A Study on the early 20s Chinese Women's lower Body Types - Focused on the Residents in Beijing and Shanghai -

. Introduction

Ⅰ

In China, there were and are a number of economic events continually in the past and the future. Such as became a member of WTO in 2001, bast off an unmanned spacecraft in 2003, free circulation in 2005, the host country of the

2008 Olympics, the host country of the 2010 World Trade Show, etc.

China is in potential demand of one thousand three hundred million people which shows 10percent steady growth every year, and Gross Domestic Product(GDP) per head in 2002 broke through 100 billion US dollars. The GDP 2005 in

A Study on the early 20s Chinese Women’s lower Body Types - Focused on the Residents in Beijing and Shanghai -

Park, Jin-Young

․ Sohn, Hee-Soon

Dr. Course, Dept. of Clothing & Textiles, Sookmyung Women's University

Professor, Dept. of Clothing & Textiles, Sookmyung Women's University

Abstract

The purpose of this study was provide for the useful fundamental data by developing an lower appeal sizing system according to body types for early 20s Chinese women.

The subjects were 348 women whose ages were between 19 and 24 to live in Beijing and Shanghai, China. Out of total, 341 women with no abnormal numbers were taken as the sample of research.

This study was to characterize lower body type of the Chinese women in their early 20s by classifying them into groups according to drop measurement suggested by GB.

This study investigated body types of the Chinese women in their early 20s depending upon regions (Beijing and Shanghai) according to each factor.

This study made use of 46 kinds of indirect measures from June 23, 2004 to August 7, 2004. SPSS WIN 13.0 Program was used. And, correlation analysis, factor analysis, ANOVA(t-test and F-test) and duncan's multiple test, etc were done.

The average of the early 20s Chinese women's stature is 160.0cm, waist circumference 66.4cm, hip circumference 89.8cm, weight 52.1kg.

The result of analysis about the early 20s Chinese women's lower body size which are total 62 items come to 6 factors.

The Chinese women in their early 20s were divided into 3 groups depending upon waist circumference and drops of hip circumference.

Key Words : body measurement, lower body types, Drop value, factor. regional

China is 18.23trillion Yuan which is 9.9 percent higher than 2004 and steady the same rate of increase

as the as last year[footnote]. All companies who are in the circulation business in the world-including Korean companies-have had been prospect to be widening and expanding their business in the growing China market.

After amity between Korea and China in 1992, Korea trade to China also grew amazingly over 100 billion US dollars, which is exactly 111.99 billion, for the first time when fashion markets in China has been rapidly growing so that Korea became the 6th largest trading country to China in the world following EU, USA, Japan and ASEAN

.

The sales amount of clothing commodities in China has grown in Men's suit 29.2%, tops 31.8%, Women's wear 24.1%, Children's wear 19.7%, Jeans 13.1%, Jackets 32.3% and cashmere /wool tops 4.8%.

. Chinese prefer to wear a pair of trousers and jeans

. The frequency of wearing slacks, which is easy to wear and is comfortable, and matches to almost any kind of clothes. The ready made slacks patterns only focus on the 20s women's body which is no more physically growth. However, the more important things of new generations are clothes activity and beauty. So it is necessary to know the 20s women's body for producing patterns they like

.

Moreover, slacks patterns, which the Chinese women in their early 20s think have perfect looks to be good and comfortable

, will be also required before producing clothes for them.

These days, there are some ongoing study of Chinese women's upper body types and the details but not for their lower body types at all.

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for early 20s their Chinese women’s lower body types to make the foundation

information for producing slacks patterns.

. Study method

Ⅱ

1. Contents

1) This study investigated lower body measurement of the early 20s Chinese women, standard deviation, the minimum value, the maximum value, variation value and range of the whole group's measurements for the lower body 46 items.

2) This study compared and analyzed body type characteristics by early 20s and by regions (Beijing and Shanghai) according to each factor.

3) Grouping the early 20s chinese women's lower body types by drop measurement(Hip Circumference - Waist Circumference).

2. Object

The direct measurement was implemented for 348 women, 19 24 years of age, who reside in ∼ Beijing and Shanghai of China. Out of the total, 341 women with no abnormal numbers were taken as the sample of research.<Table 1>

3. Analysis of data

This study investigated 46 items by indirect measures from June 23, 2004 to August 7, 2004. SPSS 13.0 Program was used. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, ANOVA(t-test and F-test), duncan's multiple test, etc were done.

Table 1 showed sample plan as follows:

<Table 1> Sample plan

(unit: persons %)

Regional Ages

Total

19Age 20Age 21Age 22Age 23Age 24Age

Beijing

N 30 31 31 33 12 11 148

graph % (8.8) (9.1) (9.1) (9.7) (3.5) (3.2) (43.4)

column % (68.2) (47.7) (43.7) (51.6) (27.3) (20.8) (43.4)

rank % (20.3) (20.9) (20.9) (22.3) (8.1) (7.4) (100.0)

Shanghai

N 14 34 40 31 32 42 193

graph % (4.1) (10.0) (11.7) (9.1) (9.4) (12.3) (56.6)

column % (31.8) (52.3) (56.3) (48.4) (72.7) (79.2) (56.6) rank % (7.3) (17.6) (20.7) (16.1) (16.6) (21.8) (100.0)

Total

N 44 65 71 64 44 53 341

graph % (12.9) (19.1) (20.8) (18.8) (12.9) (15.5) (100.0) column % (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) (100.0) rank % (12.9) (19.1) (20.8) (18.8) (12.9) (15.5) (100.0)

4. Measuring item

Measuring items are needed to understand characteristics of Chinese adult women's lower body figure and manufacture of clothing pattern for export to China. Measuring items were organized by referring to ISO 8559

, KS A 7003(term for human body measurement

), KS A 7004(method of human body measurement), and human body measurements dictionary published from the fifth Korean body size survey (Size Korea) and established by consultation of model list in women's wear. Items for each part are 14 items for height part, 10 items for breadth part, 6 items for thickness part, 8 items for circumference part, 8 items of length part, 1 item of weight part which are 46 items in total, and measurements of items and parts are correspondent to <Table 2>.

. Results & Discussion

Ⅲ

1. Analysis of human body measurement of early 20s Chines women

1) Analysis of human body measurement of the early 20s lower body, Average, standard deviation, the minimum value, the maximum value, variation value and range of the whole group's measurements for the lower half of the body 46 items, 11 numerical index items, 10 measurement items are correspondent to <Table 3>.

The average of the early 20s Chinese women's

stature is 160.0cm, waist circumference 66.4cm,

hip circumference 89.8cm, weight 52.1kg.

<Table 2> Measuring the lower body type items for early 20s of chinese women

Measurement Items Measurement Items

Height (14)

Stature

Depth (6)

Waist Depth

Waist Height Height Depth

waist height of the navel level Knee Depth Hip Depth Breadth Height

hip below line thickness Iliocristale Height

Calf Depth Crotch Height

Knee Height

Circumference (8)

Waist Circumference

Minimum Leg Height Abdomen Circumference

Outside boksa height Hip Circumference

Inside boksa height Thigh Circumference

Waist Height Knee Circumference

back waist circumference line

and hip line Height Calf Circumference

Minimum Leg Circumference Thigh Height

maximum circumference of an ankle Calf Height

Breadth (10)

Waist Breadth

Lenght (7)

Crotch Length Waist to Hip Length Abdomen Breadth

Waist to lateral Maileolus Hip Breadth

Thigh bone interval breadth Outside Leg Length

Thigh Breadth foot length

Knee Breadth

line between back waist circumference line and hip line length

minimum breadth of an ankle maximum breadth of an ankle

thigh straight line length foot breadth

Others

(1) Weight

Calf Breadth

Total 46

<Table 3> Analysis of lower body measurement of early 20s Chines women

Item N SD mini

value

maxi value

variation

value range

Height

Stature 160.0 5.4 144.8 178.6 3.4 33.8

Waist Height 99.9 4.3 88.1 112.3 4.3 24.2

waist heigh of the navel level 94.1 4.2 83.1 112.8 4.5 29.7

Breadth Height 89.7 4.1 77.1 102.1 4.6 25.0

Iliocristale Height 92.9 4.2 79.0 105.4 4.5 26.4

Crotch Height 72.4 4.5 29.7 87.0 6.2 57.3

Knee Height 43.2 2.4 31.5 48.6 5.6 17.1

Minimum Leg Height 10.3 .9 6.8 13.7 8.7 6.9

Outside boksa height 6.4 .8 4.5 10.2 12.5 5.7

Inside boksa height 7.6 .6 4.2 9.4 7.9 5.2

Waist Height 79.1 4.2 62.2 98.6 5.3 36.4

back waist circumference line

and hip line Height 70.0 4.7 29.9 99.4 6.7 69.5

Thigh Height 73.2 4.8 59.6 98.2 6.6 38.6

Calf Height 31.6 2.0 25.5 37.2 6.3 11.7

Breadth

Waist Breadth 22.8 2.2 18.8 32.6 9.6 13.8

Abdomen Breadth 29.7 2.2 20.7 37.9 7.4 17.2

Hip Breadth 32.1 1.9 20.4 39.6 5.9 19.2

Thigh bone interval breadth 32.5 1.8 25.5 39.0 5.5 13.5

Thigh Breadth 15.4 1.3 10.5 21.9 8.4 11.4

Knee Breadth 10.3 .8 7.6 15.1 7.8 7.5

minimum breadth of an ankle 5.2 .4 3.3 6.5 7.7 3.2

maximum breadth of an ankle 6.0 .6 3.1 9.0 10.0 5.9

foot breadth 9.0 .7 6.2 11.3 7.8 5.1

Calf Breadth 10.2 1.0 7.0 16.9 9.8 9.9

Depth

Waist Depth 17.5 2.1 12.7 29.3 12.0 16.6

Height Depth 19.9 2.4 11.7 30.4 12.1 18.7

Knee Depth 10.6 .8 8.4 16.1 7.5 7.7

Hip Depth 20.3 2.0 14.0 29.9 9.9 15.9

hip below line thickness 16.0 1.6 10.7 21.9 10.0 11.2

Calf Depth 10.5 .7 8.1 13.5 6.7 5.4

Circumfe rence

Waist Circumference 66.4 6.5 54.1 110.0 9.8 55.9

Abdomen Circumference 81.6 6.6 66.7 113.5 8.1 46.8

Hip Circumference 89.8 5.1 73.8 111.3 5.7 37.5

Thigh Circumference 51.8 4.9 40.9 96.0 9.5 55.1

Knee Circumference 35.0 2.8 24.0 55.8 8.0 31.8

Calf Circumference 34.5 2.3 25.5 45.2 6.7 19.7

Minimum Leg Circumference 21.0 1.6 18.1 37.3 7.6 19.2

maximum circumference of an ankle 23.2 1.3 20.0 26.8 5.6 6.8

Length

Crotch Length 71.6 4.1 60.2 89.5 5.7 29.3

Waist to Hip Length 22.0 2.3 15.7 39.7 10.5 24.0

Waist to lateral Maileolus 95.7 4.4 73.3 108.2 4.6 34.9

<Table 3> continue

Item N SD mini

value

maxi value

variation

value range

Length

Outside Leg Length 101.7 4.55 88.6 118.7 4.4 30.1

line between back waist

circumference line and hip line length 23.0 1.4 15.2 33.0 6.1 17.8

thigh straight line length 27.9 2.1 20.8 34.3 7.5 13.5

Others Weight 52.1 7.4 37.6 92.8 14.2 55.2

Röhrer 1.3 .2 .9 2.2 15.4 1.3

exponent

Waist Depth/Waist Breadth 77.0 7.3 49.4 136.9 9.5 87.6

Abdomen Depth/Abdomen breadth 67.0 6.4 38.1 100.3 9.6 62.2

Hip Depth/Hip breadth 63.3 5.5 45.2 91.3 8.7 46.1

Knee Depth/Knee Depth breadth 103.9 8.4 67.7 162.6 8.1 94.9 Abdomen breadth /Waist Breadth 130.9 9.4 77.2 158.1 7.2 80.8 Hip breadth/Waist Breadth I 141.7 10.1 98.1 164.4 7.1 66.3 Abdomen Depth /Waist Depth 114.2 11.7 56.0 198.7 10.2 142.7

Hip Depth/Waist Depth 116.9 11.4 71.0 176.5 9.8 105.5

Abdomen Circumference/

Waist Circumference 123.2 6.7 76.4 144.4 5.4 68.0

Hip Circumference/

Abdomen Circumference 110.3 5.0 97.7 125.9 4.5 28.2

calculation

Hip breadth-Waist Breadth 9.3 1.9 -.4 13.0 20.4 13.4

Hip breadth-Abdomen breadth 2.4 1.7 -8.6 13.6 70.8 22.2

Hip Depth-Waist Depth 2.8 2.0 -8.5 11.7 71.4 20.2

Hip Depth -Abdomen Depth .4 1.9 -8.4 13.9 475.0 22.3

Hip Circumference-

Waist Circumference 23.4 4.5 -18.9 33.5 19.2 52.4

Hip Circumference -

Abdomen Circumference 8.2 3.7 -2.4 18.8 45.1 21.2

Abdomen Circumference-

Waist Circumference 15.2 4.5 -26.0 27.1 29.6 53.1

Abdomen breadth-Waist Breadth 6.9 1.9 -6.6 12.6 27.5 19.2

Abdomen Depth-Waist Depth 2.4 2.1 -12.9 15.1 87.5 28.0

2) Analysis of regional distinction

of the early 20s lower body measurement Direct measurements were carried out from early 20s Chinese women residing in Beijing or Shanghai to study the difference in characteristic of figure between two groups a result shown in

<Table 4> by accounting the average and standard deviation about the total 69 items including the height item, breadth item, thickness

item, circumference item, length item, index item, calculation item and the other items and this result appears to differ in 26 items from total of 69 items.

In height items, 4 items turned out to be distinct in regions among total 14 items.

Shanghai women had higher average measurements

on height of rump bone ridge line, rump furrow,

calf where as Beijing women had higher average

knee height.

In breadth items, 2 items turned out to have meaningful difference in region among total of 10 items. Beijing women had higher measurements on breadth of abdomen and foot which brings a conclusion that Beijing women have wider breadth than Shanghai women.

In thickness items, 3 out of 6 items turned out to have regional difference. Beijing women appeared to have thicker abdomen, knee and hip underline.

In circumference items, 6 out of total 8 items appeared to have meaningful regional distinct.

Beijing women had bigger size in average for circumference of waist, hip, thigh, knee, minimum circumference of the calf of leg and maximum circumference of an ankle except for circumference of abdomen and the calf. Beijing women turned out to have bigger size in circumference items of the lower body.

In length items, 1 item had regional difference in total of 9 items which is that Beijing women have longer foot length.

In the other items, both 2 items had meaningful difference in region. Beijing women

<Table 4> Analysis of regional distinction of lower body measurement of early 20s chines women

Regional Item

Beijing Shanghai

t-test

M SD M SD

Height

Stature 160.0 5.5 160.0 5.4 -. 04

Waist Height 99.8 4.3 100.1 4.3 -. 54

waist heigh of the navel level 93.6 4.0 94.5 4.3 -1. 97

Abdomen Height 89.4 4.0 89.9 4.1 -1. 32

Iliocristale Height 92.2 4.2 93.4 4.1 -2. 66**

Crotch Height 72.6 3.9 72.2 5.0 . 93

Knee Height 43.5 2.4 43.0 2.4 2. 14*

Minimum Leg Height 10.3 1.0 10.4 .8 -. 78

Outside boksa height 6.4 .8 6.3 .7 . 77

Inside boksa height 7.6 .6 7.6 .6 . 04

Hip Height 79.0 4.5 79.1 3.9 -. 33

back waist circumference line

and hip line Height 70.4 4.8 69.7 4.7 1. 37

Thigh Height 71.2 4.5 74.7 4.5 -7. 31***

Calf Height 31.2 1.8 31.9 2.0 -2. 97**

*p .05, **p .01, ***p .001

※ ≤ ≤ ≤

had higher size in weight and Röhrer index than Shangai women which appear to be have more obesity.

2 out of 10 index item had difference in region. Beijing women had higher index in breadth of abdomen, breadth of waist and thickness of abdomen, thickness of waist.

In calculation items, 5 out of 10 items had meaningful distinction in region. Shanghai women had bigger in items such as breadth of hip - breadth of abdomen, thickness of hip - thickness of hip - thickness of abdomen and Beijing women had bigger in breadth of hip - breadth of waist, thickness of abdomen, thickness of waist and substantiality index of body.

Synthesizing all the results, Shanghai women

had higher in categories related to height such

as height of hip bone ridge, thigh, ridge where

as Beijing women had higher size in breadth,

thickness, circumference, index, calculation and

other items. As a result, Beijing women appeared

to have more obesity characteristic than

Shanghai women.

<Table 4> Continue

Regional Item

Beijing Shanghai

t-test

M SD M SD

Breadth

Waist Breadth 22.9 2.4 22.7 2.0 . 70

Abdomen Breadth 30.2 2.1 29.4 2.3 3. 28**

Hip Breadth 32.3 2.0 32.0 1.7 1. 74

Thigh bone interval breadth 32.7 1.7 32.3 1.9 1. 86

Thigh Breadth 15.5 1.3 15.3 1.2 1. 61

Knee Breadth 10.3 .9 10.2 .8 1. 23

minimum breadth of an ankle 5.2 .4 5.2 .5 -. 24

maximum breadth of an ankle 6.0 .7 6.0 .4 -1. 28

foot Breadth 9.3 .6 8.8 .8 6. 17***

Calf Breadth 10.2 1.0 10.3 1.0 -. 47

Depth

Waist Depth 17.6 2.2 17.5 2.1 . 27

Abdoment Depth 20.3 2.6 19.6 2.3 2. 47

Knee Depth 10.7 .8 10.5 .8 2. 14

Hip Depth 20.3 2.1 20.3 1.9 . 07

hip below line thickness 16.2 1.5 15.8 1.7 2. 42*

Calf Depth 10.5 .7 10.5 .7 -. 17

Circumfer- ence

Waist Circumference 67.2 7.3 65.7 5.9 2. 14*

Abdomen Circumference 82.2 6.8 81.1 6.4 1. 59

Hip Circumference 90.7 5.3 89.0 4.9 3. 22**

Thigh Circumference 52.9 5.9 50.8 3.7 4. 08***

Knee Circumference 35.5 3.1 34.6 2.4 2. 98**

Calf Circumference 34.7 2.4 34.3 2.2 1. 83

Minimum Leg Circumference 21.3 2.1 20.8 1.1 2. 45*

maximum circumference of an ankle 23.4 1.4 23.0 1.2 2. 55*

Length

Crotch Length 22.0 2.2 21.9 2.4 0. 43

Waist to Hip Length 96.1 4.3 95.3 4.5 1. 39

Waist to lateral Maileolus 102.0 4.4 101.5 4.6 1. 20

Outside Leg Length 23.4 1.6 22.8 1.2 4. 28***

foot length 138.1 5.6 137.1 5.0 1. 66

line between back waist circumference

line and hip line length 31.7 2.0 31.4 1.9 1. 52

thigh straight line length 27.9 1.9 28.0 2.2 -0. 23

other Weight 53.2 7.4 51.2 7.3 2. 61**

Röhrer 1.3 0.2 1.2 0.2 3. 00**

exponent

Waist Depth / Waist Breadth 76.9 7.6 77.1 7.1 -0. 32

Abdomen Depth/Abdomen breadth 67.2 6.7 66.9 6.1 0. 46

Hip Depth / Hip breadth 63.0 5.7 63.6 5.3 -1. 05

Knee Depth/ Knee Depth breadth 104.4 7.2 103.5 9.2 0. 95 Abdomen breadth /Waist Breadth 132.5 9.4 129.8 9.3 2. 69**

Hip breadth / Waist Breadth I 142.2 11.0 141.4 9.4 0. 67 Abdomen Depth / Waist Depth 116.1 12.9 112.7 10.4 2. 73**

Hip Depth/ Waist Depth 116.7 11.5 117.0 11.4 -0. 26

Abdomen Circumference/

Waist Circumference 122.8 7.4 123.6 6.1 -1. 13

Hip Circumference /

Abdomen Circumference 110.7 5.0 110.1 4.9 1. 16

*p .05, **p .01, ***p .001

※ ≤ ≤ ≤

<Table 4> Continue

Regional Item

Beijing Shanghai

t-test

M SD M SD

calculation

Hip breadth-Waist Breadth 27.2 2.1 27.9 3.6 -2. 18*

Hip breadth-Abdomen breadth 9.5 2.0 9.3 1.7 0. 94

Hip Depth-Waist Depth 2.2 1.8 2.6 1.6 -2. 37*

Hip Depth-Abdomen Depth 2.8 2.0 2.8 2.0 -. 21

Hip Circumference-

Waist Circumference 0.1 1.7 0.7 1.9 -3. 17**

Hip Circumference -

Abdomen Circumference 23.5 5.1 23.3 4.0 0. 51

Abdomen Circumference-

Waist Circumference 8.5 3.7 7.9 3.6 1. 56

Abdomen breadth-Waist Breadth 15.0 5.1 15.4 3.9 -0. 77

Abdomen Depth-Waist Depth 7.3 1.9 6.7 2.0 2. 97**

Abdomen Depth/Waist Depth 2.7 2.3 2.1 1.9 2. 63**

*p .05, **p .01, ***p .001

※ ≤ ≤ ≤

2. Classification of the lower body types 1) Grouping of the lower body types

6 conclusion factors have been found for the characterized types that contain a major factors of the early 20s chinese women who we studied. The 6 contain factors the early 20s Chinese women lower body types can explain of accumulative contribution rate is 67.4%. The clarification for the factors loading amount, we used Orthogonal Varimax to be cross rotating concerned the result of screen-test and analysis of factors.<Table 5>

The factor 1 is lower body's obesity and horizontal size related to circumference, thickness, breadth, weight and Rohrer's index.

Representation items are in order of the highest points-hip circumference(0.889), weight (0.883), calf circumference(0.786), abdomen circumference(0.785), hip depth(0.779), Rohrer's index(0.759), abdomen depth(0.758), hip breadth (0.749), thigh bones breadth(0.724) and thigh breadth(0.717), in other words, 24 items in total.

It is the highest factor in 6 factors and the

origin points is 13.106. This means total variable of 21.485%.

The factor 2 is the lower body's vertical size more focused on the lower body's height and length including stature.

Representation items are in order of the highest points-waist height(0.916), abdomen height(0.896), outside leg length(0.889), stature (0.887), lliocristale height(0.875), hip height (0.869), waist to lateral Maileolus(0.865), crotch height(0.853), in other words, 15 items in total.

It is the second highest factor in 6 factors and the origin points is 10.343. This means total variable of 16.955%.

The factor 3 is waist breadth and circumference.

Representation items are in order of the highest points abdomen breadth/ waist breadth (0.832), hip breadth-waist breadth(0.809), hip breadth/waist breadth(0.809), abdomen breadth- waist breadth(0.800), in other words, 7 items in total. The origin points is 5.301 which means total variable of 8.690%.

The factor 4 is hip sides shape.

Representation items are in order of the

highest points-hip depth-abdomen depth(0.947), hip depth/abdomen depth(0.942), hip depth/hip breadth(0.606) and are in total 4 items. The origin points is 4.233 which means the total variable of 6.940%.

The factor 5 is hip circumference and breadth.

Representation items are in order of the highest points-hip circumference-abdomen circumference (0.779), hip circumference/abdomen circumference (0.765) and hip circumference-abdomen breadth

<Table 5> Grouping of the lower body types of early 20s Chines women

specification Item factor 1 factor 2 factor 3 factor 4 factor 5 factor 6 Component

lower body's obesity &

horizontal size

Hip Circumference .889 .157 .051 -.084 -.010 -.029 .825

Weight .883 .300 -.101 -.121 -.075 -.055 .903

Calf Circumference .786 .055 .050 -.023 -.014 .002 .624 Abdomen circumference .785 .144 .065 -.211 -.455 -.058 .897

Hip Breadth .779 .012 -.160 .419 -.196 .061 .850

Röhrer .759 -.415 -.193 -.125 -.181 -.100 .844

Abdomen Depth .758 .007 -.145 -.419 -.342 .057 .890

Hip Breadth .749 .210 .214 -.178 .119 -.104 .707

Calf Depth .746 .099 -.003 .055 .015 -.050 .571

Thigh bone interval Breadth .724 .177 .164 -.052 .069 -.003 .589

Thigh Breadth .717 .014 -.014 .046 .020 -.041 .519

hip below line thickness .695 -.016 .018 .172 -.072 .020 .519

Abdomen Breadth .691 .194 .213 -.159 -.371 -.050 .727

Knee Breadth .691 .069 -.035 .007 .053 -.007 .486

Waist Circumference .684 .133 -.419 -.274 -.217 -.155 .806

Crotch Length .671 .221 -.025 .016 .189 -.136 .554

Thigh Circumference .660 .023 -.148 -.051 .130 .079 .484

Waist Breadth .656 .151 -.530 -.040 -.185 -.046 .772

Waist thickness .653 .020 -.257 -.094 -.198 -.627 .934

Thigh Breadth .652 .023 -.011 .044 -.058 -.012 .431

Knee Circumference .621 .160 -.073 -.069 .158 .045 .448

Knee Depth .616 .221 -.014 .150 .034 -.065 .457

Minimum Leg Circumference .564 .076 -.105 -.055 .168 .108 .377 maximum circumference of

an ankle .526 .346 .093 -.068 .032 .077 .417

(0.615) are in total 6 items. The origin points is 4.142 which means total variable of 6.790%.

The factor 6 is waist sides shape.

Representation items are in order of the highest

points-abdomen depth/waist depth(0.851),

abdomen depth-waist depth(0.842), hip depth-

waist depth(0.791), waist depth/waist breadth

(-0.782) and hip depth/waist depth(0.775), in

other words, 5 items in total. The origin points

is 3.998 which means total variable of 6.554%.

<Table 5> Continue

specification Item factor 1 factor 2 factor 3 factor 4 factor 5 factor 6 Componen

lower body's vertical size

Calf Height .201 .916 .076 -.017 .107 -.028 .898

Abdomen Height .095 .896 -.073 .069 .189 -.027 .858

Outside Leg Length .252 .889 .080 -.033 .069 .011 .866

Stature .252 .887 .106 -.006 .134 .048 .882

Iliocristale Height .171 .875 .009 .035 .036 -.050 .801

Hip Height .113 .869 .000 .021 -.126 .090 .792

Waist to lateral Maileolus .250 .865 .098 -.050 .101 .017 .833

Crotch Height .072 .843 .047 -.061 .016 .035 .723

back waist circumference line

and hip line Height .053 .770 .069 -.011 -.292 -.021 .687 thigh straight line length .006 .770 -.015 -.064 -.111 .082 .616

thigh Height .004 .733 -.069 .106 -.044 .006 .556

Knee Height .209 .729 .030 -.096 .067 .039 .592

Calf Height .156 .648 -.064 .057 -.011 -.018 .452

Waist Height/Stature .004 .493 -.015 -.029 .005 -.150 .266 Hip Height /Stature -.079 .467 -.109 .037 -.335 .095 .358

waist breadth, circumference

Abdomen Breadth/Waist Breadth -.117 .013 .832 -.100 -.143 .019 .738 Hip breadth-Waist Breadth .017 .041 .809 -.134 .327 -.053 .784 Hip breadth/Waist Breadth -.218 -.012 .806 -.088 .324 -.021 .810 Abdomen Breadth-Waist

Breadth .072 .056 .800 -.134 -.217 -.006 .713

Abdomen Circumference/

Waist Circumference -.062 .006 .728 .120 -.270 .176 .652 Abdomen Circumference-

Waist Circumference .150 .017 .670 .084 -.335 .133 .608 Hip Circumference-Waist

Circumference .024 -.013 .638 .289 .291 .184 .609

hip sides shape

Hip Depth-Abdomen Depth -.112 .004 .010 .947 .213 -.005 .955 Hip Depth/Abdomen Depth -.104 .013 -.002 .942 .172 -.056 .932 Hip Depth/Hip Breadth .331 -.135 -.343 .606 -.307 .150 .729 Abdomen Depth/Abdomen

Breadth .364 -.165 -.390 -.397 -.087 .135 .495

hip Circumference,

Breadth

Hip Circumference-abdomen

Circumference -.157 -.037 -.044 .254 .779 .062 .703

Hip Circumference/abdomen

Circumference -.243 -.050 -.075 .257 .765 .058 .722

Hip breadth-Abdomen

Breadth -.066 -.019 -.039 .008 .615 -.051 .387

Waist Height-back waist circumference line and hip line Height

.162 .076 .000 -.006 .490 -.006 .272 back waist circumference

line and hip line eight/Stature -.096 .421 .020 -.012 -.463 -.058 .405

Waist to Hip Length .202 .145 .113 -.075 .449 -.130 .299

<Table 5> Continue

specification Item factor 1 factor 2 factor 3 factor 4 factor 5 factor 6 Component

waist sides shape

Abdomen Depth /Waist Depth .035 -.041 .190 -.401 -.186 .851 .959 Abdomen Depth -Waist Depth .162 -.016 .132 -.417 -.191 .842 .964 Hip Depth-Waist Depth .042 -.011 .134 .539 .029 .791 .936 Waist Depth /Waist Breadth .188 -.126 .162 -.062 -.066 -.782 .697 Hip Depth /Waist Depth -.081 -.022 .173 .550 .043 .775 .941

eigenvalue 13.106 10.343 5.301 4.233 4.142 3.998

% of variable 21.485 16.955 8.690 6.940 6.790 6.554 cumulative % 21.485 38.441 47.130 54.070 60.860 67.414

<Table 6> Difference of making lower body shape factors regionally

factor specification

Beijing n=148

Shanghai

n=193 t-test

M SD M SD

factor1 lower body's obesity&horizontal size .15 .99 -.11 .99 2.37*

factor2 lower body's vertical size -.06 .99 .05 1.01 -.98

factor3 waist breadth circumference ․ .10 1.09 -.07 .93 1.57

factor4 hip sides shape -.17 .85 .13 1.08 -2.81**

factor5 hip CircumferenceBreadth ․ .04 1.03 -.03 .97 .58

factor6 waist sides shape .05 .98 -.04 1.01 .83

*p .05, **p .01.

※ ≤ ≤

2) Comparison analysis of lower body type factors in Beijing and Shanghai Table 1 shows the result of t-test for making body shape factors in Beijing and Shanghai.

As you can see table 1, between the factors of 1 and 4, there are some noticeable differences regionally. The group of women who live in Beijing shows higher size than the Shanghai group's women in factor 1 ' the lower body's obesity and horizontal size' which means the Beijing group women's lower body circumference and breadth is bigger and fatter. <Table 6>

3. Grouping lower body's shape by Drop value For the grouping of the early 20s Chinese

women's lower body shape, it has been selected by Drop value(hip circumference-waist circumference).

This study that made group of lower body shape using drop measurement referred to the study of Lee Jin Kyung(1995)

, Park Hye Jin(1999), Park Sun Young (2003), etc. And, the measurement of drop has been divided into 3 sections in total, from the smallest part 25%

which is ranged in 18.90 21.50cm to be type ∼ , and the measurement of drop is ranged in

Ⅰ

21.60 25.80cm which is 50% to be type ∼ Ⅱ , and type Ⅲ is total 25% and its measurement is ranged in 25.90 33.50cm. These three types of ∼ the drop measurement averages are 20.2cm, 23.7cm, 29.7cm<Table 7>, <Table 8>.

The specification of each types are below.

The subjects of type Ⅰ (drop value 18.9 ∼ 21.5cm) is the most dangerous type to be obesity in its lower body because the study shows the big differences in waist breadth․ waist depth ․ abdomen depth ․ waist circumference ․ abdomen circumference weight. The difference ․ between abdomen circumference and waist circumference is 12.7cm, the difference between abdomen circumference and hip circumference is 5.6cm, the difference between waist circumference and hip circumference is 18.3cm, the difference between abdomen circumference is 20.7cm, waist circumference is 70.7cm, abdomen circumference is 83.4cm. Therefore, Type Ⅰ shows smaller in hip circumference- abdomen circumference, circumference-waist circumference and also hip circumference than other types, it shows bigger in abdomen depth, waist circumference than other types.

The subjects of type Ⅱ (drop value 21.60 ∼ 25.80cm) shows the middle in every items and

<Table 7> A distribution of type of lower body by Drop value (circumference of hip - waist)

N Percent Drops

Type Ⅰ (25%) 86 25.2 18.90 ~ 21.50cm

Type Ⅱ (50%) 169 49.6 21.60 ~ 25.80cm

Type Ⅲ (25%) 86 25.2 25.90 ~ 33.50cm

Total 341 100.0

<Table 8> Result of statistical analysis of lower body measurement by Drop Value

Type Item

TypeⅠ (n=86)

TypeⅡ (n=169)

TypeⅢ

(n=86) F-test Duncan-

M SD M SD M SD test

Height

Stature 159.2 4.8 159.4 5.3 162.0 6.0 7.69** b b a

Waist Height 99.3 4.0 99.7 4.3 101.2 4.5 4.84** b b a

waist height of the nave level 93.8 3.7 93.8 4.3 95.1 4.5 3.17* b b a

Breadth Height 89.8 3.9 89.3 4.0 90.6 4.4 2.92

Iliocristale Height 93.1 4.0 92.4 4.2 93.8 4.4 2.95

Crotch Height 72.4 3.5 72.0 5.1 73.2 4.4 2.20

Knee Height 43.3 2.1 42.9 2.5 43.8 2.4 4.74** ab b a

Minimum Leg Height 10.3 1.1 10.3 0.8 10.4 0.8 0.58

also in abdomen depth, abdomen depth/abdomen breadth, it shows smaller than type Ⅰ like type . Stature, waist height, hip breadth, abdomen

Ⅲ

breadth, hip side length is smaller than type Ⅲ like type Ⅰ . However, in hip depth/waist depth, hip depth-waist depth, hip depth-abdomen depth, it shows bigger than type Ⅰ and wait flatness is bigger than type Ⅰ , and hip flatness is bigger than type Ⅲ . So it shows the specification of average body shape.

The subjects of type Ⅲ (drop value 25.90 ∼

33.50cm) is the smallest one in vertical size and

Röhrer's index, however, the height item which

consists of the horizontal size item and the

length item reaches the biggest points. Waist

breadth, waist circumference is the smallest

compared with the other types and hip breadth,

hip breadth is the biggest one compared with

other types. Relating to hip and waist calculation

also shows the most biggest gap. Type Ⅲ have

a tall and slim body shape in waist and hip

lines compared with other types.

<Table 8> Continue

Type Item

TypeⅠ (n=86)

TypeⅡ (n=169)

TypeⅢ

(n=86) F-test Duncan-

M SD M SD M SD test

Height

Outside boksa height 6.4 0.8 6.3 0.7 6.4 0.7 0.25

Inside boksa height 7.6 0.6 7.5 0.7 7.8 0.6 3.71* b b a

Waist Height 78.9 4.2 79.0 4.2 79.5 4.2 0.55

back waist circumference line

and hip line Height 70.2 3.3 69.7 5.3 70.7 4.8 1.29

Thigh Height 73.3 4.3 72.8 4.7 74.0 5.7 1.78

Calf Height 31.6 1.8 31.5 2.0 31.6 2.1 0.09

Breadth

Waist Breadth 23.8 2.2 22.6 2.1 21.9 1.5 18.18*** a b c

Abdomen Breadth 30.0 2.4 29.5 2.1 29.8 2.2 1.36

Hip Breadth 32.0 2.1 31.9 1.8 32.8 1.4 7.17** b b a

Thigh bone interval breadth 32.1 1.8 32.3 1.8 33.1 1.5 8.39*** b b a

Thigh Breadth 15.5 1.2 15.2 1.3 15.5 1.1 1.91

Knee Breadth 10.3 1.0 10.2 0.7 10.3 0.8 1.35

minimum Breadth of an ankle 5.2 0.4 5.2 0.4 5.3 0.4 1.03 maximum Breadth of an ankle 6.0 0.5 6.0 0.5 6.0 0.6 0.41

foot Breadth 9.0 0.7 9.0 0.7 9.0 0.9 0.06

Calf Breadth 10.3 1.2 10.2 0.8 10.3 1.1 0.90

Depth

Waist Depth 18.6 2.5 17.3 1.8 16.9 1.9 16.14*** a b b

Height Depth 20.7 2.8 19.6 1.9 19.3 1.7 11.73*** a b b

Knee Depth 10.6 0.8 10.6 0.8 10.7 0.8 0.08

Hip Depth 20.5 2.4 20.2 1.8 20.1 1.5 0.69

hip below line thickness 15.9 1.9 15.9 1.5 16.3 1.5 1.77

Calf Depth 10.5 0.8 10.4 0.7 10.6 0.6 1.10

Circumfer -ence

Waist Circumference 70.7 8.5 65.3 4.6 63.5 3.6 38.20*** a b c Abdomen Circumference 83.4 7.5 80.6 6.0 81.2 5.0 5.86** a b b

Hip Circumference 89.0 5.7 89.1 4.6 91.5 4.1 7.64** b b a

Thigh Circumference 52.5 7.6 51.1 3.6 52.1 3.4 2.64 Knee Circumference 35.3 4.0 34.7 2.2 35.1 2.1 1.57 Calf Circumference 34.4 2.8 34.3 2.1 34.6 1.8 0.50 Minimum Leg Circumference 21.2 2.5 20.9 1.2 21.1 1.2 0.88 maximum

of an ankle 23.1 1.3 23.1 1.3 23.5 1.2 2.57

length

Crotch Length 71.4 4.1 71.3 4.2 72.5 3.3 2.94

Waist to Hip Length 21.5 2.1 21.8 2.5 22.8 1.8 8.14*** b b a Waist to lateral Maileolus 95.1 3.7 95.4 4.1 97.2 5.1 6.33** b b a Outside Leg Length 101.2 4.0 101.3 4.5 103.1 4.8 5.17** b b a

foot length 22.5 1.5 23.1 1.4 23.3 1.2 7.45** b a a

thigh straight line length 28.2 2.0 27.8 2.1 28.1 1.9 1.80

Other Weight 53.5 8.3 51.0 6.8 52.1 5.7 3.66* a b ab

Röhrer 1.3 0.2 1.3 0.1 1.2 0.1 9.23*** a b b

p .05, **p .01, ***p .001

※ ≤ ≤ ≤

Different alphabet is used to indicate groups which have meaningful difference in level *p .05

※ ≤

of Duncan-test verification result (a>b>c>d).

<Table 8> Continue

Type Item

TypeⅠ (n=86)

TypeⅡ (n=169)

TypeⅢ

(n=86) F-test Duncan-

M SD M SD M SD test

exponent

Waist Depth/ Waist Breadth 78.2 6.5 76.6 6.6 77.3 8.4 1.43 Abdomen Depth/

Abdomen Breadth 69.1 6.1 66.4 4.8 65.0 6.5 12.19*** a b b

Hip Depth / Hip Breadth 64.0 5.9 63.6 5.2 61.5 3.9 6.18** a a b Knee Depth/ Knee Depth

Breadth 103.8 7.9 104.6 8.6 103.3 7.5 0.74

Abdomen Breadth /Waist Breadth 126.4 6.9 130.9 9.3 135.9 9.5 24.09*** c b a Hip Breadth/Waist Breadth 135.1 8.5 141.5 9.5 149.7 6.7 59.36*** c b a Abdomen Depth/Waist Depth 111.8 9.1 113.5 8.6 114.5 10.5 1.77

Hip Depth/ Waist Depth 110.8 10.8 117.5 9.7 119.6 9.4 18.95*** b a a Abdomen Circumference/

Waist Circumference 118.5 7.9 123.4 5.1 127.8 5.1 51.14*** c b a Hip Circumference /

Abdomen Circumference 107.0 4.8 110.9 4.4 112.9 4.1 37.34*** c b a

calculation

Hip Breadth- aist Breadth 8.2 1.6 9.2 1.8 10.8 1.1 55.56*** c b a Hip Breadth-Abdomen Breadth 2.0 1.4 2.4 1.6 3.0 1.9 7.97*** b b a Hip Depth- Waist Depth 1.9 2.0 2.9 1.6 3.2 1.8 14.07*** b a a Hip Depth-Abdomen Depth -.3 2.0 .7 1.8 .9 1.3 10.75*** b a a Hip Circumference-

Waist Circumference 18.3 5.4 23.8 1.2 27.9 1.7 229.07*** c b a Hip Circumference -

Abdomen Circumference 5.6 3.6 8.6 3.2 10.3 2.9 45.83*** c b a Abdomen Circumference-

Waist Circumference 12.7 6.2 15.3 3.3 17.6 3.2 29.56*** c b a Abdomen breadth-W aist Breadth 6.2 1.4 6.9 2.0 7.8 2.0 15.55*** c b a Abdomen Depth-Waist Depth 2.1 1.7 2.3 1.5 2.3 2.2 0.26

Abdomen Depth/Waist Depth 62.4 1.3 62.5 1.1 62.5 1.1 0.40 p .05, **p .01, ***p .001

※ ≤ ≤ ≤

Different alphabet is used to indicate groups which have meaningful difference in level *p .05

※ ≤

of Duncan-test verification result (a>b>c>d).

. Conclusion

Ⅳ

The direct measurement was implemented for 348 women, 19 24 years of age, who reside in ∼ Beijing and Shanghai of China. Out of the total, 341 women with no abnormal numbers were taken as the sample of research.

This study investigated 46 items by indirect measures from June 23, 2004 to August 7, 2004. SPSS 13.0 Program was used. Frequency

analysis, factor analysis, ANOVA(t-test and F-test) and duncan's multiple test, etc were done.

1. The average of the early 20s Chinese women's stature is 160.0cm, waist circumference 66.4cm, hip circumference 89.8cm, weight 52.1kg.

A lower body measurement items of regional

early 20s Chinese women had difference in

height of hip bone ridge, thigh, ridge and circumference of waist, hip and thigh but in most items no meaningful difference appeared.

Shanghai women had higher in categories related to height such as height of hip bone ridge, thigh, ridge where as Beijing women had higher size in breadth, thickness, circumference, index, calculation and other items. As a result, Beijing women appeared to have more obesity characteristic than Shanghai women.

2. The result of analysis about the early 20s Chinese women's lower body size which are total 62 items come to 6 factors. Factor 1 is obesity of the lower body and horizontal size, factor 2 is the lower body's vertical size, factor 3 is waist breadth circumference, factor 4 is hip ․ sides shape, factor 5 is hip circumference․

breadth, factor 6 is waist sides shape.

3. The group of women who live in Beijing shows higher number than the Shanghai group's women in factor 1 ' the lower body's obesity and horizontal size' which means the Beijing group women's lower body circumference and breadth is bigger and fatter

4. For the grouping of the early 20s Chinese women's lower body shape, it has been selected by Drop value(hip circumference-waist circumference).

The subjects of type Ⅰ (drops 18.90~21.50cm) is most likely to be obesity of the lower body and is mostly flat body shape, The subjects of type Ⅱ (drops 21.60~25.80cm) is the middle in all parts and has the average body shape, The subjects of type Ⅲ (25.90~33.50cm) shows the most smallest figure in horizontal size and Röhrer's index but shows the most biggest figure in height and length area. Compare to the

other types, type 3 has bigger size in waist and hip, and taller and slimmer.

Proposal for research and succeeding research by the result of the present study.

1. A sample of lower body measurement of the present study is measurement of 348 adult women in early 20s who live in China; Beijing and Shanghai and analysis of body measurement and clothing size standard of pants is based on 341 people, therefore should be cautious about a broad interpretation on result of the previous study.

2. The grouping of lower half body figure of present study is done by adult women in early 20s who live in Beijing and Shanghai. Therefore, succeeding research should be more systematic and subdivision of figure classification in other ages should be done based on a vast range of data in entire region of China.

References

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chinatech.or.kr/news/today

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pds/pds-list.php.

3) (2005, January 24), International textile newspaper , No. 561, p. 7.

4) (2005. January 10), International textile newspaper , No. 559, P. 15.

5) Junghee Park - Jungmin Hong (2003),

"Classification of lower half body figure of

University students; women in twenties",

Korean Clothing Industry Memoir Korea

Industry standard, 5(2), p.159.

6) Young-ju, Park Ok-Ryun Park Jung-Ok, Lee ․ ․ (1997), "The recognition and Somatotype Analysis Study of Women in 20s' Lower Part of the Bod for Slacks Pattern", Journal of the Korea Society of Clothing and Textiles , 21(2), pp.368~382.

7) International Organization for Standardization, Garment Construction and Anthropometric surveys-Body dimensions, ISO 8559(E).

8) Korea Industry standard (1999), "Human body measurement for clothing design", KS A 7003, Korea Standard Association.

8) National Standard of People`s Republic of China, GB/T 1335.2-1997

9) Lee, Jin Kyung(1995), Reserch for the Slacks and Lower Sizing System for Lower Garments According to Lower Body Types of Middle-Aged Women,

Received 8 May 2006, Accepted 14 July 2006.