An Additional Species of Leucospis (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Leucospidae), New to South Korea

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Leucospidae is a small and rarely collected family within Chalcidoidea, consisting of 148 species in four genera world- wide: Leucospis Fabricius, 1775; Polistomorpha Westwood, 1839; Micrapion Kriechbaumer, 1894; Neleucospis Bouček, 1974. Among them, the genus Leucospis is the largest genus in the family with 121 species worldwide: fourteen from the Eastern Palearctic and twenty-three from Oriental regions (Ye et al., 2017). Up to date only one species, Leucospis japonica Walker, 1871 has been known from South Korea (Paik, 1978).

Leucospidae can be easily distinguished from other chalcid families by the following characters: hind femur with one or more teeth; prepectus very narrow; tegula elongate, at least

two times as long as broad; forewing longitudinally folded;

ovipositor exserted and curved upward over metasoma. Also, most species of the family are known to be ectoparasitoids of solitary aculeate hymenopterans (Noyes, 2016; Ye et al., 2017).

In the present study, Leucospis sinensis Walker is newly recognized from South Korea. A diagnosis, biological information and photographs of the diagnostic characters are provided.

Materials and Methods

The terminology used in the present study follows that of Bouček (1974) and Ye et al. (2017). The images were captured with a Leica DFC 495 camera on a Leica M205A Stereozoom stereomicroscope (Leica, Microsystems, Solms, Germany).

The multi-stacked pictures were produced using the LAS

Short communication KOREAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY

한국응용곤충학회지 ⓒ The Korean Society of Applied Entomology

Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 56(4): 339-343 (2017) pISSN 1225-0171, eISSN 2287-545X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2017.09.0.018

An Additional Species of Leucospis (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Leucospidae), New to South Korea

Chang-Jun Kim, Jongok Lim ¹ and Il-Kwon Kim ¹ *

Division of Gardens and Education, Korea National Arboretum, Gyeonggi 11186, Korea

1

Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Gyeonggi 11186, Korea

한국산 밑들이벌속(벌목: 좀벌상과: 밑들이벌과)의 미기록 1종 보고

김창준ㆍ임종옥 ¹ ㆍ김일권 ¹ *

국립수목원 전시교육연구과, ¹국립수목원 산림생물조사과

ABSTRACT: Korean species of Leucospis Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Leucospidae) are reviewed, with one newly-recognized species, Leucospis sinensis Walker, 1860. An identification key to the Korean Leucospis species, diagnoses, biological information and photographs of diagnostic characters are provided in the present study.

Key words: Leucospis sinensis, Key, New record, South Korea

초 록 : 한국산 밑들이벌속의 분류학적 재검토를 수행한 결과, 미기록종인 짧은밑들이벌(Leucospis sinensis Walker, 1860) (신칭)의 국내분포를 처 음으로 보고한다. 한국산 밑들이벌속의 검색표, 식별형질, 생태정보, 주요 형질에 대한 사진을 함께 제시한다.

검색어: 짧은밑들이벌, 검색표, 미기록종, 한국

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Received June 16 2017; Revised September 14 2017

Accepted November 2 2017

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software (version 4.1.0., Leica Microsystems, Switzerland).

The figure plates were prepared using Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Adobe Systems Incorporated, San Jose, United States of America).

The following abbreviations are used throughout the text:

MS = the shortest distance between base of mandible and lower margin of compound eye; OOL = the shortest distance between posterior ocellus and compound eye; POD = posterior ocellus diameter; POL = the shortest distance between posterior ocelli; T1, T2, etc. = metasomal tergites 1, 2, etc; KNA = Korea National Arboretum; NHMUK = Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.

All examined specimens have been deposited in Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, South Korea.

Systematic accounts

Genus Leucospis Fabricius, 1775

Leucospis Fabricius, 1775: 361. Type species: Leucospis dorsigera Fabricius, 1775, by monotypy.

Diagnosis. Clypeus often transverse, its lower margin emarginated and with a median tooth; mandible bare at apex, always with strong lower tooth; maxillary palpi 4-segmented and labial palpi 3-segmented; OOL distinctly longer than POD; scutellum without cross-carina; propodeum often with median carina; hind femur with ventral tooth; hind tibia with outer spur always shorter than inner spur, frequently apex of hind tibia ventrally produced into a spine; female with ovipositor curved upward; male with T2 always transverse.

Biology. Ectoparasitoids of solitary aculeate Hymenoptera, mostly bees (Bouc ̌ek, 1974; Ye et al., 2017).

Distribution. Cosmopolitan.

Key to the Korean species of Leucospis

1. Hind femur with 12-14 small teeth ventrally, basal tooth larger than following teeth (Fig. 1B); T1 with two ovipositorial furrows (Fig. 1D); ovipositor sheath long-sized, reaching posterior margin of dorsellum (Figs. 1A-D) ··· L. japonica - Hind femur with 4 long and slender teeth, basal tooth

smaller than following four teeth (Fig. 2A); T1 with smooth

Fig. 1. Leucospis japonica Walker, 1871, female. A, Habitus in lateral view; B, Hind coxa and tibia, outer; C, Head and pronotum in dorsal

view; D, Metasoma in dorsal view.

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and weak median furrow (Fig. 2C); ovipositor sheath medium-sized, reaching only 0.8 length of T5 (Figs. 2B-C)

··· L. sinensis

Leucospis japonica Walker, 1871 밑들이벌 (Figs. 1A-D, 3A-B, 4A-C)

Leucospis japonica Walker, 1871: 56.

Leucospis exornata Walker, 1871: 57. Synonymized by Bouček (1974) [examined].

Leucospis japonica var. formosana Strand, 1911: 98.

Synonymized by Bouc ̌ek (1974).

Leucospis orientalis Weld, 1922: 28. Synonymized by Bouc ̌ek (1974).

Diagnosis of female. Body length 11.0-12.8 mm. Body mainly black, except scape yellow. Pronotum with two yellow transverse stripe. Mesoscutum with a pair of yellow oblique band posterolaterally. Mesoscutellum yellow transverse band posteriorly. Hind coxa yellow dorsally; hind femur yellow band sub-basally; wings brown. T1 yellow transverse band sub-medially; T5 broad yellow transverse band posteriorly;

epipygium with a pair of yellow small spots posterolaterally.

Fig. 2. Leucospis sinensis Walker, 1860, female. A, Hind coxa and tibia, outer; B, Habitus in lateral view; C, Metasoma in dorsal view; D, Head in frontal view; E, Head and pronotum in dorsal view; F, Mesosoma in dorsal view.

Fig. 3. Lectotype of L. exornata (= japonica), female (A and B) and Leucospis sinensis, female (C and D). A and C, Habitus in lateral view; B

and D, Habitus in dorsal view.

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Ratio of MS: OOL: POD: POL = 23: 25: 13: 35. Propodeum raised medially and emarginated posteriorly; median carina weak. Hind femur with 12-14 teeth ventrally, basal one largest.

Hind tibia with a spine ventroapically. T1 with two ovipositorial furrows; ovipositor sheath long-sized, reaching posterior margin of dorsellum.

Type material examined. Lectotype of Leucospis exornata,

♀ (NHMUK), “[CHINA], Hong Kong”, “B.M. Type Hym.

5.82”, NHMUK010370219, designated by Bouček (1974).

Additional material examined. SOUTH KOREA: 2 ♀♀, Daeti-gol, Yonghwa-ri, Ilweol-myeon, Yeongyang-gun, Gyeong- sangbuk-do, Alt. 581 m, 36°49'25.4"N, 129°06'44.7"E, 09.VII.2013, J.O. Lim, J.S. Lim, S.M. Oh & G.H. Go leg. (KNA); 2♀♀, Namsan-ri, Gakbuk-myeon, Cheongdo-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 35°41'34.0"N, 128°34'09.6"E, 31.VII-21.VIII.2017, J.W. Lee (KNA); 1♀, Soheul-eup, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 37°45'09.6"N, 127°09'04"E, 12-30.VI.2017, J.W. Nam, M.H. Kim & M.C.

Kim leg. (KNA).

Biology. Parasitoids of Megachile disjunctiformis Cockerell, M. nipponica Cockerell, M. sculpturalis Smith, Osmia excavata

Alfken and O. taurus Smith (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Mega- chilidae); Sceliphron inflexam Sickmann and Isodontia nigella (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae); Anterhynchium flavopunctatum (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Vespidae:

Eumeninae) (Bouček, 1974).

Distribution. China, India, Japan, Nepal, Russia, South Korea.

Leucospis sinensis Walker, 1860 짧은밑들이벌 (신칭) (Figs.

2A-F, 3C-D)

Leucospis sinensis Walker, 1860: 18 [examined].

Leucaspis okinawensis Matsumura, 1912: 164. Synonymized by Bouček (1974).

Leucospis fuliginosa Weld, 1922: 18. Synonymized by Bouc ̌ek (1974).

Diagnosis of female. Body length 14.1 mm. Body mainly

black, except scape partly yellow. Pronotum with two long

yellow to reddish brown transverse stripe. Mesoscutum with a

pair of brown oblique band posterolaterally. Mesoscutellum

yellowish brown to brown. Propodeum with yellow spot

Fig. 4. Oviposition of Leucospis japonica. A and C, Ovipositing into the nest of a megachilid species; B, Ovipositing into the nest of a

sphecid species.

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posteromedially; metapleuron partly brown. Hind coxa reddish brown apically; hind femur two yellow band ventrobasally and dorsoapically. Wings brown. T1 broad yellow transverse band posteriorly; T5 broad yellow transverse band posteriorly. Ratio of MS: OOL: POD: POL = 22: 25: 16: 42. Propodeum raised medially; median carina weak. Hind femur with nine teeth ventrally. Hind tibia with a spine ventroapically. T5 and T6 with a ovipositorial furrow; T1 with a smooth and weak median furrow; ovipositor sheath medium-sized, reaching 0.8 length of T5.

Type material examined. Lectotype, ♀ (NHMUK), “CHINA, Shanghai, Zi-ka-wei”, “B.M. Type Hym. 5.81”, “L. sinensis Walker”, “Lectotype”, NHMUK010370188, designated by Bouc ̌ek (1974).

Additional material examined. SOUTH KOREA: 1 ♀, Korea National Arboretum, Gwangneung, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15-31.VII.2015 (Malaise trap), I.K. Kim leg. (KNA).

Biology. Parasitoids of Sphex nigellus Smith (Hymenoptera:

Vespoidea: Sphecidae) (Bouc ̌ek, 1974).

Distribution. South Korea (new record), China, Japan.

Remarks. In a female from South Korea, the mesoscutellum is uniformly yellowish brown to brown (mesoscutellum black with curved reddish brown band posteriorly in the holotype).

Acknowledgements

The authors thank to Dr. Natalie Dale-Skey Papilloud (The Natural History Museum, London, UK) for providing photos of the lectotypes of L. exornata Walker (=L. japonica) and L.

sinensis Walker. Also, special thanks go to Park, Hyeon Kyu and Lee, Hyun Mi for providing of the great images of ovipositing L. japonica. This work was supported by Korea National Arboretum (KNA) of the Republic of Korea (as Project no. KNA1-1-15, 14-3).

An Additional Species of Leucospis (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Leucospidae), New to South Korea

Leucospidae can be easily distinguished from other chalcid families by the following characters: hind femur with one or more teeth; prepectus very narrow; tegula elongate, at least

two times as long as broad; forewing longitudinally folded;

ovipositor exserted and curved upward over metasoma. Also, most species of the family are known to be ectoparasitoids of solitary aculeate hymenopterans (Noyes, 2016; Ye et al., 2017).

In the present study, Leucospis sinensis Walker is newly recognized from South Korea. A diagnosis, biological information and photographs of the diagnostic characters are provided.

Materials and Methods

The terminology used in the present study follows that of Bouček (1974) and Ye et al. (2017). The images were captured with a Leica DFC 495 camera on a Leica M205A Stereozoom stereomicroscope (Leica, Microsystems, Solms, Germany).

The multi-stacked pictures were produced using the LAS

Short communication KOREAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY

한국응용곤충학회지 ⓒ The Korean Society of Applied Entomology

Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 56(4): 339-343 (2017) pISSN 1225-0171, eISSN 2287-545X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2017.09.0.018

An Additional Species of Leucospis (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Leucospidae), New to South Korea

Chang-Jun Kim, Jongok Lim 1 and Il-Kwon Kim 1 *

Division of Gardens and Education, Korea National Arboretum, Gyeonggi 11186, Korea

Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Gyeonggi 11186, Korea

김창준ㆍ임종옥 1 ㆍ김일권 1 *

Key words: Leucospis sinensis, Key, New record, South Korea

검색어: 짧은밑들이벌, 검색표, 미기록종, 한국

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Received June 16 2017; Revised September 14 2017

Accepted November 2 2017

software (version 4.1.0., Leica Microsystems, Switzerland).

The figure plates were prepared using Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Adobe Systems Incorporated, San Jose, United States of America).

The following abbreviations are used throughout the text:

All examined specimens have been deposited in Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, South Korea.

Systematic accounts

Genus Leucospis Fabricius, 1775

Leucospis Fabricius, 1775: 361. Type species: Leucospis dorsigera Fabricius, 1775, by monotypy.

Biology. Ectoparasitoids of solitary aculeate Hymenoptera, mostly bees (Bouc ̌ek, 1974; Ye et al., 2017).

Distribution. Cosmopolitan.

Key to the Korean species of Leucospis

smaller than following four teeth (Fig. 2A); T1 with smooth

Fig. 1. Leucospis japonica Walker, 1871, female. A, Habitus in lateral view; B, Hind coxa and tibia, outer; C, Head and pronotum in dorsal

view; D, Metasoma in dorsal view.

and weak median furrow (Fig. 2C); ovipositor sheath medium-sized, reaching only 0.8 length of T5 (Figs. 2B-C)

··· L. sinensis

Leucospis japonica Walker, 1871 밑들이벌 (Figs. 1A-D, 3A-B, 4A-C)

Leucospis japonica Walker, 1871: 56.

Leucospis exornata Walker, 1871: 57. Synonymized by Bouček (1974) [examined].

Leucospis japonica var. formosana Strand, 1911: 98.

Synonymized by Bouc ̌ek (1974).

Leucospis orientalis Weld, 1922: 28. Synonymized by Bouc ̌ek (1974).

epipygium with a pair of yellow small spots posterolaterally.

Fig. 2. Leucospis sinensis Walker, 1860, female. A, Hind coxa and tibia, outer; B, Habitus in lateral view; C, Metasoma in dorsal view; D, Head in frontal view; E, Head and pronotum in dorsal view; F, Mesosoma in dorsal view.

Fig. 3. Lectotype of L. exornata (= japonica), female (A and B) and Leucospis sinensis, female (C and D). A and C, Habitus in lateral view; B

and D, Habitus in dorsal view.

Ratio of MS: OOL: POD: POL = 23: 25: 13: 35. Propodeum raised medially and emarginated posteriorly; median carina weak. Hind femur with 12-14 teeth ventrally, basal one largest.

Hind tibia with a spine ventroapically. T1 with two ovipositorial furrows; ovipositor sheath long-sized, reaching posterior margin of dorsellum.

Type material examined. Lectotype of Leucospis exornata,

♀ (NHMUK), “[CHINA], Hong Kong”, “B.M. Type Hym.

5.82”, NHMUK010370219, designated by Bouček (1974).

Kim leg. (KNA).

Biology. Parasitoids of Megachile disjunctiformis Cockerell, M. nipponica Cockerell, M. sculpturalis Smith, Osmia excavata

Alfken and O. taurus Smith (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Mega- chilidae); Sceliphron inflexam Sickmann and Isodontia nigella (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae); Anterhynchium flavopunctatum (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Vespidae:

Eumeninae) (Bouček, 1974).

Distribution. China, India, Japan, Nepal, Russia, South Korea.

Leucospis sinensis Walker, 1860 짧은밑들이벌 (신칭) (Figs.

2A-F, 3C-D)

Leucospis sinensis Walker, 1860: 18 [examined].

Leucaspis okinawensis Matsumura, 1912: 164. Synonymized by Bouček (1974).

Leucospis fuliginosa Weld, 1922: 18. Synonymized by Bouc ̌ek (1974).

Diagnosis of female. Body length 14.1 mm. Body mainly

black, except scape partly yellow. Pronotum with two long

yellow to reddish brown transverse stripe. Mesoscutum with a

pair of brown oblique band posterolaterally. Mesoscutellum

yellowish brown to brown. Propodeum with yellow spot

Fig. 4. Oviposition of Leucospis japonica. A and C, Ovipositing into the nest of a megachilid species; B, Ovipositing into the nest of a

sphecid species.

Type material examined. Lectotype, ♀ (NHMUK), “CHINA, Shanghai, Zi-ka-wei”, “B.M. Type Hym. 5.81”, “L. sinensis Walker”, “Lectotype”, NHMUK010370188, designated by Bouc ̌ek (1974).

Additional material examined. SOUTH KOREA: 1 ♀, Korea National Arboretum, Gwangneung, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15-31.VII.2015 (Malaise trap), I.K. Kim leg. (KNA).

Biology. Parasitoids of Sphex nigellus Smith (Hymenoptera:

Vespoidea: Sphecidae) (Bouc ̌ek, 1974).

Distribution. South Korea (new record), China, Japan.

Remarks. In a female from South Korea, the mesoscutellum is uniformly yellowish brown to brown (mesoscutellum black with curved reddish brown band posteriorly in the holotype).

Acknowledgements

The authors thank to Dr. Natalie Dale-Skey Papilloud (The Natural History Museum, London, UK) for providing photos of the lectotypes of L. exornata Walker (=L. japonica) and L.

sinensis Walker. Also, special thanks go to Park, Hyeon Kyu and Lee, Hyun Mi for providing of the great images of ovipositing L. japonica. This work was supported by Korea National Arboretum (KNA) of the Republic of Korea (as Project no. KNA1-1-15, 14-3).

Literature Cited

Bouc ̌ek, Z., 1974. A revision of the Leucospidae (Hymenoptera:

Chang-Jun Kim, Jongok Lim ¹ and Il-Kwon Kim ¹ *

김창준ㆍ임종옥 ¹ ㆍ김일권 ¹ *