Rosa laevigata Michx. (Rosaceae): A Newly Alien Plant in Korea

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(1)Print ISSN 1226-3591 Online ISSN 2287-8203. Korean J. Plant Res. 34(3):197-202(2021) https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2021.34.3.197. Original Research Article. Rosa laevigata Michx. (Rosaceae): A Newly Alien Plant in Korea Woong Lee1, Jung-Hyun Kim2 and Jin-Seok Kim3* 1. Researcher, Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea 2 Professional Researcher, Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea 3 Researcher, Geumsugangsan, Uijeongbu 11625, Korea Abstract - We found Rosa laevigata Michx., a newly alien plant in Songjinpo-ri, Jangmok-myeon, Geoje-si, Gyeongsang nam-do. Rosa laevigata is native to China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. It is reported as a naturalized species in Japan, South Africa, United States, and the Pacific Islands. Rosa laevigata is distinguished from R. multiflora by the large size of its flower. Its Korean name is 'Wang-jjil-re-na-mu' based on the large flower. Here, we provide precise description, taxonomic key to Korean Rosa species, illustrations and photographs of its habit. Key words – Alien plant, Rosaceae, Rosa, Rosa laevigata, Section Laenigatae. Introduction. which distributed in East and South China, and Vietnam, at elevations of 200–1600 m (Gu and Robertson, 2003; Zhang et. The genus Rosa L. (Rosaceae) comprises about 150–200 species widely distributed throughout the temperate and sub-tropical habitats of the northern hemisphere (FougèreDanezan et al., 2015; Gu and Robertson, 2003; Liu et al., 2015), with the exception of one tropical African species (FougèreDanezan et al., 2015). Conventional taxonomy (Wissemann, 2003) divides the genus into four subgenera: Hulthemia (Dumort.) Focke, Platyrhodon (Hurst) Rehder, Hesperhodos Cockerell, and Rosa L. The first three subgenera are monotypic or contain two species, whereas the subgen. Rosa contains all the remaining species (some 180 species) and is divided into 10 sections: Pimpinellifoliae (DC.) Ser., Cinnamomeae (DC.) Ser., Synstylae DC., Indicae Thory, Banksianae. al., 2019). With large white fragrant flowers and glabrous leathery leaves, Rosa laevigata might make a good ornamental (Zhang et al., 2019). Besides, its root bark contains tannin used for tanning; its fruit contains sugar used for fermenting wine; its roots, leaves, and fruit are all used medicinally (Gu and Robertson, 2003; Zhang et al., 2019). In this study, we collected Rosa laevigata Michx. in sect. Laevigatae (Subg. Rosa) in Geoje-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, and reported as a newly alien plant in Korea. We provided its morphological description, detailed illustrations, and a key to the related taxa in Korea (Figs 1, 2 and 3).. Description of the species. Lindl., Laevigatae Thory, Bracteatae Thory, Gallicanae (DC.) Ser., Carolinae Crép., and Caninae (DC.) Ser. (Cheikh-. Rosa laevigata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Ame. 1:295 (1803).. Affene et al., 2015; Koopman et al., 2008; Liu et al., 2015;. Korean name: Wang-jjil-re-na-mu (왕찔레나무).. Wissemann and Ritz, 2005). In Korea, 10 taxa of the genus. Type: USA. Georgia, A. Michaux s.n. (holotype: P,. Rosa are distributed (Lee, 2007). These taxa are classified into three section (Pimpinellifoliae, Synstylae, and Cinnamo-. 00322029!, image seen). Shrubs evergreen, climbing, ca. 7 m. Stems terete, usually glabrous; branchlets dark brown to purplish red; prickles. meae) within the subgen. Rosa. Rosa laevigata Michx. is the only species in sect. Laevigatae. scattered, curved, 3-5 ㎜ long, flat; bristles glandular, dense on young stems. Leaves alternate, stipules caducous, linear-. *Corresponding author. E-mail : [email protected] Tel. +82-70-4099-5151. lanceolate or lanceolate, glandular serrate, apex acuminate;. ⓒ 2021 by The Plant Resources Society of Korea This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) - 197 which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited..

(2) Korean J. Plant Res. 34(3) : 197~202 (2021). Fig. 1. Illustrations of Rosa laevigata Michx. A. Habit. B. Flower with removed petals. C. Hip. D. Achene. - 198 -.

(3) Rosa laevigata Michx. (Rosaceae): A Newly Alien Plant in Korea. Fig. 2. Photographs of Rosa laevigata Michx. A. Habitat of Geoje-si (28 Apr 2020). B. Habit. C. Flower. D. Hypanthia and Sepals. E. Leaf. F. Stipule. G. Branchlet. H. Hip. Scale bars=1 ㎝ (C-H). petiole 1-4 ㎝ long, sometimes with glandular bristly and. leaflike, abaxially acachnoid or glabous, adaxially densely. prickles, glabrous; leaflets 3, rarely 5, terminal larger than. acachnoid, margin entire, often dense glandular bristly. Petals. laterals, elliptic-ovate, obovate, or lanceolate-ovate, 2-7 ×. 5, white, 3-4 × 3.5-5.5 ㎝, broadly obovate, base broadly. 1.5-3.5 ㎝, leathery, sometimes abaxially minutely prickly. cuneate, apex emarginate. Stemens numerous, 8-19 ㎜ long.. and glandular bristly along midvein when young, glabrescent,. Styles free, 1-2 ㎜ long, pubescent. Fruit hip, purple-brown,. adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate or obtuse, margin. pyriform or obovoid, rarely subglobose, 1-1.5 ㎝ in diam.,. acutely serrate, apex acute or rounded-obtuse. Flowers. densely glandular bristly, with persistent, erect sepals. Seeds. solitary, 5-9 ㎝ in diam.; pedicel 2-3.5 ㎝, densely glandular. achenes, 20-30, light tan, 6-8 × 3-5 ㎜. Chromosome number. bristly; bracts absent. Hypanthia ovoid, densely glandular. 2n=14, reported by Robertson (1974).. bristly. Sepals 5, persistent, 1.8-3.2 ㎝ long, ovate-lanceolate,. - 199 -.

(4) Korean J. Plant Res. 34(3) : 197~202 (2021). Fig. 3. Type specimen of Rosa laevigata Michx. in National Museum of Natural History (France). - 200 -.

(5) Rosa laevigata Michx. (Rosaceae): A Newly Alien Plant in Korea. Flowering: Apr to Jun.. ······································ R. spinosissima 둥근인가목 5. Flowers reddish purple or pale red.. Fruiting: Sep to Nov.. 7. Branchlets and prickles tomentose, leaflets thick in. Distribution: Native in China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi,. texture, adaxially rugose, flowers 6-7 ㎝ in diam. ·. Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang Provinces), Taiwan,. ····················································· R. rugosa 해당화 7. Branchlets and prickles glabrous, leaflets thinner in. and Vietnam.. texture, not rugose, flowers 3.5-5 ㎝ in diam.. Non-native in Japan, South Africa, United States, the. 8. Hypanthia depressed globose or ovoid-globose ···. Pacific Islands, and Korea (Gyeongsangnam-do).. ·········································· R. davurica 생열귀나무. Habitat: Thickets, scrub, open montane areas, open fields.. 8. Hypanthia ellipsoid or oblong ·······························. In Korea, this species grows roadside and grave vicinity.. ··············································· R. acicularis 인가목. Specimens examined: KOREA. Gyeongsangnam-do, Geoje-si, Jangmok-myeon, Songjinpo-ri, 28 Apr 2020, J.-S. Kim kjs20017 (KB), kjs20018 (3 sheets, KB), kjs20019 (2. Note: Rosa laevigata Michx. in sect. Laevigatae (Subg.. sheets, KB), kjs20020 (2 sheets, KB), kjs20021 (2 sheets,. Rosa) is easily distinguished from other species of the genus. KB); 29 Apr 2020, J.-S. Kim kjs20022 (2 sheets, KB); 22 Jun. Rosa in Korea, with its evergreen, 3(-5) leaves, large flowers. 2020, J.-S. Kim kjs20023 (2 sheets, KB), kjs20024 (2 sheets,. (5-9 ㎝), and many glandular bristly features in the hypanthia.. KB).. The Korean name was named 'Wang-jjil-re-na-mu' because the shape of the flower resembles the Rosa multiflora Thunb.. A key to Rosa laevigata and related taxa in Korea. (Korean name: Jjil-re-na-mu) and has rare large characteristic. The Rosa laevigata, commonly called "Cherokee rosa", is. 1. Stems climbing, decumbent or procumbent. 2. Evergreen, leaflets 3(-5), hypanthia densely glandular. a landscape plant that is widely planted around the world due. bristly, flowers solitary, 5-9 ㎝ in diam. ·····················. to its large and beautiful flowers. It is naturalized in the Japan,. ··············································· R. laevigata 왕찔레나무. South Africa, United States, and the Pacific Islands (U. S.. 2. Deciduous, leaflets 5-9, hypanthia glabrous, glandular-. Botanical Gardens) and is also reported as a naturalized plant. pubescent, flowers numerous or several in corymb, 2-4. in Japan (Shikoku and Kyushu) (Ohba, 2001). In Korea, it is believed that the area around Songjinpo-ri,. ㎝ in diam. 3. Stipules pectinate, flowers numerous in corymb ········. Jangmok-myeon, Geoje-si has been naturalized or introduced. ················································· R. multiflora 찔레나무. since at least 20 years ago, and it is estimated that the. 3. Stipules irregularly serrate at margin, flowers several. plantations for gardens in nearby villages have spread. The growth site of Rosa laevigata is on the side of the road or. in corymb. 4. Leaflets 7-9, rarely 5, apex acute or acuminate,. around the tomb, and grow while winding the stems of Pinus. abaxially along veins pubescent, styles glabrous ·····. thunbergii Parl., Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc., Robinia. ································ R. maximowicziana 용가시나무. pseudoacacia L., Styrax japonicus Siebold & Zucc., and. 4. Leaflets 5-7, rarely 9, apex rounded-obtuse or acute,. Mallotus japonicus (L.f.) Müll. Arg., etc. Also, it becomes. abaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent, styles. with shrubs and herbaceous plants such as Humulus. pubescent ······························· R. luciae 제주찔레나무. japonicus Siebold & Zucc., Phytolacca americana L., Achyranthes bidentata var. japonica Miq., Rosa multiflora. 1. Stems erect. 5. Flowers white or pinkish white.. Thunb., Rubus crataegifolius Bunge, Rhus javanica L., and. 6. Leaflets 7-11(-15), elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or oblong-. Dioscorea quinqueloba Thunb., etc. There are two popul-. elliptic hypanthia oblong ········· R. koreana 흰인가목. ations identified, and the total number of individuals is about. 6. Leaflets 7-9(-11), oblong, oblong-ovate, suborbicular,. 50.. ovate, or elliptic, hypanthia subglobose ··················. - 201 -.

(6) Korean J. Plant Res. 34(3) : 197~202 (2021). Acknowledgments. C.M. Ritz, B. Maes, G. Werlemark, H. Nybom, T. Debener, M. Linde and M.J.M. Smulders. 2008. AFLP markers as a. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR20200. tool to reconstruct complex relationships: A case study in Rosa (Rosaceae). Amer. Jour. Bot. 95(3):353-366. Lee, S.T. 2007. Rosa L.: In Park, C.W. (ed.), Genera of Vascular Plants of Korea. Academy Publishing Co., Seoul, Korea. pp.. 2106, NIBR202102103).. 564-566. Liu, C., G. Wang, H. Wang, T. Xia, S. Zhang, Q. Wang and Y.. Conflicts of Interest. Fang. 2015. Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Rosa revisited based on rpl16, trnL-F, and atpB-rbcL sequences. HortScience 50(11):1618-1624.. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.. Ohba, H. 2001. Rosa L.: In Iwatsuki, K., D.E. Boufford and H. Ohba (eds.), Flora of Japan, Vol. 2b. Kodansha, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 169-177.. References Cheikh-Affene, Z.B., F. Haouala and F. Harzallah-Skhiri. 2015. Morphometric variation and taxonomic identification of thirteen wild rose populations from Tunisia. Acta Bot. Croat. 74(1):1-17. Fougère-Danezan, M., S. Joly, A. Bruneau, X.F. Gao and L.B. Zhang. 2015. Phylogeny and biogeography of wild roses. Robertson, K.R. 1974. The genera of Rosaceae in the southeastern United States. Jour. Arnold Arb. 55(4):611-662. Wissemann, V. 2003. Conventional taxonomy (wild roses): In Roberts, A., T. Debener and S. Gudin (eds.). Encyclopedia of Rose Science. Academic Press, London, UK. pp. 111-117. Wissemann, V. and C.M. Ritz. 2005. The genus Rosa (Rosoideae, Rosaceae) revisited: Molecular analysis of nrITS-1 and. with specific attention to polyploids. Ann. Bot. 115:275-291. Gu, C. and K.R. Robertson. 2003. Rosa L. (Rosaceae): In Wu, Z.Y., P.H. Raven and D.Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China. Vol. 9. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, MO (USA). pp. 339-381.. atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer (IGS) versus conventional taxonomy. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 147(3):275-290. Zhang, C., X. Xiong and X. Gao. 2019. The complete chloroplast. Koopman, W.J.M., V. Wissemann, K. de Cock, J. Van Huylen-. genome sequence of Rosa laevigata (Rosaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour. 4(2):3556-3557.. broeck, J. de Riek, G.J.H. Sabatino, D. Visser, B. Vosman, (Received 30 November 2020 ; Revised 4 January 2021 ; Accepted 5 January 2021). - 202 -.

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