Geochemical Characteristics and Origin of Dissolved Ions in the Han River Water
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(2) . Geochemical Characteristics and Origin of Dissolved Ions in the Han River Water Kyu-Han Kim* and Eun-Sook Shim Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750 Korea Geochemical data of the Han river water, including four tributary water samples in the main Han river are presented in this paper. The concentration of dissolved ions in the North Han river water decreases in order of Ca>Na>K>Mg and HCO3>NO3>SO4>Cl, which is mainly affected by the chemical weathering of granite and gneiss in the drainage basin. Meanwhile, the South Han river water shows a decreasing order of Ca>Mg>Na>K and HCO3>SO4>NO3>Cl, which is controlled by the bed rock geology of carbornate rocks and the inflow of acid mine drainage from the metal and coal mines in the Taebaegsan and Hwanggangri areas. The main Han river waters are characterized by unusually high concentration of Na, Cl and SO4 (Ca>Na>K>Mg and HCO3>SO4>Cl>NO3), indicating a significant anthropogenic pollution by human activities in the metropolitan Seoul city. The geochemical data of the Han river waters from 1981 through 1996 to 1999 records a significant increase in SO4 and NO3, which responsible for the increasing acid mine drainage and municipal anthropogenic pollution.. Han river water, geochemical data, dissolved ions, anthropogenic pollution, acid mine drainage.
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(73) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −. − . . . . . . . . !". )(,& . . #$%& '()(** %&. ; <*((&2(* . +. . Physical properties of stream waters in the Han river basin.. Sample No.. pH. Eh (mV). HR1 HR2 HR3 HR4 HR5 HR6 HR7 HR8 HR9 HR10 HR11 HR12 HR13 HR14 HR15 HR16 HR17 HR18 HR19 HR20 TR1 TR2 TR3 TR4 TR5 TR6 TR7 TR8 TR9 TR10 TR11. 7.13 7.08 7.16 7.00 7.21 7.16 6.94 7.08 7.19 7.24 7.31 7.33 7.61 7.39 7.10 7.42 7.26 7.43 7.40 7.52 7.35 7.09 7.11 7.26 9.03 6.74 6.51 7.52 7.52 6.98 7.01. 171.0 159.2 167.7 251.6 217.7 212.8 274.3 235.9 274.3 278.6 333.9 229.5 275.8 272.1 319.6 241.9 271.7 222.8 244.1 241.1 255.7 264.4 241.7 213.0 159.8 213.6 210.8 200.4 207.3 198.5 205.3. Conductivity (uS/cm) 3800.0 4050.0 3220.0 230.0 230.0 206.0 174.8 174.9 170.8 159.4 217.0 132.1 135.0 161.9 228.0 144.1 138.9 154.3 146.0 150.9 185.3 189.6 172.9 221.0 75.3 115.8 122.7 94.2 97.3 124.5 140.8. TDS (mg/L). Sample No.. pH. Eh (mV). Conductivity (uS/cm). TDS (mg/L). 1900 2000 1903 135 135 122 103 103 101 94 128 78 76 96 127 85 82 82 86 85 98 96 87 111 38 59 62 48 49 63 72. TR12 TR13 TR14 TR15 TR16 TR17 NHR1 NHR2 NHR3 NHR4 NHR5 NHR6 NHR7 NHR8 NHR9 NHR10 NHR11 SHR1 SHR2 SHR3 SHR4 SHR5 SHR6 SHR7 SHR8 SHR9 SHR10 SHR11 SHR12 SHR13. 6.99 6.98 7.13 7.15 7.11 6.88 7.22 7.22 7.32 7.15 7.20 7.32 7.42 7.52 7.37 7.11 7.06 7.50 7.57 7.30 7.35 7.74 7.47 7.49 7.98 6.81 8.05 7.65 7.65 7.94. 223.2 225.7 219.4 202.6 193.6 203.6 213.3 228.7 252.3 241.5 296.1 241.9 234.7 215.2 212.2 223.2 265.6 216.7 272.4 215.5 213.2 249.9 262.0 248.6 250.9 262.7 247.7 294.7 243.1 300.8. 86.0 87.8 75.8 128.2 151.5 130.4 93.1 88.3 79.2 77.6 75.5 83.1 88.9 103.0 111.0 57.4 54.2 203.0 178.8 90.1 192.9 182.8 182.7 185.9 179.0 215.0 157.4 181.2 183.3 93.6. 43 45 39 65 77 67 49 47 47 46 45 49 52 55 59 30 32 108 100 48 103 108 108 110 106 120 88 101 102 53.
(74) Sample No.. Chemical constituents of stream waters in the Han river basin (mg/L). F. Cl. NO2. Br. NO3. PO4. SO4. HCO3. Ca. K. 2.99 3.24 2.57 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.09 0.13 0.14 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.13 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.53 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.06 0.58. 1717.20 1880.70 1417.70 19.39 21.28 14.72 9.08 9.60 9.03 7.92 15.59 4.59 4.62 6.91 14.56 4.86 4.72 4.40 4.93 5.26 258.85 3.08 2.78 2.76 2.72 2.54 2.51 2.46 2.76 2.40 2.03 2.69. nd nd nd 0.40 0.52 0.34 0.23 0.26 0.29 0.29 0.72 0.03 0.05 nd 0.21 nd 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.24 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.02 nd nd. 4.50 4.93 4.02 0.06 0.05 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.06 nd nd nd nd nd 2.27 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd. 8.35 8.93 8.15 8.68 7.77 6.18 5.59 6.07 5.05 5.67 6.64 5.55 5.54 6.41 14.26 5.62 5.41 5.30 5.88 5.70 6.84 3.88 3.69 3.67 3.42 3.54 3.14 3.07 3.30 3.31 3.76 5.16. nd nd nd 0.21 0.31 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.26 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd. 208.21 225.74 173.15 17.35 16.95 15.54 13.49 12.97 12.35 11.25 13.94 10.26 10.76 15.04 23.16 11.87 11.35 11.18 12.31 13.11 42.00 5.45 4.95 4.94 4.85 4.69 4.95 5.19 5.45 5.94 3.61 3.84. 68.93 73.71 74.20 68.93 77.13 75.17 63.95 68.83 66.39 61.02 75.17 56.14 59.55 61.99 72.25 59.80 60.53 57.60 65.41 68.83 66.78 34.41 33.19 37.34 32.95 31.97 37.34 41.49 42.47 50.52 18.31 17.09. 37.40 35.25 29.00 19.20 18.15 19.10 18.80 16.70 17.50 17.30 19.60 16.40 17.00 19.40 22.20 18.30 17.30 17.40 19.00 19.30 20.72 9.16 8.74 8.67 nd 8.55 0.97 10.60 10.90 12.20 4.94 5.17. 178.00 145.00 156.00 6.60 6.56 3.54 3.78 3.64 3.72 3.48 4.46 2.06 1.90 2.62 5.28 2.03 2.35 1.84 2.07 2.28 26.86 1.58 1.10 1.82 0.69 1.49 0.27 1.50 1.98 1.37 2.51 2.11. nd: not determined. Mg. Na. 75.20 1577.00 83.50 667.00 63.60 531.00 4.42 16.18 3.10 16.02 3.91 3.36 3.99 3.09 3.71 7.03 3.60 2.73 3.43 6.49 4.03 11.48 3.33 4.21 3.70 4.32 4.24 5.21 4.93 14.80 3.74 4.33 3.54 4.31 3.58 3.39 3.88 4.06 3.96 1.38 14.37 144.37 1.94 3.41 1.89 1.11 1.87 3.27 nd 1.39 1.92 2.78 0.06 0.50 2.49 2.39 2.54 3.22 3.19 2.74 0.85 2.79 0.90 2.80. Fe. Ni. Cu. Mn. Zn. Tl. 0.005 nd nd 0.040 0.095 0.031 0.022 0.013 0.025 0.010 0.025 0.007 0.022 0.032 0.022 0.060 0.018 0.011 0.028 0.015 0.030 0.005 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.019 nd 0.016 0.020 0.018 0.013 0.053. 0.001 nd nd 0.003 0.010 0.001 0.001 nd 0.000 nd 0.001 nd 0.000 nd 0.002 nd nd nd nd nd 0.00 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd. 0.001 nd nd 0.001 nd nd 0.000 0.000 0.000 nd 0.000 0.000 0.000 nd 0.003 nd 0.000 nd 0.006 0.000 0.00 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd. 0.061 0.050 0.060 0.010 0.005 0.007 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.004 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.023 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.01 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 nd 0.001 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.240. 0.007 nd nd 0.004 nd nd 0.005 0.000 0.015 0.004 0.029 nd 0.003 0.002 0.011 0.001 0.015 nd 0.059 0.004 0.01 nd nd nd nd 0.001 nd nd nd 0.000 nd nd. nd 0.125 nd nd 0.020 nd 0.000 nd nd 0.003 nd nd 0.018 nd 0.004 nd 0.003 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.02 0.001 0.003 nd nd nd 0.002 0.004 nd 0.000 nd 0.007. . HR1 HR2 HR3 HR4 HR5 HR6 HR7 HR8 HR9 HR10 HR11 HR12 HR13 HR14 HR15 HR16 HR17 HR18 HR19 HR20 avg. NHR1 NHR2 NHR3 NHR4 NHR5 NHR6 NHR7 NHR8 NHR9 NHR10 NHR11. .
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(77) Continued.. Sample No.. Cl. NO2. Br. NO3. PO4. SO4. HCO3. Ca. 0.13 0.10 0.12 0.08 0.11 0.36 0.07 0.13 0.08 0.09 0.16 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.04 0.13 0.14 0.18 0.13 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.10 0.02 0.07 0.03 0.08 0.22 0.21 0.18 0.13. 2.61 7.74 8.14 3.07 4.64 118.61 55.90 59.11 33.37 36.01 57.19 62.27 30.38 29.52 24.24 53.13 49.82 52.39 52.19 4.48 5.40 4.42 1.27 nd 3.76 0.83 3.14 2.10 4.08 98.77 102.13 81.88 38.60. 0.02 0.06 0.07 nd 0.04 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.05 0.09 0.03 0.02 0.28 0.02 nd 0.04 0.03 0.07 nd nd nd nd. nd nd nd nd nd 0.20 0.19 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.22 0.23 0.10 0.09 0.05 0.13 0.15 0.20 0.16 nd nd nd nd 0.05 nd nd nd nd 0.05 0.26 0.28 0.24 0.16. 3.63 7.34 7.02 3.84 7.12 nd 13.80 23.47 10.34 nd 23.05 28.41 16.39 23.78 22.91 1.49 5.87 6.40 12.37 6.99 6.94 7.24 2.59 10.06 6.54 1.67 7.88 6.25 6.27 1.57 1.99 2.36 3.50. nd nd nd nd nd 0.72 2.32 2.86 0.00 0.00 1.55 1.26 nd nd 0.27 1.34 0.41 1.37 1.02 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 1.18 0.96 0.76 0.09. 4.90 16.56 14.78 6.22 15.95 109.97 35.76 34.34 49.12 51.68 28.44 71.43 46.05 53.12 34.77 37.45 72.52 43.94 46.49 16.28 15.21 15.35 5.26 16.02 14.02 3.29 17.85 3.36 12.32 67.00 67.78 58.51 29.26. 34.28 71.51 83.47 33.10 67.61 89.09 103.00 125.94 117.15 130.33 126.23 105.68 91.77 87.62 83.96 170.36 169.39 148.15 121.16 85.91 82.01 88.35 83.96 73.22 78.59 80.54 86.89 54.67 74.60 197.70 151.32 173.54 176.71. 7.99 22.80 21.50 8.85 24.80 51.50 21.00 31.50 40.50 8.66 29.40 38.80 36.40 36.50 33.90 37.30 36.40 30.10 33.09 26.00 25.70 26.80 26.20 21.30 24.00 26.40 30.20 17.10 23.20 43.15 43.20 37.90 32.60. 1.49 3.02 3.73 1.94 1.91 16.80 23.40 13.00 9.27 4.04 23.50 23.60 25.80 13.50 22.50 12.09 3.98 22.80 16.31 2.01 0.38 1.46 1.95 5.84 2.11 2.22 1.05 1.39 2.23 29.90 23.30 23.10 9.84. Mg. Na. Fe. 1.77 4.83 4.39 1.92 4.87 5.60 3.94 5.93 6.71 1.28 6.40 7.54 5.97 6.19 6.16 5.69 5.10 5.64 5.31 5.14 4.90 5.19 4.93 4.03 4.42 4.92 4.58 2.82 4.38 5.95 5.95 6.49 3.31. 2.40 5.04 5.62 3.35 4.02 77.50 62.80 22.20 12.57 4.82 40.90 82.40 51.40 27.25 45.80 25.38 8.68 39.60 44.22 3.79 0.50 3.06 3.40 16.56 3.67 3.33 2.05 1.86 4.33 132.80 75.20 61.60 22.89. 0.02 0.046 0.060 0.007 0.021 0.220 0.016 0.020 0.007 0.014 0.009 0.011 0.013 0.031 0.004 0.090 0.015 0.020 0.04 0.014 0.042 0.033 0.022 0.031 0.015 0.006 0.013 0.044 0.03 0.070 0.025 0.033 0.026. Ni nd nd nd 0.000 nd nd 0.003 0.002 nd nd 0.002 0.015 0.007 0.012 nd 0.003 nd 0.004 0.01 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.003 0.004 0.002 nd nd 0.014 nd. Cu. Mn. Zn. Tl. nd nd nd nd 0.000 nd 0.005 0.004 0.003 nd 0.002 0.008 0.008 0.014 0.001 0.000 nd 0.000 0.004 nd 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.0004 nd nd 0.000 0.003. 0.02 0.002 0.019 0.000 0.001 0.195 0.012 0.030 0.001 0.005 0.021 0.023 0.003 0.004 0.001 0.137 0.105 0.012 0.05 0.000 0.006 0.002 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.003 0.210 0.045 0.098 0.007. 0.0005 0.0000 nd0 nd0 0.0000 0.0000 0.1180 0.0540 0.0130 nd0 0.0340 0.0160 0.0090 0.0080 0.0020 0.0050 nd0 0.0050 0.020 0.0000 0.0070 0.0080 0.0000 0.0050 0.0040 0.0000 0.0190 0.0100 0.0050 0.0400 0.0150 0.0190 nd0. 0.003 nd 0.000 nd nd 0.070 nd 0.004 0.001 0.005 0.010 0.001 0.003 0.008 0.015 0.002 0.075 0.004 0.010 0.020 nd nd nd 0.000 0.004 0.006 nd 0.003 0.010 0.030 0.010 nd 0.003. . *nd: not determined. K.
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(308)
(309) . . Normality of some major dissolved ions of stream waters in the Han river basin.. meq/L F HR1 0.157 HR2 0.171 HR3 0.135 HR4 0.006 HR5 0.005 HR6 0.006 HR7 0.005 HR8 0.007 HR9 0.007 HR10 0.004 HR11 0.005 HR12 0.005 HR13 0.005 HR14 0.005 HR15 0.004 HR16 0.007 HR17 0.005 HR18 0.004 HR19 0.004 HR20 0.005 NHR1 0.005 NHR2 0.004 NHR3 0.005 NHR4 0.005 NHR5 0.004 NHR6 0.004 NHR7 0.005 NHR8 0.006 NHR9 0.005 NHR10 0.003 NHR11 0.031 SHR1 0.005 SHR2 0.006 SHR3 0.004 SHR4 0.006 SHR5 0.005 SHR6 0.005 SHR7 0.004 SHR8 0.002 SHR9 0.004 SHR10 0.005 SHR11 0.001 SHR12 0.004 SHR13 0.001 TR1 0.012 TR2 0.011 TR3 0.009 TR4 0.007 TR5 0.019 TR6 0.004 TR7 0.007 TR8 0.004 TR9 0.005 TR10 0.008 TR11 0.006 TR12 0.005 TR13 0.006 TR14 0.002 TR15 0.007 TR16 0.007 TR17 0.009 *nc : not calculated. Cl 48.372 52.977 39.935 0.546 0.599 0.415 0.256 0.270 0.254 0.223 0.439 0.129 0.130 0.195 0.410 0.137 0.133 0.124 0.139 0.148 0.087 0.078 0.078 0.077 0.071 0.071 0.069 0.078 0.068 0.057 0.076 0.218 0.229 0.087 0.131 0.126 0.152 0.125 0.036 nc 0.106 0.023 0.088 0.059 2.782 2.877 2.306 1.087 3.341 1.575 1.665 0.940 1.014 1.611 1.754 0.856 0.831 0.683 1.497 1.403 1.476. NO3 0.135 0.144 0.131 0.140 0.125 0.100 0.090 0.098 0.081 0.091 0.107 0.090 0.089 0.103 0.230 0.091 0.087 0.086 0.095 0.092 0.063 0.059 0.059 0.055 0.057 0.051 0.049 0.053 0.053 0.061 0.083 0.118 0.113 0.062 0.115 0.113 0.112 0.117 0.042 0.162 0.105 0.027 0.127 0.101 0.025 0.032 0.038 0.057 nc 0.223 0.379 0.167 nc 0.372 0.458 0.264 0.384 0.370 0.024 0.095 0.103. SO4 4.338 4.703 3.607 0.361 0.353 0.324 0.281 0.270 0.257 0.234 0.290 0.214 0.224 0.313 0.482 0.247 0.237 0.233 0.257 0.273 0.113 0.103 0.103 0.101 0.098 0.103 0.108 0.113 0.124 0.075 0.080 0.345 0.308 0.130 0.332 0.339 0.317 0.320 0.110 0.334 0.292 0.069 0.372 0.070 1.396 1.412 1.219 0.610 2.291 0.745 0.715 1.023 1.077 0.592 1.488 0.959 1.107 0.724 0.780 1.511 0.915. HCO3 1.130 1.208 1.216 1.130 1.264 1.232 1.048 1.128 1.088 1.000 1.232 0.920 0.976 1.016 1.184 0.980 0.992 0.944 1.072 1.128 0.564 0.544 0.612 0.540 0.524 0.612 0.680 0.696 0.828 0.300 0.280 1.172 1.368 0.543 1.108 1.408 1.344 1.448 1.376 1.200 1.288 1.320 1.424 0.896 3.241 2.481 2.845 2.897 1.460 1.688 2.065 1.921 2.137 2.069 1.733 1.504 1.436 1.376 2.793 2.777 2.429. Ca 1.87 1.76 1.45 0.96 0.91 0.95 0.94 0.83 0.87 0.86 0.98 0.82 0.85 0.97 1.11 0.91 0.86 0.87 0.95 0.96 0.46 0.44 0.43 -0.01 0.43 0.05 0.53 0.54 0.61 0.25 0.26 1.14 1.07 0.44 1.24 1.30 1.28 1.34 1.31 1.06 1.20 1.32 1.51 0.85 2.15 2.16 1.89 1.63 2.57 1.05 1.57 2.02 0.43 1.47 1.94 1.82 1.82 1.69 1.86 1.82 1.50. K 4.55 3.71 3.99 0.17 0.17 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.13 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.76 0.60 0.59 0.25 0.43 0.60 0.33 0.24 0.10 0.60 0.60 0.66 0.35 0.58 0.31 0.10 0.58. Mg 6.19 6.87 5.23 0.36 0.26 0.32 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.28 0.33 0.27 0.30 0.35 0.41 0.31 0.29 0.29 0.32 0.33 0.16 0.16 0.15 -0.02 0.16 0.00 0.20 0.21 0.26 0.07 0.07 0.40 0.36 0.16 0.40 0.42 0.40 0.43 0.41 0.33 0.36 0.40 0.38 0.23 0.49 0.49 0.53 0.27 0.46 0.32 0.49 0.55 0.11 0.53 0.62 0.49 0.51 0.51 0.47 0.42 0.46. Na 68.598 29.014 23.098 0.704 0.697 0.146 0.134 0.306 0.119 0.282 0.499 0.183 0.188 0.227 0.644 0.188 0.187 0.147 0.176 0.060 0.148 0.048 0.142 0.060 0.121 0.022 0.104 0.140 0.119 0.121 0.122 0.219 0.244 0.146 0.175 0.165 0.022 0.133 0.148 0.720 0.159 0.145 0.089 0.081 5.777 3.271 2.680 0.996 3.371 2.732 0.966 0.547 0.210 1.779 3.584 2.236 1.185 1.992 1.104 0.378 1.723.
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