Ten New Species of the Genus Falcileptoneta (Araneae, Leptonetidae) from Korea

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INTRODUCTION

The spiders of the family Leptonetidae are small haplo- gyne spiders, and characterized by a distinctive six-eyed pattern owing to the obsolescence of anterior median eyes.

The anterior lateral eyes are contiguous in front as first row, the four posterior eyes are in transverse row(Archolepto- neta) or in strongly procurved row, with the median eyes placed far back from recurved row of four in front(Lepto- neta, etc.)(Gertsch 1973). Many species live in caves or in leaf litter.

Leptonetids currently contain 22 genera and 272 species (World Spider Catalog 2015), and are known from the Mediterranean area, North America, and East Asia(Platnick 1986), and seventeen Leptoneta species have been known as Korean leptonetids(World Spider Catalog 2015).

While studying specimens collected during the Korean indigenous species survey, the author identified ten new Falcileptoneta species belonging to Letonetidae and de- scribed. In addition, the erroneous generic assignments of six species among the Korean leptonetids were found and they were transferred to Falcileptoneta Komatsu, 1970.

These spiders have the sickle-like embolus tip and the apophyses on the distal palpal tibia, which are not found in European Leptoneta, but in Falcileptoneta.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Specimens were examined and measured using a stereo- microscope(Leica S8APO, Singapore). Photographs were taken with a digital camera(Leica DFC 420) and the images were combined using image stacking software(i-Solution, Future Science Co. Ltd., Taejeon, Korea).

The abbreviations in the text follow Seo(2014a, b): So- matic morphology - c, carapace length; l, length; w, width.

Leg I, length of leg I; Fem. I, length of femur I; Pat. I, length of patella; Tib. I, length of tibia I; Met. I, length of metatarsus I; Tar. I, length of tarsus I; d, p, r and v in leg spination are dorsal, prolateral, retrolateral and ventral side of leg, respectively. The sequence of leg segments in measurement data is as follows: total(femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Eye area - AER, anterior eye row; ALE, anterior lateral eye; ALE-PME, distance between ALE and PME; PER, posterior eye row; PLE, posterior lateral eye;

PLE-PME, distance between PLE and PME; PME, posteri-

* Corresponding author: Bo Keun Seo, Tel. 053-580-5209, Fax. 053-580-5558, E-mail. [email protected]

Ten New Species of the Genus Falcileptoneta(Araneae, Leptonetidae) from Korea

Bo Keun Seo*

Department of Biology, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Korea

Abstract - Ten new species of the genus Falcileptoneta are described; Falcileptoneta bifurca n. sp., F. boeunensis n. sp., F. chiakensis n. sp., F. cornuta n. sp., F. digitalis n. sp., F. hansanensis n. sp., F. juwangensis n. sp., F. moakensis n. sp., F. naejangenesis n. sp., and F. unmunensis n. sp. And six species previously known as Leptoneta spiders are transferred to Falcileptoneta as fo11ows;

Falcileptoneta coreana(Paik and Namkung, 1969), F. hwanseonensis(Namkung, 1987), F. secula (Namkung, 1987), F. simboggulensis(Paik, 1971), F. yebongsanensis(Kim, Lee and Namkung, 2004), and F. yongdamgulensis(Paik and Namkung, 1969), all n. comb.

Keywords: Falcileptoneta, Korea, Leptonetidae, n. comb., new species

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or median eye.

All measurements in the text are given in millimeters.

The examined specimens are deposited in the National Institute of Biological Resources(NIBR), Ministry of Envi- ronment, Korea.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Order Araneae Clerck, 1757 거미목

Family Leptonetidae Simon, 1890 잔나비거미과 Genus Falcileptoneta Komatsu, 1970 왜잔나비거미속 Falcileptoneta bifurca n.sp.^{가지잔나비거미}(^신칭) (Figs.1A-D,6A,7A,8A,B)

Material examined: Holotype: ♂, mixed forest(35°26ʹ 51ʺN, 126°50ʹ44ʺE, alt. 221m), Bukha-myeon, Jangseong- gun, Jeollanam-do, May 12, 2006, S.Y. Kim. Paratype:

1♀, same data as holotype; 10♂♂, 10♀♀, mixed forest around Sinseong Lake(35°25ʹ43ʺN, 126°50ʹ34ʺE, alt. 131 m), other data same as holotype.

Etymology: The specific name comes from the Latin ad- jective bifurcus meaning “two-pronged” and refers to the shape of the embolus tip.

Diagnosis: The male palp of F. bifurca n. sp. is separated from all other Falcileptoneta species by the shape of two apophyses on the distal end of the tibia, and the bifurcated and sickle-like embolus tip(Fig. 1A-C).

Description: Male(holotype). Total length 1.76. Habitus as in Fig. 6A. Carapace dark brown, and 0.78 long, 0.66 wide;

fovea linear, distinct. Clypeus height 1.5 times of diameter of ALE. AER 0.13, PER 0.17. ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08, ALE-PME 0.09, PLE-PME 0.04. Chelicera with nine promarginal and ten minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.49 long, 0.48 wide. Labium 0.05 long, 0.13 wide. Endite bulged out medially, and a little longer than wide(Fig. 2A).

Leg measurements: I 4.77(1.28, 0.28, 1.33, 1.08, 0.80), II 3.81(1.05, 0.28, 1.03, 0.80, 0.65), III 3.21(0.85, 0.23, 0.80, 0.73, 0.60), IV 4.41(1.15, 0.23, 1.30, 1.00, 0.73). Palp 1.13 (0.46, 0.16, 0.22, 0.29). Leg I/c 6.45. Fem. I/c 1.73. Tib I/

c 1.80. Met I/c 1.46. Pat. I+tib. I/c 2.18. Met. I/tar. I 1.35.

Met. IV/tar. IV 1.37. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I p1-0.

Tibiae; I, II v0-1-0; III, IV d1-1, p0-0-0-1, r0-0-0-1. Meta-

tarsi; III, IV p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0-1-0. Abdomen dark brown and oval with a depression anteriorly, and 0.90 long, 0.54 wide. Palp(Figs. 1A-C, 7A, B): femur without spine; tibia with two retrolateral apophyses on distal end, outer one spur-like and inner one transparent ampullaceous; tarsus branched slightly, without transverse depression. Palpal bulb with an embolus bearing a sickle-like and bifurcated tip and three types of sclerite: prolateral sclerite narrrowleaf-like; median sclerite blade-like; retrolateral sclerite transparently membranous.

Female(paratype). Total length 1.52. Carapace 0.72 long, 0.60 wide. Clypeus height 1.6 times of diameter of ALE.

AER 0.13, PER 0.16. ALE 0.07, PME 0.05, PLE 0.07, ALE-PME 0.08, PLE-PME 0.03. Chelicera with eight promarginal and eight minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.47 long, 0.40 wide. Labium 0.08 long, 0.13 wide. Leg measurements: I 4.14(1.10, 0.24, 1.18, 0.88, 0.74), II 3.22(0.88, 0.22, 0.84, 0.68, 0.60), III 2.76(0.74, 0.22, 0.68, 0.62, 0.50), IV 3.88(1.06, 0.22, 1.12, 0.84, 0.64). Palp 1.16(0.36, 0.14, 0.26, 0.40). Leg I/c 5.75. Fem. I/c 1.53. Tib I/c 1.64. Met I/

c 1.22. Pat. I+tib. I/c 1.97. Met. I/tar. I 1.19. Met. IV/tar.

IV 1.31. Leg spination pattern: Tibiae; I v0-1-0; II d1-1; III, IV d1-1, p0-0-0-1, r0-0-0-1. Metatarsi; I v0-1-0; II~IV p0- 1-0, r0-1-0, v0-1-0. Abdomen oval, 0.76 long, 0.56 wide.

Internal genitalia; spermatheca oval, and genital duct short, apically coiled once(Fig. 1D).

Habitat: Mixed forest.

World Distribution: Korea(Jeollanam-do).

Deposition: NIBR.

Identifier: Bo Keun Seo.

Falcileptoneta boeunensis n.sp.^{보은잔나비거미}(^신칭) (Figs.1E-I,6B,7B,8C,D)

Material examined: Holotype: ♂, mixed forest near Samga Lake(36°29ʹ58ʺN, 127°51ʹ24ʺE, alt. 279m), Song- nisan-myeon, Boeun-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, July 4, 2011, T.B. Ryu. Paratype: 1♀, same data as holotype;

1♂, 1♀, mixed forest near Ssanggok Valley(36°45ʹ39ʺN, 127°53ʹ36ʺE, alt. 304m), Chilseong-myeon, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, September 6, 2007, S.Y. Kim.

Etymology: The specific name comes from the type locali- ty, Boeun county.

Diagnosis: The male palp of F. boeunensis n. sp. is similar

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to that of F. hansanensis n. sp. in the dorsal spurs on the tib- ia, but can be distinguished from the latter by the number, shape and length of spurs, three retrolateral apophyses on distal end of tibia, and the protruded distal part of tarsus(Fig.

1E-H).

Description: Male(holotype). Total length 1.60. Habitus

as in Fig. 6B. Carapace brown and 0.66 long, 0.60 wide;

fovea linear, distinct. Clypeus height 1.8 times of diameter of ALE. AER 0.12, PER 0.14. ALE 0.07, PME 0.05, PLE 0.05, ALE-PME 0.08, PLE-PME 0.03. Chelicera with ten promarginal and seven minute retromarginal teeth. Ster- num 0.46 long, 0.39 wide. Labium 0.07 long, 0.12 wide.

Fig. 1. Falcileptoneta bifurca n. sp.(A-D) and Falcileptoneta boeunensis n. sp.(E-I): A, E-male left palp, prolateral view; B, F-male left palp, retrolateral view; C, G-male left palp, tarsus, dorsal view; D, I-female internal genitalia.; H-apophyses of male palpal tibia.

Scale lines: 0.1 mm.

C

D

E H F

G

I

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Endite with a nodule and longer than wide(Fig. 7B). Leg measurements: I 4.11(1.10, 0.23, 1.15, 0.93, 0.70), II 3.21 (0.88, 0.20, 0.85, 0.70, 0.58), III 2.76(0.75, 0.18, 0.70, 0.65, 0.48), IV lost. Palp 1.16(0.48, 0.20, 0.23, 0.25). Leg I/c 6.23. Fem. I/c 1.67. Tib I/c 1.74. Met I/c 1.41. Pat. I+tib.

I/c 2.09. Met. I/tar. I 1.33. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I p0-1. Tibiae; I, II v1-0; III d1-1. Metatarsi; I, II v1-1; III p0- 1-0, r0-1-0, v0-1-1-0. Abdomen light brown, oval, and 0.84 long, 0.56 wide. Palp(Figs. 1E-H, 8C, D): femur without spine; tibia with three retrolateral apophyses on distal end, outer one spur-like, middle one spine-like and inner one conic, and with five dorsal spurs; tarsus branched, with a transverse depression and a ventral process and distal part protruded retrolaterally. Palpal bulb with an embolus bearing a sickle-like tip and three types of sclerite: prolateral sclerite spine-like; median sclerite longish shoehorn-like;

retrolateral sclerite transparently membranous.

AER 0.12, PER 0.13. ALE 0.07, PME 0.04, PLE 0.05, ALE- PME 0.05, PLE-PME 0.03. Chelicera with ten promarginal and five minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.46 long, 0.38 wide. Labium 0.08 long, 0.10 wide. Leg measurements: I 3.52(0.88, 0.23, 0.98, 0.78, 0.65), II 2.79(0.78, 0.20, 0.73, 0.58, 0.50), III 2.53(0.70, 0.20, 0.60, 0.55, 0.48), IV 3.57 (0.98, 0.18, 1.05, 0.78, 0.58). Palp 1.11(0.35, 0.13, 0.23, 0.40). Leg I/c 5.33. Fem. I/c 1.33. Tib I/c 1.48. Met I/c 1.18.

Pat. I+tib. I/c 1.83. Met. I/tar. I 1.20. Met. IV/tar. IV 1.34.

Leg spine absent. Abdomen oval, 0.80 long, 0.66 wide.

Internal genitalia; spermatheca oval, genital duct short and loosely coiled(Fig. 1I).

World Distribution: Korea(Chungcheongbuk-do).

Falcileptoneta chiakensis n.sp.^{치악잔나비거미}(^신칭) (Figs.2A-D,6C,7C,8E,F)

Material examined: Holotype: ♂, valley forest near Gury- ong Temple(37°23ʹ53ʺN, 128°03ʹ02ʺE, alt. 376m), 3.7km north north-west of the summit of Mt. Chiak, Socho-myeon, Weonju-si, Gangweon-do, September 25, 2009, S.Y. Kim.

Etymology: The specific name comes from the type locali-

ty, Mt. Chiak.

Diagnosis: The male palp of F. chiakensis n. sp. is similar to that of Leptoneta yebongsanensis Kim, Lee and Nam- kung, 2004, but can be distinguished from the latter by having two retrolateral apophyses on the distal end of palpal tibia, the spine-like prolateral sclerite and the shoehorn-like median sclerite of palpal bulb(Fig. 2A-D).

Description: Male(holotype). Total length 1.94. Habitus as in Fig. 6C. Carapace dark brown and 0.80 long, 0.70 wide;

fovea linear, distinct. Clypeus height 1.6 times of diameter of ALE. AER 0.14, PER 0.18. ALE 0.08, PME 0.06, PLE 0.07, ALE-PME 0.08, PLE-PME 0.03. Chelicera with eight promarginal and eight minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.55 long, 0.52 wide. Labium 0.09 long, 0.16 wide. Endite with a nodule, and longer than wide(Fig. 7C). Leg measurements: I 6.72(1.83, 0.28, 2.05, 1.53, 1.03), II 4.89(1.33, 0.25, 1.43, 1.05, 0.83), III 4.17(1.18, 0.25, 1.13, 0.93, 0.68), IV 5.43(1.50, 0.25, 1.60, 1.25, 0.83). Palp 1.21(0.48, 0.18, 0.25, 0.30). Leg I/c 8.40. Fem. I/c 2.29. Tib I/c 2.56. Met I/

IV 1.51. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I p0-1-0. Tibiae; I p0-0-1-1, r0-0-1-1; II p0-0-1, r0-1-1, v1-0; III, IV p0-0-0- 1, r0-0-0-1. Metatarsi; I v1-1-0; II v0-1-0; III, IV p1-0, v0- 1-0. Abdomen dark brown, oval and 1.08 long, 0.60 wide.

Palp(Figs. 2A-D, 8E, F): femur without spine; tibia with two curved retrolateral apophyses on distal end; tarsus unbranched, with a transverse depression. Palpal bulb with an embolus bearing sickle-like tip and three types of sclerite:

prolateral sclerite spine-like; median sclerite longish shoehorn-like; retrolateral sclerite transparentl membranous.

Habitat: Valley forest.

World Distribution: Korea(Gangweon-do).

Falcileptoneta coreana(Paik and Namkung,1969) n.comb.^{고려잔나비거미}

Synonyms: Leptoneta coreana Paik and Namkung, 1969:

799.

Falcileptoneta cornuta n.sp.^{뿔잔나비거미}(^신칭) (Figs.2E-H,6D,7D,8G,H)

Material examined: Holotype: ♂, mixed forest(35°29ʹ

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14ʺN, 126°53ʹ56ʺE, alt. 259m), 350m southwest of Nae- jang Temple in Mt. Naejang, Naejang-dong, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, July 14, 2006, B.K. Seo.

Etymology: The specific name comes from the Latin adjec- tive cornutus meaning “horned” and refers to the shape of inner apophysis on the distal end of palpal tibia.

Diagnosis: The palpal tibia apophyses of F. cornuta n. sp.

are similar to those of F. chiakensis n. sp., but can be distin- guished from the latter by the straight shapes and the position of outer one(Fig. 2F-H).

Description: Male(holotype). Total length 2.02. Habitus as in Fig. 6D. Carapace yellowish brown and 0.78 long, 0.66 wide; fovea linear, distinct. Clypeus height 1.7 times

of diameter of ALE. AER 0.14, PER 0.20. ALE 0.09, PME 0.06, PLE 0.08, ALE-PME 0.18, PLE-PME 0.04. Chelicera with eight promarginal and nine minute retromarginal teeth.

Sternum 0.55 long, 0.57 wide. Labium 0.10 long, 0.16 wide. Endite with a nodule and longer than wide(Fig. 7D).

Met. IV/tar. IV 1.58. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I p0- 1. Tibiae; I p0-1-1-1, r0-1-1-1, v1-1-0; II d0-0-0-1, p0-0-1, r0-1-1, v1-1-0; III d0-1-0-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v1-0-0; IV d0- Fig. 2. Falcileptoneta chiakensis n. sp.(A-D) and Falcileptoneta cornuta n. sp.(E-H): A, E-male left palp, prolateral view; B, F-male left

palp, retrolateral view; C, G-male left palp, tarsus, dorsal view; D, H-apophyses of male palpal tibia. Scale lines: 0.1mm.

B C

D

E H

G

F

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1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v0-1-0. Metatarsi; I~IV p0-1-0, r0-1- 0, v0-1-0. Abdomen dark brown, oval and 1.06 long, 0.64 wide. Palp(Figs. 2E-H, 8G, H): femur without strong spine;

tibia with two retrolateral apophyses on distal end, outer one spur-like and inner one conic; tarsus branched slightly, with a transverse depression. Palpal bulb with an embolus bearing sickle-like tip and three types of sclerite: prolateral sclerite narrrowleaf-like; median sclerite longish shoehorn-like; retrolateral sclerite transparently membranous.

World Distribution: Korea(Jeollabuk-do).

Falcileptoneta digitalis n.sp.^{손가락잔나비거미}(^신칭) (Figs.3A-E,6E,7E,8I,J)

Material examined: Holotype: ♂, mixed forest(34°57ʹ 45ʺN, 127°20ʹ29ʺE, alt. 267m), 5.9km southeast of the summit of Mt. Jogye, Nakan-myeon, Suncheon-si, Jeolla- nam-do, July 29, 2010, J.C. Lim. Paratype: 2♀♀, same data as holotype; 1♂, 1♀, mixed forest near Dalgung Junc- tion(35°20ʹ18ʺN, 127°32ʹ00ʺE, alt. 721m), 17.7km west of the summit of Mt. Jiri, Sannae-myeon, Namweon-si, Jeolla- buk-do, July 30, 2010, J.C. Lim.

Etymology: The specific name comes from the Latin ad- jective digitalis meaning “of or belonging to the finger” and refers to the shape of inner apophysis on the distal end of palpal tibia.

Diagnosis: The male palp of F. digitalis n. sp. is similar to that of F. boeunensis n. sp. by the dorsal tibial spurs and the three retrolateral apophyses on the distal end of tibia, and a ventral tarsal process and the protrusion at the distal tarsus, but can be distinguished from the latter by the number of spurs, the shape of three retrolateral apophyses, and a spur of the protruded part(Fig. 3A-D).

Description: Male(holotype). Total length 2.03. Habitus as in Fig. 6E. Carapace dark brown and 0.83 long, 0.73 wide; fovea linear, distinct. Clypeus height 2.8 times of diameter of ALE. AER 0.12, PER 0.17. ALE 0.07, PME 0.04, PLE 0.07, ALE-PME 0.07, PLE-PME 0.03. Cheli- cera with eight promarginal and eight minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.57 long, 0.43 wide. Labium 0.10 long, 0.14

wide. Endite with a nodule and longer than wide(Fig. 7E).

Met. IV/tar. IV 1.53. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I p1- 0. Tibiae; I p0-1-1-1, r0-1-1-1, v1-0; II r0-1-0, v0-1-0; III p0-0-0-1, r0-0-0-1; IV d1-1, p0-0-0-1, r0-0-0-1. Metatarsi;

I r0-1-0; II~III p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0-1-0; IV r0-1-0, v0-1-0.

Abdomen dark brown, oval and 1.08 long, 0.68 wide. Palp (Figs. 3A-D, 8I, J): femur without strong spines; tibia with three retrolateral projections on distal end, outer one long spur-like, middle one black, onion scale-like and inner one finger-like, and with two dorsal spurs; tarsus unbranched, with a transverse depression and a ventral process, and distal protrusion with a retrolateral spur. Palpal bulb with an embolus bearing a small hook-like tip and three types of sclerite: prolateral sclerite narrrowleaf-like; median sclerite shoehorn-like; retrolateral sclerite transparently membranous.

AER 0.10, PER 0.16. ALE 0.05, PME 0.04, PLE 0.05, ALE-PME 0.07, PLE-PME 0.03. Chelicera with eight promarginal and five minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.53 long, 0.35 wide. Labium 0.10 long, 0.13 wide. Leg measurements: I 4.62(1.22, 0.24, 1.32, 1.02, 0.82), II 3.74(1.06, 0.24, 1.00, 0.76, 0.68), III 3.22(0.86, 0.22, 0.80, 0.74, 0.60), IV 4.52(1.24, 0.24, 1.28, 1.02, 0.74). Palp 1.50(0.40, 0.16, 0.50, 0.44). Leg I/c 6.08. Fem. I/c 1.61. Tib I/c 1.74. Met I/

IV 1.38. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I p1-0. Tibiae; I p0- 1-1-1, r0-1-1-1, v1-0; II p0-0-0-1, r0-0-0-1, v0-1-0; III~IV d1-1, p0-0-0-1, r0-0-0-1. Metatarsi; I p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v1-1- 0; II~IV p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0-1-0. Abdomen oval, 0.98 long, 0.76 wide. Internal genitalia; spermatheca pear-shaped, genital duct short and loosely coiled(Fig. 3E).

World Distribution: Korea(Jeolla-do).

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Falcileptoneta hansanensis n.sp.^{한산잔나비거미}(^신칭) (Figs.3F-I,6F,7F,8K,L)

Material examined: Holotype: ♂, mixed forest(34°47ʹ

46ʺN, 128°28ʹ40ʺE, alt. 105m), 3km north north-west of the summit of Mt. Mang, Hansan-myeon, Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, May 12, 2013, B.K. Seo. Paratype:

5♂♂, 5♀♀, same data as holotype.

Fig. 3. Falcileptoneta digitalis n. sp.(A-E) and Falcileptoneta hansanensis n. sp.(F-I): A, F-male left palp, prolateral view; B, G-male left palp, retrolateral view; C, H-male left palp, tarsus, dorsal view; D-apophyses of male palpal tibia; E, I-female internal genitalia.

Scale lines: 0.1mm.

C

D E

F H G

I

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Etymology: The specific name comes from the type locali- ty, Isl. Han.

Diagnosis: The male palp of F. hansanensis n. sp. is sep- arated from all other Falcileptoneta species by having six dorsal spurs on the palpal tibia and the membranous margin of embolus(Fig. 3F, G).

Description: Male(holotype). Total length 1.48. Habitus as in Fig. 6F. Carapace brown, and 0.64 long, 0.56 wide; fovea linear, cervical groove distinct. Clypeus height 2.2 times of diameter of ALE. AER 0.12, PER 0.14. ALE 0.06, PME 0.05, PLE 0.06, ALE-PME 0.05, PLE-PME 0.01. Chelicera with eight promarginal and four minute retromarginal teeth.

Sternum 0.43 long, 0.39 wide. Labium 0.07 long, 0.13 wide. Endite with a nodule, longer than wide(Fig. 7F). Leg measurements: I 3.79(1.03, 0.25, 1.05, 0.83, 0.63), II 3.03 (0.83, 0.20, 0.80, 0.65, 0.55), III 2.67(0.73, 0.23, 0.68, 0.55, 0.48), IV 3.64(0.98, 0.23, 1.05, 0.83, 0.55). Palp 1.23(0.50, 0.23, 0.25, 0.25). Leg I/c 5.92. Fem. I/c 1.61. Tib I/c 1.64.

Met I/c 1.30. Pat. I+tib. I/c 2.03. Met. I/tar. I 1.32. Met.

IV/tar. IV 1.51. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I p0-1-0.

Tibiae; I p0-0-0-1, r0-1-0; II v1-0-0; III d1-1, r0-0-0-1; IV d1-1, p0-0-0-1, r0-0-0-1. Metatarsi; I v1-1-0; II~IV p0-1-0.

Abdomen oval, dark brown, and 0.82 long, 0.52 wide. Palp (Figs. 3F-H, 8K, L): femur without spine; tibia with two retrolateral apophyses on distal end, outer one bristle-like and inner one spur-like, and with six spurs dorsally; tarsus unbranched, but with a ventral process and a transverse depression. Palpal bulb with an embolus bearing a sickle-like tip and membranous margin and three types of sclerite: prolateral sclerite short narrrowleaf-like; median sclerite shoehorn-like; retrolateral sclerite transparently membranous.

AER 0.10, PER 0.14. ALE 0.05, PME 0.04, PLE 0.05, ALE-PME 0.07, PLE-PME 0.03. Chelicera with eight promarginal and four minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.48 long, 0.35 wide. Labium 0.08 long, 0.13 wide. Leg measurements: I 3.86(1.06, 0.22, 1.10, 0.84, 0.64), II 3.08(0.84, 0.22, 0.80, 0.66, 0.56), III 2.76(0.72, 0.20, 0.70, 0.64, 0.50), IV 3.82(1.04, 0.20, 1.14, 0.86, 0.58). Palp 1.24(0.40, 0.16, 0.28, 0.40). Leg I/c 6.03. Fem. I/c 1.66. Tib I/c 1.72. Met I/c 1.31. Pat. I+tib. I/c 2.06. Met. I/tar. I 1.31. Met. IV/tar. IV 1.48. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I p0-1-0. Tibiae; I v0- 1-0; II d1-1, r0-0-0-1; III d1-1, p0-0-0-1; IV d1-0, p0-0-0-

1, r0-0-0-1. Metatarsi; I, IV v0-1-0; II, III p0-1-0. Abdomen oval, 1.02 long, 0.80 wide. Internal genitalia; spermatheca oval, genital duct coiled once apically(Fig. 3I).

World Distribution: Korea(Gyeongsangnam-do).

Falcileptoneta hwanseonensis(Namkung,1987) n.comb.^{환선잔나비거미}

Synonyms: Leptoneta hwanseonensis Namkung, 1987: 86.

Falcileptoneta juwangensis n.sp.^{주왕잔나비거미}(^신칭) (Figs.4A-D,6G,7G,8M,N)

Material examined: Holotype: ♂, valley grassland(36°23ʹ 50ʺN, 129°09ʹ26ʺE, alt. 303m), 1km east of Daejeon Temple in Mt. Juwang, Budong-myeon, Cheongsong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, October 5, 2009, S.Y. Kim. Paratype:

1♀, same data as holotype; 1♂, 1♀, same data as holotype but 12 November 2009.

Etymology: The specific name comes from the type locali- ty, Mt. Juwang.

Diagnosis: The male of F. juwangensis n. sp. is separated from all other Falcileptoneta species by having two trans- parent apophyses on the distal end of palpal tibia and the beak-like tip of embolus(Fig. 4A-C).

Description: Male(holotype). Total length 1.62. Habitus as in Fig. 6G. Carapace 0.78 long, 0.66 wide; fovea linear, distinct. Clypeus height 3.5 times of diameter of ALE. AER 0.11, PER 0.13. ALE 0.05, PME 0.04, PLE 0.05, ALE-PME 0.08, PLE-PME 0.04. Chelicera with eight promarginal and seven minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.53 long, 0.52 wide. Labium 0.13 long, 0.14 wide. Endite with a nodule, medially depressed, and longer than wide(Fig. 7G). Leg measurements: I 6.70(1.85, 0.30, 2.05, 1.55, 0.95), II 5.13 (1.40, 0.28, 1.45, 1.05, 0.95), III 3.88(1.10, 0.28, 1.00, 0.90, 0.60), IV 5.45(1.50, 0.30, 1.65, 1.25, 0.75). Palp 1.39(0.55, 0.21, 0.29, 0.34). Leg I/c 8.59. Fem. I/c 2.37. Tib I/c 2.63.

IV/tar. IV 1.67. Leg spination pattern: Tibiae; I v0-1-2-2;

II v0-1-1; III p0-0-1, r0-0-1; IV p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Metatarsi;

II v0-1-0; III, p0-1-0, v0-1-0; IV p0-1-0. Abdomen oval, 0.82 long, 0.52 wide. Palp(Figs. 4A-C, 8M, N): femur with

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many strong spines; tibia with two retrolateral apophyses on distal end, outer one transparent cone-like and inner one transparent onion scale-like; tarsus branched, with a

transverse depression and a long spine dorsally. Palpal bulb with an embolus bearing a beak-like tip and three types of sclerite: prolateral sclerite narrrowleaf-like; median sclerite Fig. 4. Falcileptoneta juwangensis n. sp.(A-D) and Falcileptoneta moakensis n. sp.(E-H): A-male right palp, retrolateral view; B-male right palp, prolateral view; C-male right palp, tarsus, dorsal view; D, H-female internal genitalia; E-male left palp, prolateral view;

F-male left palp, retrolateral view; G-male left palp, tarsus, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.1mm.

C

D

E G F

H

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longish shoehorn-like; retrolateral sclerite transparently membranous.

AER 0.12, PER 0.16. ALE 0.07, PME 0.04, PLE 0.05, ALE-PME 0.08, PLE-PME 0.04. Chelicera with eight promarginal and seven minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.56 long, 0.49 wide. Labium 0.10 long, 0.14 wide. Leg measurements: I 5.31(1.45, 0.28, 1.58, 1.20, 0.80), II 4.14 (1.18, 0.25, 1.15, 0.88, 0.68), III 3.52(0.98, 0.23, 0.90, 0.83, 0.58), IV 4.86(1.38, 0.25, 1.45, 1.08, 0.70). Palp 1.43 (0.50, 0.15, 0.33, 0.45). Leg I/c 6.64. Fem. I/c 1.81. Tib I/

Met. IV/tar. IV 1.54. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I p0- 1-0. Tibiae; I p0-1, r0-1-1, v1-0; II r0-1-1, v0-1-0; III d0- 0-1, p0-0-1, r0-1-1; IV p0-1-1, r0-0-1. Metatarsi; II p0-1-0, v0-1-0; III, p1-0, v1-0; IV p0-1-0, r0-1-0. Abdomen oval, 0.86 long, 0.70 wide. Internal genitalia; spermatheca oval, genital duct short(Fig. 4D).

Habitat: Valley grassland.

World Distribution: Korea(Gyeongsangbuk-do).

Falcileptoneta moakensis n.sp.^{모악잔나비거미}(^신칭) (Figs.4E-H,6H,7H,8O,P)

Material examined: Holotype: ♂, mixed forest(35°43ʹ 27ʺN, 127°03ʹ34ʺE, alt. 142m), 570m east north-east of Geumsan Temple in Mt. Moak, Gui-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, November 17, 2006, S.Y. Kim. Paratype:

1♀, same data as holotype; 1♀, mixed forest(35°43ʹ20ʺN, 127°03ʹ21ʺE, alt. 140m), 240m east south-east of Geumsan Temple, other data same as holotype.

Etymology: The specific name comes from the type locali- ty, Mt. Moak.

Diagnosis: The male palp of F. moakensis n. sp. is similar to that of Leptoneta yebongsanensis Kim, Lee and Nam- kung, 2004, but can be distinguished from the latter by the narrowleaf-like prolateral sclerite and the long blade-like median sclerite of palpal bulb(Fig. 4E, F).

Description: Male(holotype). Total length 2.15. Habitus as in Fig. 6H. Carapace brown, 0.93 long, 0.88 wide; fovea linear, distinct. Clypeus height 2.1 times of diameter of

ALE. AER 0.17, PER 0.20. ALE 0.09, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08, ALE-PME 0.10, PLE-PME 0.04. Chelicera with nine promarginal and eleven minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.61 long, 0.59 wide. Labium 0.12 long, 0.13 wide. Endite with a nodule, longer than wide(Fig. 7H). Leg measurements: I 7.65(2.05, 0.30, 2.35, 1.80, 1.15), II 5.45(1.45, 0.30, 1.60, 1.20, 0.90), III 4.60(1.30, 0.30, 1.25, 1.05, 0.70), IV 5.40(1.05, 0.25, 1.80, 1.45, 0.85). Palp 1.46(0.58, 0.23, 0.25, 0.40). Leg I/c 8.23. Fem. I/c 2.20. Tib I/c 2.53. Met I/c 1.94. Pat. I+tib. I/c 2.85. Met. I/tar. I 1.57. Met. IV/tar. IV 1.71. Leg spination pattern: Tibiae; I p0-0-1-1, r0-1-1-1, v1- 1-0; II r0-1-1-1, v0-1-0; III p0-0-1, r0-0-1; IV d1-0, p0-0-1.

Metatarsi; I v0-1-1-0; II p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0-1-0; III, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0-1-0; IV p0-1-0, r0-1-02, v0-1-0. Abdomen oval and brown, with two white chevrons anteriorly, and 0.82 long, 0.52 wide. Palp(Figs. 4E-G, 8O, P): femur without spine; tibia with a transparent cone-shaped apophysis on distal retrolateral end; tarsus branched slightly, with a small lobe prolaterally, and distal part protruded retrolaterally.

Palpal bulb with an embolus bearing a sickle-like tip and three types of sclerite: prolateral sclerite narrrowleaf-like;

median sclerite longish blade-like; retrolateral sclerite transparently membranous.

AER 0.14, PER 0.18. ALE 0.09, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08, ALE-PME 0.10, PLE-PME 0.04. Chelicera with nine promarginal and ten minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.51 long, 0.46 wide. Labium 0.10 long, 0.14 wide. Leg measurements: I 6.12(1.65, 0.28, 1.83, 1.38, 0.98), II 4.58(1.25, 0.25, 1.30, 1.00, 0.78), III 3.78(1.05, 0.25, 1.00, 0.85, 0.63), IV 5.11(1.43, 0.25, 1.48, 1.15, 0.80). Palp 1.49(0.48, 0.15, 0.33, 0.53). Leg I/c 7.85. Fem. I/c 2.12. Tib I/c 2.35. Met I/

IV 1.44. Leg spination pattern: Tibiae; I p0-0-1-1, r0-1-1-1, v1-1-0; II p0-0-0-1, r0-1-1-1, v0-1-0; III p0-0-1, r0-1-1; IV d0-1-0, p0-0-1. Metatarsi; I p0-1-0, v1-1-0; II~IV p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v0-1-0. Abdomen oval, 0.85 long, 0.65 wide. Inter- nal genitalia; spermatheca pear-like, genital duct long(Fig.

4H).

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Material examined: Holotype: ♂, mixed forest(35°29ʹ 30ʺN, 126°54ʹ02ʺE, alt. 249 m), 270 m north north-west of Naejang Temple in Mt. Naejang, Naejang-dong, Jeonge-

Etymology: The specific name comes from the type locali- ty, Mt. Naejang.

Diagnosis: The male palp of F. naejangensis n. sp. is simi- lar to that of Leptoneta hwanseonensis Namkung, 1987, but

Fig. 5. Falcileptoneta naejangenesis n. sp.(A-D) and Falcileptoneta unmunensis n. sp.(E-H): A, E-male left palp, prolateral view; B, F- male left palp, retrolateral view; C, G-male left palp, tarsus, dorsal view; D, H-female internal genitalia. Scale lines: 0.1mm.

A B

D C

E

G

F

H

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can be distinguished from the latter by the shape of tibial apophysis and the position of tibial spur(Fig. 5A-C).

Description: Male(holotype). Total length 1.26. Habitus as in Fig. 6I. Carapace 0.62 long, 0.52 wide; fovea linear, distinct. Clypeus height 2.3 times of diameter of ALE. AER 0.10, PER 0.12. ALE 0.05, PME 0.04, PLE 0.05, ALE-PME 0.05, PLE-PME 0.02. Chelicera with eight promarginal and four minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.42 long, 0.34 wide. Labium 0.05 long, 0.10 wide. Endite bulged

out medially, and a little longer than wide(Fig. 7I). Leg measurements: I 3.07(0.85, 0.20, 0.82, 0.65, 0.55), II 2.52 (0.69, 0.18, 0.65, 0.53, 0.47), III 2.21(0.60, 0.17, 0.55, 0.49, 0.40), IV 3.08(0.83, 0.20, 0.86, 0.68, 0.51). Palp 1.07(0.42, 0.18, 0.21, 0.26). Leg I/c 4.95. Fem. I/c 1.37. Tib I/c 1.32.

IV/tar. IV 1.33. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I p0-0-0-1.

Tibiae; I v1-0; II v0-1-0; III d0-1; IV d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0-0- 1. Metatarsi; I v1-1-1; II p1-0, v0-1-0; III, p0-1-0; IV p1-0.

Fig. 6. Male dorsal views: A-Falcileptoneta bifurca n. sp.; B-Falcileptoneta boeunensis n. sp.; C-Falcileptoneta chiakensis n. sp.; D-Fal- cileptoneta cornuta n. sp.; E-Falcileptoneta digitalis n. sp.; F-Falcileptoneta hansanensis n. sp.; G-Falcileptoneta juwangensis n.

sp.; H-Falcileptoneta moakensis n. sp.; I-Falcileptoneta naejangenesis n. sp.; J-Falcileptoneta unmunensis n. sp. Scale lines: 0.5mm.

A

C

E

G

I

B

D

F

H

J

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Abdomen oval, 0.65 long, 0.46 wide. Palp(Figs. 5A-C, 8Q, R): femur without spine; tibia with two retrolateral apophyses and one spine on distal end, and with an anterior dorsal spur; tarsus unbranched, but with a ventral process and a transverse depression. Palpal bulb with an embolus bearing a sickle-like tip and three types of sclerite: prolateral sclerite needle-shaped; median sclerite longish shoehorn-like;

retrolateral sclerite transparently membranous.

AER 0.10, PER 0.13. ALE 0.05, PME 0.04, PLE 0.04, ALE-PME 0.05, PLE-PME 0.03. Chelicera with eight promarginal and five minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.43 long, 0.33 wide. Labium 0.08 long, 0.13 wide. Leg measurements: I 3.15(0.83, 0.22, 0.87, 0.68, 0.55), II 2.52(0.65, 0.20, 0.66, 0.55, 0.46), III 2.33(0.60, 0.20, 0.55, 0.52, 0.46), IV 3.17(0.86, 0.20, 0.94, 0.68, 0.49). Palp 1.03(0.33, 0.13, 0.23, 0.34). Leg I/c 4.57. Fem. I/c 1.20. Tib I/c 1.26. Met I/

IV 1.39. Leg spination pattern: Tibiae; I v1-0; III d1-1; IV d1-0-0, p0-0-0-1, r0-0-0-1. Metatarsi; II, III p1-0; IV p0- 1-0, v0-1-0. Abdomen oval, 0.88 long, 0.62 wide. Internal genitalia; spermatheca pear-shaped, and genital duct long, loosely coiled apically(Fig. 5D).

Falcileptoneta secula(Namkung,1987)n.comb.

마귀잔나비거미

Synonyms: Leptoneta secula Namkung, 1987: 84.

Falcileptoneta simboggulensis(Paik,1971)n.comb.

심복잔나비거미

Synonyms: Leptoneta simboggulensis Paik, 1971: 301.

Falcileptoneta yebongsanensis(Kim,Lee and Namkung,2004)n.comb.^{예봉잔나비거미}

Synonyms: Leptoneta yebongsanensis Kim, Lee and Nam- kung, 2004: 259.

Falcileptoneta yongdamgulensis(Paik and Namkung, 1969)n.comb.^{용담잔나비거미}

Synonyms: Leptoneta yongdamgulensis Paik and Nam- kung, 1969: 806.

Falcileptoneta unmunensis n.sp.^{운문잔나비거미}(^신칭) (Figs.5E-H,6J,7J,8S,T)

Material examined: Holotype: ♂, valley forest(35°38ʹ 48ʺN, 129°02ʹ03ʺE, alt. 507m), 6.9km east south-east of Umun Temple in Mt. Unmun, Unmun-myeon, Cheongdo- gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, October 15, 2010, S.Y. Kim. Para- type: 1♀, same data as holotype; 1♂, 1♀, mixed forest (35°22ʹ59ʺN, 129°04ʹ49ʺE, alt. 285m), 3.8km southwest of the summit of Mt. Cheonseong, Sangbuk-myeon, Yang- Fig. 7. Endites of male: A-Falcileptoneta bifurca n. sp.; B-Falcileptoneta boeunensis n. sp.; C-Falcileptoneta chiakensis n. sp.; D-Fal- cileptoneta cornuta n. sp.; E-Falcileptoneta digitalis n. sp.; F-Falcileptoneta hansanensis n. sp.; G-Falcileptoneta juwangensis n. sp.;

H-Falcileptoneta moakensis n. sp.; I-Falcileptoneta naejangenesis n. sp.; J-Falcileptoneta unmunensis n. sp. Scale lines: 0.1 mm.

F G H I J

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Fig. 8. Male palp: A, B-Falcileptoneta bifurca n. sp.; C, D-Falcileptoneta boeunensis n. sp.; E, F-Falcileptoneta chiakensis n. sp.; G, H -Falcileptoneta cornuta n. sp.; I, J-Falcileptoneta digitalis n. sp.; K, L-Falcileptoneta hansanensis n. sp.; M, N-Falcileptoneta ju- wangensis n. sp.; O, P-Falcileptoneta moakensis n. sp.; Q, R-Falcileptoneta naejangenesis n. sp.; S, T-Falcileptoneta unmunensis n.

sp. Scale lines: 0.1mm.

A B C D

E F G H

I J K L

M N O P

Q R S T

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ty, Mt. Unmum.

Diagnosis: The male palp of F. unmunensis n. sp. is very similar to that of Leptoneta jangsanensis Seo, 1989, but can be distinguished from the latter by the shape of embolus and the length of palpal femur, which is longer than combi- nation of patella and tibia(Figs. 5E, F, 8S, T).

Description: Male(holotype). Total length 1.93. Habitus as in Fig. 6J. Carapace 0.88 long, 0.78 wide; fovea linear, distinct. Clypeus height 2.2 times of diameter of ALE. AER 0.13, PER 0.17. ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, ALE-PME 0.08, PLE-PME 0.04. Chelicera with eight promarginal and six minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.62 long, 0.57 wide. Labium 0.12 long, 0.14 wide. Endite with a nodule, longer than wide(Fig. 7J). Leg measurements: I 6.67(1.78, 0.28, 1.98, 1.58, 1.05), II 5.14(1.40, 0.28, 1.45, 1.13, 0.88), III 4.31(1.18, 0.25, 1.13, 1.00, 0.75), IV 5.74(1.55, 0.28, 1.68, 1.35, 0.88). Palp 1.96(0.83, 0.43, 0.35, 0.35). Leg I/c 7.58. Fem. I/c 2.02. Tib I/c 2.25. Met I/c 1.80. Pat. I+tib. I/

c 2.57. Met. I/tar. I 1.50. Met. IV/tar. IV 1.53. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I p0-1-0. Tibiae; I p0-0-1-1, r0-1-1-1, v1- 1-0; II d1-1, p0-0-1, r0-1-1, v1-0-0; III, IV d1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1. Metatarsi; I v0-1-0; II, IV p0-1-0, v0-1-0; III, p0- 1-0, r0-1-0, v0-1-0. Abdomen oval, 1.18 long, 0.70 wide;

dorsum with hair patches on both ends, both sides and midst. Palp(Figs. 5E-G, 8S, T): femur without spine; tibia with two retrolateral apophyses on distal end, outer one leaf-like and inner one hook-like; tarsus branched, with a transverse depression. Palpal bulb with an embolus bearing a small hook-like tip and three types of sclerite: prolateral sclerite long narrrowleaf-like; median sclerite longish shoehorn-like; retrolateral sclerite transparently membranous.

AER 0.13, PER 0.17. ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, ALE-PME 0.09, PLE-PME 0.04. Chelicera with seven promarginal and five minute retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.60 long, 0.47 wide. Labium 0.09 long, 0.13 wide. Leg measurements: I 5.80(1.58, 0.28, 1.72, 1.28, 0.94), II 4.56(1.28, 0.26, 1.26, 0.98, 0.78), III 3.76(1.06, 0.24, 0.94, 0.86, 0.66), IV 5.10(1.40, 0.26, 1.46, 1.14, 0.84). Palp 1.54(0.52, 0.20, 0.36, 0.46). Leg I/c 7.07. Fem. I/c 1.93. Tib I/c 2.10. Met I/c 1.56. Pat. I+tib. I/c 2.44. Met. I/tar. I 1.36. Met. IV/tar. IV

d1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1. Metatarsi; I v0-1-0; II~IV p0-1-0, v0- 1-0. Abdomen oval, 0.96 long, 0.80 wide. Internal genitalia;

spermatheca pear-shaped, genital duct loosely coiled(Fig.

5H).

Habitat: Valley forest.

World Distribution: Korea(Gyeongsangbuk-do).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This work was supported by the grants of the National Institute of Biological Resources(NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment(MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR 2014-02-001; NIBR 201501201).

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Received: 1 September 2015 Revised: 15 September 2015 Revision accepted: 15 September 2015