Community Composition and Distribution of Fish Species Collected by Bottom Trawl from the Middle of the Yellow Sea in Summer (2008-2014)

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한수지 49(6), 849-855, 2016

849 Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(6),849-855,2016

Original Article

서 론

황해는한반도와중국으로둘러싸여있고동중국해와지형적 인경계는없으나일반적으로제주도와양자강을연결하는선

을경계로구분되는평균수심약

44 m

의넓은대륙붕으로이

루이진반폐쇄성해역이다

.

황해중앙부에는수심

70-80 m

의 깊은해저골짜기

(Sea trough)

가있으며

, 10˚C

이하의수온과

32.0-33.5 psu

의범위인황해저층냉수가연중분포하는특징을

가지고있다

(Nakao, 1977; Lie, 1984; Youn et al.,1991; Jang et al., 2011).

또한

NOAA

가구분한전세계

64

개광역해양생 태계

(LME: Large Marine Ecosystem)

중하나이기도하며수

산자원의어획량이 전해양의약

5%

정도를차지한다

(FAO,

2009).

하지만최근중국의산둥성및발해만의개발과산업단

지의조성으로인해해양환경사고와해양환경오염이빈번하

게발생하고있으며중국어선들의남획으로인하여수산생물 자원이급격한감소가보고되고있어자원관리를위해서는다 양한분야에서종합적인연구가필요하다

(Joo, 2006; Im et al, 2009; Lee, 2014).

지금까지황해에서식하는어류를대상으로수행된종조성및 군집구조에대한연구중우리나라의경우대부분이

EEZ

내에 서수행되어한국과중국사이황해중부의어업자원에대한연 구는매우부족한실정이다

(Kim et al., 1999; Yeon et al., 2004;

Joo, 2006; Im, 2007; Im et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2011).

^또한^중 국의경우대부분

1

년단위의짧은기간동안

4

계절변화에대 한연구가보고되었다

(Jin and Tang, 1996; Chen et al., 1997;

Jin et al., 2003; Xu and Jin, 2005).

그러나

,

단기간의연구결과 로는해당해역의해양환경및자원의변동을파악하기에어려 움이있으므로본연구는

7

^년간^{황해중앙부에서}^하계에^서식하

황해중앙부에서 저층트롤에 의해 어획된 하계의 어류 종조성 및 분포특성 (2008-2014)

고은혜·주형운·이동우

¹

·차형기·최정화

²

*

국립수산과학원 연근해자원과, ¹국립수산과학원 기반연구부, ²국립수산과학원 남동해수산연구소

Community Composition and Distribution of Fish Species Collected by Bottom Trawl from the Middle of the Yellow Sea in Summer (2008–2014)

Eun Hye Koh, Hyeong Woon Joo, Dong Woo Lee

¹

, Hyung Kee Cha and Jung Hwa Choi

²

*

Coastal Water Fisheries Resources Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea

1

Fundamental Research Department, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea

2

Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Korea

The community composition and distribution of fish species in the middle of the Yellow Sea were investigated in summer from 2008 to 2014. A total of 72 demersal fish species from 46 families and 17 orders were collected. The most common species were Larimichthys polyactis , Engraulis japonicus , and Chaeturichthys hexane , which account- ed for 72.0% of the total number of individuals while Liparis tanakai , Larimichthys polyactis , and Lophius litulon accounted for 67.8% of the total biomass. A cluster analysis based on the Bray-Curtis similarity revealed that the fish community fell into three groups, according to latitude. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and correlation analy- sis showed that variation in bottom water temperature could act as an indicator of variation in community structure and abundance of the dominant species. Characteristics of fish communities, such as the number of species, the total number of individuals (/km

²

), and biomass (/km

²

), were highly correlated with bottom water temperature and depth.

Key words: Middle of the Yellow Sea, Bottom trawl, Species composition

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2016.0849 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(6) 849-855, December 2016

Received 1 November 2016; Revised 10 December 2016; Accepted 13 December 2016

*Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 55. 640. 4720 Fax: +82. 55. 641. 4774

E-mail address: [email protected]

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고은혜

ㆍ

주형운

ㆍ

이동우

ㆍ

차형기

ㆍ

최정화

850

는어류의분포특성을파악하였으며나아가

,

^수산^자원의^장기 변동성을이해하고자한다

.

재료 및 방법

본연구는

2008

년부터

2014

년까지하계인

7-8

월에황해중앙

해역을따라남북방향으로 정점별약

30 km

인

10

개의정점

(32.25°, 123.25°-36.75°, 124.75°)

을설정하고년

1

회씩총

7

회 트롤조사를실시하였다

(Fig. 1).

조사에는국립수산과학원시 험조사선탐구

20

^호

(885

^톤

)

^의^트롤^어구

(cod end, 20 mm)

^를 사용하였고

,

예망은선속평균

3.3 knot

로

60

분을기준으로하 였으나

,

해저의상태에따라시간을조정

(30-60

분

)

하였다

.

채집된생물중어류만을선별하여분석시료로사용하였고

, Nakabo (2013)

와

Kim et al. (2005)

에따라종을동정한후

,

개 체수와생체량

(

^습중량

, 1 g)

^을^{기록하였다}

.

트롤에의해채집된어류의출현량과서식환경의관계를파악 하기위해

CTD (Sea-bird 911plus)

를이용하여정점별수심과 저층수온및염분

(

바닥에서

5 m

층

)

을측정하였다

(

각정점별평 균

,

표준편차로나타냈다

.).

분석에사용된자료는소해면적법에따라단위면적당

(km

²

)

개체수및생체량으로환산하였으며어획효율

q

값은

0.5 (Pra- do, 1990)

를적용하였다

.

이때출현량은연도별채집된모든값 을합산하여계산하였다

.

정점별 종 다양성을 파악하기 위하여

,

종 다양도지수

(H′, Shannon and Wiener, 1963)

^를^구하였다

.

^정점별^출현종의^분 포 양상을파악하기 위하여출현 종수와개체수를 바탕으로

Bray-Curtis

유사도지수를구하고

group-average

방법을이 용하여 군집분석

(Cluster analysis)

을 실시하였으며

,

구분된 그룹간의차이를유발하는종과기여하는종을알아보기위해

SIMPER

^분석

(Clarke and Warwick, 2001)

^을^{실시하였다}

.

^또 한어류의군집구조와해양환경요인과의관계를분석하기위 하여주성분분석

(Principal Component Analysis, PCA)

을실 시하고추출된

Principal Score

값과해양환경요인과의상관분 석

(Correlation analysis)

을통해군집구조변동의요인을파악 하였으며

,

^출현종수^및^출현량

(

^개체수

,

^생체량

)

^과^{환경요인과}

의상관성을알아보기위하여

Pearson

상관분석을실시하였다

.

분석에사용된모든자료는우점종의

bias

를줄이기위하여로

그변환

[log10(x+1)]

을수행하였고

,

소수로 채집된비우점종 은오류를증가시킬확률이높기때문에분석에서제외시켜전 체의

98.7%

^를^차지하는^상위

13

^종을^{이용하였다}

.

^자료^분석에 는

PRIMER 5.0 (PRIMER-E, Plymouth, UK)

과

SPSS 20.0 (IBM Corp, USA)

프로그램을사용하였다

.

결 과

조사해역의정점별수심은

47-73 m

범위로평균수심이

62 m

로위도상남쪽정점으로갈수록수심이낮아지는해저지형의 형태였다

.

저층수온의범위는

7.8-15.4℃

로수심과반대로위 도상남쪽정점으로갈수록증가하는경향을나타내었으며

,

^저 층염분의범위는

31.9-33.4 psu

로나타났다

(Table 1).

조사기간동안출현한어류는

17

목

, 46

과

, 72

종으로분류군별 로농어목

(Perciformes)

어류가

15

과

24

종

,

쏨뱅이목

(Scorpae- niformes) 7

과

13

종

,

가자미목

(Pleuronectiformes) 4

과

11

종

,

뱀 장어목

(Anguilliformes) 4

^과

4

^종

,

^청어목

(Clupeiformes) 2

^과

4

종

,

대구목

(Gadiformes)

과복어목

(Tetraodontiformes)

이

2

과

2

종씩

,

홍메치목

(Aulopiformes)

과아귀목

(Lophiiformes)

이

1

과

2

종씩

,

그외금눈돔목

(Beryciformes),

샛비늘치목

(Myctophi- formes),

큰가시고기목

(Gasterosteiformes),

첨치목

(Ophidi- iformes),

^홍어목

(Rajiformes),

^{돔발상어목}

(Squaliformes),

^앨 퉁이목

(Stomiformes),

달고기목

(Zeiformes)

은

1

과

1

종씩출현

32ºN 34ºN 36ºN 38ºN 40ºN

120°E 122°E 124°E 126°E 128°E 130°E

China

Korea

St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 4 St. 5 St. 6 St. 7 St. 8 St. 9 St. 10

-4 -2 0 2 4

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

Principle component 1

Pr in cipl e co m po ne nt 2

St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 4 St. 5 St. 6 St. 7

St. 8 St. 9

St. 10 32ºN

34ºN 36ºN 38ºN 40ºN

120°E 122°E 124°E 126°E 128°E 130°E

China

Korea

Group AGroup B Group C

St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 4 St. 5 St. 6 St. 7

St. 8 St. 9

St. 10

Similarity

50 60 70 80 90 100

0 200 400 600 800

N o. of in ds . (1 ,00 0 in ds ./km

2

)

0 2 4 6 8 10

Bi omass (t on //km

2

)

0 10 20 30 40 50

N o. of s pe ci es

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Station

D iv er si ty ind ex (H ')

(A)

(C) (B)

(D)

Fig. 1. Location of sampling site in the middle of the Yellow Sea from 2008 to 2014.

Table 1. Mean (±SD) environmental values of depth, bottom temperature and salinity by sampling stations in the middle of the Yel- low Sea from 2008 to 2014

Station Depth (m) Temperature (℃) Salinity (psu) St. 1 73 (±3) 7.8 (±0.75) 32.5 (±0.34) St. 2 73 (±4) 8.7 (±1.21) 33.1 (±0.55) St. 3 67 (±3) 8.9 (±0.85) 33.1 (±0.30) St. 4 68 (±4) 9.3 (±0.82) 33.2 (±0.26) St. 5 72 (±4) 10.0 (±0.55) 33.2 (±0.52) St. 6 66 (±3) 9.9 (±1.16) 33.3 (±0.35) St. 7 58 (±3) 10.3 (±1.29) 33.4 (±0.41) St. 8 55 (±2) 10.8 (±1.24) 33.3 (±0.38) St. 9 41 (±4) 13.7 (±1.25) 32.3 (±0.37) St.10 43 (±4) 15.4 (±2.01) 31.9 (±0.60)

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황해중앙부 어류의 종조성 및 분포특성

851

하였다

.

채집된 어류의 단위면적당 개체수는 참조기

(Larimichthys polyactis)

^가^전체의^채집^개체수의

28.6%

를차지하여가장많 았고

,

다음으로 멸치

(Engraulis japonicus)

가

28.5%,

도화망 둑

(Chaeturichthys hexanema)

^이

15.0%

순으로나타났다

.

그 외꼼치

(Liparis tanakai)

^와^풀미역치

(Erisphex pottii)

^는 ^각각

8.0%, 5.4%

로상위

5

종이전체의채집개체수의

85.5%

를차

지하였다

.

^{단위면적당}^생체량은^꼼치가

43.1%

^를^차지하여^가 장 많았고

,

다음으로 참조기

13.4%,

황아귀

(Lophius litulon) 11.2%

순으로나타났다

.

그외멸치와대구

(Gadus macroceph- alus)

는각각

8.1%, 5.2%

로상위

5

종이전체의

81.1%

를차지 하였다

.

단위면적당개체수의변화를살펴보면

St. 1

^에서^약

23,880 inds./km

²으로가장낮게나타났으며

, St. 3

에

360,445 inds./

km

²로급격히증가하였으나다시감소한후

St. 9

에서

623,751 inds./km

²로가장많이채집되었다

(Fig. 2A).

생체량의경우개 체수와비슷한증감형태를나타내었으며

, St. 2

에서

1,108 kg/

km

²^로^가장^적고

St. 9

^에서

9,597 kg/km

²^로^가장^많이^채집되 었다

(Fig. 2B).

출현종수의경우

St. 7-10

에서

30

종이상채집되 었으며

, St. 2

에서

16

종으로가장적은종수가채집되었다

(Fig.

2C).

종다양성지수는

0.47-1.66

의범위로평균

1.07

로나타났 으며

, St. 6

이가장낮았고

St. 10

이가장높았다

(Fig. 2D).

전체조사기간동안출현한상위

13

^종의^{단위면적당}^개체수 값을이용하여 정점별어류군집의유사도를 분석한결과약

75%

에서

3

개의그룹으로 구분되었다

(Fig. 3).

각 그룹은위 도상 황해중앙해역의북부

(Group A),

중앙

(Group B),

남부

(Group C)

로구분하였으며

,

각그룹에기여한종수는

Group A

^는

6

^종

, Group B

^는

9

^종

, Group C 10

^종으로^아래쪽^정점으로 내려갈수록그룹간차이에기여하는종이증가하였다

.

그중기 여도가높은상위

3

종을살펴보면

Group A

는대구

,

꼼치

,

흰베 도라치

(Pholis fangi), Group B

는멸치

,

꼼치

,

황아귀

, Group C

는참조기

,

꼼치

,

성대

(Chelidonichthys spinosus)

^로^나타났으 며

,

^{공통적으로}^꼼치가^상위종에^속하였다

(Table 2).

정점간어류의종조성의변동에가장많은영향을미치는해 양환경요인을알아보기위하여

13

종을대상으로한주성분분

석

(PCA)

결과전체변동의누적

85%

까지기여하는상위성분

120°E 122°E 124°E 126°E 128°E 130°E

China

Korea

-4 -2 0 2 4

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

Principle component 1

Pr in cipl e co m po ne nt 2

St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 4 St. 5 St. 6 St. 7

St. 8 St. 9

St. 10 32ºN

120°E 122°E 124°E 126°E 128°E 130°E

China

Korea

St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 4 St. 5 St. 6 St. 7

St. 8 St. 9

St. 10

Similarity

50 60 70 80 90 100

0 200 400 600 800

N o. of in ds . (1 ,00 0 in ds ./km

2

)

0 2 4 6 8 10

Bi omass (t on //km

2

)

0 10 20 30 40 50

N o. of s pe ci es

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Station

D iv er si ty ind ex (H ')

(A)

(C) (B)

(D)

Fig. 2. Variations in number of number of individuals (A), biomass (B), number of species (C) and diversity index (D) of fish by sampling stations in the middle of the Yellow Sea from 2008 to 2014. (D: Filled circles and vertical line denote means and 95%

confidence intervals, respectively.)

120°E 122°E 124°E 126°E 128°E 130°E

China

Korea

-4 -2 0 2 4

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

Principle component 1

Pr in cipl e co m po ne nt 2

St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 4 St. 5 St. 6 St. 7

St. 8 St. 9

St. 10 32ºN

120°E 122°E 124°E 126°E 128°E 130°E

China

Korea

St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 4 St. 5 St. 6 St. 7

St. 8 St. 9

St. 10

Similarity

50 60 70 80 90 100

0 200 400 600 800

N o. of in ds . (1 ,00 0 in ds ./km

2

)

0 2 4 6 8 10

Bi omass (t on //km

2

)

0 10 20 30 40 50

N o. of s pe ci es

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Station

D iv er si ty ind ex (H ')

(A)

(C) (B)

(D)

Fig. 3. A Dendrogram of clustering on fish assemblage by sampling stations in the middle of the Yellow Sea from 2008 to 2014.

(4)

고은혜

ㆍ

주형운

ㆍ

이동우

ㆍ

차형기

ㆍ

최정화

852

이

2

개의축으로구분되었다

(Fig. 4). PC 1

은총분산의

71.8%, PC 2

는

12.5%

로위성분이총분산의

84.3%

를차지하였다

. PC

1

에투영된정점별주성분값을살펴보면

,

비교적수심이깊고

저층수온이낮은

St. 1-5

^은

PC 1

^{성분축에서}^양의^값을^나타내 었고

,

수심이얕고수온이높았던

St. 6-10

은음의값을나타내 었다

.

추출된

Principal Score

값과해양환경요인과의상관분석

결과

PC 1

은저층수온과수심에유의한차이가있었으나

,

저층

수온이가장크게유의한차이를나타냈으며

(P<0.01), PC 2

^는

다른환경요인과유의한결과를나타내지않았다

(Table 3).

^또

한저층수온과염분

,

수심이출현한어류의종수와단위면적당 개체수및생체량에미친영향을알아보기위하여상관분석을 실시한결과

,

출현종수와개체수및생체량은저층수온과양의 상관관계

,

수심과는음의상관관계를나타냈으며

(P<0.05),

^저 층염분과는유의한관계를나타내지않았다

(Table 4).

고 찰

Lee (2004)

의보고에의하면황해에서는총

30

목

109

과

339

종의어류가서식하며농어목이

41%,

쏨뱅이목

12%,

가자미목

9%,

복어목

7%

를차지한다고알려져있는데

,

본연구에서는농 어목이전체의

33%,

쏨뱅이목

18%,

가자미목이

15%

를차지하 여유사한어류상을나타내었다

.

^황해에서^저층^트롤을^이용한 선행연구를살펴보면

,

황해동부에서

171

종

(Im, 2007)

과

97

종

(Im et al., 2009),

동중국해와황해중

·

서부에서봄과가을에각

177

종

, 149

종

(Jin et al., 2003)

으로본연구의

72

종보다많은것 으로나타났다

.

이는시기의차이뿐아니라황해중부에비해황 해동부와서부가생산력이높고다양한생물의산란장이나색 이장이연안역

(Boaden and Seed, 1985; Cha, 1999; Kwak and

Huh, 2007)

에많이포함되어출현종이다양하게나타난것으로

Table 4. Pearson correlation coefficients (r value) between environmental variables and three variables (total number of species, individuals and biomass) by sampling stations related to fish in the middle of the Yellow Sea from 2008 to 2014 (*=P <0.05, **=P

<0.01)

Total no. of species

Total no.

of individuals (inds./km²)

Total biomass (kg/km²) Bottom

temperature 0.821** 0.726* 0.773**

Bottom salinity -0.314 -0.456 -0.299

Depth -0.820** -0.707* -0.841**

Table 3. The relationship between PC scores and bottom temperature, salinity and depth (*=P<0.05, **=P<0.01)

Pearson's r value PC score 1 PC score 2

Bottom temperature -0.930** 0.001

Bottom salinity 0.435 0.623

Depth 0.911** 0.192

Table 2. The list of higher contributing species to similarity within each groups and dissimilarity between group by sampling stations (Group A, B, C) in the middle of the Yellow Sea from 2008 to 2014 as revealed by the SIMPER analysis

Group A Group B Group C

Group A Gadus macrocephalus Liparis tanakai

Pholis fangi

Scomber japonicus Chelidonichthys spinosus

Conger myriaster

Chaeturichthys hexanema Gadus macrocephalus Chelidonichthys spinosus

Group B Engraulis japonicus

Liparis tanakai Lophius litulon

Gadus macrocephalus Chaeturichthys hexanema

Decapterus maruadsi

Group C Larimichthys polyactis

Liparis tanakai Chelidonichthys spinosus

120°E 122°E 124°E 126°E 128°E 130°E

China

Korea

-4 -2 0 2 4

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

Principle component 1

Pr in cipl e co m po ne nt 2

St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 4 St. 5 St. 6 St. 7

St. 8 St. 9

St. 10 32ºN

120°E 122°E 124°E 126°E 128°E 130°E

China

Korea

St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 4 St. 5 St. 6 St. 7

St. 8 St. 9

St. 10

Similarity

50 60 70 80 90 100

0 200 400 600 800

N o. of in ds . (1 ,00 0 in ds ./km

2

)

0 2 4 6 8 10

Bi omass (t on //km

2

)

0 10 20 30 40 50

N o. of s pe ci es

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Station

D iv er si ty ind ex (H ')

(A)

(C) (B)

(D)

Fig. 4. A ordination diagram for the first two principal components on the abundance 13 most numerous species in the middle of the Yellow Sea from 2008 to 2014.

(5)

853

판단된다

.

^그러나

Joo (2006)

^와

Kim et al. (2011)

^의^연구에서 는각각

38

종과

26

종이채집되어본연구의결과와

2

배가까이 적은종수가출현했다고보고하였다

.

이는사용한어구의망목

크기에대한차이로본연구에서사용된그물코크기는

20 mm

이며

, Joo (2006)

와

Kim et al. (2011)

은각각

150 mm, 60 mm

로비교적큰그물코를사용하여소형어종의출현이적게나타 난것으로생각된다

.

특히본연구와가장비슷한시기와해역에 서조사된

Kim et al. (2011)

의연구에서는

26

종중

18

종이동일 한어류가채집되었고

,

위도상남쪽으로내려올수록종다양도 가높은것으로나타나본연구와비슷한결과를나타내었으며 이는황해남쪽이대마난류를따라회유하는다양한어종의출 현에의한것으로여겨진다

.

본연구에서개체수와생체량에서모두우점한종은참조기

,

멸치

,

꼼치

,

대구로선행연구에서언급한우점종과유사하게나 타났으며

(Jin et al., 2003; Yeon et al., 2004; Xu and Jin, 2005;

Joo, 2006; Im, 2007; Im et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2011),

^특히^멸

치의경우황해에서가장우점하는종으로알려져있어

(Xu and

Jin, 2005)

본연구결과와일치하였다

.

대구의경우도황해냉

수대역을중심으로주로분포하며

(Im, 2007)

주로서해북부에

서어장이형성된다고알려져있는기존의연구

(NFRDI, 2010)

와유사한결과를나타내었다

.

^특히^황해의^대부분의^어류^자원 들이동중국해에서월동후봄철수온상승에따라황해로내유 하며한국과중국연안에서산란

,

성장하고있어가을연안수 온하강과함께동중국해로월동회유하는것으로알려져있다

(Lim et al., 1970; Lee et al., 1995).

본연구의경우하계만을 대상으로한조사이지만참조기와같이하계에형성되는황해 냉수대에영향을받는황해주요어종의분포및이동을이해하 기위한중요한자료가될것으로사료된다

.

또한황해중부해역은위도상북쪽과남쪽으로뚜렷한공간적 분포차이를보였는데

,

이는우점종의출현량과환경요인에영 향을받는다고 알려져있다

(Yeon et al., 2004; Im, 2007).

^본 연구에서도위도상가장북쪽인

Group A

에서대표적냉수성 어종인대구가가장크게기여하였으며

,

중간정점을포함하는

Group B

에서는황해중

·

서부에주우점종알려져있는멸치가

,

가장남쪽인

Group C

에서참조기가가장크게기여하여분리된

그룹중가장다양한종이군집구분에영향을미친것으로나타 났다

.

이러한결과는황해동부의기존연구에서위도상위쪽정

점과아래쪽정점으로분리되는군집과

(Joo, 2006),

외해의경

우북쪽과남쪽으로군집이구분되어

(Im, 2007)

군집구분에서

도유사한결과를나타내었다

.

또한모든그룹에서군집구분에 기여하는상위종으로출현한꼼치는황해중앙해역이주요한성 육장인것으로추정되지만

,

추가적으로황해의동서부연안역 을포함한추가연구가진행되면

1

년생인꼼치의정확한성육

장및이동경향등을추정할수있을것으로판단된다

(Kosaka

et al., 1971; Ustadi et al., 2005).

PCA

^분석^결과^이러한^{군집구조에서의}^차이는^저층^수온에

따라구분되는것으로나타났다

(P<0.01).

^수온은^해양생물^군 집의생물상변화에영향을미치기때문에중요한해양환경요 인으로알려져있다

(Francis et al., 2002; Garces et al., 2006;

Tittensor et al., 2010).

특히본연구에서황해저층냉수대로정 의되는수온

(10˚C

이하

)

과염분

(32.0-33.5 pus)

은

St. 6

과

St. 7

사이위도

34°

^를^경계로^{나타났는데}^이는^{군집분석의}^결과와도 비슷한결과를나타냈으며

,

여름철안정된수괴와강한일사량 으로인한수온약층의발달로저층수온분포로부터황해저층 냉수괴의뚜렷한경계를내는

Seung (1992)

과

Lee (1996)

의연 구결과와일치하였다

.

또한

Hong et al. (1995)

의보고에따르 면대형저서동물군집에서도출현종조성과서식밀도에서의분 포에따라황해냉수괴군집과비교적고온

·

고염분수를나타내 는주변군집을경계로생태적장벽

(Ecological barrier)

이존재 한다고보고하였는데이는본연구결과가장남쪽군집

(Group

C)

의경계와상당히일치하여

,

어류의군집또한이경계로황해

저층냉수의영향을받아군집이구분되는것이라고해석할수 있다

.

뿐만아니라

Lim et al. (2014)

의연구에따르면황해에서

이용되는주요어종인참조기의여름철어획적수온이

15.8˚C

이며황해저층냉수의확장과축소에따른해양환경변화를크 게받아황해저층냉수의확장이강할수록어획수준이낮아지 는것으로나타났다

.

^이는^본^연구에서^참조기의^출현량이^평균

저층수온이낮은곳에서

(St. 1-5)

가장적으며수온이가장높

은

St. 10 (15.4˚C)

에서높은것으로나타나어류의출현이저층 냉수대에영향을받는것으로판단된다

.

또한출현한어종수

,

개 체수

,

생체량과환경요인과의상관관계에서는저층수온과수 심의영향을많이받았고비교적높은상관관계나타내었는데

(P<0.05),

^이는^기존의^연구와^일치하는 ^결과이다

(Joo, 2006;

Im, 2007).

그러나연도별변화에따른우점종의출현과환경요

인의상관관계에서유의한차이가나타나지않았는데

(P>0.05),

이는황해동부

(1990

년대후반

)

와황해남부

(1980

년대후반

)

가각각

1990

^년대와

1980

^년대^후반^이후로^종조성과^군집구조

에서의큰변화가없는것으로나타나

(Jin et al., 2003; Xu and Jin, 2005; Im, 2007)

연도별로는종조성에서큰변화를나타나 지않는것으로생각되지만보다장기적이고과학적인모니터 링조사를통한명확한변화양상을파악할필요가있다고생각 된다

.

^그^동안^{우리나라에서}^수행된^{황해에서의}^연구는^연안과 근해에초점이맞춰져있거나단발성조사로제한되어있어황 해의전반적인수산생물에대한조사가미진한상태이다

.

따라 서황해중부해역은앞으로더욱체계적이고정밀한조사를통 한생태계의변화양상을파악해야할필요가있다고생각된다

.

사 사

본연구는국립수산과학원수산과학연구사업

(R2016026)

의 지원에의해수행되었습니다

.

References

(6)

고은혜

ㆍ

주형운

ㆍ

이동우

ㆍ

차형기

ㆍ

최정화

854

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