영 어 1 2
영 어
년 시행 외무고등고시 제 차시험
2010 2
응시번호 : 성명 :
제 1 문. 다음 글을 우리말로 옮기시오. (총 40 )점
1) When does a rising power become a threat? There is seldom a single moment. A century ago, AngloGerman antagonism was still a relatively new phenomenon; an alliance between the two empires seemed plausible as late as 1899. Likewise, the United States took time to identify Japan as a serious rival in the Pacific region; it was not until the 1930s that relations really soured. In both cases, the perception of a strategic threat was slow to grow.
But grow it did and ultimately it led to war. Could the same be happening― to the United States and China today? Are we imperceptibly but inexorably slipping from cooperation to competition? Back in early 2007, it seemed as if China and America were so intertwined they'd become one economy: I called it "Chimerica." The Chinese did the saving, the Americans the spending.
The Chinese did the exporting, the Americans the importing. The Chinese did the lending, the Americans the borrowing. As the Chinese strategy was based on export-led growth, they had no desire to see their currency appreciate against the dollar. So they intervened consistently in currency markets, and as a result, they now have international reserves totaling $2.1 trillion. About 70 percent of these are in dollar-denominated securities, and a large proportion of these are in U.S. government bonds. The unintended effect of this was to help finance the U.S. current-account deficit at very low interest rates. Without those low long-term rates, it's hard to believe that the U.S. real estate market would have bubbled the way it did between
점 2002 and 2007. (20 )
2) Neither biological evolution nor cultural progress follows a continuous curve. Neither of them is strictly cumulative in the sense of continuing to build where the previous generation had left off. To take an example, juvenilization appears to play an important part in the grand strategy of evolution. It involves a retreat from specialized adult forms to earlier, less committed and more plastic stages in the development of organisms―
followed by a sudden advance in a new direction. It is as if the stream of life had momentarily reversed its course, flowing uphill for a while towards its original source; then opened up a new stream-bed. In other words, we are faced here with the same pattern of reculer pour mieux sauter, 'step back to leap,' which we have encountered at critical turning points in the evolution of science and art. Biological evolution is to a large extent a history of escapes from the blind alleys of over-specialization, whereas the evolution of ideas is a series of escapes from the tyranny of mental habits and stagnant routines. In biological evolution the escape is brought about by a retreat from the adult to a juvenile stage as the starting-point for the new line; in mental evolution by a temporary regression to more primitive and uninhibited modes of ideation, followed by the creative forward leap.
Thus these two types of progress the emergence of evolutionary novelties― and the creation of cultural novelties reflect the same undoing-redoing―
점 pattern and appear as analogous processes on different levels. (20 )
영 어 2 2
제 2 문. 다음 글을 영어로 옮기시오. (30 )점
현재의 세계 경제 위기는 사실상 지속가능성으로의 전환을 의미하기 때문에, 한 두 해가 아니라 한 세대 동안이나 계속될 것이다 주요 상품의 부족과 최근. 몇 년 동안의 기후변화로 인한 피해가 세계 경제의 불안정을 초래했고 이로
인해 현재의 위기가 야기되었다 치솟는 식품 가격과 유가 그리고 대규모의.
자연 재해는 금융 시장 가계의 구매력 심지어는 정치적 안정까지도 약화, ,
시켰다 이러한 관점에서 볼 때 현재의 위기를 극복하기 위해 선진국과 개발. ,
도상국들이 추구해야 할 필수적인 정책은 21세기에 맞는 사회 기반 시설을
건설하는 것이다 여기에는 재생가능한 에너지를 사용하는 효율적인 전기.
공급망 구축 광대역 인터넷을 제공하는 무선망 구축 담수를 효율적으로, ,
사용하고 재활용하는 관개 및 하수처리시스템 구축 도시 간의 대중교통 체계,
마련 그리고 안전한 고속도로 건설 등이 포함된다 이러한 투자는 세계적인, . 경기침체의 기저를 이루는 범세계적 소비 지출의 감소를 상쇄시키기 위해 단기적으로 필요하다 더욱 중요한 것은 장기적으로도 이러한 체계가 필요하다는. , 것인데, 68억 명이 북적거리는 세계가 부족한 천연자원을 절약하는 지속가능한 과학기술을 채택하지 않는다면 결코 경제 성장을 유지할 수 없기 때문이다.
제 3 문. 다음은 세계화과정에서 국가의 역할 변화에 대한 글이다 세계화시대에 국가는. 어떠한 역할을 통해 'pivotal institution'으로 존속할 수 있는지 200단어 내외의
영문으로 제시하시오. (30 )점
Globalization often leads to the decline in power of national governments.
It isn't just individuals and neighbourhood institutions that have felt the impact of de-localization. A major causality of this process has been a decline in the power of national governments to direct and influence their economies. The internationalization of financial markets, of technology and of some manufacturing and services brings with it a new set of limitations upon the freedom of action of nation states. Yet while the influence of nation states may have shrunk as part of the process of globalization, it has not disappeared. Indeed, they remain, in Hirst and Thompson's (1996) words, 'pivotal' institutions.
