ : r • ¸# 3 0 A\    5 g $ í 0 p x › ¸| `  ¦ ë ß –7 á ¤ % i  . ‘ : r ƒ  

½

¨\   6   x ) a F g† < Æ>   H  © œ  © œ & h ü @‚   % ò % i  (8 ∼ 12 µm)\ " f q Í ‰ ty Œ • \ P  © œ © œq 6   x Ü ¼– Ð  6   x l  0 Aô  Ç F/1.0  r] X F g† < Æ> s  . F/1.0  r] X F g† < Æ>   H 2 B _  Germanium E $ ™Ý ¼– Ð ½ ¨$ í ÷ & 9, ' Í P : E $ ™Ý ¼_  Ê ê€  

\

  H q ½ ¨€  õ   r] X €  `  ¦ & h 6   x % i Ü ¼ 9,   Qt  €  \  @ /K " f  H — ¸¿ º q ½ ¨€  `  ¦ & h 6   x % i  . $ í 0 p x l ï  r

“ É

r r > _   © œ o \ " f \ P  © œF g† < Æ> _  Nyquist Å Ò à º“   11.11 cycles/mm\ " f MTF 0.5 s  .

PACS numbers: 42.15.Eq

Keywords: q Í ‰ ty Œ •, q \ P  o, q ½ ¨€  , à ºu ½ ¨ â ,  r] X €  , Defocus, DOE.

I. " e  ] Ø

q

Í ‰ ty Œ • \ P  © œ B j \  ¦ 0 A # Œ & h ü @‚   F g† < Æ> \   6   x ÷ &



 H E $ ™Ý ¼_  F | 9 “ É r “ : r • ¸   o\    É r Ï ã J] X Ò  ¦   o ß ¼l  M

:ë  H \  “ : r • ¸   o\    É r œ í& h    o (q \ P  o)\  ¦ ì ø Í× ¼r  ˜ Ð

&

ñ K  Å Ò# Q   ) a  . : £ ¤ y  Ä ºo   ü < ° ú  s  ¸  ×  æ “ : r • ¸   o

  H t % i \ " f î  r6   x ÷ &  H & h ü @‚   F g† < Ɓ © œq   H “ : r • ¸   o

\

   É r defocus\  ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ K   Å Ò# Q  ÷ &  H X <, t F K  t   H Å

Җ Ð 0 p x1 l x& h “   ~ ½ ÓZ O , 7 £ ¤ — ¸'  ¢ ¸  H manual – Ð defocus\  ¦

˜

Ð& ñ # Œ M ® o   [1].

‘

: r ƒ  ½ ¨\ " f  H q ½ ¨€   x 9  r] X €   [2–5]`  ¦  6   x† < ÊÜ ¼– Ð +

‹ F g† < Æ> _  $ í 0 p x`  ¦ † ¾ Ó © œr ~  ´ à º e ” `  ¦ ÷  rë ß –  m   F g

† <

Æ> \   6   x ÷ &  H E $ ™Ý ¼ à º\  ¦ y Œ ™™ èr ~  ´ à º e ” Ü ¼ 9, ¢ ¸ ô 

Ç E $ ™Ý ¼ à º y Œ ™™ è÷ &€   “ : r • ¸   o\    É r   y Œ ™• ¸ ×  ¦ # Q [

þ

t  כ s    H X <\  ‚ à Ìî ß – # Œ  © œ  © œ & h ü @‚   % ò % i  (8 ∼ 12 µm) \ " f ¿ º B _  Germanium E $ ™Ý ¼– Ð q ½ ¨€  õ   r] X €  

`

 ¦  6   x # Œ q Í ‰ ty Œ • \ P  © œ © œq 6   x_  F/1.0  r] X F g† < Æ>  (s 

 F/1.0  r] X F g† < Æ>   g A† < Ê.)\  ¦ [ O >  “ ¦ V , “ É r “ : r • ¸% ò

%

i  (−32 C ∼ +70 C) \    5 g à º1 l xd ” (passive) q \ P  o r

Û ¼% 7 ›`  ¦ [ O >  # Œ “ : r • ¸   o\    É r q \ P  o $ í 0 p x`  ¦ ì  r

$ 3  % i  .

E-mail: kimhs@add.re.kr

q

\ P  oì  r$ 3    õ \     “ : r • ¸˜ Ð& ñ `  ¦ 0 A # Œ E $ ™Ý ¼  â :

Ÿ

x_  F | 9 õ   Ž Ø  ¦ l   î  r à Ô_  F | 9 _  \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó> à º s 

  H ¿ º t  F | 9 `  ¦  6   x # Œ  1 l x Ü ¼– Ð q \ P  o½ + É Ã º e ” 

•

¸2 Ÿ ¤ r • ¸ % i  . s   â Ä º\   H „  ^ ‰  â : Ÿ xU  ´s  B Ä º 7 £ x

 l  M :ë  H \   Ž Ø  ¦ l   î  r à Ô\  \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó> à º  H Ó  o^ ‰

\

 ¦ G 0 > V , # Q" f ^ ‰Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó`  ¦ s 6   xô  Ç “ : r • ¸˜ Ð& ñ q \ P  o r Û ¼

% 7

›`  ¦ “ ¦î ß – % i  . Ó  o^ ‰\  ¦ s 6   xô  Ç ^ ‰Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ ÓÜ ¼– Ð “ : r • ¸   o

\

   É r defocus_  ˜ Ð& ñ “ É r Å Ò# Q”   “ : r • ¸# 3 0 A\ " f כ ¹½ ¨$ í 0

p

x`  ¦ ë ß –7 á ¤ % i Ü ¼ 9  â : Ÿ x_  U  ´s \  ¦ @ /; Ÿ ¤ ×  ¦{ 9  à º e ”   H  © œ

&

h s  e ” % 3  .



6   x ) a  Ž Ø  ¦ l _  ß ¼l   H – Ð [ j– Ð y Œ •y Œ • 14.4 mmü <

10.8 mm s  9, i ” ! s q ß ¼l   H 45 µm – Ð, fill factor  H Á ºr 

% i  . 3 l q ³ ð$ í 0 p x Ü ¼– Ѝ  H „   “ : r • ¸% ò % i \    5 g r    © œ



o \ " f F g† < Æ> _  Nyquist Å Ò à º“   11.1 cycles/mm { 9  M

: MTF\  ¦ 0.5 – Ð % i  .

II. : X ì Ä× D Ê ÝX N Ë

q

Í ‰ ty Œ • \ P % ò  © œ  © œu \   6   x l  0 Aô  Ç F/1.0 F g† < Æ>   H

„ 

: Ÿ x& h Ü ¼– Ð 3> h s  © œ_  ½ ¨€   ¢ ¸  H q ½ ¨€  `  ¦  6   x # Œ [ O

>  # Œ M ® o  . ‘ : r  7 Hë  H \ " f  H DOE (diffractive optical element)_  a % ~“ É r à º  : £ ¤$ í `  ¦ s 6   x # Œ à ºu ½ ¨ â (NA:

numerical aperture)`  ¦ ß ¼>  ½ + É Ã º e ”    H  כ \  ‚ à Ìî ß – # Œ

-145-

(2)

[6], q Í ‰ ty Œ • \ P % ò  © œ  © œu \   6   x l  0 A # Œ 2B _  Ger- manium E $ ™Ý ¼– Ð F/1.0  r] X  F g† < Æ> \  ¦ [ O >  # Œ F g† < Æ& h 

$ í

0 p x x 9 q \ P  o\  ¦ ì  r$ 3  % i  .

 Ž

Ø  ¦ l  ‚  × þ ˜÷ &€   F g† < Æ_  כ ¹½ ¨ € ª œ`  ¦   & ñ ½ + É Ã º e ”  Ü

¼ 9, ¢ ¸ô  Ç r   (FOV: field of view)   & ñ ÷ &€   F g† < Æ>  _  œ í& h `  ¦   & ñ ½ + É Ã º e ”  . ‘ : r ƒ  ½ ¨\ " f  H F g† < Æ> _  $ í 0

p

x`  ¦ “ ¦ 9 # Œ œ í& h  o \  ¦ 171.73 mm – Ð   & ñ % i Ü ¼ 9,

– з[ j– Ð % ò  © œ€  _  ß ¼l  y Œ •y Œ • 14.4 mm, 10.8 mms Ù ¼

–

Ð Ã º¨ î ~ ½ ӆ ¾ Ó_  r    H 4.8 , @ /y Œ •‚  _  r    H 6 s  [þ j

&

h  o õ & ñ \  @ /K " f  H ‚ à Г ¦ë  H‰  ³ 6. ‚ à Л ¸].

III. > H± n Ǎ Ö כ Ž8 ý < gX c l   Ö «V R Ë Ä Z ØV Ä

s

 ] X \ " f  H 0 A\ " f [ O > ô  Ç  r] X €  _  ] j Œ •0 p x$ í \  @ / K

 “ ¦¹ 1 Ï l – Ð ô  Ç . F g» ¡ ¤ \  @ /K   r„  @ /g A“   DOE_  0 A



© œ á Ԗ Ð { 9  † < Êà º  H d ”  (1)õ  ° ú  Ü ¼ 9, φ = m 2π

λ 0

X C n r 2n (1)

#

Œl " f m“ É r  r] X  à º\  ¦, C n “ É r  r] X > à º\  ¦, r = p x 2 + y 2 `  ¦    · p .

[ O

>   © œ(λ 0 ) \ " f F | 9 _  Ï ã J] X Ò  ¦ s  n 0 { 9  M :  r] X €  _  U

 ·s   H d ”  (2)ü < ° ú   .

d = λ 0

n 0 − 1 (2) Õ

ªo “ ¦  r] X a A_  > hà º  H d ”  (3)õ  ° ú  s     · p .

N = 1 λ 0

X C n r max 2 (3)

Table 1“ É r II] X \ " f þ j& h  oô  Ç F/1.0  r] X F g† < Æ> _   r] X  a A_  > hà º, ì ø Í â , ç ß –  `  ¦ y Œ •y Œ •    · p  כ s  .  r] X a A_ 

>

hà º  H 5.6 > h,  r] X a A_  þ j™ è ç ß –  “ É r 7.9 mm,  r] X a A_  U

 ·s   H 3.3 µm s  . s  & ñ • ¸_   r] X €  “ É r  s   7 H × ¼  r

„ 

~ ½ Ód ” _  “ ¦& ñ x 9  CNC (computer numerical control) ‚   ì

ø Í`  ¦  6   x €   Ø  æì  r y  / B N½ + É Ã º e ” `  ¦  כ Ü ¼– Ð ó ø Íé ß – ) a  .

Table 1. Radii and spaces of diffraction ring for the F/1.0 diffrative optics.

Position of Last

Ring 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

(5.6) Radius of

Ring (mm) 35.61 50.08 61.05 70.21 78.14 82.35 Spacing of

Ring (mm) 35.66 14.42 10.97 9.16 7.93 4.21 Total No. of Rings : 5.6

IV. R ° ‚ Ç× D Ä Z ØV Ä

“

: r • ¸   o  H F g† < Æ> _  $ í 0 p x \   œ É r % ò † ¾ Ó`  ¦ p u l  M : ë

 H \  E $ ™Ý ¼[ O > \  e ” # Q" f  © œ ×  æ כ ¹ô  Ç   à º×  æ_   s 



. “ : r • ¸   † < Ê\     E $ ™Ý ¼F | 9 _  à º» ¡ ¤ ¢ ¸  H Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Óõ  Ï ã J ] X

Ò  ¦ s     l  M :ë  H \  F g† < Æ> _  $ í 0 p x“ É r “ : r • ¸\    " f

´ ú

§“ É r % ò † ¾ Ó`  ¦ ~ à Î>  ÷ & 9, ¢ ¸ô  Ç E $ ™Ý ¼F | 9 õ  E $ ™Ý ¼\  ¦ t t  

“

¦ e ”   H  â : Ÿ x  s _  \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó> à º_  s \  _ ô  Ç 6 £ x§ 4 \  _ K " f• ¸ F g† < Æ> _  $ í 0 p x s  % ò † ¾ Ó`  ¦ ~ à ΍  H  .

F

g† < Æ> _  \ P & h “   : £ ¤$ í    o\  _ ô  Ç defocus\  ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ 



 H q \ P  o (athermalization) ~ ½ ÓZ O \   H ß ¼>  ¿ º t – Ð

½

¨ì  r½ + É Ã º e ”   H X <, 7 £ ¤ E $ ™Ý ¼F | 9 _  \ P & h    o " f– Ð  © œ

 W÷ &• ¸2 Ÿ ¤ [ O >     F g l ½ ¨& h Ü ¼– Ð ˜ Ð © œ`  ¦   H à º1 l x& h  (passive)“   ~ ½ ÓZ O õ  F g† < Æ> \  ¦ ½ ¨$ í “ ¦ e ”   H E $ ™Ý ¼\  ¦ s 1 l x r

&  defocus\  ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ   H 0 p x1 l x& h “   ~ ½ ÓZ O s  e ”  . ô  Ç t 

~

½ ÓZ O ë ß –Ü ¼– Ѝ  H כ ¹½ ¨÷ &  H q \ P  o › ¸| `  ¦ ë ß –7 á ¤ r ~  ´ à º \ O 

`

 ¦ M :\   H ¿ º t  — ¸¿ º\  ¦  6   x # Œ q \ P  o\  ¦ à º' Ÿ  l 

•

¸ ô  Ç .

F/1.0  r] X F g† < Æ> \  @ /K  q \ P  o\  ¦ ì  r$ 3  l  „  \ , €  

$

  r] X E $ ™Ý ¼_  “ : r • ¸   o\    É r defocus & ñ • ¸\  ¦ ç ß –| Ä Ì 

>

 “ ¦¹ 1 Ï l – Ð  .   H» ¡ ¤F g‚  _   â Ä º, “ : r • ¸   o\    É r



r] X E $ ™Ý ¼_  œ í& h  o    o (defocus)_  8 ú x| ¾ Ó(δ)“ É r d ” (4)ü <

°

ú  s    è ­ q à º e ”  .

δ = ( − f n − 1

∂n

∂T + 3α λ · f − α h · L) · ∆T (4)

#

Œl " f n“ É r E $ ™Ý ¼F | 9 _  Ï ã J] X Ò  ¦, f  H œ í& h  o , α λ ü < α h   H E $

™Ý ¼F | 9 õ   â : Ÿ x_  \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó> à º, ∆T   H “ : r • ¸   o, L“ É r F g

† <

Æ> _  ' Í   P : €  \ " f œ í& h €   t _   o \  ¦ y Œ •y Œ •   



· p . d ”  (4)_  ¿ º   P : † ½ Ó\ " f α λ   H F | 9 _  / B GÒ  ¦ì ø Í â _ 

 

 o [7]\  _ ô  Ç  כ s  9, 2α λ   H  r] X €  \  _ ô  Ç  כ [8]`  ¦



  · p .

d ”

(4)\ " f “ : r • ¸   o 10 C{ 9  M : F/1.0  r] X F g† < Æ>  _  defocus\  % ò † ¾ Ó`  ¦ p u   H & ñ • ¸\  ¦ † ½ Ó3 l qZ > – Ð > í ß –K  ˜ Ð l

– Ð  . ƒ  ½ ¨\ " f  6   x ) a F g† < Æ>   H œ í& h  o  171.73 mm, [ O >   © œ\ " f E $ ™Ý ¼_  Ï ã J] X Ò  ¦ 4.0031, “ : r • ¸\    É r E $

™Ý ¼_  Ï ã J] X Ò  ¦    oÖ  ¦ 400 × 10 −6 /K, E $ ™Ý ¼_  \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó>  Ã

º 61 × 10 −7 /K, E $ ™Ý ¼ â : Ÿ x_  \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó> à º x 9  â : Ÿ x_  U  ´ s

  H y Œ •y Œ • −1.8 × 10 −7 /K ü < 234.4 mm s  . # Œl " f “ : r

•

¸   o\    É r Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó ¢ ¸  H à º» ¡ ¤ \  _ ô  Ç defocus € ª œ`  ¦ þ j

™

è– Ð l  0 A # Œ E $ ™Ý ¼ â : Ÿ x_  F | 9 “ É r \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó> à º  Œ •

“ É

r  כ `  ¦ ‚  & ñ % i  .

€ 

$ , “ : r • ¸   o\    É r Ï ã J] X Ò  ¦    o\  _ ô  Ç defocus € ª œ

“

É r d ”  (5)ü < ° ú  “ ¦,

∆f n = − f n − 1

∂n

∂T ∆T = 171.73 4.0031 − 1 · 400

× 10 −6 / C ≈ −228.7 µm (5)

(3)

Fig. 1. Sensitivity analysis with moving the first lens for one, two, and three lenses.

“

: r • ¸   o\    É r / B GÒ  ¦ì ø Í ⠁   o\  _ ô  Ç defocus € ª œ“ É r d ”  (6) õ  ° ú  Ü ¼ 9,

∆f R = 3α λ · f · ∆T = 3 × 61 × 10 −7 / C

× 171.73 mm · 10 C ≈ 21.4 µm (6)

“

: r • ¸   o\    É r F g† < Æ>   â : Ÿ x_  Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Óà º» ¡ ¤ \  _ ô  Ç defo- cus € ª œ“ É r d ”  (7)õ  ° ú   .

∆f h = −α h · L · ∆T = 1.8 × 10 −7 / C

× 234.4 mm · 10 C ≈ 0.4 µm (7) 0

A_  > í ß –\ " f · ú ˜ à º e ” 1 p w s , “ : r • ¸   o\    É r defo- cus \   © œ  H % ò † ¾ Ó`  ¦ p u   H כ ¹“  “ É r E $ ™Ý ¼ F | 9 _  Ï ã J] X  Ò

 ¦    o– Ð+ ‹ 10 Cë ß –    # Œ• ¸ F g† < Æ>  $ í 0 p x \   © œ{ © œô  Ç % ò

†

¾ Ó`  ¦ p u   H  כ `  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  .   " f 3 l q ³ ð$ í 0 p x`  ¦ Ä »t 

l  0 AK " f  H “ : r • ¸   o\    É r defocus\  ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ K  Å Ò 



 “ : r • ¸\  ¦ { 9 & ñ >  Ä »t K   ÷ &  H  כ `  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  . Õ ª



Q  ç  H  6   x Ü ¼– Ð  6   x ÷ &  H F g† < Æ> _   â Ä º\   H Ê ë@ /6   x Ü ¼

–

Ð ´ ú §s   6   x ÷ &l  M :ë  H \  “ : r • ¸\  ¦ { 9 & ñ >  Ä »t  l  0 A ô 

Ç  © œu _   6   x \   H ´ ú §“ É r ] jô  Çs   Ø Ô>  ÷ &Ù ¼– Ð   É r ~ ½ Ó Z O

`  ¦ — ¸Ò  oK   ÷ & 9, ‘ : r ƒ  ½ ¨\ " f  H Õ ª ~ ½ ÓZ O `  ¦ ] jr  l 

– Ð ô  Ç .

q

\ P  o ì  r$ 3 \   6   x ) a á Ԗ ÐÕ ªÏ þ ›“ É r ORA (Optical Re- search Associates)  _  Code V s  . s  á Ԗ ÐÕ ªÏ þ ›“ É r  r ] X

€  _   â Ä º “ : r • ¸   o\    É r q ½ ¨€   > à º x 9 0 A © œ> à º

\

 ¦  1 l x Ü ¼– Ð ˜ Ð © œ t  · ú §l  M :ë  H \  à º1 l x (manual) Ü ¼– Ð

>

à º ° ú כ`  ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ K  Å Ò# Q   ) a  . 7 £ ¤, ENV `  v‚  `  ¦  6   x

# Œ : £ ¤& ñ “ : r • ¸\ " f E $ ™Ý ¼_  ¨ 8 Š ⠁  à º\  ¦ [ O & ñ # Œ { 9 § 4 ô  Ç Ê

ê, DOE €  \  @ /K  d ”  (8)õ  d ”  (9)\  ¦ à ºl – Ð { 9 § 4 K  

 )

a  . d ”  (8)“ É r “ : r • ¸\    É r q ½ ¨€   > à º_     o\  ¦, d ”  (9)  H  r] X > à º_     o\  ¦ y Œ •y Œ •    · p .

A

0

2n = A 2n /(1 + α∆T ) 2n −1 (8)

Fig. 2. Sensitivity analysis of the F/1.0 diffractive optics with moving lenses and image plane.

C n

0

= C n /(1 + α∆T ) 2n (9)

#

Œl " f A 2n õ  C n “ É r 20 C \ " f DOE & h 6   x ) a €  _  q 

½

¨€   > à ºü <  r] X €   > à ºs  .

€ 

$ , “ : r • ¸   o\    É r q \ P  o ì  r$ 3 `  ¦ l  „  \  F g† < Æ

>

\  ¦ ½ ¨$ í “ ¦ e ”   H E $ ™Ý ¼_  à º\    É r “ : r • ¸   y Œ ™• ¸\  ¦ · ú ˜



˜ Ðl  0 A # Œ ì ø Ír   y Œ •s  5 ,  © œ& h † < Êà º ° ú כs  100, Ä »´ ò

œ

í& h  o  100 mm“   é ß –B , 2B , 3B – Ð y Œ •y Œ • ½ ¨$ í  ) a 3 > h_ 

"

f– Ð   É r F g† < Æ> \  ¦ [ O >  # Œ ' Í P : E $ ™Ý ¼\  ¦ · ú ¡·+ '– Ð ¹ ¡ §f ” 

%

i `  ¦ M :_  œ í& h    o & ñ • ¸\  ¦ ì  r$ 3  % i  .

Fig. 1“ É r 0 A_  3t  F g† < Æ> \  @ /K , { 9 ì ø Í& h Ü ¼– Ð E $ ™Ý ¼ _  s 1 l x \  _ ô  Ç  © œ_     o   y Œ ™ô  Ç ' Í P : E $ ™Ý ¼\  ¦ · ú ¡+ '– Ð y

Œ

•y Œ • 1 mm m ”  ¹ ¡ §f ” % i `  ¦ M :_  defocus € ª œ`  ¦    · p  כ s 



. sg05 sph  H é ß –B , db05 sph  H 2 B , tp05 sph  H 3 B – Ð

½

¨$ í  ) a E $ ™Ý ¼\  ¦ y Œ •y Œ •    · p . Fig. 1\ " f ˜ Ð1 p w s  E $ ™Ý ¼ _  > hà º 7 £ x † < Ê\     @ /Ó ü tE $ ™Ý ¼_  s 1 l x \    É r   y Œ ™

•

¸ 7 £ x    H  כ `  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  .   " f  r] X E $ ™Ý ¼\  ¦  6   x

† <

ÊÜ ¼– Ð+ ‹  6   x ÷ &  H E $ ™Ý ¼_  à º\  ¦ ×  ¦{ 9  à º e ” l  M :ë  H \     y

Œ ™• ¸\  ¦ y Œ ™™ èr v   H ´ òõ  e ” Ü ¼Ù ¼– Ð, ‘ : r ƒ  ½ ¨\ " fü < ° ú   s

  6   x ÷ &  H E $ ™Ý ¼_  > hà º\  ¦ ×  ¦ s   H  כ • ¸ % i r  q \ P  o\  l

# Œ½ + É Ã º e ”   H  כ Ü ¼– Ð ó ø Íé ß – ) a  . @ /Ó ü tE $ ™Ý ¼_    y Œ ™• ¸

Z

 }    H  כ “ É r @ /Ó ü tE $ ™Ý ¼_  p ™ è  0 A\  @ / # Œ defocus| ¾ Ó _

    o ß ¼l  M :ë  H \  ˜ Ð& ñ `  ¦ 0 AK " f  H  © œ@ /& h Ü ¼– Ð  © œ

€ 

\  Z  ~“    Ž Ø  ¦ l _  s 1 l x| ¾ Ós  & 4 R" f Ô  ¦ o ô  Ç כ ¹™ è– Ð  Œ • 6

 

x½ + É 0 p x$ í s  ß ¼   H  כ `  ¦ _ p ô  Ç .

¢

¸ô  Ç ´ òõ & h “   à º1 l xd ”  q \ P  o\  ¦ 0 A # Œ þ j& h  o  ) a F/1.0  r] X F g† < Æ> \  ¦ ½ ¨$ í “ ¦ e ”   H E $ ™Ý ¼(E $ ™Ý ¼ 1õ  E $ ™Ý ¼ 2) ü <  © œ€  `  ¦ 0 p xô  Ç › ¸½ + ËÜ ¼– Ð s 1 l xÙ þ ¡`  ¦ M :, s 1 l x \    É r



 y Œ ™• ¸\  ¦ ì  r$ 3  % i  . Fig. 2  H z  ´“ : r (20 C) \ " f F/1.0



r] X F g† < Æ> _  E $ ™Ý ¼ ¢ ¸  H  © œ€  `  ¦ s 1 l xÙ þ ¡`  ¦ M :_    y Œ ™• ¸

\

 ¦    · p  כ s  . Lens 1“ É r ' Í P : E $ ™Ý ¼\  ¦, lens 2  H ¿ º    P

: E $ ™Ý ¼\  ¦, image  H  © œ€  `  ¦ y Œ •y Œ •    · p . 6 £ §_   Ҡ ñ

e ”

  H  כ “ É r ¹ ¡ §f ” s   H ~ ½ ӆ ¾ Ós  " f– Ð ì ø Í@ /   H  כ `  ¦    · p



. 7 £ ¤ lens 1/ −2_   â Ä º E $ ™Ý ¼ 1s  š ¸ É rA á ¤ Ü ¼– Ð s 1 l x €  

(4)

Table 2. Amount of defocus with varying temperature and compensation values by the correction barrel (unit:

µm).

amount distance range of amount of temperature.

of compensation

2

compensation (

C)

defocus

1

min. max. as temperature

3

−30 986.33 945 1036 980.26

−25 886.57 844 937 882.23

−20 787.01 744 837 784.21

−15 687.63 643 738 686.18

−10 588.46 543 639 588.16

−05 489.46 443 540 490.13 00 390.66 345 442 392.11 05 292.03 245 343 294.08 10 193.59 144 244 196.05

15 95.32 47 146 98.03

20 0 0 0 0

25 −100.69 −150 −51 −98.03 30 −198.44 −248 −149 −196.05 35 −296.01 −346 −247 −294.08 40 −393.42 −444 −344 −392.11 45 −490.66 −541 −442 −490.13 50 −587.74 −638 −540 −588.16 55 −684.55 −734 −637 −686.18 60 −781.24 −830 −734 −784.21 65 −877.32 −926 −832 −882.23 70 −974.19 −1021 −929 −980.26 1. “ : r • ¸   o\    É r F/1.0 F g† < Æ> _  defocus € ª œ.

2. MTF  0.5{ 9  M :, “ : r • ¸   o\    É r r    © œ o \ " f Nyquist Å Ò à º\  ¦ ë ß –7 á ¤ l  0 Aô  Ç % ò  © œ€  _  þ j™ è x 9 þ

j@ / s 1 l x  0 A| ¾ Ó.

3. ˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x \  _ ô  Ç % ò  © œ€  _  s 1 l x| ¾ Ó [5.1 ] X  ‚ à Л ¸].

E $

™Ý ¼ 2  H ¢ , aA á ¤ Ü ¼– Ð ¹ ¡ §f ” s   H  כ `  ¦    · p . 6 £ §_  ° ú כ“ É r E $

™Ý ¼\  ¦ ¢ , aA á ¤ Ü ¼– Ð s 1 l xÙ þ ¡`  ¦ M :_  defocus € ª œ`  ¦   ? / 9,

€

ª œ_  ° ú כ“ É r š ¸ É rA á ¤ Ü ¼– Ð s 1 l xÙ þ ¡`  ¦ M :_  ° ú כ`  ¦ y Œ •y Œ •    · p



.

Fig. 2 \ " f ˜ Ð1 p w s  E $ ™Ý ¼ 1õ   © œ€  `  ¦ " f– Ð ì ø Í@ / ~ ½ ӆ ¾ ÓÜ ¼

–

Ð ¹ ¡ §f ” s   H  כ s    y Œ ™• ¸  © œ \ V  ô  Ç  כ Ü ¼– Ð   z Œ ¤



.   " f E $ ™Ý ¼ 1õ   © œ€  `  ¦ " f– Ð ì ø Í@ /~ ½ ӆ ¾ ÓÜ ¼– Ð ¹ ¡ §f ” s 

•

¸2 Ÿ ¤ F g† < Æ> \  ¦ [ O >  €   “ : r • ¸\    É r defocus\  ¦ ~ 1 >  ˜ Ð

&

ñ ½ + É Ã º e ” `  ¦  כ Ü ¼– Ð ó ø Íé ß – ) a  . Õ ª Q  “ : r • ¸\    É r \ P  Ø Ÿ

‚ ½ Ó> à º 6 £ §_   H ° ú כ`  ¦ t   H F | 9 s  \ O l  M :ë  H \   0

p

xô  Ç ô  Ç E $ ™Ý ¼_  s 1 l x“ É r  Œ •>  “ ¦  © œ€  `  ¦ s 1 l x r v   H  כ s

 a % ~    H  כ `  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  .

Table 2  H “ : r • ¸   o ± 50 C{ 9  M :, “ : r • ¸   o\    É r F/1.0  r] X F g† < Æ> _  defocus € ª œõ  $ í 0 p x › ¸| `  ¦ ë ß –7 á ¤ l  0 AK  ˜ Ð& ñ K  Å Ò# Q  | ¨ c þ j@ / x 9 þ j™ è defocus € ª œ`  ¦    · p

 כ

s  . þ j@ / defocus € ª œ“ É r −30 C \ " f 986.3 µm– Ð   

Fig. 3. MTF curves accomplished athermalization at

−30 C.

Fig. 4. MTF curves accomplished athermalization at +70 C.

z

Œ ¤ .  t } Œ • \ P  (column)“ É r ˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x \  _ K  “ : r • ¸   o

\

    ˜ Ð& ñ  ) a defocus € ª œ`  ¦    · p  כ s  . # Œl " f F g

† <

Æ> _   â : Ÿ x“ É r “ : r • ¸   o\     ‚  + þ A& h Ü ¼– Ð      H  כ Ü ¼

–

Ð & ñ % i Ü ¼ 9, F g† < Æ> _  ü @Â Ò  â : Ÿ x \  _ ô  Ç defocus  H 2 µm & ñ • ¸– Ð Á ºr  % i   [˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x_  U  ´s \  @ /K " f  H 5.1 ] X  ‚ à Л ¸].

Table 3“ É r 0 A_  ˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x \  @ /K  “ : r • ¸   o\     defocus   1 l x Ü ¼– Ð ˜ Ð& ñ ÷ &% 3 `  ¦ M :, r >   © œ o \ " f MTF  0.5{ 9  M :_  ˜ Ð& ñ  ) a / B Nç ß – Å Ò à º ° ú כ`  ¦    · p  כ s

 . Table 3_  — ¸Ž  H ° ú כ[ þ t“ É r $ í 0 p x › ¸| (11.1 cys/mm)`  ¦ ë

ß –7 á ¤† < ÊÜ ¼– Ð+ ‹  1 l x q \ P  o 0 p xô  Ç  כ Ü ¼– Ð ó ø Íé ß – ) a  .

Fig. 3 õ  4  H −30 C ü < +70 C \ " f defocus\  ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ Ù þ ¡`  ¦ M

:, r  Z > – Ð F/1.0  r] X F g† < Æ> _  MTF ° ú כ_     o\  ¦  

 · p  כ s  . Fig. 3õ  4\ " f · ú ˜ à º e ” 1 p w s   © œ€   ×  æ€ © œ_ 

% ò

 © œ`  ¦ ×  æ כ ¹r ô  Ç   õ [‚ à Г ¦ë  H‰  ³ 6. ‚ à Л ¸], 0.7 r   t 



 H “ : r • ¸   o\    É r $ í 0 p x  # QÖ ¼ & ñ • ¸ { 9 & ñ >     z

Œ ¤t ë ß – r    © œ o \ " f  H ×  æ u (0.5)  © œ@ /& h Ü ¼– Ð



Œ •l  M :ë  H \  $ í 0 p x  ß ¼>    è ß –  כ Ü ¼– Ð ó ø Íé ß – ) a  . ¢ ¸ ô 

Ç $ “ : r \ " f ˜ Ð  “ ¦“ : r \ " f r  Z >  $ í 0 p x  ß ¼>     z

Œ ¤ . s   H “ : r • ¸ 7 £ x † < Ê\     Ï ã J] X Ò  ¦ s  7 £ x ½ + É ÷  rë ß –



m   / B GÒ  ¦ì ø Í â s  7 £ x  l  M :ë  H \    H» ¡ ¤F g‚  \ " f ˜ Ð 

(5)

Table 3. Values of spatial frequency of the 50 percents MTF with varying temperature at the edge field of view.

Temperature(

C) −30 −20 −10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

MTF (cycles/mm) 22.6 24.2 25.6 26.4 27.2 27.4 25.8 23.8 21.6 19.4 17.2

Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of auto athermalization sys- tem utilized linear expasion of solid.



 H  © œ o \ " f_  MTF ° ú כ_     o ß ¼>      H  כ Ü ¼

–

Ð ó ø Íé ß – ) a  .

V. Æ X Øy ¢| ºX N Ë ù p §  ü” X ¢   Ž Ò ÞR ° ‚ Ç× D S ­ Ž y ð  כ r Ç4 

1. w Š= k8 ý  Ò Åz  Y ê s ù p § T  “ Ó Þ” X ¢   Ž Ò Þ R ° ‚ Ç× DS ­ Ž y ð  כ r Ç 4



IV. ] X \ " f  © œ€  `  ¦ s 1 l x r v   H  כ s  defocus\  ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ 



 H X < Ä »o     H  כ `  ¦ · ú ˜€ Œ ¤ .   " f F g† < Æ> _   â : Ÿ x“ É r

/ å L& h s €   \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ós   Œ •“ É r F | 9 `  ¦  6   x “ ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x“ É r

\ P

Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó > à º  H F | 9 `  ¦  6   x   H  כ s  defocus\  ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ

  H X < ´ òõ & h s    H  כ `  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  .



 " f # Œl " f  H “ : r • ¸   o\    É r \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó`  ¦ " f– Ð  © œ

 Wr v l  0 A # Œ  â : Ÿ x õ   © œ€  s  " f– Ð ì ø Í@ / ~ ½ ӆ ¾ ÓÜ ¼– Ð ¹ ¡ § f ”

s • ¸2 Ÿ ¤  â : Ÿ x_  F | 9 `  ¦ \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó> à º 6 £ §“   TSINVAR (α h = −1.8 × 10 −7 / C)\  ¦  6   x % i  . ¢ ¸ô  Ç “ : r • ¸   o\ 



 É r % ò  © œ€  _  s 1 l x`  ¦ ß ¼>  l  0 A # Œ ˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x_  F 

| 9

“ É r \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó> à º  H CR-39 (Allyl Diglycol Carbon- ate, α c = 1.140 × 10 −7 / C)`  ¦  6   x % i  .

d ”

 (10)“ É r “ : r • ¸   o\    É r defocus\  ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ l  0 Aô  Ç

˜

Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x_  U  ´s \  ¦ > í ß –   H d ” `  ¦    · p  כ s  . ‘ : r ƒ  

½

¨\ " f  H ˜ Ð& ñ K   | ¨ c defocus € ª œ`  ¦ defocus ° ú כs   © œ

 H −30 C ü < +70 C \ " f _  í ß –Õ ü t¨ î ç  H° ú כ`  ¦  6   x % i  .

(α h + α c ) × L c × ∆T

= amount of defocus (AOD) (10)

#

Œl " f α h ü < α c “ É r ˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x_  ü @Â Ò x 9 ? /Â Ò F | 9 _  \ P Ø Ÿ 

‚

½ Ó> à º, ∆T   H þ j@ / “ : r • ¸   o| ¾ Ó, L c   H ˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x_  U  ´s 

\

 ¦ y Œ •y Œ •    · p . d ”  (10)Ü ¼– РÒ'  ˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x_  U  ´s   H L c = AOD

(α h + α c ) × ∆T = (0.98633 + 0.97419)/2 (1.140 − 1.8) × 50

×10 7 ≈ 172.25mm (11) s

 9, F g† < Æ> _   â : Ÿ x \  _ ô  Ç \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ ӓ É r Á ºr  % i  .

Fig. 5  H 0 A_    õ [ þ t`  ¦   H  – Ð # Œ [ O > ô  Ç F g† < Æ> 

 â

: Ÿ x_  — ¸€ ª œ`  ¦    · p  כ s  . F g† < Æ>   â : Ÿ x_  „  ^ ‰ U  ´s 



 H 411.65 mm s  . # Œl " f F g† < Æ> _  ü @Â Ò  â : Ÿ x õ  ˜ Ð& ñ

 â

: Ÿ x`  ¦ “ ¦& ñ r v l  0 Aô  Ç ^ ‰   Ò_  ¿ ºa \  ¦ 5 mm – Ð % i 



.

2. u œ = k8 ý = k z  Y ê s ù p § T  “ Ó Þ” X ¢   Ž Ò Þ R ° ‚ Ç× DS ­ Ž y ð  כ r Ç 4



“

¦^ ‰_  ‚  Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó`  ¦ s 6   xô  Ç q \ P  or Û ¼% 7 › [ O >   H V , “ É r “ : r

•

¸# 3 0 A\ " f F g† < Æ$ í 0 p x“ É r ë ß –7 á ¤ “ ¦ e ” Ü ¼ , q ½ ¨€  õ   r] X 

€ 

`  ¦  6   x # Œ E $ ™Ý ¼ B à º\  ¦ ×  ¦e ” Ü ¼– Ð" f ² ú ˜$ í  ) a  © œq _ 

™

è+ þ A â | ¾ Ó o\  ¦  Á º _ p  \ O   H  כ Ü ¼– Ð ÷ &[  t  9 Z  ~€ Œ ¤ .  



" f s  ] X \ " f  H   É r ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼– Ð Ã º1 l xd ”  q \ P  o ~ ½ ÓZ O , 7 £ ¤ Ó 

o^ ‰_  ^ ‰Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó`  ¦ s 6   x # Œ “ : r • ¸\  ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ † < ÊÜ ¼– Ð+ ‹ F g† < Æ$ í 0

p

x õ  ™ è+ þ A â | ¾ Ó o\  ¦ — ¸¿ º ë ß –7 á ¤ r v “ ¦  r • ¸ % i  .

˜

Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x_  F | 9 – Ð “ ¦^ ‰\  ¦  6   x½ + É  â Ä º\   H \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó >  Ã

º  H F | 9 s  \ O `  ¦ ÷  rë ß –  m  , : £ ¤ y  6 £ §_  \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ ÓÖ  ¦ s

  H F | 9 s  \ O Ü ¼ 9 ¢ ¸ô  Ç ‚  Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó ÷ &  H € ª œë ß – s 6   x l  M : ë

 H \  ˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x_  U  ´s  U  ´# Qt   H é ß –& h s  e ” % 3  .   

"

f ^ ‰Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó`  ¦ ‚  Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ ÓÜ ¼– Ð  Ö ¸6   x½ + É Ã º e ”   H Ó  o^ ‰\  ¦  6   x 

#

Œ “ : r • ¸   o\    É r œ í& h  o    o\  ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ ½ + É  â Ä º  â : Ÿ x _

 U  ´s \  ¦ ×  ¦{ 9  à º e ” `  ¦  כ Ü ¼– Ð ó ø Íé ß – ) a  .

Ó 

o^ ‰\  ¦  6   x # Œ “ : r • ¸   o\    É r œ í& h  o    o\  ¦ ˜ Ð

&

ñ ½ + É  â Ä º, “ ¦ 9 † ½ ÓÜ ¼– Ѝ  H “ : r • ¸› ¸| `  ¦ ë ß –7 á ¤   H Ó  o^ ‰

\

 ¦ ‚  & ñ   H  כ s  Á º% Á ˜ Ð • ¸ ×  æ כ ¹  “ ¦ ½ + É Ã º e ” Ü ¼ 9,

 â

| ¾ Ó o › ¸| `  ¦ ë ß –7 á ¤ r v l  0 AK " f  H q ×  æ s  ± ú “ É r Ó  o^ ‰\  ¦

‚ 

& ñ   H  כ ¢ ¸ô  Ç ×  æ כ ¹  “ ¦ ½ + É Ã º e ”  . Table 4  H s 



Qô  Ç › ¸| [ þ t`  ¦ ë ß –7 á ¤   H 5 t  Ó  o^ ‰\  @ /ô  Ç Ó ü t$ í ³ ð\  ¦  

 · p  כ s  . q Í ‰ ty Œ • \ P  © œ © œq _   6   x“ : r • ¸ # 3 0 A  H −30

◦ C \ " f +70 C  t  V , “ É r “ : r • ¸# 3 0 A\ " f  6   x ÷ &l  M :ë  H

\

 s    “ : r • ¸# 3 0 A\ " f Ó  o © œs     t  · ú §Ü ¼ 9, ˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x _  Á º> \  ¦ Z > >  l  0 A # Œ q ×  æ s   Œ •“ É r Ó ü t| 9 [ þ t`  ¦ ‚  

× þ

˜ % i  .

(6)

Table 4. Material characteristics for several liquids to apply for athermalization.

melting boiling expansion specific classification point point coefficient gravity (

C) (

C) (10

−3

/

C) (g/cm

3

) 1-Butanol −88.6 117.7 1.12 0.8095

Heptane −90.6 98.4 1.26 0.6795 1-Hexanol −47.4 157.6 1.03 0.8136 Nonane −53.5 150.8 1.08 0.7192 1-Pentanol −77.6 138.0 1.02 0.8148

> Courtesy of CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition.

Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of auto athermalization sys- tem utilized volume expasion of liquid.

Fig. 6“ É r Ó  o^ ‰_  ^ ‰Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó`  ¦ s 6   x # Œ “ : r • ¸   o\    É r F

g† < Æ> _  œ í& h  o     o\  ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ l  0 Aô  Ç F/1.0  r] X F g

† <

Æ> _  q \ P  o r Û ¼% 7 ›`  ¦    · p  כ s  . œ í& h  o     o

\

 ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ l  0 A # Œ Ó  o^ ‰\  ¦  6   x l  M :ë  H \  ˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x

`

 ¦ x 9 4 Ÿ x+ þ AÜ ¼– Ð [ O >  % i  . Table 4_  Ó  o^ ‰ ×  æ \ " f Ø Ÿ 

‚

½ Ó> à º  © œ  Œ •“ É r Ó  o^ ‰ (1-Pentanol)\  @ /K  Ó  o^ ‰6   x l  _  ? /Â Ò U  ·s \  ¦ 5 mm – Ð ] jô  Ç l  0 A # Œ Ó  o^ ‰6   x l _  ì ø Í

 â

`  ¦ 19.6 mm (Fig. 6 \ " f b)– Ð % i  .  © œ€  `  ¦ ¹ ¡ §f ” s 



 H z  ´ 2 ; 8_  U  ´s   H “   © œ Û ¼á Ôa A_   © œ‚ à Ì/ B Nç ß –`  ¦ “ ¦ 9 

#

Œ 15 mm– Ð % i Ü ¼ 9, z  ´ 2 ; 8_  ì ø Í ⠓ É r  Ž Ø  ¦ l _   © œ‚ à Ì

`

 ¦ “ ¦ 9 # Œ 10 mm (Fig. 6(a))– Ð % i  . F g† < Æ> _  ü @ Â

Ò  â : Ÿ x_  F | 9 “ É r 5.1 ] X \ " fü < ° ú  s  TSINVAR\  ¦  6   x

% i Ü ¼ 9, Ó  o^ ‰6   x l _  “ : r • ¸   o\    É r Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó·Ã º» ¡ ¤“ É r “ ¦



9 t  · ú §€ Œ ¤ .

Ó 

o^ ‰_  ^ ‰Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó`  ¦ s 6   x½ + É  â Ä º ˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x_  U  ´s   H Ø Ÿ 

‚

½ Ó> à º  © œ  Œ •“ É r 1-Pentanol \  @ /K  30 mm– Ð+ ‹ 5.1] X  _  172.25 mmü < q “ § # Œ 1/6 (17.4 %) à ºï  r s  9, F g† < Æ

>

 „  ^ ‰_  U  ´s   H 264.4 mm – Ð 411.65 mm\ " f 35.8 % y Œ ™

™ è % i  .

VI. + s Ç Â ] Ø

‘

: r  7 Hë  H“ É r q ½ ¨€  õ   r] X €  `  ¦ 1 l x r \   6   x # Œ  © œ 



© œ & h ü @‚   % ò % i \ " f q Í ‰ ty Œ • \ P  © œ © œq _  F g† < Æ> – Ð  6   x

½ +

É Ã º e ”   H F/1.0  r] X F g† < Æ> \  ¦ [ O >  # Œ, −30 C \ " f +70 C  t  V , “ É r “ : r • ¸# 3 0 A\    • 2 ; à º1 l xd ” (passive) q 

\ P

 o 0 p x$ í ì  r$ 3  x 9  1 l x q \ P  o r Û ¼% 7 › [ O > \  @ /ô  Ç

ƒ 

½ ¨  õ s  . ƒ  ½ ¨  õ   6   x “ : r • ¸# 3 0 A(−30 C ∼ +70

◦ c) \ " f 3 l q ³ ð$ í 0 p x`  ¦ ¸ ú ˜ ë ß –7 á ¤† < ÊÜ ¼– Ð+ ‹ q Í ‰ ty Œ • \ P  © œ B j



_   1 l x q \ P  o r Û ¼% 7 ›Ü ¼– Ð  6   x 0 p x½ + É  כ Ü ¼– Ð ó ø Íé ß –

 ) a  .

F

g† < Æ> _  $ í 0 p x › ¸| Ü ¼– Ѝ  H „   “ : r • ¸# 3 0 A\    5 g r  _ 

 © œ o  (ì ø Ír   y Œ • 3 ) \ " f  Ž Ø  ¦ l _  Nyquist Å Ò à º

“

  11.11 cycles/mm { 9  M :_  MTF\  ¦ 0.5 – Ð % i  . −30

◦ c ü < +70 c { 9  M : r    © œ o \ " f_  ì  r K 0 p x“ É r MTF

 0.5{ 9  M : / B Nç ß –Å Ò à º  H y Œ •y Œ • 22.6 cycles/mmü < 17.2 cycles/mm – Ð „   “ : r • ¸% ò % i \ " f Nyquist Å Ò à º“   11.11 cycles/mm\  ¦  © œ r % i  .

“

: r • ¸˜ Ð& ñ `  ¦ 0 Aô  Ç q \ P  o\  ¦ ¿ º t  ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼– Ð r • ¸ 

%

i  . ' Í P :  H “ ¦^ ‰_  ‚  Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó> à º\  ¦ s 6   x   H  כ s “ ¦, Ñ ü t P

:  H Ó  o^ ‰_  ^ ‰Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó`  ¦ ‚  Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ ÓÜ ¼– Ð   ¨ 8 Š r &  “ : r • ¸   o\ 



 É r defocus\  ¦ ˜ Ð& ñ   H  כ s  . “ ¦^ ‰\  ¦  6   xô  Ç  â Ä º\ 



 H ˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x_  U  ´s   -Á º U  ´# Q  r] X €  `  ¦  6   x # Œ F g

† <

Æ> \  ¦  â | ¾ Ó o r v   H X < l # Œ t  3 l w   H  כ Ü ¼– Ð    z

Œ ¤ . Ó  o^ ‰_  ^ ‰Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó`  ¦  6   xô  Ç  â Ä º\   H “ ¦^ ‰\  ¦  6   x 



 H  כ ˜ Ð  ˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x_  U  ´s   H 82.6 %, F g† < Æ> _  „  ^ ‰ U  ´ s

  H 35.8 % & ñ • ¸  Œ •>  [ O > ½ + É Ã º e ” % 3  .

Ó 

o^ ‰\  ¦  6   x½ + É  â Ä º\  e ” # Q" f_  õ ] j– Ѝ  H “ : r • ¸   o\ 



 É r \ P Ø Ÿ ‚ ½ Ó : £ ¤$ í `  ¦ & ñ x 9  >  8 £ ¤& ñ # Œ þ j& h _  › ¸| `  ¦

¹

1 Ô ? /  H  כ õ  š ¸ ½ ™ r ç ß –s   â õ K • ¸ x 9 4 Ÿ x: £ ¤$ í s      t

 · ú §• ¸2 Ÿ ¤ ˜ Ð& ñ  â : Ÿ x`  ¦ [ O >  “ ¦ ] j Œ •   H  כ s  .

Y c

p w Š à U Ø ”  ô

[1] H. S. Kim, S. C. Choi, G. W. Lee, Y. C. Park and H.

K. Kim, Hankook Kwanghak Hoeji, 12, 281 (2001).

[2] Kudo, H. Wada, T. Okamura, M. Kobayashi and K.

Tanikawa, Opt. Eng., 41, 1787 (2002).

[3] C. Sweatt, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 67, 803 (1977).

[4] Stone, Applied Optics, 27, 2960 (1988).

[5] P. Schaub, Ph. D. Dissertation, the University of Ari- zona, 1999.

[6] H. S. Kim, D. H. Lee, H. K. Kim and G. W. Lee,

Hankook Kwanghak Hoeji, 14, 369 (2003).

(7)

[7] M. Lloyd, Thermal imaging systems, 2nd ed. (Plenum Press, New York, 1979), p. 257.

[8] R. Irving, D. Hasenauer and J. F. Isenberg, Holo-

graphic and diffractive optical elements of ad- vanced topics in Code V seminar notes of Optical Research Associates (Pasadena, 2001), p. 78.

Design of an Auto-Athermalization System for the Uncooled Thermal Imaging Camera

Hyeon-Soo Kim and Hyun-Kyu Kim Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 305-600

(Received 24 June 2005)

In the field, the uncooled thermal imaging camera should be refocused because it is operated in the wide temperature range. There are two types of method to fulfill the refocusing; one is the active method that corrects the defocus with a motor or a manual knob, the other is the passive method that compensates for the defocus canceling the thermal changes between lenses each other or for the optomechanics. In this paper, we designed the auto-athermalization system for the uncooled thermal imaging camera without any external driving equipment or adjusting mechanism over the wide temperature, − 30

C ∼ +70

C and also analysed the performance of the athermalization of it. The result was satisfied with the requirement of the performance. The optics used for analysis is the F/1.0 diffractive optics for the uncooled thermal imaging system in the long wavelength infrared, 8 µm ∼ 12 µm region. The F/1.0 diffractive optics was composed of two germanium lenses; the rear surface of the first lens was designed by both of the aspheric and diffractive surface, the others were the aspheric surfaces. The required MTF was 0.5 at the edge field of view when the Nyquist frequency is 11.11 cycles/mm.

PACS numbers: 42.15.Eq

Keywords: Uncooled, Athermalization, Aspheric surface, Diffractive surface, Defocus, Diffractive optical element, Numerical aperture

E-mail: kimhs@add.re.kr

수치

Table 1. Radii and spaces of diffraction ring for the F/1.0 diffrative optics. Position of Last Ring 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th (5.6) Radius of Ring (mm) 35.61 50.08 61.05 70.21 78.14 82.35 Spacing of Ring (mm) 35.66 14.42 10.97 9.16 7.93 4.21 Total No
Fig. 2. Sensitivity analysis of the F/1.0 diffractive optics with moving lenses and image plane.
Table 2. Amount of defocus with varying temperature and compensation values by the correction barrel (unit:
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of auto athermalization sys- sys-tem utilized linear expasion of solid.
+2

참조

관련 문서

A substance as germanium or silicon whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal (like copper) and an insulator (like rubber); More importan t of

with the experimental C versus t data. If the fit is unsatisfactory, another rate equation is guessed and tested. Integral method is especially useful for fitting simple

Average of the indexed values of the following data: (1) Total value of the indexed score for disability-adjusted life years (the number of years lost due to illness,

The “Asset Allocation” portfolio assumes the following weights: 25% in the S&amp;P 500, 10% in the Russell 2000, 15% in the MSCI EAFE, 5% in the MSCI EME, 25% in the

1 John Owen, Justification by Faith Alone, in The Works of John Owen, ed. John Bolt, trans. Scott Clark, &#34;Do This and Live: Christ's Active Obedience as the

The purpose of this study is to come up with a method to evaluate Virtual Reality Art. To suggest the method, Noël Carroll's category-relative evaluation

In this study, therefore, the method for measuring residual stresses using ESPI technique that is one of the laser applied measurement technique excellent in the view

This expression is used when the content of the following clause is a condition or method to achieve the situation of the first clause.. 갈비가 타지 않게끔