A New Species of Asarum: A. yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S. So

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A New Species of Asarum: A. yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S. So Soonku So, Yong Hwang, Chung-Hee Lee

¹

and Muyeol Kim*

Division of Biological Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea

1

National Arboretum, Pocheon 487-821, Korea (Received 10 November 2010 : Accepted 7 December 2010)

족도리풀속의 1신종 :

연변족도리풀(Asarum yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S. So)

소순구·황 용·이정희¹·김무열*

전북대학교 자연과학대학 생물과학부,

¹

국립수목원

ABSTRACT: A new species, Asarum yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S. So, is named and described from Mt. Baekdu in Korea. This new species is distinctly different from the related species A. mandshuricum (Maxim.) M. Kim &

S. So according to the purple band at the base of the calyx lobes and the thick calyx lobes. In addition, Asarum sieboldii var. viridiluteolum Y. Lee is closely related to A. yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S. So due to its reflexed calyx lobes; however, this variety has green calyx lobes and pubescent petioles. Therefore its scientific name was changed to Asarum yeonbyeonense var. viridiluteolum (Y. Lee) M. Kim & S. So, and its Korean name should be changed into Nokyeonbyeon-Jokdoripul.

Keywords: Asarum yeonbyeonense, A. yeonbyeonense var. viridiluteolum, Aristolochiaceae, new species

적 요: 백두산 주변에서 족도리풀속의 1신종인 연변족도리풀(Asarum yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S. So)을 새로이 발견하여 기재하였다. 연변족도리풀은 엽병에 털이 있고 꽃받침 열편이 뒤로 젖혀져 서울족도리풀이나 만주족도리풀과 매우 유사하나, 꽃받침 열편이 두꺼우며 기부에 자색띠가 있어 뚜렷이 구별된다. 황록족도리풀 (A. sieboldii var. viridiluteolum Y. Lee) 은 연변족도리풀과 아주 유사하나, 꽃받침 열편이 녹색이고 엽병에 털이 없어 학명은 A. yeonbyeonense var. viridiluteolum (Y. Lee) M. Kim & S. So로, 한글명은 녹연변족도리풀로 변 경하였다.

주요어: 연변족도리풀, 녹연변족도리풀, 쥐방울덩굴과, 신종

About 70−90 species of Asarum L. occurs in temperate and warm temperate regions of the Northen Hemisphere (Huber, 1993). Three species and seven forma including Asarum sieboldii Miq. have been reported from Korea (So and Kim, 2008).

Asarum L. is distinguished from the other genera within the family by 2 foliage leaves, 2-cataphylls, and a fleshy or spongy capsule (Kelly, 1997).

Based on a study of morphology on Asarum, several new taxa were recently found out in Korea and described by many authors (Yamaki et al., 1996; Yook and Kim, 1996; Oh, 1997).

In a morphological and molecular systematical studies on 6

species and 4 varieties from the genus Asarum (Aristolochiaceae) in Korea, the genus Asarum in Korea is classified into 3 species and 7 forma (So, 2008).

A new taxon of Asarum is named and described from Mt.

Baekdu in Korea. The new species, Asarum yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S. So. is distinctly different from the related species A. mandshuricum (Maxim.) M. Kim & S. So by purple-colored band at the base of calyx lobes and thick calyx lobes.

Materials and Methods

Living materials of a new species of Asarum and its related

*Author for correspondence: [email protected]

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species were collected from the area of Mt. Baekdu (Table 1).

The voucher specimens were deposited in JNU. Twenty five diagnostic characters from the twenty individuals of each species studied were measured to test relationships among species (Table 2).

Results and Discussion

1. Morphological study

Morphological characters of Asarum yeonbyeonense M. Kim &

S. So and its related species were compared in Table 2.

Leaf: The leaf lamina of Asarum yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S.

So have similar characteristics with A. sieboldii var. viridiluteolum Y. Lee. The former have a pubescent petioles, but the latter have a glabrous petioles.

Flowers: Asarum yeonbyeonense shares some similarities with A. sieboldii var. viridiluteolum including slightly reflexed calyx lobes and purple-colored band at the base of calyx lobes.

The former has purple-colored calyx lobes, but the latter has green-colored calyx lobes. Asarum yeonbyeonense and A. sieboldii

Table 2. Qualitative and quantitative characters of Asarum yeonbyeonense and its related species.

Taxa

Characters Asarum yeonbyeonense A. patens A. manshuricum

for. seoulense

Leaf length

^*

65 (70 ± 6) 81 28 (39 ± 9) 51 44 (76 ± 20) 100

width

^**

92 (104 ± 8) 115 35 (51 ± 14) 72 89 (123 ± 32) 171

color green green green

variegation none none none

petiole length 152 (163 ± 11) 185 56 (83 ± 20) 102 124 (168 ± 25) 203

Leaf trichome adaxial surface a few a few many

adaxial vein many many many

abaxial surface many many many

abaxial vein many many many

petiole many none many

Flower calyx lobe curvature state recurved not recurved, nearly flat recurved

calyx lobe color (inside) purple purple purple

calyx lobe color (outside) yellowish green purple purple

calyx lobe length 10 (11 ± 1) 12 9 (11 ± 2) 13 10 (11 ± 1) 14

calyx lobe width 11 (12 ± 1) 13 10 (11 ± 2) 14 10 (12 ± 2) 15

calyx tube length 10 (14 ± 2) 15 7 (8 ± 2) 10 10 (13 ± 2) 16

calyx tube diameter 16 (16 ± 0) 17 10 (11 ± 1) 13 12 (14 ± 2) 16

peduncle length 26 (39 ± 12) 55 25 (33 ± 8) 41 16 (36 ± 19) 53

stylar protuberance length 1.5 (1.7 ± 0.3) 2 1.3 (1.8 ± 0.4) 2.4 1.5 (1.7 ± 0.2) 2.0

style length 2 2.7 2.9

style color purple purple purple

anther length 1 1.3 1.6

anther color yellow yellow yellow

filament length 1 0.9 1.6

filament color purple purple purple

*unit is mm

**Minimum (mean±SD) maximum

Table 1. Collection data of Asarum yeonbyeonense and its related species.

Taxa Localities

A. yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S. So

( 연변족도리풀)

M. Kim 10001

(May 20, 2010 Mt. Baekdu) A. sieboldii var. viridiluteolum Y. Lee

( 황록족도리풀)

M. Kim 10002

(May 20, 2010 Mt. Baekdu) M. Kim 10003

(May 20, 2010 Mt. Baekdu)

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var. viridiluteolum have a more thick calyx lobes than those of A. mandshuricum (Maxim.) M. Kim & S. So.

Fruit: Asarum yeonbyeonense and A. sieboldii var. viridiluteolum have a fleshy or spongy capsule, and its fruits are matured on June to July.

2. Taxonomical study

1) Asarum yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S. So, sp. nov. Fig. 1 & 2 Korean name: Yeonbyeon-Jokdoripul 연변족도리풀

Herba. perennes. Folia binatus; petiolus 15.2 −18.5 cm longus, pubescens; lamina cordiformis, 6.5 −8.1 cm longa, 9.2−11.5 cm lata. Flos Maium florens. Peduncli 2.6−5.5 cm. Calycis purpureus, tubus urceole; lobi 3, 1.0−1.2 cm longi, 1.1−1.3 cm lati, purpureus fasciatus ad basim. Stamina 12. anthera flavidus. Pistili 6, styli 2 −fissura. Fructus spongiosus capsula.

Herbs perennial. Rhizomes horizontal. Leaves paired; petiole 15.2 −18.5 cm, pubescent; leaf blade green colored, cordate, 6.5 −8.1 × 9.2−11.5 cm, abaxial surface pubescent, adaxial surface

Fig. 1. Holotype of Asarum yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S. So.

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Fig. 2. Asarum yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S. So. A, adult plant (Because it is a early stage after flowering, it has not a reflexed calyx lobes.);

B & C, flower; D, internal view of flower. Scale bars 1 cm.

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pubescent. Peduncle 2.6 −5.5 cm. Calyx purple, urceolate, 1.0−

1.5 × 1.6 −1.7 cm; lobes slightly reflexed, triangular-ovate, 1.0−

1.2 × 1.1−1.3 cm, purple-band at base. Stamens 12; anthers yellow.

Pistils 6, purple; style 2-cleft. Fruit spongy capsule.

다년생 초본이다. 지하경은 마디가 많으며, 냄새가 난다.

잎은 2장이며 근생엽만 있다. 엽신은 심장형이고 녹색이며 윤채가 없고 엽연은 전연이다. 엽신의 길이는 6.5−(7.0)−

8.1 cm, 너비는 9.2−(10.4)−11.5 cm이며, 표면과 이면에 털 이 있다. 엽병은 15.2−(16.3)−18.5 cm로 길고, 털이 많다. 꽃 은 4−5월에 자주색으로 1개가 피며, 화경의 길이는 2.6−

(3.9)−5.5 cm이다. 꽃받침은 3개의 열편으로 갈라지며 자 주색이고 가장자리는 평평하다. 꽃받침 열편은 삼각상 난 형으로 기부에 흑자색 링모양의 테가 있으며, 열편의 길 이는 1.0−(1.1)−1.2 cm이고 너비는 1.1−(1.2)−1.3 cm이다.

꽃받침 통은 반구형으로 통부의 길이는 1.0−(1.4)−1.5 cm 이고 직경은 1.6−(1.6)−1.7 cm이다. 암술은 6개이고, 화주 길이는 2 mm이며 자주색이다. 화주돌기는 2 mm이며 자 주색이다. 수술은 12개가 2열로 배열하며 외향약이다. 약 은 노란색이고 길이는 1 mm이며, 약격은 연한 자주색이 다. 화사는 자주색이며 길이는 1 mm이다. 과실은 육질의 불규칙한 삭과이며, 8−9월에 성숙한다. 종자는 갈색이고 날개가 없으며 수가 많다.

Type Locality: Mt. Baekdu

Holotype: M. Kim 10001. May 20. 2010. Herbarium of Chonbuk National University (JNU). Mt. Baekdu.

Flowering: May Distribution: Mt. Baekdu

Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from type locality name, Yeonbyeon containing the Mt. Baekdu.

Habitats: Mt. Baekdu is a most highest mountain among the Korean Peninsular, and has the most natural vegetation and deciduous broad-leaved and pine forest composing with Larix gmelinii var. olgensis, Betula pendula, Picea koraiensis etc.

The natural habitats of Asarum yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S.

So were discovered at stream side in the north-eastern part of Mt. Baekdu. This species grow with dominant species Larix gmelinii var. olgensis in canopy layer, and in shruberry zone with Eleutherococcus senticosus, Viburnum wrightii, Berberis amurensis. Also it makes herbaceous zone with dominant species: Jeffersonia dubia, Caltha palustris, Smilacina japonica.

Remark: This species was firstly discovered at Mt. Baekdu.

This new species is distinctly different from the related species A. mandshuricum (Maxim.) M. Kim & S. So by purple-colored band at the base of calyx lobes and thick calyx lobes. Also this new species is closely related with A. patens with a more thick calyx lobes and purple calyx colors, it is distinguishing from the A. patens by having a reflexed calyx lobes. Thus, the

authors described this species as a new taxon, Asarum yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S. So.

2) Asarum yeonbyeonense var. viridiluteolum (Y. Lee) M.

Kim & S. So, comb. nov. Fig. 3

A. sieboldii var. viridiluteolum Y. Lee, Korea Pl. Res. 5: 10 (2005)

Korean name: Nok-Yeonbyeon-Jokdoripul 녹연변족도리풀 황록족도리풀(Lee et al., 2005)

Herbs perennial. Rhizomes horizontal. Leaves paired; petiole 12.2−19.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade green colored, cordate, 4.3−

7.4 × 7.1 −11.7 cm, abaxial surface pubescent, adaxial surface pubescent. Peduncle 1.6 −5.3 cm. Calyx green, urceolate, 1.2−

1.4 × 1.4−1.6 cm; lobes slightly reflexed, triangular-ovate, 0.9−

1.0 × 1.0−1.3 cm, purple-band at base. Stamens 12; anthers yellow.

Pistils 6, purple; style 2-cleft. Fruit spongy capsule.

다년생 초본이다. 지하경은 마디가 많으며, 냄새가 난다.

잎은 2장이며 근생엽만 있다. 엽신은 심장형이고 녹색이며 윤채가 없고 엽연은 전연이다. 엽신의 길이는 4.3−(5.9)−

7.4 cm, 너비는 7.1−(9.2)−11.7 cm이며, 표면과 이면에 털이 있다. 엽병은 12.2−(15.3)−19.5 cm로 길고, 털이 없다. 꽃은 4−5월에 자주색으로 1개가 피며, 화경의 길이는 1.6−(3.6)−

5.3 cm이다. 꽃받침은 3개의 열편으로 갈라지며 녹색이고 가장자리는 평평하다. 꽃받침 열편은 삼각상 난형으로 기 부에 자색 링모양의 테가 있으며, 열편의 길이는 0.9−(1.0)−

1.0 cm이고 너비는 1.0−(1.1)−1.3 cm이다. 꽃받침 통은 반 구형으로 통부의 길이는 1.2−(1.3)−1.4 cm이고 직경은 1.4−

(1.5) −1.6 cm이다. 암술은 6개이고, 화주길이는 2 mm이며 자주색이다. 화주돌기는 2 mm이며 자주색이다. 수술은 12개가 2열로 배열하며 외향약이다. 약은 노란색이고 길이 는 1 mm이며, 약격은 연한 자주색이다. 화사는 자주색이며 길이는 1 mm이다. 과실은 육질의 불규칙한 삭과이며, 8−9월 에 성숙한다. 종자는 갈색이고 날개가 없으며 수가 많다.

Flowering: May

Distribution: Korea, China.

Remark: Asarum sieboldii var. viridiluteolum Y. Lee was described by Y. Lee et al. (2005). But this variety is closely related with A. yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S. So, it is distinguishing from the A. sieboldii Miq. by having a reflexed calyx lobes.

Therefore its scientific name is changed into Asarum yeonbyeonense var. viridiluteolum (Y. Lee) M. Kim & S. So, and its Korean name should be changed into Nok-Yeonbyeon-Jokdoripul instead of Hwangnok-Jokdoripul.

Observed Specimens: Y. Lee & Y. Kim (May 19, 2005 Mt.

Baekdu), M. Kim 10002, 10003 (May 20, 2010 Mt. Baekdu)

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Fig. 3. Asarum yeonbyeonense var. viridiluteolum (Y. Lee) M. Kim & S. So. A, B, adult plant & flower; C, petiole; D, internal view of

flower. Scale bars 1 cm for A-C, 0.1 cm for D.

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Key to Asarum yeonbyeonense and its related taxa.

1. Calyx lobes spreading. Leaf size 3−5 × 4−6.5 cm.

··· A. patens 금오족도리풀 1. Calyx lobes reflexed. Leaf size 5.5 −10 × 9−12 cm.

2. Calyx lobes purple-banded at base.

3. Calyx lobe purple. Petiole pubescent. ···

··· A. yeonbyeonense 연변족도리풀 3. Calyx lobe green. Petiole glabrous. ···

·· A. yeonbyeonense var. viridiluteolum 녹연변족도리풀 2. Calyx lobes white-banded at base.

4. Calyx lobe length 10−14 mm ···

··· A. mandshuricum for. seoulense 서울족도리풀 4. Calyx lobe length 7 −9 mm. ···

···· A. mandshuricum for. mandshuricum 만주족도리풀

This new species, Asarum yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S. So, shares some similarities with the related species A. mandshuricum (Maxim.) M. Kim & S. So including slightly reflexed calyx lobes. But it is distinctly different from the A. mandshuricum in calyx lobe color at base and thickness of calyx lobe. Though A. mandshuricum has the calyx lobes with white band at base, this new species has the calyx lobes with purple band at base.

Also the latter has more thick calyx lobes. Therefore the authors described this taxon as a new taxon of the Asarum.

Also Asarum sieboldii var. viridiluteolum Y. Lee is closely related with A. yeonbyeonense M. Kim & S. So, it is distinguishing from the A. sieboldii Miq. by having a reflexed calyx lobes.

Therefore its scientific name was changed into Asarum yeonbyeonense var. viridiluteolum (Y. Lee) M. Kim & S. So, and its Korean name should be changed into Nok-Yeonbyeon- Jokdoripul instead of Hwangnok-Jokdoripul.

Acknowledgement

We are deeply indebted to Mr. Dogeun Lee for his kindly help and professor Ki-Ryong Park in Kyung-Nam University for his taxonomical review.

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