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Production of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV, RGNNV genotype)

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한수지 51(3), 328-331, 2018

328

Copyright © 2018 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 51(3),328-331,2018

Note

서 론

바이러스성신경괴사증(viral nervous necrosis, VNN) 세계적으로 50이상의어류에서발생하는질병으로보고되 있다(OIE, 2017). VNN주로자어나치어에발생하지만 능성어(Epinephelus septemfasciatus), 대서양가자미(Hippo- glossus hippoglossus), 유럽농어(Dicentrarchus labrax)에서는 성어에서도발생하여대량폐사를유발한다(OIE, 2017). 병어 신경세포의이상으로인한이상유영(힘없이유영하거나 등의비정상적인유영행동)나타나며, 병리조직학적으로 척수, 척수신경절, 망막의신경조직에공포변성이나타난 (Egusa et al., 2006; OIE, 2017).

VNN원인병원체인신경괴사증바이러스(nervous necro- sis virus, NNV)외막이없는 20면체의 RNA 바이러스로 (크기, 30 nm) 노다바이러스과(Nodaviridae) 베타노다바

이러스속(Betanodavirus)속한다(Schneemann et al., 2005).

NNV 5개의유전자형[striped jack NNV (SJNNV) type, tiger puffer NNV (TPNNV) type, barfin flounder NNV (BF- NNV) type, red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) type tur- bot NNV (TNV) type]으로구분되는데(Johansen et al., 2004;

Nishizawa et al., 1997), 국내에서검출되는 NNV RGNNV type, SJNNV type BFNNV type속한다고보고되어있다 (Cha et al., 2007; Gomez et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2017; Nam et al., 2017; Won et al., 2017). 국내에서보고되 NNV대부분은 RGNNV genotype속하며, 다양한 류의양식어류뿐만아니라패류와자연산어류에서검출된다. NNV 검사하는방법으로는 어류주화세포를이용한분리 배양법, 유전자를이용한분자생물학적방법[reverse transcrip- tase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real time PCR), 체를이용한면역학적인방법(enzyme-linked immunosorbent

신경괴사증바이러스(nervous necrosis virus, RGNNV genotype)에 대한 단클론 항체 생산

김위식·김시우·오명주*

전남대학교 수산생명의학과

Production of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV, RGNNV genotype)

Wi-Sik Kim, Si-Woo Kim and Myung-Joo Oh*

Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea

We developed and subsequently characterized mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against nervous necro sis virus (NNV, RGNNV genotype). We established six hybridoma clones secreting MAbs against NNV antigen: 2B1, 2B11, 2C12, 13C1-1, 13C1-2 and 14D11. All six MAbs belonged to the IgG2a isotype with a kappa light chain and their reactivity recognized against the 41 kDa coat protein of NNV by Western blot analysis. The affinity constants of the six MAbs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All six MAbs reacted with two NNV isolates (SgNag05 and Gemunodo06), while no reactivity was observed with five know fish viruses, namely marine birnavirus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, hirame rhabdovirus, and infec- tious hematopoietic necrosis virus. Moreover, high ELISA optical density (OD) values (0.87-1.42) were observed in the brain tissues of NNV-infected sevenband grouper, while low OD values (less than 0.12) were recorded in the brain tissues of uninfected fish. These results suggest that these six MAbs are highly competent and useful for the detection of NNV with the RGNNV genotype.

Key words: Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), RGNNV genotype, Monoclonal antibody

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

https://doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2018.0328 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 51(3) 328-331, June 2018

Received 15 May 2018; Revised 8 June 2018; Accepted 14 June 2018

*Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 61. 659. 3173 $ Fax: +82. 61. 659. 3173 E-mail address: ohmj@jnu.ac.kr

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NNV에 대한 MAb 생산 329

assay (ELISA)] 등이사용되고있다(OIE, 2017). 이들검사방 , RT-PCR분리배양법은 국내에서 NNV 검출하거 분리하는데주로사용되고있다. 그러나면역학적인방법은

NNV대한특이항체가보급되어있지않아사용되지않고

있다. 연구에서는양식현장에서신속한진단에용이하게 용될있는면역학적진단법의개선과보급을위한목적으로 NNV대한단클론항체(monoclonal antibody, MAb)제작 항체의특성을평가하였다.

재료 및 방법

연구에서는 붉바리(Epinephelus akaara)로부터 분리한 SgNag05 분리주(RGNNV genotype) 실험용 바이러스로 사용하였다(Oh et al., 2012). NNV배양과정제는 Gye and Nishizawa (2016) Gye et al. (2018)방법에따라실시하였 . NNV SSN-1 세포에접종하여배양한 4℃에서 12,000 rpm으로 20분간원심분리하여 배양액내의 세포잔유물질을 제거한상층의부유액을 채취하였다. 채취된상층액은 106 분획분자량의 biotech cellulose ester membrane들어있는 투석튜브(Spectrum Laboratories, USA)사용하여 15 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) 10일간투석한, Hi-trap Q column 이용한이온교환크로마토그래피(GE Healthcare, USA) 속단백질액체크로마토그래피(ÄKTAprime plus system, GE Healthcare, USA)사용하여 NNV 정제를실시하였다. NNV 투석액을 column넣고 15 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0)들어있 500, 600, 700, 1000 mM NaCl 용액을사용하여 1 mL 추출한, 700 mM NaCl 추출물을사용하여 centrifugal ultrafiltration (104분획분자량, Vivaspin, Sartorius, Germany) 으로농축하였다.

NNV대한 MAb Gye et al. (2018)방법에따라제작 하였다. 정제된 NNV ( 20 μg) complete Freund’s adjuvant (Gibco, USA)동량으로섞어 BALB/c 마우스의복강에 1 접종한, 정제된 NNV ( 20 μg)사용하여 7간격으로 2 접종하였다. 최종면역 3일째, 마우스로부터비장을분리 polyethylene glycol (Roche, Germany)사용하여 my- eloma 세포(SP2/0-Ag14) 융합시킨 fetal bovine serum 10% 첨가된 hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) 배지로 suspension 시킨 96 well plate분주하여 37℃ 설정된 CO2배양기에서배양하였다. 양성 hybridoma정제 NNV사용하여 ELISA선별하였고 3이상제한희석 법으로클로닝하였다. ELISA정제된바이러스액을 96 well plate 50 μL (200 ng/well) 분주하여 4℃에서 overnight 뒷부분에설명된방법에따라실시하였다. 선별된 MAb isotyping pierce rapid ELISA mouse MAb isotyping kit (Thermo, USA)사용하여결정하였다.

연구에서 제작된 MAb 정제된 NNV, NNV (분리주, SgNag05 Gemunodo06)감염된 SSN-1 세포와정상 SSN-

1 세포를사용하여 Laemmli (1970) Towbin et al. (1979) 방법에따라 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel elec- trophoresis (SDS-PAGE) Western blot ting실시하였다. 제된 NNV 12% polyacrylamide gel loading 30 mA 에서 전기영동을하였다. 전기영동 종료 gel coomassie brilliant blue사용하여염색하였다. Western blot전기영동 NNV nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad, USA)옮긴 , 연구에서제작한 MAb (1항체) alkaline phospha- tase (AP)붙어있는 goat anti-mouse IgG (Sigma, USA, 2 항체)반응시키고 AP붙어있는 substrate kit (Bio-Rad, USA)사용하여발색하였다. 양성대조구로연구실에서 유하고있는 NNV 토끼항체를사용하였다.

제작된 MAb반응특이성을조사하기위해 RGNNV geno- type 속하는 2개의 NNV 분리주(SgNag05, 108.55 TCID50/ mL Gemunodo06, 108.3 TCID50/mL), 5종류의어류바이러 [바이러스성출혈성패혈증바이러스(viral hemorrhagic sep- ticemia virus, VHSV: 108.05 TCID50/mL), 넙치랩도바이러스 (hirame rhabdovirus, HIRRV: 108.3 TCID50/mL), 전염성조혈 기괴사증바이러스(infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, IHNV: 107.3 TCID50/mL), 전염성췌장괴사증바이러스(infec- tious pancreatic necrosis virus, IPNV: 109.55 TCID50/mL), 해양 버나바이러스(marine birnavirus, MABV: 109.3 TCID50/mL)], NNV(분리주: Yeosu08)감염된능성어의뇌조직마쇄액(3

개체, 108.55-8.8 TCID50/mL) 정상능성어의뇌조직마쇄액을

사용하여 Jeong et al. (2017)방법에따라 ELISA실시하였 . 바이러스배양액과뇌조직마쇄액을증류수로 320희석 하여 96 well ELISA microplates (Greiner bioone, Germany) 각각 50 μL분주한 37℃에서 overnight하여항원을 팅하였다. T-PBS [0.05% tween-20/PBS (v/v)] 3세정한 , 5% skim milk 380 μL분주하여 25℃에서 1시간동안 blocking하였다. 1항체로는연구에서제작한 MAb 50 μL분주하였으며, 2항체는 horseradish peroxidase (HRP) 표식되어있는 goat anti-mouse IgG serum (Youngin, Ko- rea) 5% skim milk 1,000희석하여 well 50 μL 주였다. ELISA 발색액(100 mM Na2HPO4, 50 mM citric acid, 1 mg/mL o-phenylenediamine, 0.03% H2O2) well 50 μL분주하여발색하였다. well 2 N H2SO4 50 μL 넣어발색반응을중지시킨 microplate photometer (Multi- skan, USA) 492 nm에서흡광도(optical density, OD)값을 측정하였다.

결과 및 고찰

연구에서는 RGNNV genotype 속하는 NNV 대한 MAb 생산하고자하였다. 정제한 NNV 사용하여 SDS- PAGE실시한결과, 41 kDa분자량이확인되었다(data not shown). 베타노다바이러스의캡시드는 42 kDa단일

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김위식김시우오명주 330

단백질로구성되어있어(Schneemann et al., 2005), 연구 에서정제된 NNV SDS-PAGE결과는기존에보고된결과 거의유사하였다.

정제된 NNV마우스에면역시킨마우스의비장조직과 myeloma 세포를융합시켜 hybridoma제작하였다. Hybrid- oma로부터생성되는항체를 ELISA법으로선별한, 제한 석법으로 3클로닝하여최종적으로 6개의 MAb선별하였 (2B1, 2B11, 2C12, 13C1-1, 13C1-2, 14D11). 6개의 MAb 정제된 NNV사용하여 Western blot실시한결과, 6 MAb 모두 NNV 구조단백질을(41 kDa) 인식하였다(Fig.

1). NNV (SgNag05 Gemunodo06)감염된 SSN-1 세포와 정상 SSN-1 세포에대한 MAb반응을조사한결과에서는 6 MAb 모두 NNV감염된 SSN-1 세포에서만 41 kDa에서 밴드가관찰되었다(data not shown). 이상의결과, 제작된 6 MAb Western blot에서 NNV특이적으로반응하는 확인되었다.

제작된 MAb특이도를조사하기위해 6종의어류바이러스,

NNV감염된능성어의뇌조직마쇄액정상뇌조직마쇄액

항원으로사용하여 ELISA실시하였다(Fig. 2, 3). 6종의 어류바이러스에대해서는 6개의 MAb 모두 NNV (SgNag05 Gemunodo06)강하게반응(OD, 0.88-1.42)하였고, 5종의 류바이러스(MABV, IPNV, VHSV, HIRRV, IHNV)에는반응 하지않았다(OD, 0.06 이하) (Fig. 2). 뇌조직마쇄액의경우, 6 개의 MAb 모두 NNV감염된뇌조직마쇄액에강하게반응 (OD, 0.87-1.42)하였고, 정상능성어의뇌조직마쇄액에는 응하지않았다(OD: 0.12 이하) (Fig. 3). 이상의결과, 제작된 6 개의 MAb ELISA에서 NNV특이적으로반응하는것이 확인되었다. 제작된 MAb isotyping분석한결과, 6 모두 H chain IgG2a, L chain kappa확인되었다(data not shown).

연구에서는 RGNNV genotype속하는 SgNag05 분리주 사용하여 MAb제작한결과, 6개의 MAb생산하였 . 6개의 MAb NNV구조단백질(41 kDa)인식하였고,

NNV NNV감염된뇌조직마쇄액에특이적으로반응하였 으며, SSN-1 세포, 5종의어류바이러스(MABV, IPNV, VHSV, HIRRV, IHNV) 정상능성어의뇌조직마쇄액에는반응하 않았다. 연구에서는 붉바리로부터분리한일본분리주 (SgNag05) 사용하여 MAb 제작하였으나 제작된 MAb SgNag05뿐만아니라 RGNNV genotype속하는국내 성어분리주(Gemunodo06 Yeosu08; Kim et al., 2012)에도 강하게반응하였다. 이상의결과, 제작된 MAb Western blot ELISA에서 RGNNV genotype속하는 NNV 분리주들을 Fig. 1. Western blot analysis using purified NNV and six mono-

clonal antibodies (MAbs). M, molecular marker; 1, anti-NNV polyclonal antibody (positive control); 2, 2% skim milk (negative control); 3, MAb 2B1; 4, MAb 2B11; 5, MAb 2C12; 6, 13C1-1; 7, 13C1-2; 8, 14D11. NNV, nervous necro sis virus.

M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

41 50

35 (kDa)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

NNV(S) NNV(G) MABV IPNV VHSV HIRRV IHNV

ELISA abosrbance (OD 492 nm)

Fish virus

2B1 2B11 2C12 13C1-1 13C1-2 14D11

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

2B1 2B11 2C12 13C1-1 13C1-2 14D11

ELISA abosrbance (OD 492 nm)

Monoclonal antibody

D1 D2 D3

C1 C2 C3

Fig. 2. ELISA analysis using six fish viruses (NNV, nervous necro- sis virus; MABV, marine birnavirus; IPNV, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus; VHSV, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus; HIRRV, hirame rhabdovirus; IHNV, infectious hematopoietic necrosis vi- rus) and six monoclonal antibodies (2B1, 2B11, 2C12, 13C1-1, 13C1-2 and 14D11). NNV (S), NNV SgNag05 isolate; NNV (G), NNV Gemunodo06 isolate.

M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

41 50

35 (kDa)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

NNV(S) NNV(G) MABV IPNV VHSV HIRRV IHNV

ELISA abosrbance (OD 492 nm)

Fish virus

2B1 2B11 2C12 13C1-1 13C1-2 14D11

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

2B1 2B11 2C12 13C1-1 13C1-2 14D11

ELISA abosrbance (OD 492 nm)

Monoclonal antibody

D1 D2 D3

C1 C2 C3

Fig. 3. ELISA analysis using brain tissues of NNV-infected sev- enband grouper (D1, 108.55 TCID50/mL; D2, 108.55 TCID50/mL; D3, 108.8 TCID50/mL) and uninfected sevenband grouper (C1, C2 and C3) and six monoclonal antibodies (2B1, 2B11, 2C12, 13C1-1, 13C1-2 and 14D11).

M 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

41 50

35 (kDa)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

NNV(S) NNV(G) MABV IPNV VHSV HIRRV IHNV

ELISA abosrbance (OD 492 nm)

Fish virus

2B1 2B11 2C12 13C1-1 13C1-2 14D11

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

2B1 2B11 2C12 13C1-1 13C1-2 14D11

ELISA abosrbance (OD 492 nm)

Monoclonal antibody

D1 D2 D3

C1 C2 C3

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NNV에 대한 MAb 생산 331

검출하는데유용하게사용될있을것으로사료된다. NNV 3개의혈청형(serotype)으로구분된다(OIE, 2017). A형에 SJNNV genotype NNV, B형에는 TPNNV genotype NNV, C형에는 BFNNV RGNNV genotype NNV속한 . 따라서향후연구로서연구에서제작된 MAb사용하 serotype다른 NNV 분리주에대한반응을조사해야 것이다.

사 사

연구는 2017해양수산부재원으로해양수산과학기술진

흥원의지원을받아수행되었습니다(수산동물바이러스전염 진단용항체생산).

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Fig. 3. ELISA analysis using brain tissues of NNV-infected sev- sev-enband grouper (D1, 10 8.55  TCID 50 /mL; D2, 10 8.55  TCID 50 /mL; D3,  10 8.8  TCID 50 /mL) and uninfected sevenband grouper (C1, C2 and  C3)  and  six  monoclonal  antibodies  (2B1,  2B

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