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Variations in Demersal Fish Assemblage in the Southern Coast of East Sea, Korea

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Copyright © 2018 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815

서 론

연구해역은동해남부부산광역시와울산광역시경계에위치 해역으로해안선이단조롭고외양으로갈수록수심이급격 깊어지는전형적인동해연안의지형적특징을가지고

.

동해는반폐쇄형연안해

(marginal sea)

동해의생태계는 북쪽에서연안을따라남하하는북한한류와남쪽에서북상하 고온

/

고염의대마난류의영향을받는특징을가지고있다

(Naganuma, 2000; Lee et al., 2009).

또한

,

동해남부연안에 서는여름철에해류와바람의영향을받아저층수의용승에 냉수대가자주출현하며

(Kim and Kim, 1983),

이러한 승현상에의해풍부한영양염이공급되어생산력이높고먹이 생물이풍부하여때때로상업성어종들의성육장

,

월동장또는 섭이장의역할을하기도한다

.

예를들어용가자미

(Cleisthenes pinetorum),

꼼치

(Liparis tanakae)

상업성저어류의 미성

(juvenile)

연구해역주변에서식하는 것으로보고되었다

(Park, 2010).

그러나

,

최근동해에서기후변화에따른대마난 류의강한북쪽으로확장에의해생물군집의변화가관찰되 있다

(Kang et al., 2000; Tian et al., 2011; Park et al., 2017).

지금까지 연구해역 주변에서는 다양한 어구

(

저인망

,

삼각

,

통발

)

사용한어류군집연구가수행되었다

(Jo, 2001;

Choo, 2007; Baeck et al., 2010; Park and Huh, 2015).

과거 구들은어류채집에사용된어구종류에따라어류종조성의 이가나타났고

,

이는어종의생태적특성또는수괴에서 특성에따른결과로판단되었다

.

반면

,

연구와동일어구

(

저인망

)

사용한과거연구들은유사한우점종분포를보였다

(Jo, 2001; Choo, 2007).

그러나과거연구들은어류군집구조 공간적차이에대하여조사하지않았고

,

이러한군집구조 이에어떤요인이어느정도의영향을미치는지에관하여고려 하지않았다

.

생물군집구조의시공간변화는다양한요인에

동해 남부 연안에서 출현하는 저어류 군집구조의 변화

박주면·백근욱

1

·허성회

2

*

강릉원주대학교 해양자원육성학과, 1경상대학교 해양식품생명의학과, 2부경대학교 해양학과

Variations in Demersal Fish Assemblage in the Southern Coast of East Sea, Korea

Joo Myun Park, Gun Wook Baeck

1

and Sung-Hoi Huh

2

*

Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea

1Department of Seafood and Aquaculture Science, College of Marine Science, Gyeonsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea

2Department of Oceanography, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea

We investigated temporal and depth-related variation in species composition and abundance of the fish assemblage in the southern East Sea. Fish samples were collected seasonally between 2007 and 2008 using a demersal trawl off the southern coast of Korea. We identified 59 fish species belonging to 41 families. The most frequently occurring spe- cies was Coelorinchus multispinulosus , followed by Lophius litulon , Acropoma japonicum and Apogon lineatus . The five most abundant species were A. lineatus , A. japonicum , Myctophum nitidulum , Engraulis japonicus and C . mul- tispinulosus , accounting for 87.04% of the total number of individuals collected. The number of species, abundance and diversity fluctuated with sampling location and time. Permutational multivariate analyses of variance revealed that the assemblage structure was influenced by year, season and water depth, with season being the main indicator.

These changes were visually emphasized using non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination plots. Fluctuations in assemblage structure were due to differential contributions of the dominant species.

Key words: Fish assemblage, Temporal variation, Water depth, Trawl fisheries, East Sea

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

https://doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2018.0426 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 51(4) 426-434, August 2018 Received 3 May 2018; Revised 29 May 2018; Accepted 5 June 2018

*Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 51. 629. 6570 Fax: +82. 51. 629. 6568

E-mail address: [email protected]

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인망을이용하여채집한어류군집의종조성과군집구조가 간과공간에따라차이를나타냈는지조사하였다

.

연구결과 향후동해안장기간어류군집변화를예측하기위한기초자 료가것이다

.

재료 및 방법

연구에사용된시료는한국동해남부연안해역의수심

30- 70 m

에서

2007

년과

2008

년에계절별로소형기선저인망

(

길이

, 20 m;

, 4 m;

날개그물의망목

, 3 cm;

자루그물의망목

, 1 cm)

이용하여채집하였다

(Fig. 1).

수심에따른어류군집 이를비교하기위하여

30-40 m, 40-50 m, 50-60 m, 60-70 m

이에서등심선을따라수심에서계절별

1

회씩그물을예인 하였다

. 2007

겨울에는

50-60 m

60-70 m

에서각각

2

료를채집하였고

, 2

평균값을사용하였다

.

시료채집은 심별로

30

분간평균

2 knot (

3.7 km/h)

속도로저인망을 인하였고

, 1

채집예인면적은

7,400 m

2이었다

.

집된어류의현존량은단위면적당

(10,000 m

2

)

으로나타냈다

.

계절은겨울

(2

),

(5

),

여름

(8

),

가을

(11

)

구분하여 조사를진행하였다

.

어류의출현량변동에영향을미치는환경 요인을측정하기위하여표층과저층

(10, 20, 30, 50, 60 m)

온을

CTD (conductivity temperature depth; SBE19, Sea-Bird Electronics, USA)

이용하여측정하였다

.

채집된시료는 장에서

ice box

보관하여실험실로운반한

,

종별로개체수 생체량

(0.1 g)

측정하였다

.

월별 어류 군집 구조를 비교하기 위하여

Shannon and

Wiener

종다양도지수

(H')

구하였다

(Shannon and Weaver,

1949).

현존량자료는우점종에대한영향을최소화하기위하

분석전에로그변환

(log

10

[x+1])

실시하였다

.

연도

,

계절

,

수심에따른어종수

,

현존량

,

다양도의차이를분석하기위하여 분산분석

(three-way ANOVAs)

실시하였고

,

모든변수는 정변수

(fixed factor)

지정하였다

.

연도

,

계절

,

수심별어류 군집구조의차이를분석하기 위하

,

로그변환한 어류현존량자료는

Bray-Curtis similarity

이용하여유사도매트릭스를구축하였고

, nMDS (non-metric multidimensional scaling) ordination

이용하여시각화하였

(Clarke et al., 2006).

이후요인

(

연도

,

계절

,

수심

)

3

인의상호효과의유의성을분석하기위하여

, three-way PER- MANOVAs (permutational multivariate analyses of variance)

실시하였다

. PERMANOVA

샘플간 거리를 이용한 모수

(non-parametric)

분산분석으로

,

가설을검증하기위하여

permutation

방법을사용한다

. PERMANOVA

또한 인과상호효과의기여정도에대하여

components of variation

(COV)

부여한다

.

높은

COV

값은특정요인또는상호효과

자료구조를결정하는데영향을나타냄을 지시한다

(Anderson et al., 2008; Linke 2011). PERMANOVA

결과 군집구조에서유의한차이가나타났을경우

(P<0.05), CAP (canonical analyses of principal coordinates)

통하여어류 집을구분하였고

,

어떤어종이그룹을구분하는데기여하였 는지

,

또는상호연관성이높은지를 분석하였다

(Anderson et al., 2008).

어종의상대적기여도는상호연관계수

(correla- tion coefficients) 0.5

이상을나타내는어종을이용하였다

.

분산분석을 위해

SYSTAT software

이용하였고

(Systat version 18, SPSS Inc., Chicago),

다변량분석은

PRIMER v7 multivariate statistics package (www.primer-e.com)

PERMANOVA+add-on module

이용하여수행하였다

(An- derson et al., 2008; Clarke and Gorley, 2015).

결 과

수심별 수온변동

조사해역의 표층 수온은

12.7-22.8℃

범위를 보였는데

, 2007

겨울에가장낮았고

, 2008

여름에가장높았다

(Fig.

2).

저층수온은대부분조사시기에서수심증가에따라감소하 경향을보였으나

,

겨울과봄에는표층수온과차이를보이 않았다

.

여름철에는수심증가에따라수온이급격히감소하 경향을보였는데

, 2007

여름에는

30-60 m, 2008

여름에

10-20 m

사이에서급격히감소하였다

.

특히

, 60 m

수온은 Fig. 1. Location of the study area in the southern coast of East Sea, Korea. Samples were collected along the four isobath con- tours (between 30-40 m, 40-50 m, 50-60 m and 60-70 m) within boxed area.

(3)

2007

여름과

2008

가을에최저치를보였다

(11.0-10.4℃).

2008

가을에는

2007

년에비해비교적높은수온분포를보였

는데

,

표층에서수심

30 m

까지는

20℃

내외의값을나타냈고

,

수심

50 m

이하에서수온이급격히감소하였다

.

어류 군집의 종조성

조사기간동안

41

과에속하는

59

, 35,880

개체

, 505,468.1 g

어류가채집되었다

(Table 1).

34

채집에서줄비늘치

(Coelorinchus multispinulosus)

출현빈도가가장높았으며

(88.2%),

다음으로황아귀

(Lophius litulon) (85.3%),

반딧불 게르치

(Acropoma japonicum) (82.4%),

열동가리돔

(Apogon lineatus) (82.4%)

순으로높았다

(Table 1).

출현빈도

50%

(17

이상출현

)

나타낸어종은

7

종이었으며

, 12

종은

1

(2.9%)

출현하였다

.

현존량에서가장많이채집된종은

열동가리돔으로전체채집개체수의

34.51%

차지하였다

.

다음으로반딧불게르치와샛비늘치

(Myctophum nitidulum)

각각전체채집개체수의

26.89%

18.03%

차지하였다

.

다음으로멸치

(Engraulis japonicus),

줄비늘치순으로많이 집되었는데상기

5

종은

700

개체

/10,000 m

2이상채집되었으며

전체채집개체수의

87.04%

차지하였다

.

생체량에서는황아

귀가전체채집생체량의

29.21%,

꼼치가

16.64%

차지하였

.

다음으로반딧불게르치

,

성대

(Chelidonichthys kumu),

열동가리돔순으로채집되었는데

,

상기

5

어종은전체채집 체량의

72.06%

차지하였다

.

어류 군집의 변화: 연도, 계절, 수심의 영향

조사기간동안채집된어류군집의종수

,

현존량

,

종다양도는

연도

,

계절

,

수심에따라차이를보였다

(Fig. 3).

평균어종수는 연도별

,

수심별차이를보이지않았지만

,

계절별로여름에 교적적은어종이출현하였다

.

평균현존량은

2008

년에 았으며

,

가을과수심

60-70 m

에서다른계절과수심에비해 교적낮은값을나타냈다

.

종다양도지수또한연도별

,

수실별로 차이를보이지않았지만

,

여름에상대적으로낮고가을에 경향을나타냈다

. Three-way ANOVAs

결과

,

오직종수만 계절에따라유의한차이를보였으며

(P<0.05),

현존량과다양 도는연도

,

계절

,

수심에따라유의한차이가없었다

.

그리고

2

요인

(two-way)

또는

3

요인

(three-way)

상호효과또한통계 Fig. 2. Seasonal and depth-related variations in water temperature

in the southern coast of East Sea, Korea.

Fig. 3. Variations in mean number of species (A), abundance (B) and diversity (C) of fish assemblages with respect to year, season and depth. Bars represent standard deviations. n.s, no significance;

*, significant at P=0.05.

(4)

Acropomatidae Acropoma japonicum 28 82.4 9,647 26.89 50,438.2 9.98

Doederleinia berycoides 12 35.3 77 0.21 2,384.4 0.47

Malakichthys wakiyae 4 11.8 11 0.03 34.6 <0.01

Aploactinidae Erisphex pottii 4 11.8 7 0.02 20.9 <0.01

Apogonidae Apogon lineatus 28 82.4 12,381 34.51 33,761.6 6.68

Ostorhinchus semilineatus 2 5.9 12 0.03 28.0 <0.01

Argentinidae Glossanodon semifasciatus 1 2.9 1 <0.01 56.1 0.01

Bothidae Laeops kitaharae 2 5.9 3 <0.01 9.5 <0.01

Callionymidae Callionymus lunatus 16 47.1 89 0.25 1,269.3 0.25

Callionymus sp.A 3 8.8 18 0.05 243.6 0.05

Callionymus sp.B 1 2.9 8 0.02 99.8 0.02

Callionymus valenciennei 8 23.5 35 0.10 372.1 0.07

Carangidae Trachurus japonicus 14 41.2 128 0.36 1,059.2 0.21

Centrolophidae Psenopsis anomala 11 32.4 135 0.38 8,999.2 1.78

Champsodontidae Champsodon snyderi 4 11.8 8 0.02 25.3 <0.01

Clupeidae Clupea pallasii 13 38.2 659 1.84 3,845.7 0.76

Sardinella zunasi 1 2.9 1 <0.01 24.6 <0.01

Congridae Conger myriaster 25 73.5 112 0.31 6,201.6 1.23

Cynoglossidae Cynoglossus joyneri 10 29.4 42 0.12 1,752.2 0.35

Cynoglossus robustus 9 26.5 23 0.06 800.2 0.16

Engraulidae Coilia nasus 8 23.5 66 0.18 2,306.1 0.46

Engraulis japonicus 15 44.1 2,001 5.58 13,280.2 2.63

Gadidae Gadus macrocephalus 7 20.6 312 0.87 810.3 0.16

Gobiidae Amblychaeturichthys hexanema 6 17.6 24 0.07 211.0 0.04

Chaeturichthys sciistius 4 11.8 26 0.07 82.2 0.02

Hemitripteridae Hemitripterus villosus 1 2.9 1 <0.01 256.9 0.05

Leiognathidae Nuchequula nuchalis 6 17.6 26 0.07 394.0 0.08

Liparidae Liparis agassizii 1 2.9 1 <0.01 46.6 <0.01

Liparis tanakae 13 38.2 662 1.85 84,129.2 16.64

Lophiidae Lophius litulon 29 85.3 428 1.19 147,643.0 29.21

Macrouridae Coelorinchus multispinulosus 30 88.2 731 2.04 7,671.0 1.52

Mullidae Upeneus japonicus 2 5.9 4 0.01 42.6 <0.01

Myctophidae Myctophum nitidulum 9 26.5 6,469 18.03 11,461.1 2.27

Nemipteridae Parascolopsis inermis 1 2.9 1 <0.01 38.5 <0.01

Ophidiidae Neobythites sivicola 2 5.9 4 0.01 18.6 <0.01

Paralichthyidae Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus 20 58.8 195 0.54 17,270.0 3.42

Pholidae Pholis nebulosa 1 2.9 1 <0.01 67.2 0.01

Pleuronectidae Cleisthenes pinetorum 14 41.2 339 0.95 11,730.9 2.32

Eopsetta grigorjewi 9 26.5 74 0.21 2,675.5 0.53

Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae 13 38.2 31 0.09 3,718.2 0.74

Rajidae Okamejei kenojei 3 8.8 14 0.04 537.4 0.11

(5)

유의성이없었다

.

조사해역의어류군집은연도

,

계절

,

수심에따라

nMDS ordi- nation plot

에서공간적으로구분되었다

(Fig. 4).

연도별로

2007

어류군집은

nMDS plot

중앙에서상하부에위치해있고

,

2008

어류군집은중앙에서세로로분포해있었다

.

계절별로

겨울그룹은그림의상부

,

그룹은오른쪽

,

가을그룹은중앙

위치해있었다

.

특히

,

여름그룹은연도별로차이를보였는

, 2007

여름그룹은중앙의하부에위치해있었고

, 2008

여름그룹은왼쪽상부에위치해있었다

.

그러나수심에따른 군집은

nMDS plot

에서뚜렷이구분되지않았다

. Three-way

PERMANOVAs

결과조사해역의어류군집구조는연도

,

,

수심에따라유의한차이를보였다

(Table 2).

연도

,

계절

,

심에대한상호효과를봤을

,

연도

×

계절에대한상호효과와

3

요인의상호효과는유의하였지만

,

연도

×

수심또는수심

×

절의상호효과는유의한영향이없었다

.

요인또는상호효과 대한

COV

값은연도

×

계절의상호효과에서가장높았고

,

다음으로계절의효과가높은값을보였다

.

PERMANOVA

결과연구해역의어류군집은계절과

,

연도

-

계절의상호효과에유의한영향을받았기때문에

,

연도와계절 상호영향을고려하여

CAP

분석을실시하였다

(Fig. 5). CAP

분석결과어류군집은연도와계절에따라유의한차이를나타 냈다

(tr=5.730; P=0.001; 999 permutations). CAP plot

에서

,

10

종이

correlation vector 0.5

이상을나타냈는데

,

대부분어종 겨울군집과상호연관성이높았다

(Fig. 5).

꼼치

,

샛비 늘치

,

참서대

(Cynoglossus joyneri),

황아귀는군집을다른 계절과구분하는데기여하였고

,

황아귀는

2007

군집

,

,

샛비늘치

,

참서대는

2008

군집을구분하는데기여하 였다

.

개서대

(Cynoglossus robustus)

점넙치

(Pseudorhom- bus pentophthalmus)

겨울군집을대표하는어종이었고

,

딧불게르치와샛돔

(Psenopsis anomala)

2008

여름군집과 Table 1. Continued

Family Scientific name F %F N %N W %W

Sciaenidae Pennahia argentata 6 17.6 11 0.03 206.6 0.04

Scombropidae Scombrops boops 1 2.9 54 0.15 174.8 0.03

Sebastidae Sebastiscus tertius 2 5.9 7 0.02 532.6 0.11

Helicolenus hilgendorfii 3 8.8 35 0.10 2,025.7 0.40

Sillaginidae Sillago japonica 3 8.8 18 0.05 597.7 0.12

Sphyraenidae Sphyraena pinguis 4 11.8 7 0.02 397.3 0.08

Stromateidae Pampus echinogaster 1 2.9 1 <0.01 161.9 0.03

Synodontidae Saurida tumbil 2 5.9 3 <0.01 123.8 0.02

Tetrarogidae Paracentropogon rubripinnis 2 5.9 34 0.09 145.1 0.03

Trichiuridae Trichiurus lepturus 13 38.2 224 0.63 12,225.5 2.42

Triglidae Chelidonichthys kumu 17 50.0 574 1.60 48,281.2 9.55

Lepidotrigla guentheri 7 20.6 14 0.04 565.2 0.11

Lepidotrigla microptera 1 2.9 1 <0.01 254.9 0.05

Uranoscopidae Uranoscopus japonicus 1 2.9 1 <0.01 352.2 0.07

Xenocephalus elongatus 1 122.9 1 <0.01 163.7 0.03

Zeidae Zeus faber 12 35.3 57 0.16 20,889.3 4.13

Zenopsis nebulosa 2 5.9 5 0.02 1,785.8 0.35

Zoarcidae Zoarces gillii 5 14.7 22 0.06 768.2 0.15

Fig. 4. nMDS ordination of fish assemblages constructed from Bray-Curtis similarity matrices of the four depths and four sea- sons. open symbols=2007, grey symbols=2008; triangle=winter, cycle=spring, square=summer, diamond=autumn; ‘a’=30-40 m,

‘b’=40-50 m, ‘c’=50-60 m, ‘d’=60-70m.

(6)

어류군집차이에대한우점종의영향을분석하기위하여

,

9

우점종을대상으로연도별

,

계절별평균현존량변동을 조사하였다

(Fig. 6).

열동가리돔의평균현존량은

2007

겨울 매우높은값을보였고

,

봄에는평균

300-400

개체

/10,000 m

2 출현하였으나

,

여름과가을에는매우낮은평균현존량을 였다

(Fig. 6a).

반딧불게르치와샛비늘치는각각

2008

여름 봄에대부분의개체가출현하였고

,

계절에는출현개체 없거나

,

소수의개체만출현하였다

(Fig. 6b, 6c).

멸치와청어

(Clupea pallasii)

모두

2007

여름철에만높은현존량 보였고

(Fig. 6d, 6g),

꼼치는봄철에대부분개체가출현하였

(Fig. 6f).

줄비늘치와황아귀는다른우점종에비해연도별

,

계절별평균현존량의변동을보이지않았다

(Fig. 6e, 6i).

대는연도에상관없이가을에높은평균현존량을보였고

,

다른 계절에는평균현존량이다소낮았다

(Fig. 6h).

고 찰

연구는

8

회의계절별저인망조사에서

59

종의어류 채집하였다

.

연구와같은해역에서연구된어류군집

,

연구와동일한어구를사용한저인망조사에서는

1

월별

12

채집에의해

73-99

종이채집되었고

(Jo, 2001;

Choo, 2007),

삼각망조사에서는

59

(Baeck et al., 2010), 4

16

통발조사에서는

32

종이채집되었다

(Park and Huh,

2015).

연구에서채집된어종수는과거저인망조사에비해

적었고

,

통발조사보다는많았지만

,

삼각망조사와는같았다

.

일반적으로생물군집조사에서채집횟수가증가할수록채집 되는어종수가증가하는경향을보인다

(Shin and Lee, 1990).

또한

,

동일한지역에서동일한시기에어류를채집할경우

,

인망조사가넓은지역에서식하는어류를어종선택성을최소 화하여채집하기때문에

,

다른어구

(

자망

,

통발

,

정치망

)

사용 비해다양한어종이채집된다

(An, 2002).

따라서

,

연구

1

년간월별조사가아닌계절별조사로인해과거저인망 사에비해채집어종수가적었지만

,

저인망조사의특성상비교 많은어종이채집되었다

.

채집된어류중에서열동가리돔과반딧불게르치가전체 집개체수의

60%

이상을차지하여가장우점하였다

(Table 1).

조사와같은해역에서연구된어류군집연구에서통발에서 붕장어

(Conger myriaster) (Park and Huh, 2015),

삼각망 에서는전갱이

(Trachurus japonicus)

숭어

(Mugil cephalus)

Fig. 5. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) ordina- tion plots of fish assemblages to assess differences among terms of year-season interaction. Species correlations with each canonical axis are represented as vectors for species with correlations greater than 0.5. Vectors represent Pearson correlations and the circle indi- cates a correlation of 1. open symbols=2007, grey symbols=2008;

triangle=winter, cycle=spring, square=summer, diamond=autumn.

Species abbreviations: Acja, Acropoma japonicum; Apli, Apogon lineatus; Calu, Callionymus lunatus; Cyjo, Cynoglossus joyneri;

Cyro, Cynoglossus robustus; Lita, Liparis tanakae; Loli, Lophius litulon; Myni, Myctophum nitidulum; Psan, Psenopsis anomala;

Pspe, Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus.

Table 2. Mean squares (MS), pseudo-F ratios, significance levels (P) and component of variable (COV) for a series of PERMANO- VA tests, employing Bray-Curtis similarity matrices derived from the abundance of fish assemblages for differences in response to year, season, depth and interactions of three factors. Bold values indicated statistical significance (P<0.05)

Source df MS Pseudo-F P COV

Main test

Year 1 4731.2 8.395 0.009 15.885

Season 3 10732.0 19.042 0.001 35.052

Depth 3 1685.4 2.990 0.048 11.651

Interaction

Year×Season 3 6423.0 11.397 0.001 37.630

Year×Depth 3 1405.0 2.493 0.116 14.270

Season×Depth 9 893.5 1.585 0.141 12.611 Year×Season×Depth 9 1229.5 2.182 0.035 25.339 Residuals 2 563.6

df, degree of freedom; MS, mean square; P, statistical significance;

COV, component of variation.

(7)

(Baeck et al., 2010)

우점종이었다

.

이와같이채집어구에 우점종의차이는어구에의한어종선택성의차이

,

서식지 수심별어종의차이때문으로생각된다

.

,

통발에서는저어

(benthic fish),

삼각망에서는부어류

(pelagic fish)

우점종 으로채집된반면

,

저인망에서는반저서성어류

(semi-benthic fish)

우점종이었다

.

국내에서연구와유사한어구

(

저인망

)

사용하여수행된많은어류군집조사에서도반저서성어류 우점종으로보고하였다

(e.g. Huh and An, 2000; Jeong et al., 2014).

또한

,

동해에서같은어구

(

저인망

)

이용한어류 연구를살펴보면

,

포항영일만

(

하구역

,

수심

15-30 m)

에서 돛양태

(Callionymus lunatus),

두줄망둑

(Tridentiger trigo- nocephalus)

등이우점하였고

,

울진과후포

(

수심

20-50 m)

서는물메기

(Liparis tessellatus),

기름가자미

(Glyptocephalus stelleri),

용가자미등이우점하였다

(Lee, 1999; Lee, 2011).

같이동해어류군집은위도

(

남부

vs

중부

)

서식지

(

연안역

vs

하구역

)

따라우점종의차이를보였다

.

동해남부연안어류군집은계절에따라뚜렷한차이를보였

,

연도별로

2007

년과

2008

여름철군집에서차이를 였다

.

이러한차이는계절별

,

연도별여름철에상대적으로 종수와우점종출현량의차이때문이었는데

,

우점종중에 딧불게르치의현존량은

2008

여름에높았고

,

멸치와청어는

2007

여름에높았다

.

이러한연도별

,

계절별어류군집의 이는저층수온으로설명할있는데

,

여름철에다른계절과 수심증가에따라수온이급격히감소하는경향을보였고

,

2007

여름철에는

50 m

에서

, 2008

여름에는수심

20 m

수온이급격히감소하였다

.

이러한여름철저층수온의감소 동해남부연안에서발생하는연안용승에의한저층냉수대 출현때문으로생각되었다

(Kim and Kim, 1983).

저층냉수가 얕은수심까지출현하였던

2008

년에는냉수에대한내성 높았던반딧불게르치의출현량이높았고

,

저층냉수의 Fig. 6. Seasonal variations in mean abundance (±SD) of nine common fish species (a-i) during 2007 and 2008.

(8)

변동이우점종의출현량에영향을미쳐연간군집구조에서 이를나타낼가능성이있다

.

그러나이러한수온변동외에 물종자체의개체군특이성

,

회유성어종의연도별현존량차이 등의요인이이러한변동에복합적인요인으로작용할있다

.

연구에서채집된어종다수의어종은미성어도함께 현하였다

.

예를들어

,

꼼치와청어의경우봄에서초여름까지 성어의출현량이높았는데

(Park, 2010),

어종은모두겨울철

산란하는것으로알려져있고

(NFRDI, 2004),

연구해역

주변해역에서산란부화한자치어가봄과여름철에저층 수온변동과관계없이연구해역을서식지성육장으로 용하기위하여출현한것으로판단된다

.

반면

,

열동가리돔과 딧불게르치는미성어와성어모두연중출현하여

(Park, 2010),

연구해역에서생활사를보내는것으로판단되었다

.

반면조사해역의어류현존량과군집구조는수심에따라 차이를보이지않았다

.

일반적으로어류군집은서식지환경 차이에따라군집구조의차이를나타내며

,

이러한차이는 종종수심

,

저질과수괴의특성에영향을받는다

(e.g. Koslow 1993; Smale et al., 1993; Moranta et al., 1998). Moranata et al. (1998)

이러한차이를

200-1800 m

대륙사면

(continen- tal slope)

에서관찰하였고

, McClatchie et al. (1997)

수심 가에따라풍부도가

(species richness)

증가함을관찰하였

.

연구에서는수심에따라미묘한군집구조의차이를보였 지만

,

뚜렷한경향을나타내지않았다

.

연구는비교적좁은

수심범위

(30-70 m)

에서어류를채집하였기때문에

,

어류군집

수심의영향을판단하기힘들었을것으로생각되었다

.

따라

,

향후동해에서넓은수심범위에서수심별생물군집의 이를분석하고어떤요인이이러한차이에영향을미치는지에 관한추가연구가요구된다

.

연구는동해남부연안해역에서저인망으로채집된어류 군집종조성의시공간변동을조사하였다

.

41

과에속하는

59

종의어류가채집되고

,

열동가리돔

,

반딧불게르치

,

샛비늘치

,

멸치

,

줄비늘치가우점종에속하였다

.

어류군집의변동은다변 분석에의해설명되었고

,

우점종의현존량차이가군집 차이에기여함을있었다

.

연구결과는향후국내에 어류군집구조변동을효과적으로분석하기위한방법을 시할것이고

,

조사해역의생물다양성수산자원관리를위한 중요한자료로이용될것이다

.

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수치

Fig. 3. Variations in mean number of species (A), abundance (B)  and diversity (C) of fish assemblages with respect to year, season  and depth
Fig.  4.  nMDS  ordination  of  fish  assemblages  constructed  from  Bray-Curtis similarity matrices of the four depths and four  sea-sons
Table 2. Mean squares (MS), pseudo-F ratios, significance levels  (P) and component of variable (COV) for a series of  PERMANO-VA tests, employing Bray-Curtis similarity matrices derived from  the abundance of fish assemblages for differences in response t

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