농촌관광 활성화를 위한 융복합 전략

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농촌관광 활성화를 위한

융·복합 전략

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⼯⬄❧⿗ᝓルシ㈃ㆌ㈃ㆌ㎸㼫 ◼㎧⿗⿗ᝓシ㈃ㆌ㈃ㆌ㎸㼫㶟㎸ル㪨⿗ᝓ ᛣ㈃⑬᭴㛳ᛧᛸㄜ⛜㽐ⳋ㫃◶ㄇ㿼⚫㲠⬘⿗ᝓ ル㪨᠗ᛧͬ㎧⿔䁃⬘䀻⬣㬗》㿼ㄧ᳧㹃ᗼㄧ㎧㘬ㅫ⿗ᝓシㅛゐ㽀⿗ᝓシᠧ䅓⯿⿗ᝓシ ⬋┟㉗⪓᳧㽰 ͬ⎯㩓≃◧⿇⟳⇯ㅟ シᛇㄿ⊗ ŵ ᭴㛳ᛧᛸ䁃⬘䀻⍣ル㽃ㄜ⛜㽐㇫↜ⳓ㠜⿗ᝓ㞐㚔᪏ᶫ䀴⬘᝗⪓∧ ㇫⿨◟◼⪓㞐᪏᳧㽀᜷᭴⾬ᛣ㽀⿗ᝓ⭳ Ŷ᭴㛳ᛧᛸ䁃⬘䀻⍣ル㽃ㄜ⛜㽐㇫↜㽛た⪓∧⿗ᝓčㅣ⛟⪓∧ ◼䀴⿛⿗ᝓシㅣ⛟》⪓㡛᳧㽀䀿ᚤo⾷᫯㎧ᛜ㽀㇫ᛜᶫⳃ䀿ᚤỻㅷㅟ⿨⿔ Ộ≄㈃䀟 ☃㽰 ☃㽰ㅟᠧ㘤᠟ ☃㽰㙿㽃᝔᭴㛳ᚤ㈃⿗ᝓシ゗㇫Ⅳ᪏ᶫ᩿㋣ⳃ⡂ᗧⅳ≃ ᳧㹃㇫䀻 ㅟ⮫㙿⪣ⳇㅟ⮫ , 6 % 1 ⿗ᝓㅷ⊳3 ᭴㛳ᛧᛸ䁃⬘䀻⍣ル㽃ㄜo⛜㽐㇫↜  ㅛ㘬⾷ⳋ⎗᪛ゐㄧ㽃᝔᭴㛳ᚤ㈃⿗ᝓシㄿᛜⳄᚓ㽛〧◿ểⳃㅣ㠿㼿ᱻᙪㄧ⼫᳀Ჯ᳋  ㅛ㘬⾷ⳋ⎗᪛ゐㄧ㞃㙿⍣⑬ⳃ㼿⑛ㅷㄇ≔ᙳㅟゐ㽇⯿ㅯⲜᲯ᳋ ┛᳏㇫㆓㼿ᙗ᩿⛜⪓㼿⑛♼⾷㇧㛰ḐᲯ᳋ ㅛᶫ⬃ㄿ᝔⎤㋸⽀ᶫ⬃ᛧ㞃㳷⿯ㇼᶫ⬃⒐≄&,3ㄧ⬃㎧ㇼ⛛ㄇ㮜㎧シⳃⲋ㭃䀯㵿ㅛ㎧KWWSVHRMLQOJRNU〧 ᝔ᗧㅷ⊳ᛜ᷀⒐≄ⳃⲋ㭃KWWSZZZQOJRNUNROLVQHW⾷⬃ㅛゐ㼿ⳋ⯿ㅯⲜᲯ᳋&,3㈃⾛♯䀟&,3

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ሦ

ᆚᆾ

ẞᆚࢆཪᶾᤊॻ⓺ӮӿἮॻϮ὆᥺ೋ↋૮෾ંॻ⓺὆ॻṦ᥺ೋ↋૮Ὢ ⹆Ἢ၊1980ल૮ᕮ⤞▂↲ఆᶶἪ቞, 2000ल૮ᕮ⤞ંॻ⓺὆૒Ế`὾Ếἲ⹊ ẗⵊᆶἲ૖Ỳॻ⓺↮ᷛЊᐊ὆Ὢ⹆Ἢ၊▂↲ఆᶢṂ૒. ὢ࿵Ѻ▂↲ఆᶢḖ ॻ⓺ӮӿἮ՛ࢢӮӿ᫊ᾓᶾᤊ␖↮ⵆંᘲ⃿ὢަ⃮⽶↋ϮⵆӎὶἪ቞, ॻ ⓺ҫ ὆ᢶ၊Ả؞ᐆᢞᶳἪ၊லϯӿᐉӎὶ૒. צ࿚ࢆॻ⓺ӮӿἮᷚῲ⽶ᢞ ᶳ`Ӯ῾ᓢ૒ં ᕮ⃪ல ␳ᢚᶳ὆Ӯ῾ᶾᤊ῿תఆᶢṂἪ቞, ࢢẗலᆶ ἲ૖Ỳ὆ॻᢚ⒢ⷆὢࢆॻ⓺ᣋ⹊⒢ⷆ⃿᫚Ἢ၊ὢზᶢ↮ӎὶᶢ↮᥻`ὦ⹊ ᤟⹂Ḯ᤟ᾓἲἎலⵆં୞ ␳`ⵊҲϮὶἺὢ↮`ఆᶢṂ૒. ᓦᷞ՚ંὢ࿚ⵊ ␳`ⵊҲᅪקᓣⵎᨆὶંᐗᴶἪ၊ॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ἣ·ᓣ ⵗῲྣ▂↲ἲ ᫊ⵆᷮ૒. ᢚ᫒ἣ·ᓣⵗἮӮӿᢞᶳ὆ᢶ၊Ảῲྣὢ؞ᓢ૒ ંᓦ↶`⪧᤟ὢ૒. Ӯӿὢἣ·ᓣⵗἲ⦣ⵢᢞᶳᷯᷛἲ⸃᤟·⹃૮ⵢṂ؞ഺ ጦὢ૒. ὢ࿚ⵊቢἮॻ⓺Ӯӿலᆶ␚Ϯ↮ὢ૒. ഞཪᤊॻ⓺ӮӿἲӪўḮЇ Ἦ ᕮ⃪ல὆ ␳ᢚᶳ, צѱலᆶἲ૖Ỳ⃿᫚὆ॻ⓺↮ᷛЊᐊᢚᶳἪ၊ᆺ▂ ↲ⵆ؞ᓢ૒ં, ᓦ↶`ὦἣ·ᓣⵗ⪧᤟ἲῲྣ`Ἢ၊⹃૮ⵆᷚॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ᢞ ᶳ`᤟ᾓ؞ᐆἲᆶဖⵎⴲẂϮὶ૒. ᓦᷞ՚ંὢ࿚ⵊӮ῾ⵆᶾᤊ૒ᵿⵊ⁞ᢚḮᕲᤋἲ⦣ⵢॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ ᅪỲⵊἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣἲ ᫊ⵆᷮ૒. ኖ⊪။ᓦᷞ՚὆ࢢẗӪ૒ᵿⵊ⁞ᢚ·ᕲ ᤋҞӪϮॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ᅪỲⵊ ␳⸃᤟ᏽ▂↲ᶾᆼἮலẮὢఆئᐂ ཮૒. ᆶ↮ᆷἪ၊ᷞ՚ᶾⷿ⁞ⵢ⃪ᫎኖ೎ӮҲ὾ᕲ೒Ӫӣேᷞ՚ᅪᨆ⵷ⵢ ⃮㈜↮ᷛ⹊᤟⹂ᤪ⤞ᷞ՚↲ᶾѺϾᢚೊᆞ૒. 2016. 12. ⵊ՛ॻ⓺ҫ ᷞ՚Ếᾓخخ␫ئ

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Ẃᵫ

연구 배경 및 내용 ᥺ೋὢ↋Ϯⵆቢᤊ՛Ꮺ೒὆Ӯӿ᥺ᘲ↮▊ὢ↮᥻`Ἢ၊↋Ϯⵆᷚ, 2015ल ؞⃮Ἢ၊Ӯӿ᥺ᘲ┋↮▊ᵏὢGDP ૮ᘲ1.04%غ↮᤟ᾓⵆᷮ૒. 2014ल؞ ⃮Ἢ၊Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆ᢚᶳ⒢Ḯ⁳ᢚ὾ᨆல2006ल૮ᘲϯϯ8.7%Ḯ17.5%Ϯ ↋Ϯⵆં೟Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆׊ኖல↮᥻`Ἢ၊⛒↮ӎὶ૒. Ӯӿᢞᶳὢ᤟ᾓⵆቢᤊॻ⓺Ӯӿ᫊ᷛ↮᥻`Ἢ၊⹃૮ఆᶢṂ૒. 2014ल ؞⃮Ἢ၊ᷞϲ՛ࢢӮӿ┋ྷ૮ᘲॻ⓺Ӯӿ┋ྷἮ8.4%ᶾὢᅢӎὶ૒. ேᘲ ⃿ἲॻ⓺Ӯӿ↮▊┋ᵏἪ၊⹆ᢞⵆቢॻ⓺Ӯӿ᫊ᾓ὆׊ኖંᷞϲ1.2⁞Ế ᶾὢᅪѱἪ၊▂ ఆӎὶ૒. ῲ⒢Ӯӿ᫊ᾓᶾᤊ␖↮ⵆંॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ᘲ⃿ ὢ20%ᶾὢᅢંᤎ↲՛ᶾંᏦ♆↮ኩⵆӎὶ↮ᆺ, ẞᆚࢆཪ὆ҫẞலὢ ॻ⓺Ӯӿὢॻ⓺὆؞ᐆᢞᶳἪ၊ὦ᫋ఎ ல၊᤟ᾓⵆᷮ૒. צ࿚ࢆ ᕮ὆ॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ ␳Ἦॻ⓺Ӯӿἲॻ⓺὆؞ᐆᢞᶳἪ၊⹊ ᤟⹂ⵆဒં῿תᓢ૒ંᷚῲ⽶ॻϮ᥺ೋ↋૮ࢆॻ⓺ᆶἲ὆ॻṦ᥺ೋ↋૮ ␖Ếᶾᤊ῿תⵆંⵊҲᅪ↮શӎὶ૒. ᢚ᫒ӮӿᕮጦἮӮӿ⹊ேἲ↮Ếⵆં ૒ᵿⵊᢞᶳᕮጦ೒ӪᢞᶳᷞӮᶾഞᅦἣ·ᓣⵗἲ⦣ⵢⵆࢆ὆ᢞᶳἪ၊⸃᤟· ⹃૮ఆᶢṂ૒. ഞཪᤊἣ·ᓣⵗἮӮӿᢞᶳ὆ᓦ↶`⪧᤟ὢ቞, Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆↮ ᥻ϮઓⵊᐊῲἲỲⵢᤊં`ק`Ἢ၊ἣ·ᓣⵗἲ▂↲ⵢᵪⵊ૒ં῾ὢ૧Ỳ `Ἢ၊ᐉᴲ೒ᷚ↮ӎὶ૒. ὢંॻ⓺Ӯӿὢཪӎ૒ᅢ↮ᴸ૒. ᓦᷞ՚ંᢞᶳᕮጦϲἣ·ᓣⵗ, ؞ᨎ`ἣ·ᓣⵗὢॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ᓦ↶ὢ὾ॻ ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ᅪỲⵊⵣ᫚ῲྣὢཪંὦ᫋Ἢ၊ᕮ⤞▊ᐊⵆӎὶ૒. ὢ࿚ⵊ ὦ᫋ἲᐂ⣃Ἢ၊ॻ⓺Ӯӿᶾᤊὢზᶢ↮ӎὶં૒ᵿⵊᢚီᅪᐊբⵆᷚ ᫊ ⵖӪே᫊ᶾ, ὢᅪ⦎૮၊ॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ᅪỲⵊἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣἲ ␳`Ӫ ၊ ᫊ⵆંѱἲኗ`Ἢ၊ⵊ૒.

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연구 방법 ᓦᷞ՚ંᤎ⵷ᷞ՚ᏽӮဖ ␳೟ᶾ૮ⵊጦⶺѮ⦎, ⦣Ҳᕲᤋ, ॻ⓺ӮӿӪ Ӯဖఊ⃪Ẃ⃪⒢೒ᶾ૮ⵊᤒጦ⁞ᢚ, ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗ▂↲ᢚီ⁞ᢚ೟⡚ ѺऒϮ↮ᐗᒃἪ၊▂↲ఆᶶ૒. ጦⶺѮ⦎ᅪ⦣ⵢᤊંӮӿᢞᶳᏽॻ⓺Ӯӿ ὆ЊाӪᒂỲ, צᆚӎӮӿᢞᶳ὆⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂Ḯἣ·ᓣⵗ⪧᤟೟ἲᕲᤋ ⵆᷮἪ቞, ὢṦᶾல ᕮ὆ॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ ␳▂↲᫒⣊ᏽ᤟ӪḮⵊҲ ᅪᕲᤋⵆᷮ૒. ⦣ҲᕲᤋἮ⡚ѺాϮ↮ᕮᕲἪ၊ὢზᶢ›૒. ⒙⇦, ᢚᶳ⒢⦣Ҳᅪ⹊ẗⵆ ᷚॻ⓺↮ᷛ὆ӮӿᢞᶳᏽⵆỲᕮጦ὆׊ኖ೟ἲᕲᤋⵆᷮ૒. ె⇦, 2005ल, 2010ल, 2014लᢞᶳᷞӮⱊᅪ⹊ẗⵆᷚӮӿᢞᶳὢ↮ࢊ10लϲ⸃᤟·⹃૮ఆ ᶢḖኖ᪣ἲᕲᤋⵆᷮ૒. ᤒጦ⁞ᢚં┋ऒϮ↮ᅪ᫒᫊ⵆᷮ૒. ⒙⇦, ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗ᫒⣊ᅪᕲᤋ ⵆ؞Ỳⵢॻ⓺⒢ⷆ·⼢ᵿᆶἲ૮ⱊᅪ૮᢯Ἢ၊ᤒጦ⁞ᢚᅪ᫒᫊ⵆᷮӎ, ┋244 ЊᆶἲᶾᤊἿૣⵆᷮ૒. ె⇦, ॻ⓺᫊·՞὆ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗ᫒⣊ᅪᕲᤋⵆ ؞Ỳⵢ ՞ᏽலॻᓣⵗ᫊ॻ⓺Ӯӿૢ૧ӣጢẾἲ૮᢯Ἢ၊ᤒጦ⁞ᢚᅪ᫒᫊ ⵆᷮἪ቞, ┋121Њ᫊·՞ᶾᤊ⁞ᢚᶾἿⵆᷮ૒. ᤹⇦, ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗ᫒⣊ ᏽ ␳ᨆẂᶾ૮ⵊῲጦϮ೒὆὆Қἲᕲᤋⵆ؞Ỳⵢ ㈔ⵊ՛ॻᶢ⓺Ӯӿⵇ⹺ ⹺Ếἲ૮᢯Ἢ၊ᤒጦ⁞ᢚᅪ᫒᫊ⵆᷮἪ቞, ┋47ታ὆૮ⵇԾᨆᏽᐃᢚᷞ՚ ὾೒ὢ⁞ᢚᶾἿⵆᷮ૒. ᆶ↮ᆷἪ၊, ல᫊Ꮺ὆ॻ⓺Ӯӿҫⷆ᫒⣊Ḯἣ·ᓣⵗ ᨆẂᅪᕲᤋⵆ؞Ỳⵢῲ՛6૮ӿᷛ·⪧ᒲ᫊ᶾў⃪ⵆં20ᤦὢ᢯⃪Ꮺἲ૮ ᢯Ἢ၊ᤒጦ⁞ᢚᅪ᫒᫊ⵊҞӪ, ┋300ታ὆ல᫊Ꮺὢ⁞ᢚᶾἿૣⵆᷮ૒. ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗ▂↲ᢚီ⁞ᢚં՛ࢢᢚီ⁞ᢚḮⵢṦᢚီ⁞ᢚ, צᆚӎ ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ▂↲ἲỲⵊ↮ᷛўᑲࣺ᪒՚▃ᢚီ⁞ᢚ೟Ἢ၊՚ᕲ ⵆᷚᨆ⵷ⵆᷮ૒. ⪧⽶՛ࢢṦॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗ▂↲ᢚီ⁞ᢚં૒ᵿⵊἣ· ᓣⵗἎ⸃ἲᐊբⵆᷚ ᫊ⵆંѱἲኗ`Ἢ၊▂↲ⵆᷮ૒. ᓦᓢӎᤊᶾં⡚ ѺԾἏᕮጦӪ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗ, ጦ⹂᷶ᨎᕮጦӪ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗ, ⵊᐗᕮጦӪ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗ,

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Ṧ᫋ᢞᶳᕮጦӪ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗ, ICT ᕮጦӪ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗ, ↮ᷛϲ(὾Ếϲ)὆ἣ·ᓣ ⵗ, ؞⢮ἣ·ᓣⵗ೟Ἢ၊՚ᕲⵆᷚᢚီ⁞ᢚҞӪᅪ ᫊ⵆᷮ૒. 연구 결과 및 시사점 <ᤒጦ⁞ᢚҞӪ> ᤒጦ⁞ᢚᅪ⦣ⵢॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ӣ׷(ॻ⓺Ӯӿᆶἲ), ᥺ᘲ(ல᫊Ꮺ), ␳(↮὾⒢ ૢ૧ӣጢẾ, ॻ⓺ӮӿῲጦϮ)὆ᤦ⃪⒢ኖాॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗἲᇒẞ⃿ ẂⵊῲྣἪ၊ὦ᫋ⵆӎὶંѱἪ၊⹃ὦఆᶶ૒. ⪧⽶ὢ೒ᤦ⃪⒢ંᷞӮ ᢞᶳᕮጦӪ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗἲ⦣ⵢᢶ၊Ả⸃⣊὆ॻ⓺Ӯӿ᢯ⱶἲ␫▊ⵆંῲྣ, צᆚӎ؞⁢ॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊ே὆ᷞҲᅪ⦣ⵊ⬖⢒↮⹂ῲྣ೟ాϮ↮ᅪἣ·ᓣ ⵗῲྣ὆⃪Ẃ▂↲ᐗⶓἪ၊ὦ᫋ⵆӎὶ૒. ⵊ⮦ॻ⓺Ӯӿᆶἲ૮ⱊ, ᫊·՞ ॻ⓺Ӯӿૢ૧ӣጢẾ, ॻ⓺ӮӿῲጦϮኖాॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ᅪỲⵢ૒ᵿⵊ ῲጦᕲᵪḮ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗὢ⃿ẂⵖἲЃ⁞ⵆӎὶἪࢆ, ὢᅪ᫒ⷲⵎᨆ૖Ἢ၊૒ ᵿⵊῲጦ↿૖෾ંῲጦϮ೒Ӫ὆ⷿဓऒ⪦Ẻ⡚Ϯᇒẞᕮ ⵊѱἪ၊⁞ᢚఆ ᶶ૒. ॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ᅪỲⵢᤊંጪᆚ`ὦⳲཪ⨚὾Ϯᷚῲ⽶⃿ẂⵊѱἪ၊ ࢆ⢮࢚૒. ⅷ, ॻ⓺Ӯӿᆶἲ૮ⱊࢆ᫊·՞ॻ⓺Ӯӿૢ૧ӣጢẾ೒Ἦॻ⓺Ӯӿ ⹊᤟⹂ᅪỲⵢ᫊ᤒӪЇἮጪᆚ`ὦⳲཪ⨚὾Ϯᇒẞ⃿Ẃⵆ૒ӎ↮`ⵆӎ ὶ૒. צ࿚ࢆὢ࿚ⵊ⁞ᢚҞӪᅪல᫊ᏪᨆẂ⁞ᢚҞӪḮᷞҞⵆᷚᕲᤋⵆቢ, ⶓ⺲ⴲẂⵊॻ⓺ӮӿὦⳲཪં؞⁢὆ὦⳲཪ೒Ӫં૚ᆚICT ὦⳲཪ, ῲ⦣ ϮḓᨇᐃὦⳲཪ, ॻ⓺Ӯӿ૮᢯↮ᷛࢢ὆Ծ⦣ὦⳲཪᏽԾ⦣ᤊᘲ᪒೟ӪЇ ἮὦⳲཪཪⵎᨆὶ૒. ⵊ⮦, ૮ல⃪᫊Ꮺἲ૮᢯Ἢ၊᫒᫊ⵊᤒጦ⁞ᢚҞӪᶾഞᅢቢ, Ӯӿ᥺ᘲ὾ ὆Ꮶ྆ॻ⓺ӮӿᨆẂϮⷲᾚḮંᇒẞ૒ᅢѺᒮ⹂ఎѱἪ၊ῲᇋఆӎὶ૒. ⅷ, ॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ኗ`, ேᐆ὾Ἆ⸃, ᨇᐃ᫊ᤒ, Ծ⦣ᤊᘲ᪒, ᤎ⸦ⵆંⳲ၊צྖ ೟૒ᵿⵊ☏ቢᶾᤊ὆ᨆẂᒮ⹂Ϯ᷶᢯ఊ૒.

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<՛ࢢṦᢚီ⁞ᢚҞӪ> ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ▂↲὆՛ࢢṦᢚီᅪ⁞ᢚⵊҞӪ૒ἺӪЇἮ૒ᤝ Ϯ↮᫊ᢚ῾ἲல▊ⵎᨆὶᶶ૒. ⒙⇦, ॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ▂↲ӪӮဖ ⵊў὆ኖ೎ᢚီ὆▊ᐊ῾ὢታ⹃ⵊ⤺ᆶӮӿ὆ᤒ ӪظἮӮဖὢὶἺἲ ᐊҚⵆᷮ૒. ⅷ, ؞⁢὆ॻ⓺Ӯӿὢ⃪၊ॻᢚ⒢ⷆὢࢆॻ⓺ᣋ⹊⒢ⷆἲ⃿᫚Ἢ ၊▂↲ఊᐆቢ, ᓦᷞ՚὆ϯᢚီંἺ᫋Ӯӿ, ԾἏӮӿ, ጦ⹂᷶ᨎӮӿ, ῲ⦣ ጦ⹂Ӯӿ೟ॻ⓺Ӯӿᶾᤊ↮ⶓⵆં⃪ Ϯᇒẞ␖ᒲ`ὢӎታ⹃⵶૒. ె⇦, ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ▂↲὆؞⓶὾ẾἮⵢ૧↮ᷛ὆ள⪧ⵊॻ⓺ ὾ẾӪᓢἎ὾ẾὦѱἪ၊ೊ࿚࢚૒. ૒᫊ᆾⵢἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ᫊ᷛॻ⓺᤟Ӫ ⵖۆ↮ᷛ᤟ᶾ؞ᐆⵆӎὶἺἲᴺᨆὶ૒. ᤹⇦, ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ὆᤟⬖ંॻᶳṦᕲᵪᶾᤊῲጦ⹂ఊ↿૖, ؞ ᶳ, ῲጦϮ೟Ӫ὆ⷿဓ`ऒ⪦Ẻ⡚՚▃ᏽὢẗᶾ૚ဒὶ૒. थ⇦, ICTḮЇἮᢶ၊Ả؞ᨎᶾ὆ⵊॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗἮӮӿ᥺ᘲ὾὆ ᓢ῿ת᤟ἲ⡚Ѻ↋૮᫊✊Ӯӿ⹊ே␦ᷚᅪ⓷↲ⵎើᆺᴲશཪὦဓὢᕮ  ⵊॻ⓺ᶾᤊӮӿᴶࢢ೟ᶾⴲẂⵊὦဓἲ૮⒢ⵆં⃿Ẃⵊᨆ૖ὢఆંѱ Ἢ၊ࢆ⢮࢚૒. ૒ᤝ⇦, ॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗ▂↲ἲỲⵢᤊંЊᒲᢚᶳ⃪⒢὆Ἇ᤟ᓢ૒ં, ⸻᤟՞὆ᢚီḮЇὢЊᒲᢚᶳ⃪⒢೒ϲ὆ⷿဓ᫊᪒⥊՚▃ὢᓢ૒⃿Ẃⵆ ቞, ῲጦ⹂ఊ⃿ϲ↮Ế⁞↯ὢⴲẂⵆ૒. <ॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ᅪỲⵊἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ▂↲ᐗⶓ> ᓦᷞ՚ં૒ᵿⵊ⁞ᢚḮᕲᤋ὆ҞӪᅪᐂ⣃Ἢ၊ἣ·ᓣⵗॻ⓺Ӯӿ▂↲ἲ Ỳⵊ⃿·ᾓ؞`ὦ ␳ᐗⶓӪὢᅪ᫒ⷲⵆ؞Ỳⵊॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ▂ ↲Ӫ ᅪ ᫊ⵆᷮ૒. ሪ΅, ἣ·ᓣⵗॻ⓺Ӯӿ▂↲ ␳὆ᐗⶓᶾં૒ἺӪ ЇὢऒϮ↮ᅪ ᫊ⵆᷮ૒. ⒙⇦, ӣ׷⃪ல⸃ॻ⓺ӮӿᶾᤊᨆẂ⃪ல⸃ॻ⓺ ӮӿἪ၊ῲ⹆ⵢᵪⵊ૒. ె⇦, ॻᢚ⒢ⷆὢࢆॻ⓺ᣋ⹊⒢ⷆ, צᆚӎᆶἲ⃿᫚

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Ἢ၊▂↲ఊ؞⁢ॻ⓺Ӯӿ ␳὆૮᢯ӪᒂỲᅪ⹃૮ⵢᵪⵊ૒. ᤹⇦, ॻ⓺Ӯ ӿ⹊᤟⹂ᅪỲⵊ ␳↮Ế὆ᐗⶓἲῲ⹆ⵢᵪⵊ૒. ⅷ, ᷯॻ⒢ⷆ᫊ᤒ, ⵇ᪣ Ӯ, ⫾ᇒ᫊ᤒ೟ӣ׷὾⃿᫚὆؞ᐆ՚▃↮Ếᶾᤊ᥺ᘲ὾೒὆ᨆẂϮ⹃૮ఆ ӎὶં⽾ᆯ, ѢЃ♆Ἆ, ᣋ⣊⒢ⷆ, Ἲ᫋⒢ⷆ, ᷛᢚἎ`ᏽጦ⹂὾Ế⒢ⷆ, ῲ ⦣·ⶓ⦎·ጦ⹂·᷶ᨎ⒢ⷆ೟ӪӮဖఊ᫊ᤒ՚▃ᏽ ᘲᶾ૮ⵊ↮ẾὢЃ⹂ఆ ᶢᵪⵊ૒. थ⇦, Њᒲӣ׷὾Ἇ᤟ᶾᤊ↮ᷛॻ⓺Ӯӿўᑲࣺ᪒Ἇ᤟Ἢ၊ῲ⹆ ఎⴲẂϮὶ૒. ὢ࿚ⵊ ␳ᐗⶓἲ᫒ⷲⵆ؞ỲⵊᐗᴶἪ၊૒ἺӪЇὢ૒ᤝϮ↮ॻ⓺Ӯ ӿἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ▂↲Ӫ ᅪ ᫊ⵆᷮ૒. ⒙⇦, 1᫊·՞ᒲ1⤺ᆶॻ⓺ӮӿἏ᤟ ἲ⦣ⵢ↮ᷛᒲ␖ᒲ⹂Ḯॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗ⹂Ϯⵖۆ▂↲ఆᶢᵪⵊ૒. ె⇦, ॻ⓺Ӯӿ⃿ϲ↮Ế⁞↯Ӫῲጦ؞ᶳἲἏ᤟ⵆᷚॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ᢞᶳ⹂Ḯ`ק`ὦ ᫊ᾓ␦ᷚᅪ⓷↲ⵢᵪⵊ૒. ᤹⇦, Ӯӿ᥺ᘲ὾὆ᨆẂᒮ⹂ᶾഞᅦἣ·ᓣⵗ⸃ ॻ⓺ӮӿὦⳲཪ՚▃ἲ⹃૮ⵎⴲẂϮὶ૒. थ⇦, ᨆẂ὆Њᒲ⹂, ᕲῶ⹂၊ ὦⵊᆶὢ⡚၊Ӯӿ὆⹃૮ᶾ૮Ἷⵆ؞ỲⵢICTḮὦӣ↮ઓ೟ἲҞⵗⵊὦ ⤞࿷⫞ᗺ⛒᎒શ⛮ᶾ᥆ῲྣἲ`ק`Ἢ၊▂↲ⵎⴲẂϮὶ૒. ૒ᤝ⇦, ॻ⓺ Ӯӿἲॻ⓺ҫ ὆؞ᐆᢞᶳἪ၊Ἇ᤟ⵆ؞Ỳⵢॻ⓺Ӯӿ↲⽓Ҳ⹻ἲᨆᆫⵆᷚ Ӯဖ↮Ếᢚᶳἲᓢ૒⒢Ҳ`Ἢ၊▂↲ⵆંⵊ⮦, ἣ·ᓣⵗॻ⓺Ӯӿ▂↲὆⹃ ૮ᅪỲⵢӮҲᕮ⒆Ḯ὆ⷿဓᢚᶳἲ`ק`Ἢ၊ᐊբⵎⴲẂϮὶ૒.

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ABSTRACT

Convergence Strategies to Vitalize Rural Tourism

The present study is based on the awareness that industrial convergence and technological convergence are the core strategies and the essence of rural tourism. There are two main purposes of the study; 1) discovering and presenting various examples of rural tourism which can show convergence in rural areas; 2) presenting convergence strategies as policy tasks to vitalize rural tourism.

In order to achieve the purposes, this study employes 4 main methods including literature review for previous studies and related policies, statistical analyses, surveys of principal agents related to rural tourism, and case studies for convergence in rural tourism.

As results, this study presents policy implementation direction of convergence strategies in rural tourism and policy tasks for the strategies. For the implementation direction, this study suggests to consider the following poiloy directions; 1) the transition from the provider-oriented rural tourism to consumer-oriented rural tourism; 2) expansion of policy scope in rural tourism; 3) the change of policy direction to support the vitalizations of rural tourism; and 4) promoting governance establishment for local rural tourism instead of nurturing individual provider.

This study also suggests to consider the following policy tasks; 1) fostering one theme rural tourism in one rural si or gun; 2) nurturing specialized enterprises and middle supportive organizations for rural tourism; 3)

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constructing infrastructure for convergence type of rural tourism; 4) developing interactive communication strategies, and 4) advancing a promotion plan for rural tourism industries and discovering collaborative programs among related government departments.

Researchers: Kim Kwangsun; An sok; Park jiyeon Research period: 2016. 6. ∼ 2016. 12.

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␖ီ

제1장 서론 1. ᷞ՚ᐞҫᏽኗ` ··· 1 2. ⃪Ẃᷞ՚ࢢẗӪᐗᒃ ··· 4 제2장 관광산업의 패러다임 변화와 농촌관광 1. Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆ЊाӪᒂỲ ··· 7 2. Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂Ḯἣ·ᓣⵗ⹂ ··· 12 3. Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆՚⁞Ḯᕲ⯚ ··· 17 4. Ӯӿᢞᶳᒮ⹂ᶾഞᅦॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ЊाӪᒂỲᤒ ··· 23 5. ᥺Ҟᏽᕲᤋ՚⁞ ··· 26 제3장 우리나라 농촌관광 정책의 변화와 실태 1. ॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ ␳὆▂↲ᐞҫ ··· 29 2. ᫊૮ᒲॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ ␳὆⃪Ẃࢢẗ ··· 31 3. ᕮ὆Ӯӿᢞᶳἣ·ᓣⵗᏽ↮ᷛӮӿ↮Ế ␳ ··· 44 4. ॻ⓺Ӯӿ ␳὆᤟ӪḮⵊҲ ··· 49 제4장 농촌관광 운영 및 융·복합 실태 1. ᫒⣊⁞ᢚЊẂ ··· 55 2. ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗ▂↲᫒⣊ ··· 57 3. ல᫊Ꮺ὆ॻ⓺Ӯӿҫⷆ᫒⣊Ḯἣ·ᓣⵗᨆẂ ··· 70 4. ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗ᫒⣊ᏽல᫊ᏪᨆẂ⁞ᢚҞӪ὆᫊ᢚ῾ ··· 79

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제5장 농촌관광 융·복합 전략 추진의 국내외 사례 1. ᢚီ⁞ᢚЊẂ ··· 83 2. ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ▂↲὆՛ࢢᢚီ ··· 86 3. ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ▂↲὆Ὢᓦᢚီ ··· 138 4. ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗ▂↲ἲỲⵊ↮ᷛўᑲࣺ᪒՚▃ᢚီ: ⸻᤟՞ ··· 154 5. ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ▂↲ᢚီ὆᫊ᢚ῾ ··· 175 제6장 농촌관광 활성화를 위한 융·복합 전략 추진 방향 1. ἣ·ᓣⵗॻ⓺Ӯӿ▂↲ ␳὆ᐗⶓ ··· 179 2. ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ▂↲Ӫ ··· 186 부록 1. Ӯӿ↲⽓ᒃ׊ ᶾഞᅦ೟။‧ⶶϮ‧ᫎӎ‧↮ Ӯӿᢚᶳ⒢ ··· 203 2. Ӯӿᢞᶳ⪧ᨆᕲᅆḮⵊ՛ⱊ⃮ᢞᶳᕲᅆᘲԾ ··· 204 3. ॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ᅪỲⵊἣ·ᓣⵗ᫒⣊⁞ᢚ: ᆶἲ⁞ᢚ ··· 209 4. ॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ᅪỲⵊἣ·ᓣⵗ᫒⣊⁞ᢚ: ᫊·՞ӣጢẾ⁞ᢚ ··· 219 5. ॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ᅪỲⵊἣ·ᓣⵗ᫒⣊⁞ᢚ: ῲጦϮ⁞ᢚ ··· 227 6. ॻᶢ⓺ӮӿᐊῲᐗᴶᆶဖἲỲⵊல᫊ᏪᨆẂ⁞ᢚ ··· 235 7. ॻᶢ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗᢚီἎ⸃ᒲ⺲ᓢ ··· 243 참고문헌 ··· 251

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ⱊ␖ီ

제2장 <ⱊ2-1> EU὆Ӯӿᢞᶳᕲᅆ ··· 9 <ⱊ2-2> UN-WTO὆Ӯӿᢞᶳᕲᅆ ··· 10 <ⱊ2-3> ⷲ⵷Ӯӿᢞᶳ⪧ᨆᕲᅆЊẂ ··· 11 <ⱊ2-4> ⵊ՛ⱊ⃮ᢞᶳᕲᅆ၊ῲ⹆‧ᨆ ఊᓦᷞ՚὆Ӯӿᢞᶳᕲᅆ ··· 19 <ⱊ2-5> ↮ᷛᒲӮӿᢞᶳ⁳ᢚ὾ᕲ⯚(2014ल) ··· 22 제3장 <ⱊ3-1> ॻ⓺Ӯӿ⼢ᵿ὾ẾЊᐊᢚᶳ὆⃪ẂࢢẗӪ▂↲ⷲ⹗ ··· 33 <ⱊ3-2> ␳ᢚᶳἲ⦣ⵊॻ⓺Ӯӿᆶἲ⁞᤟ⷲ⹗(2011ल) ··· 35 <ⱊ3-3> Ӯӿ(⒢ⷆ‧⼢ᵿ)؞ᐆ՚▃ᕮጦᢚᶳ὆ᘲԾ ··· 36 <ⱊ3-4> ॻᆪ▃ᢞ᫋ⱶᕮॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ᅪỲⵊ2016ल4૮ᕲᵪ28ЊӪ ··· 43 <ⱊ3-5> Ӯӿ↲⽓5ЊलҲ⹻ᕮጦᒲ▂↲ῲྣ ··· 45 <ⱊ3-6> ↮ᷛӮӿ↲⽓ῲྣӪᢚᶳҲ⹻ ··· 48 제4장 <ⱊ4-1> ᤒጦ⁞ᢚ὆ЊẂ ··· 56 <ⱊ4-2> ॻ⓺ӮӿῲጦϮᏽ᫊‧՞ӣጢẾ὆ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗᶾ૮ⵊὦ᫋··· 60 <ⱊ4-3> ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ὆ⷲᾚ⹊᤟⹂⮷Ϯ ··· 62 <ⱊ4-4> ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ὆Ꮶ྆⃿Ẃ᤟⮷Ϯ ··· 64 <ⱊ4-5> ॻ⓺⒢ⷆ‧⼢ᵿᆶἲ὆ⷿဓऒ⪦Ẻ⡚⹊ẗኗ` ··· 67 <ⱊ4-6> ॻ⓺⒢ⷆ‧⼢ᵿᆶἲ὆ኗ`ᒲ ᓢ⦣ᫎ؞ᨎ⹊ẗ᫒⣊ ··· 68 <ⱊ4-7> ॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ᅪỲⵢⴲẂⵊ ᕮ↮ẾᨆẂ ··· 70 <ⱊ4-8> ૮ல᫊ў⃪὾೒὆ॻ⓺Ӯӿᐗጦ↮ᕲ⯚ ··· 72 <ⱊ4-9> ૮ல᫊ў⃪὾೒὆ⶓ⺲ॻ⓺Ӯӿᐗጦ↮ᨆẂ ··· 77

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제5장 <ⱊ5-1> ҫ؞லὢ⒊᫊௪↮ᓢ࿚Ḓቢ௪↮ἣ·ᓣⵗЊẂ ··· 88 <ⱊ5-2> ௪↮ᓢ࿚Ḓቢ௪↮ἣ·ᓣⵗ↮Ế ··· 91 <ⱊ5-3> ᴲ⪦ὦḒᆚἣ·ᓣⵗЊẂ ··· 95 <ⱊ5-4> ૮჏ᆶἲᴲ⪦ὦḒᆚἣ·ᓣⵗ⃪⒢ᏽᷛⵎ ··· 96 <ⱊ5-5> ᴶୃᆶἲἣ·ᓣⵗЊẂ ··· 102 <ⱊ5-6> ᴶୃᆶἲἣ·ᓣⵗ⃪⒢ᏽᷛⵎ ··· 104 <ⱊ5-7> ᴶୃᆶἲॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗ↮Ế ··· 105 <ⱊ5-8> ⹺⓺ॻϮᇉ↿⦎Ẃἣ·ᓣⵗЊẂ ··· 109 <ⱊ5-9> ⹺⓺ॻϮᇉ↿⦎Ẃἣ·ᓣⵗ⃪⒢ᏽᷛⵎ ··· 112 <ⱊ5-10> ׶⒊պᷛἣ·ᓣⵗЊẂ ··· 117 <ⱊ5-11> ᤚ↲Ѓ׶⒊պᷛἣ·ᓣⵗ⃪⒢ᏽᷛⵎ ··· 119 <ⱊ5-12> ҫ؞லᷞ⒊՞ᷞ⒊ॻ⓺ӮӿCBᤪ⤞ἣ·ᓣⵗЊẂ ··· 124 <ⱊ5-13> ᷞ⒊ॻ⓺ӮӿCBᤪ⤞ἣ·ᓣⵗ⃪⒢ᏽᷛⵎ ··· 126 <ⱊ5-14> ῲ⦣ӎ⣋ᆚ⁞⪦՚ᅲᶾἣ·ᓣⵗЊẂ ··· 131 <ⱊ5-15> ῲ⦣ӎ⣋ᆚ⁞⪦՚ᅲᶾἣ·ᓣⵗ⃪⒢ᏽᷛⵎ ··· 134 <ⱊ5-16> ૒ὢ♆᷶ᨎ Њ╊ЊẂ ··· 150 <ⱊ5-17> ⸻᤟՞὆4૮▃Ӫ7૮պᷛ ··· 155 <ⱊ5-18> ⸻᤟՞὆⃪ẂӮӿ὾Ế ··· 157 <ⱊ5-19> ⸻᤟՞὆2016लጦ⹂Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ᢚᶳ ··· 158 <ⱊ5-20> ⸻᤟՞ॻ⓺ӮӿẢᷯ⒢ⷲ⹗ ··· 159 <ⱊ5-21> ⸻᤟லॻԾᅆᤪ⤞὆Ⳳ၊צྖⷲ⹗ ··· 162 <ⱊ5-22> ⸻᤟லॻԾᅆᤪ⤞2016ल▂↲ᢚᶳⷲ⹗ ··· 163 <ⱊ5-23> ⸻᤟՞὆ॻ⓺Ӯӿ▂↲ῲྣᒲ⃪Ẃ▂↲ࢢẗ ··· 166 <ⱊ5-24> ⸻᤟՞ॻᶳ؞ᨎᤪ⤞὆ॻ⓺⒢ⷆӮӿ▂↲ᢚᶳⷲ⹗ ··· 167 <ⱊ5-25> லॻԾᅆᤪ⤞὆ᷛⵎӪ؞ઓ ··· 169 <ⱊ5-26> ⸻᤟⦣὆␦⃪ᷚ⒢ⷲ⹗Ӫ⃪Ẃ⹊ேࢢẗ ··· 171

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צᆪ␖ီ

제1장 <צᆪ1-1> ᷞ՚⼾ᅲல ··· 6 제2장 <צᆪ2-1> 4ᕮጦᐊῲ૖Ҳὢ၎ ··· 13 <צᆪ2-2> Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂ ··· 15 <צᆪ2-3> ἣ·ᓣⵗӮӿ὆ ␳ᷯᷛ ··· 17 <צᆪ2-4> Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆ῲ⺲ᐗᷞҲ՚⁞(2005ल) ··· 20 <צᆪ2-5> Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆ῲ⺲ᐗᷞҲ՚⁞(2010ल) ··· 20 <צᆪ2-6> Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆ῲ⺲ᐗᷞҲ՚⁞(2014ल) ··· 20 <צᆪ2-7> ↮ᷛἎ⸃ᒲӮӿᢞᶳ⪧⹂ல(2014ल) ··· 22 <צᆪ2-8> ᷞ՚὆⃪ẂࢢẗӪᕲᤋ՚⁞ ··· 27 제3장 <צᆪ3-1> ॻᶢ⓺⒢ⷆ·⼢ᵿᆶἲ᷶ᢞ↮Ếῶ␖ ··· 39 <צᆪ3-2> ॻ⓺Ӯӿ೟׷⫾ Ӫ⸻ᓢ ··· 41 <צᆪ3-3> ॻ⓺Ӯӿ┋ྷᒮ⹂ ··· 50 제4장 <צᆪ4-1> ॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ⵣ᫚ẗᶢᤎ ··· 58 <צᆪ4-2> ॻ⓺Ӯӿᆺ ல ··· 73 <צᆪ4-3> ॻ⓺ӮӿጢҫⷆὢἎ ··· 74 <צᆪ4-4> ⶓ⺲ॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆⃪Ẃኗ` ··· 75 <צᆪ4-5> ⶓ⺲ॻ⓺Ӯӿὢ⹊᤟⹂ఆ؞ỲⵢϮᾓ⃿ẂⵊẂ᥺ ··· 78

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<צᆪ4-6> ⶓ⺲ॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ⵣ᫚Ⳳ၊צྖ෾ંӮӿࢢẗ ··· 79 제5장 <צᆪ5-1> ἣ·ᓣⵗॻ⓺Ӯӿኖᒂᢚီᤎ ··· 84 <צᆪ5-2> ἣ·ᓣⵗॻ⓺Ӯӿኖᒂᢚီᤎ ··· 85 <צᆪ5-3> ҫ؞லὢ⒊᫊௪↮ᓢ࿚Ḓቢ௪↮ἣ·ᓣⵗ՚⁞ ··· 87 <צᆪ5-4> ௪↮ᐃጪӮ ··· 90 <צᆪ5-5> ௪↮ӣᷞ ··· 90 <צᆪ5-6> ௪↮ӮဖԾἏ⒢ⷆⳲ၊צྖ ··· 90 <צᆪ5-7> ܱ௪↮▃ ··· 90 <צᆪ5-8> ௪↮ᓢ࿚Ḓቢ௪↮ἣ·ᓣⵗऒ⪦Ẻ⡚ ··· 91 <צᆪ5-9> ؞ᾓ՞૮჏ᆶἲᴲ⪦ὦḒᆚἣ·ᓣⵗ՚⁞ ··· 94 <צᆪ5-10> ᴲ⪦ὦḒᆚጢὦ♢⮆ ··· 97 <צᆪ5-11> ᴲ⪦ὦḒᆚВ࿚ᆚ ··· 97 <צᆪ5-12> ᴲ⪦ὦḒᆚӣ᷶⒢ⷆⳲ၊צྖ ··· 98 <צᆪ5-13> ӣ὿᥺ቢ ··· 98 <צᆪ5-14> ᕮᢞ૮჏ᆶἲᴲ⪦ὦḒᆚἣ·ᓣⵗऒ⪦Ẻ⡚ ··· 99 <צᆪ5-15> ᴶୃᆶἲἣ·ᓣⵗ՚⁞ ··· 101 <צᆪ5-16> ⵊ὆Ế↲Ⴚ⒢ⷆ ··· 103 <צᆪ5-17> ᱓༦⒢ⷆ ··· 103 <צᆪ5-18> Ởᙇ᫋૧ ··· 103 <צᆪ5-19> ⹗⦎ᨇ᥺ ··· 103 <צᆪ5-20> ᴶୃᆶἲἣ·ᓣⵗऒ⪦Ẻ⡚ ··· 104 <צᆪ5-21> ᴶୃᆶἲἣ·ᓣⵗᵿ`᤟Ӫ ··· 107 <צᆪ5-22> ⹺⓺ॻϮᇉ↿⦎Ẃἣ·ᓣⵗ՚⁞ ··· 108 <צᆪ5-23> ⹺⓺ॻϮᇉ↿⦎Ẃ࿶᪒⦎ཿ ··· 111 <צᆪ5-24> ⹺⓺ॻϮᇉ↿⦎ẂἺ᫋⒢ⷆⳲ၊צྖ ··· 111 <צᆪ5-25> ⹺⓺ॻϮᇉ↿⦎ẂВ࿚ᆚ♢⮆޶ ··· 111

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<צᆪ5-26> ⹺⓺ॻϮᇉ↿⦎ẂϮӣⱶᨎᙣ ··· 111 <צᆪ5-27> ⹺⓺ᆶἲॻϮᇉ↿⦎Ẃἣ·ᓣⵗऒ⪦Ẻ⡚ ··· 113 <צᆪ5-28> ׶⒊պᷛἣ·ᓣⵗ՚⁞ ··· 116 <צᆪ5-29> ኖᐂὪᵟ ··· 118 <צᆪ5-30> ῲ؞὾ῲў ··· 118 <צᆪ5-31> ⣊ᵿӿᐊῲ؞ ··· 118 <צᆪ5-32> BIS ᤊᘲ᪒ ··· 118 <צᆪ5-33> ᤚ↲Ѓ׶⒊պᷛἣ·ᓣⵗऒ⪦Ẻ⡚ ··· 120 <צᆪ5-34> ᤚ↲Ѓ׶⒊պᷛᐗጦЋ᤟Ӫ ··· 122 <צᆪ5-35> ᷞ⒊ॻ⓺ӮӿCBᤪ⤞ἣ·ᓣⵗ՚⁞ ··· 123 <צᆪ5-36> ᒿᷯ⒢ⷆ ··· 125 <צᆪ5-37> ᣋ⣊⒢ⷆ ··· 125 <צᆪ5-38> Ϯ ⒢ⷆ ··· 125 <צᆪ5-39> ⬊⫺⫞ ··· 125 <צᆪ5-40> ᷞ⒊ॻ⓺ӮӿCBᤪ⤞ἣ·ᓣⵗऒ⪦Ẻ⡚ ··· 127 <צᆪ5-41> ᷞ⒊ॻ⓺ӮӿCBᤪ⤞᤟Ӫ ··· 129 <צᆪ5-42> ῲ⦣ӎ⣋ᆚ⁞⪦՚ᅲᶾἣ·ᓣⵗ՚⁞ ··· 130 <צᆪ5-43> ῲ⦣ӎ⣋ᆚ⁞⪦ӎ⣋ᨇᐃ૖↮ ··· 133 <צᆪ5-44> ῲ⦣ӎ⣋ᆚ⁞⪦Ἲ᫋ᤊᘲ᪒: ⁞᫋ቂ੢Њᐊ ··· 133 <צᆪ5-45> ⵆ⹺ᒲᫎխ⢶८ὢഞཪᐞẞ؞⒢ⷆ ··· 133 <צᆪ5-46> ⛖ᒒ᥆ᏽⵊ᫋⛮ὢ⤞ᆯ ··· 133 <צᆪ5-47> ᪒ࢳ┚ᷯ⒢ⷆ ··· 133 <צᆪ5-48> ῲ⦣ӣ᷶⒢ⷆ: ӎጢᫎᆺ೒؞ ··· 133 <צᆪ5-49> ῲ⦣ӎ⣋ᆚ⁞⪦՚ᅲᶾἣ·ᓣⵗऒ⪦Ẻ⡚ ··· 135 <צᆪ5-50> ῲ⦣ӎ⣋ᆚ⁞⪦՚ᅲᶾἣ·ᓣⵗᇒ▊ᵏ᤟Ӫ ··· 137 <צᆪ5-51> ἣ·ᓣⵗॻ⓺Ӯӿኖᒂᢚီᤎ ··· 139 <צᆪ5-52> ᆶὢზ⪦Ϯὢೊ᫊᪒⥊ ··· 142 <צᆪ5-53> ᓢ ӣ⸶⮆ὢ↮ᏽ᪒⣚Ⳳྎᆚ ··· 144

(18)

<צᆪ5-54> ᷶ᨎ ὆⃪ᏪӪᤊ⯚⤞ ··· 146 <צᆪ5-55> ૒ὢ♆᷶ᨎ ❆ᤷ⪦Ḯ὿ⱶ՞ ··· 147 <צᆪ5-56> ‘↲⇊⒢ⷆ’ Ⳳ၊צྖࢢẗ ··· 153 <צᆪ5-57> ⸻᤟՞ॻ⓺Ӯӿҫᷯ⒢὆Ꮺϲ⁞↯⹂ ··· 160 <צᆪ5-58> ⸻᤟՞ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗࢢẗ ··· 164 <צᆪ5-59> ⸻᤟՞ॻ⓺ӮӿᆶἲӮဖᕮᤊḮ⃿ϲ↮Ế⁞↯, Ꮺϲ૖⒢ⷲ⹗ ··· 165 <צᆪ5-60> ⸻᤟⦣὆␦ᷚⷲ⹗ӪӮҲ ··· 170 <צᆪ5-61> ⸻᤟⦣ࢢॻ⓺Ӯӿ⁞↯Ӫ૒ᵿⵊ⃪⒢Ḯ὆ӮҲ ··· 172 <צᆪ5-62> ᫊؞ᒲ⸻᤟՞ॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆⃪Ẃ⪧⇃ ··· 174 제6장 <צᆪ6-1> ᾓ᥺⫾⓷ὢ၎ἲ`ẗⵊॻ⓺⤺ᆶӮӿҲ⹻ᨆᆫᏽ▂↲⒢Ҳ ··· 188 <צᆪ6-2> ॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗ▂↲ᏽ⹊᤟⹂▂↲՚⁞ ··· 192 <צᆪ6-3> Ở⓺὆ॻ⓺Ӯӿ ᓢ ӣᢚီ ··· 198

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ᤊ၎

1. ᷞ՚ᐞҫᏽኗ`

՛Ϯҫ ϮᐊῲⵆӎϮҲ὆᥺ೋὢ↋Ϯⵎᨆ။ӮӿӪЇἮᷚϮᶾ૮ⵊ ᥺ᘲ↮▊ὢ⹃૮ఆ؞ᆶဖὢ૒. ᥺ೋὢ`ἲഺં⃪၊᫋Ⴚⱶ᥺ᘲ὆ᘲ⃿ὢ ῲ⒢᥺ೋᶾᤊ␖↮ⵆંᘲ⃿ὢ⡚↮ᆺ, ϮҲ὆᥺ೋὢ↋ϮⵆቢᤊὢṦᶾ↮ ▊ⵎᨆὶંᷚ↮Ϯ⛒↮؞ഺጦὢ૒. Ӯӿᶾ૮ⵊ᥺ᘲ↮▊ὢ↋Ϯⵖᶾഞ ཪ՛Ϯ`Ἢ၊லӮӿᢞᶳὢ⸃᤟ᏽ᤟ᾓⵆѺఊ૒. ὢ ᤎ↲՛೒ἲ⃿᫚Ἢ ၊ᆼἮࢆཪᶾᤊӮӿᢞᶳἮ՛ᕮᅪ↋૮ⵖἮጪ၎ᨆᆼἮὪ὾ᆚᅪ␫▊ⵆ ંᢶ၊Ả؞ᐆᢞᶳἪ၊ὦ᫋ఆӎὶ૒. OECD ᓢӎᤊᶾഞᅢቢ, 2014ल؞⃮Ἢ၊⹺Ế՛೒὆ҫẞӮӿᕮጦὢ↯῿ `Ἢ၊؞ᷚⵆંGDP ૮ᘲᘲ⃿ὢ4.1%ᶾὢᅢӎὶ૒. ෾ῲᢞᶳӎẗ὆ 5.9%ᅪ, ῲ⒢ᤊᘲ᪒ᨆ▊὆21.3%ᅪӮӿᕮጦὢૢ૧ⵆӎὶ૒(OECD 2016). ῲᤦҲ`Ἢ၊ંᷚ⵷·Ӯӿᕮጦ὆↯ϲ῿`ὦῲ⒢؞ᷚϮGDP὆9.8%, ӎẗ ὆9.4%ᶾὢᅢંѱἪ၊▂ ఆӎὶ૒(World Travel & Tourism Council 2015).

ẞᆚࢆཪ὆ҫẞலҫ ᐊῲӪ՛Ꮺ೒὆᥺ೋ↋૮ᶾഞཪӮӿᕮጦ὆᤟ᾓ ὢϮ᥻⹂ఆӎὶ૒. 1970लᆺⵆୂཪலϮҲ὆՛ࢢ᥺ᘲ↮▊ᶾᤊ᫋Ⴚⱶᏽ

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ᘲ⃪ᅆἺႺⱶᶾ૮ⵊ᥺ᘲ↮▊ὢ␖↮ⵆંᘲ⃿ὢᵫ40%ᶾὢᅢ࿮↮ᆺ, 2015ल ὆ҫẞேᘲ⃿ὢ13.4%၊⃲ᶢ೒ᶶ૒. ᐆቢḒཫጦ⹂ḮἺ᫋ᨇᐃ, Ծ⦣ӪЇ ὢ ӮӿӪ Ӯဖⵊ ᕲᵪ὆ ᥺ᘲ↮▊ὢ ՛ࢢ ᥺ᘲ↮▊ᶾᤊ ␖↮ⵆં ᘲ⃿Ἦ 1970ल19.3%ᶾᤊ2015ल28.9%၊↋Ϯⵆᷮ૒.1_{՛Ꮺ೒ὢ↯῿`Ἢ၊Ӯӿ᥺} ᘲᶾ↮▊ⵆંᷞϲ┋ᵏ᫊ᷛ2015ल؞⃮Ἢ၊15,160,937ᐟᆺẾ, ᷞϲӮӿ ┋ྷἮ197,825,692Ὢᶾὢᅢӎὶ૒. ὢં2010लலḮᘲԾⵆᷚϯϯ73.0% Ḯ52.6% ↋ϮⵊҞӪὢ૒(ጦ⹂⒢ἏӮӿᕮ2011, 2016). ᵌ὆Ӯӿ᥺ᘲ┋↮ ▊ᵏἮ2015लẞᆚࢆཪGDP ૮ᘲ1.04% ׊ኖᅪࢆ⢮ࢢӎὶ૒. ẞᆚࢆཪᶾᤊலӮӿᕮጦ᫊ᾓὢὢ࿵Ѻ⹃૮ఆቢᤊ, ӮဖᢞᶳὦӮӿᢞᶳ ᫊ᷛ῾␖⸃᤟·⹃૮ఆӎὶ૒. Ӯӿᢞᶳ⪧ᨆᕲᅆᶾഞཪ׊ኖᅪ☏ ⵆቢẞ ᆚࢆཪ὆ҫẞ2014ल؞⃮Ἢ၊ῲ՛ᶾӮӿᢞᶳᕮጦᢚᶳ⒢Ϯ547,563Њ᥺, ⁳ᢚ὾ં1,756,509ታὢᕲ⯚ⵆӎὶ૒. ὢં2006ल૮ᘲϯϯ8.7%Ḯ17.5% Ϯ↋ϮⵊҞӪὢ૒. ὢ ẞᆚࢆཪலӮӿὢҫ ᤟ᾓἲᐂ⣃Ἢ၊, ՛Ϯҫ ὆↮᥻`ὦ᤟ᾓϮઓ᤟ἲҚὦⵆંᢶ၊Ả؞ᐆᢞᶳἪ၊ὦ᫋ఆӎὶ૒. Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆᤟ᾓἮॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆⹃૮லҚὦⵊ૒. ॻ⓺ӮӿὢὪ⏻ᕮ⤞᤟ᾓ ⵆ؞᫊὿ⵊἎ࿫ᤎ↲՛೒὆ҫẞॻ⓺Ӯӿ᫊ᾓὢӮӿᕮጦᶾᤊ␖↮ⵆં ᘲ⃿ὢ20%ᶾ૚ⵆӎὶ૒. ҫᾯӪῲጦ`ὦҫᷯἲ⦣ⵢӮӿ᫊ᾓᶾ`ק` Ἢ၊␦ᷚⵆቢᤊॻ⓺Ӯӿἲ‘ᢚᶳ’ὢᴲ઺‘ᢞᶳ’὆Ӯ῾ᶾᤊ῿תⵢḖҞӪ ὢ૒. ῲጦ`ὦӮӿҫᷯ⒢Ϯ↮ᷛ`Ἢ၊ើᆺᴲશཪῲ՛`Ἢ၊ऒ⪦Ẻ⡚⹂ ఆᶢᢞᶳ`⁞↯⒢ҲᅪЄ▂ӎὶંѱἮጪ၎, ᷚ࿚ᕲᵪḮ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗἲ⦣ ⵢЊᒲ⹂, ᕲῶ⹂, ⫺⮦⹂ఊ᥺ᘲ὾ᨆẂᅪ▗ ⵎᨆὶல။૒ᵿⵊⳲ၊צྖ ἲЊᐊⵆӎὶ૒. ẞᆚࢆཪ὆ҫẞᶾં1980ल૮غ↮ᆺⵆୂཪல՛Ꮺ೒ᶾѺॻ⓺ӮӿἮᇒ ẞ࢝ᤎẗᶢᷮ૒. ॻ⓺↮ᷛἪ၊Ӯӿἲ૒मḒୂཪலצѱἮצ࣓ᢞ⁹ӎጪ ᆿἮӡὢࢆታᪧ↮ᅪ஺ᴲᓢӎḒંἎེᶾᕶӪ⵶૒. ॻ⓺᤟ᶾ૮ⵊ⒢ⷆӪ 1 ὾Ⴚ: ⦣Ҳ⒛. ՛ᏪҲ ⦣Ҳ, ╊⁳᥺ᘲ↮▊.

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ંўᆚϮሪኗ`὆Ӯӿὢᶶ૒. צ࿚ࢆӮӿᕮጦ὆᫊ᾓ׊ኖ὾⒢Ϯ⛒↮ӎ, Ӯӿ᥺ᘲ὾೒ὢЊᒲ⹂ఊኗ`Ἢ၊૒ᵿⵊἎ⸃὆Ӯӿἲ▂՚ⵆѺఆቢᤊॻ ⓺Ӯӿᶾ૮ⵊ᥺ᘲ὾ᨆẂࢆ᫊ᾓ׊ኖ᫊ᷛ᤟ᾓⵆᷚṂ૒. ὢ ંॻ⓺Ӯӿ ὢӪўḮં૚ᆚ, ॻ⓺ҫ ᶾ૮ⵊ؞ᷚϮ↋૮ⵆቢᤊॻ⓺↮ᷛҫ ὆؞ᐆ ෾ંॻ⓺὆ᢶ၊Ả؞ᐆᢞᶳἪ၊᤟ᾓⵎᨆὶ૒ં؞૮Ϯ⸃᤟ఆӎὶ૒. צ࿚ࢆӮӿᕮጦ὆᫊ᾓ⹃૮, ॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆᤟ᾓᶾலẞᆚࢆཪॻ⓺ӮӿἮⶓ ⺲↮᥻`ὦ᤟ᾓἲỲⵢᷚῲ⽶ᆼἮⵊҲ῾ἲקᓣⵢᵪⵊ૒. ෾Ӯӿᕮጦ ὾⒢὆⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂ᅪӎဒⵎഺ, ὢ غ↮὆ ␳`῿ת᫊ᷛᒮ⹂ఆᶢᵪ ⵆં᢯⹗ἲᇌӎὶ૒. ẞᆚॻ⓺Ӯӿᶾં⣊ᣋ`ⵊҲḮ᤟ᾓӪ ᶾᤊ὆ ␳⹆ҫὢ↮઺ⵊҲ೟ᆼἮ ᵫ῾ὢ⁢ᾚⵆӎὶ؞ഺጦὢ૒. ẞᆚࢆཪᶾᤊॻ⓺Ӯӿὢ᫊὿ఊ↮30लϮྷὢ⽆࿮૒. 10लὢቢЃᢞὢ ᒮⵊ૒ӎⵆ↮ᆺẂↆЇᴲᤊંЃᢞᒮ⹂὆ லϮᴲશཪ10लὢቢᤦ᢯ὢ Њᒫⵊ૒. צ࿵↮ᆺᤦ᢯Њᒫὢᤦ␖ီંὶᶶἲᆺⵊ30लϲẞᆚॻ⓺Ӯӿ Ἦ⡚Ѻᐂ߾ѱὢᶴ૒. Ӯӿ᫊ᾓὢ⹃૮ఆቢᤊӮӿᕮጦἮᢶ၊Ả᤟ᾓேဓ Ἢ၊ᤊᢞᶳ؞ᐆἲЄ▂ᶢϮӎὶં୞லॻ⓺ӮӿἮ‘ᢞᶳ’ὢᴲ઺‘ᢚᶳ’὆ Ӯ῾ᶾᤊ῿תఆӎὶ૒. Ӯӿᕮጦὢ՛Ϯҫ ࢆ↮ᷛҫ ὆↮᥻Ϯઓⵊ᤟ᾓ ἲҚὦⵎ‘⃪ᷞ’Ἢ၊ὦ᫋ఆӎὶંᐆቢ, ॻ⓺ӮӿἮॻᶳӪ↮ᷛЊᐊᶾ૮ ⵢᕮᨆ`ὦ‘⁞ᷞ’ ᷛⵎἲЃẂᐉᴲṂ૒. ӮӿᢞᶳὪᐆᶾᤊંӮӿ⬖࿚૒ὲ ᒮ⹂Ḯᇌጪဒᢶ၊Ả؞ᨎӪ὆ἣⵗ, צᆚӎ૒ᵿⵊᕮጦӪ὆ᓣⵗἲ⦣ⵢᢶ ၊ẢӮӿ᢯ⱶЊᐊᏽᢶ၊Ảᢞᶳ⒢Ҳ⸃᤟Ἢ၊᫊ᾓἲ⹃૮ⵆӎᕮϮϮ♆ ᅪ⹃૮ⵆӎὶ↮ᆺ, ॻ⓺Ӯӿᶾંצ࿚ⵊἣ·ᓣⵗ὆૮ᤦᅪᐉᴲ೒ὢӎ⹊ẗ ⵎᆺⵊ⃮ᘲ⣊ᤦலὢზᶢ↮↮ኩⵆӎὶ૒. ὢ᢯ӪЇἮᐞҫⵆᶾᤊ, ᓦᷞ՚ંӮӿᕮጦὢ↮ᷛҫ ᏽ՛Ϯҫ ᅪҚ ὦⵎᨆὶં⃿᫚ᢞᶳἪ၊὾ᆚᇒخⵆӎὶӎ, ॻ⓺Ӯӿ᫊ᷛॻ⓺↮ᷛҫ ὆ ᢶ၊Ả؞ᐆᢞᶳἪ၊᤟ᾓⵎϮઓ᤟ὢ⡚૒ં῾ᶾ⃪ኗⵊ૒. צ࿪ᶾலẞᆚࢆ ཪॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ҫẞᷚῲ⽶᤟ᾓᶾᆼἮⵊҲϮὶ૒ં῾, צᆚӎὢ࿚ⵊⵊ Ҳᅪקᓣⵆ؞ỲⵢᤊંӮӿᕮጦ὾⒢὆ᒮ⹂, ⪧⽶ἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣ὆⹃૮ᅪ ॻ⓺Ӯӿ᫊ᷛᨆẗ·⹊ẗⵎᨆὶᶢᵪⵊ૒ંὦ᫋ἲᷞ՚὆▊ᐊ῾Ἢ၊ᢪӎ

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ὶ૒. ᓦᷞ՚ᶾᤊંॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗἲῲⷮᢶ၊Ảⷲ᢯Ἢ၊ὦ᫋ⵆ↮ંᴸ ં૒. ἣ·ᓣⵗἮӮӿᢞᶳ὆ᢶ၊Ảⷲ᢯ὢ؞ᓢ૒ંᓦ྆὆⪧᤟ὢ቞, ὢંॻ ⓺Ӯӿᶾᤊல૒ᅢ↮ᴸ૒. ૒ᆺὪᐆӮӿᢞᶳᶾᤊં૒ᵿⵊἣ·ᓣⵗἲ⦣ⵢ ᢶ၊ẢӮӿ᢯ⱶἲЊᐊⵆӎ᫊ᾓἲ⹃૮ⵆӎὶંᐆቢ, ॻ⓺ӮӿἮᷚῲ⽶ ॻᶳᣋᢞὢࢆᆶἲ⹊᤟⹂ᶾᕮϮఊ᥺ೋ↋૮ᨆ૖ὢཪંὦ᫋ᶾሦጪӎὶં ጦ Ϯὶ૒. ᓦᷞ՚ᶾᤊંॻ⓺Ӯӿᶾ૮ⵊὢ࿚ⵊ ⵊఊὦ᫋ἲᓢ૒⹃૮ ⵆંⵊ⮦, ॻ⓺Ӯӿᶾᤊὢზᶢ↮ӎὶંἣ·ᓣⵗ὆᫒⣊ᅪ⁞ᢚⵆӎ, ⪧⽶૒ ᵿⵊᢚီᅪᐊբⵆᷚ ᫊ⵖӪே᫊ᶾ, ὢᅪ⦎૮၊ॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ᅪỲⵊ ἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣἲ ␳`Ӫ ၊ ᫊ⵆંѱἲኗ`Ἢ၊ⵊ૒.

2. ⃪Ẃᷞ՚ࢢẗӪᐗᒃ

ᷞ՚ኗ`ἲ૚᤟ⵆ؞Ỳⵢᓦᷞ՚὆ 2ᾓᶾᤊંӮӿᢞᶳ὆⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ ⹂ᅪѮ⦎ⵆӎὢᅪ⦎૮၊ॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ЊाӪᒂỲᅪ῾Ѯⵊ૒. Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆ ЊाӪᒂỲᅪᤒ ⵆӎ, ҫ ⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂ᶾഞཪӮӿᢞᶳ᫊ᷛᶢඒ⬖࿚ ૒ὲᒮ⹂ᅪҘᶢṂં↮ᅪѮ⦎ⵊ૒. ෾⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂ᶾഞཪӮӿᕲᵪϮᶢ ඩѺᢞᶳᕮጦἪ၊⸃᤟ఆӎצ՚⁞Ϯᒮ⹂ఆᶶંϮᅪᕲᤋⵊ૒. ὢᅪ⦣ⵢ Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂Ϯ᥺ᘲ὾ᨆẂᶾתўⵊἣ·ᓣⵗⷲ᢯὆᫚⹂၊ࢆ ⢮ࢆંⷲ᢯ὲἲ ᫊ⵊ૒. ॻ⓺Ӯӿ᫊ᷛӮӿᢞᶳ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗ᫚⹂ཪંᒮ⹂ ὆ᵿ᢯ἲഞᅢӎὶἪ቞, ὢᶾഞཪॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ЊाӪᒂỲϮ؞⁢὆ὦ᫋ᓢ ૒ં⻖ᴚୂ⹃૮ఆᶢᵪⵊ૒ં᫊ᢚ῾ἲல▊ⵆѺఊ૒. ὢ࿚ⵊ४὆ᅪỲⵢ 2ᾓᶾᤊં⃪၊ጦⶺ⁞ᢚᅪ⦣ⵊ؞⁢ᷞ՚὆Ѯ⦎ᐗ ᒃὢ⹊ẗఆᶶ૒. ҫ ⬖࿚૒ὲ὆ᒮ⹂, Ḛೊ⨚ᶢᆚↆӪ੢⨚ᶢᆚↆ὆ᘲԾ, ॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ЊाӪᒂỲ೟ᶾ૮ⵊ؞⁢ᷞ՚ᅪѮ⦎ⵆᷮ૒. Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆ᕲᅆ ᅪỲⵊӮဖ⪧ᨆᕲᅆ᫊ᷛѮ⦎ⵆᷮ૒. ὢṦᶾலӮӿᕮጦ὆ᢞᶳ⸃᤟Ӫᢞ

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ᶳ՚⁞ᒮ⹂, Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆ᕲ⯚೟ἲᕲᤋⵆ؞ỲⵢᢞᶳᷞӮⱊḮῲ՛ᢚᶳ⒢⁞ ᢚ⦣Ҳ὾Ⴚ೟ἲ⹊ẗⵆᷮ૒. 3ᾓᶾᤊંẞᆚࢆཪॻ⓺Ӯӿ ␳὆ࢢẗӪ᤟Ӫ೟ἲѮ⦎ⵊ૒. 1980ल ૮ὢ⺲Ӯဖ ␳ἲ3૖Ҳ὆᫊؞၊՚ᕲⵆӎϯ૖Ҳᒲ၊⃪Ẃॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊ ᤟⹂ ␳὆ࢢẗӪ⪧᤟ἲᕲᤋⵆᷮ૒. צᆚӎࢢẗἲ⁳ⵗⵆᷚॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊ ᤟⹂ ␳὆⃪Ẃ᤟ӪḮⵊҲ೟ἲ ᫊ⵆᷮ૒. ⃪၊؞⁢ᷞ՚὆ࢢẗӪӮ ဖᕮ⒆ጦѢὢࢆ ␳὾Ⴚ, ᶦ၎὾Ⴚ೟ἲ⹊ẗⵆᷮ૒. 4ᾓᶾᤊંॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆Ảᷯ᫒⣊Ḯἣ·ᓣⵗ᫒⣊ᏽᨆẂ೟ἲᕲᤋⵆᷮ ૒. ὢᅪỲⵢ┋ऒϮ↮ᤒጦ⁞ᢚᅪ᫒᫊ⵆᷮ૒. ῲ՛ॻ⓺⒢ⷆ·⼢ᵿᆶἲ὆ ᆶἲ૮ⱊᅪ૮᢯Ἢ၊ⵊᤒጦ⁞ᢚ, ῲ՛ॻ⓺᫊·՞὆ॻ⓺Ӯӿૢ૧ӣጢẾἲ ૮᢯Ἢ၊᫒᫊ⵊᤒጦ⁞ᢚ, ㈔ⵊ՛ॻᶢ⓺Ӯӿⵇ⹺⹺Ếἲ૮᢯Ἢ၊᫒᫊ⵊῲ ጦϮᤒጦ⁞ᢚ, ῲ՛6૮⪧ᒲ·ӿ᫊ᷛў⃪Ꮺἲ૮᢯Ἢ၊᫒᫊ⵊல᫊Ꮺᤒጦ ⁞ᢚϮὢᶾⵢ૧ⵊ૒. ὢᅪ⦣ⵢॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ӣ׷὾, ᨆẂ὾, ⵷ ᫒ጢ὾, ῲ ጦϮ೟૒ᵿⵊὢⵢӮҲ὾೒὆὆Қἲᓣⵗ`Ἢ၊⁞ᢚⵆᷚᕲᤋⵆᷮ૒. 5ᾓᶾᤊંॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ᅪỲⵢἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣἲ▂↲ⵊᢚီᅪᐊբⵆ ᷚⵢ૧ᢚီ὆⪧᤟ἲᕲᤋⵆᷮ૒. ᢚီ⁞ᢚં⡚ѺᤦϮ↮၊՚ᕲఊ૒. ⒙⇦ ં՛ࢢἣ·ᓣⵗॻ⓺Ӯӿᢚီᶾ૮ⵊ⁞ᢚὢ૒. ὢᅪỲⵢ9Њலᒲ၊ϯϯ 1~2Њ὆ᢚီϮ⯚ⵖఆல။ᢚီᅪᤎ ⵊ⺲, ┋16Њᢚီᶾ૮ⵊⷲᾓᐗጦ Ӫ᫚☣ὦ⤞ᗞ೟ἲ⦣ⵢϯॻ⓺Ӯӿᢚီ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗ᫒⣊Ḯ⪧᤟, ᤟Ӫ೟ἲ ⁞ᢚ·ᕲᤋⵆᷮ૒. ᕲᤋҞӪᅪ⦣ⵢϯἣ·ᓣⵗᢚီᅪትϮ↮၊Ἆ⸃⹂ⵆᷮ ૒. ὢᕮᕲἮ㈜↮ᷛ⹊᤟⹂ᤪ⤞Ḯӣேᷞ՚၊▂↲ⵆᷮ૒. ాᑶ⇦ં▗⒛࢖ ல⸻᤟՞὆ॻ⓺Ӯӿ᫚☣ᢚီᕲᤋὢ૒. Ỳ὆16Њἣ·ᓣⵗॻ⓺ӮӿᢚီḮ ૚ᆚ⸻᤟՞ᢚီᶾᤊંἣ·ᓣⵗॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆▂↲ἲỲⵊ↮ᷛ὆ॻ⓺Ӯӿ↮ Ế⒢ҲḮ⃪Ẃ⃪⒢ϲⷿဓऒ⪦Ẻ⡚՚▃೟ᶾ⓶῾ἲాᶢᕲᤋⵆᷮ૒. ᤦ ᑶ⇦ંὪᓦ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗॻ⓺Ӯӿᢚီὢ૒. ẞᆚࢆཪᓢ૒ॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆Њाὢ ሪ΅லέఆӎ ␳὆૮᢯ὢఆᶶ୆Ὢᓦ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗॻ⓺Ӯӿᢚီᅪᕲᤋⵖ Ἢ၊᭖ẞᆚॻ⓺Ӯӿ ␳ᶾ⃲ᨆὶંⵖ὆ᅪல▊ⵆӎ὾ⵆᷮ૒. 6ᾓᶾᤊંὢ᢯὆ᕲᤋἲ⦎૮၊ἣ·ᓣⵗॻ⓺Ӯӿ▂↲ἲỲⵊ ␳ᐗ

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ⶓἲ ᫊ⵊ૒. צᆚӎᓢ૒ᤦᕮ`Ἢ၊ὢᅪ૚᤟ⵆ؞Ỳⵊॻ⓺Ӯӿἣ·ᓣⵗ ῲྣ὆Ӫ ᅪ ᫊ⵊ૒.

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Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂Ḯॻ⓺Ӯӿ

1. Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆ЊाӪᒂỲ

4141# ખધ# ᦥ# ખધṆ⍛⓮# ল໦

ӮӿᢞᶳӮဖ؞⁢ᷞ՚೒὆૮ᕮᕲἮӮӿᢞᶳ὆Њा ὆ᅪ᫊லⵆ↮ᴸ ӎὶ૒. ὢંῲ⦣`ὦᢞᶳӮ῾ᶾᤊӮӿὢᒲல὆(૖Ὢ὆) ᢞᶳᕮጦἪ၊ὦ ᫋ఆ↮ᴸᵆ؞ഺጦὢ૒. ૒ᆺҫ ᐊῲᶾഞᅦ՛Ꮺ೒὆Ϯ⒆ᕲ᥺ೋ↋૮, Ӯ ӿ὆Ὢ᢯⹂, Ծ⦣⮦὆὆↋૮, Ӯӿἲ⦣ⵊ૒ᵿⵊ⒢ⷆ὆ᨆẂ↋૮೟Ἢ၊ Ӯӿ᫊ᾓὢ⹃૮ఆቢᤊ, ᤎ↲՛೒ἲ⃿᫚Ἢ၊Ӯӿἲᒲல὆ᢞᶳἪ၊ᓢӎ῿ תⵆ؞ỲⵢӮӿᢞᶳ⪧ᨆᕲᅆᅪ ⵆᷚ૒ᵿⵊҫ ᕲᤋἲ᫊லⵆӎὶ૒. ὢḮЇἮ᢯⹗ⵆᶾᤊӮӿᢞᶳ὆Њाἲ ὆ⵆ؞ỲⵢᤊંӮӿ, צᆚӎ ὢḮἎᢚⵊẗᶢ὆὆ᏦᅪѮ⦎ⵎⴲẂϮὶ૒. UN-WTOᶾഞᅢቢᷯᶢⱊⷲ Ἢ၊travel, trip, tourism trip(tourism) ೟ὢӮӿ෾ંὢḮἎᢚⵊẗᶢ၊ ᫊ ఆӎ ὶ૒(The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, 2010). ሪ΅travelἮᶢඒ؞ϲேᴶᶢඒኗ`Ἢ၊ᤊ၊ ૒ᅦ↮῾ἲὢேⵆં⵷Ỳཪ ὆ఊ૒. TripἮὪ᢯`Ἢ၊ў⃪ⵆં↮῾ᶾᤊ ▊ᐊⵢ૒᫊צў⃪↮၊ఆ஺ᴲḚഺغ↮὆travelἲ὆Ꮶⵊ૒. TravelӪtripἮ

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⦣᢯ẞᆚᆾ၊‘ᷚ⵷’Ἢ၊ᑶᷛఎᨆὶ૒. ᐆቢẞᆚᆾ၊‘Ӯӿ’ἲὪ⛙ં tourism ෾ંtourism trip὆ҫẞંᐗጦ὾(visitor)὆⹊ேἪ၊ ὆ఎᨆὶં ୞, ᷚ؞ᤊᐗጦ὾཮὾ᫎ὆Ὢ᢯`ὦᣋ⹊⹆ҫἲᒅᶢࢆ⃪Ẃல␗↮၊ᷚ⵷ (trip)ἲⵆંᢚེἪ၊ᤊ, ᐗጦⵆં↮ᷛᶾᤊӎẗఆંኗ`ὢᴲ઺ᘲⅶશ᪒ ࢆ࿶΅ᏽ؞⢮Њὦ`ὦኗ`Ἢ၊1लὢⵆ὆ᷚ⵷ἲⵆં὾ᅪᆾⵊ૒. ὢ࿚ⵊἎᢚЊा೒ἲ⁳ⵗⵎഺӮӿ(tourism ෾ંtourism trip)ὢ཮“ᢚེ ೒ὢЊὦ`‧ᢚᶳ`‧ῲጦ`ኗ`ἲϮ↮ӎצ೒὆Ὢ᢯⹆ҫἲඎࢆ૒ᅦࢆ ཪࢆ↮ᷛἪ၊὆ὢேἲᨆᐆⵆંᢚ⹺‧ጦ⹂‧ҫ `ⷲ᢯”ὢཪⵎᨆὶ૒. ὢ ḮЇἮЊाἲᐂ⣃Ἢ၊Ӯӿᢞᶳ(tourism industry)Ἦ“Ӯӿὢὢზᶢ↶ᨆὶ ல။ ᢯ⱶἲ ӣⵆં Ὢဖ὆ ⹊ே೒”၊ ὆ఎ ᨆ ὶ૒. ὢḮ ἎᢚⵆѺ UN-WTO & ILO(2014)ંӮӿᢞᶳἲ“ῲ⸃`Ἢ၊ӮӿӮဖ᢯ⱶἲᣋᢞⵆં ⹊ே೒”၊ ὆ⵆӎὶἪ቞, ⸦⃪὆New South Wales ⃪Ӯӿ⒛(Destination NSW 2012)ἮӮӿᢞᶳἲ“Ὢ᢯⹆ҫ(Ϯ ⹆ҫ)ἲඎࢆᤊⵆંᘲⅶશ᪒Ḯᾚ Ꮶ, ࿶΅೟὆⹊ே೒ὢϮઓⵆல။, Ӯဖ ⱶӪᤊᘲ᪒ᅪ↯῿`Ἢ၊ ӣⵆ ંኖ೎ᢚᶳ”Ἢ၊ ὆ⵆӎὶ૒.

4151# ખધṆ⍛⓮# ᨪ⒚

؞⁢४὆ᅪ⁳ⵗⵎഺӮӿᢞᶳἮ“ᢚེ೒ὢЊὦ`‧ᢚᶳ`‧ῲጦ`ኗ`ἲ Ϯ↮ӎצ೒὆Ὢ᢯⹆ҫἲඎࢆ૒ᅦࢆཪࢆ↮ᷛἪ၊ὢேⵆં୞ᨆᐆఆં ᾚ⹂Ḯᤊᘲ᪒὆ ӣ⹊ே”Ἢ၊ ὆ⵎᨆὶ૒. ὢ࿵ѺӮӿᏽӮӿᢞᶳ὆Њ ाἲ ᫊ⵆᷮ↮ᆺ, Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆ҫẞЊᒲᢞᶳ⹊ே⃿՚⒢`Ἢ၊ᶢඒѱἲӮ ӿᢞᶳᶾ⯚ⵖⵆ੾ࢾ὆ጦ ંᷚῲ⽶࢖Ѻఊ૒. ᣋᢞӪ ὆ҞӪὦ╊⁳ᣋᢞ ጪἲ؞⃮Ἢ၊ᢞᶳᕲᅆϮὢზᶢ↮ં୞ᘲⵢӮӿᢞᶳ὆╊⁳ᣋᢞጪἮᇒẞ ૒ᵿⵊ⸃⣊ᅪ↮શ؞ഺጦᶾ؞⁢὆ᢞᶳᕲᅆ၊ંӮӿᢞᶳ὆ᒂỲᅪᤒ ⵎ ᨆᶴ૒. ⅷ, Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆ᒂỲંӣ׷὾὆⪧ ⹊ே⸃⣊ᶾ὆ⵢᤊϮᴲશཪ᥺ ᘲ὾὆⪧ ⹊ே⸃⣊ᶾ὆ⵢᤊᤒ ఊ૒.

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ᝓ❫ ❫⌿ȸ 㽔⒐ ㋣ḃ ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ ❧❫㇨ ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ ᜷㮜ㄈ⪨᜷㮜 ᶫⳃᗫ ⿛㘏⿓ᘄ Ƞ 㫄ⳃ゛⿨ Ƞ ᠗㪧ㄈ⪨ ⿓ᘄ Ƞ ⯿⪨᜷㮜㽛⽸ ◶ ⿗⼯⿓ᘄ Ƞ ᶫ⬃ ⯿⪨ ⿓ᘄ Ƞ 㽔ᛜ᜷㮜 Ƞ Ⰰ◼ 䀟㬻 ◶ ㄇ⪓ Ⰰ◼ Ƞ 䄛ᗧ ◶ ᠗㪧 ᳏᠗㚛⌿ Ⰰ◼ Ƞ 㢇㼸ㆌ ⇯㇧㘏↰㳳㩓ㅷ᷀㘏⽣⿨ㆌ 㲟⇯ㅣ㳳㩓 Ƞ ㄳⳄ⊳ ⇯ⲋ㮇ⅸ ◶ ㅛ᷀たⳄ⬃⠫ⲋ 䁃᷀ Ƞ ㄳ⊳⬃⠫ⲋ 䁃᷀ Ƞ ㅷ᷀㘏 ◶ ᠗㪧ㆌ⠫ㅫ᳧ ㅷ᷀㘏 ◶ 㲟⇔ ⇳㲟 ㅫ᳧ Ƞ ⇯㩓⎓⾷ㅛ⬿ ◶ ⲋ㷓㠇ゐ㹯 ⇳㲟 ㅫ᳧ Ƞ ⬃⠫ⲋ ◶ ᠗㪧 ᛧ∏ 䁃᷀ ⿓㽰⪓ ◶ ⿓㽰⼯᪛ 䁃᷀ Ƞ ᠗㪧 ⿯⽤⬃⠫ⲋ ◶ ᛧ∏ 䁃᷀ Ƞ ㅷ⊳ (8 &RPPLVVLRQKWWSHFHXURSDHXHXURVWDWVWDWLVWLFVH[SODLQHGLQGH[SKS)LOH.H\BHFRQRPLFBL QGLFDWRUVBIRUBWKHBWRXULVPBLQGXVWULHVBSHUFHQWDJHVB(8BSQJ 㹃 ! (8ㄿ ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ ❫⌿ ὢ࿚ⵊὢἎ၊ᆼἮ՛Ϯᶾᤊᒲல὆⪧ᨆᕲᅆᅪ ⵆᷚӮӿᢞᶳ὆ᒂỲ ᅪᤒ ⵆӎὶ૒. ӮӿᢞᶳἮ૖Ὢ὆ᢞᶳᕮጦἪ၊ᕲᅆఎᨆᶴં⪧᤟Ἢ၊ ὦⵢ⪧ᨆᕲᅆᅪ ⵆᷚӮဖᕲᤋἲ᫊லⵆંѱὢὪᐆ`ὢ૒. ᷶ᅪ೒ᶢ EU὆ҫẞӮӿᢞᶳἲ⡚ѺԾ⦣, ᨇᐃ, Ἲ᫋Ⴚ, ὾ே␖ᏽ؞⢮(ᾓᘲ)ὲ૮, ᷚ ⵷ᢚ‧ᷚ⵷ᴶࢢ‧᷶ᵫᤊᘲ᪒ ᏽ ؞⢮Ӯဖ⹊ே೟὆5૮ᕲᵪ၊՚ᕲⵊ⺲, ϯ ᕲᵪᶾⵢ૧ⵆંⵛኗἲ૒⃪᫊ẂӮӿᶳӪᕮᕲӮӿᶳἪ၊ல՚ᕲⵆӎὶ૒. UN὆World Tourism OrganizationἮӮӿ᥺ᘲ᢯ⱶӪὢᶾӮဖఊӮӿ⹊ே ἲ⡚ѺᷢాϮ↮၊՚ᕲⵆᷚӮӿᢞᶳἲ ᫊ⵆӎὶ૒(The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, 2010). ὢ⃿ᷢ

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ᝓ❫ ᛧᛸ ⪨㹯 ᛧᛸ 䁃᷀ ☐┟ㅷ⍣ ル㽃 Ⰰ◼ ⬃⠫ⲋ ☐┟ㅷ Ⰰ◼ ㄳⳄ⊳ ㈃ᛜ ⬃⠫ⲋ ㄳⳄ⊳ ㈃ᛜ 䁃᷀ 㚇ᶫ⿓ᘄ ゛⮈ ⬃⠫ⲋ 㚇ᶫ⿓ᘄ ゛⮈ ᶫ≃⿓ᘄ ゛⮈ ⬃⠫ⲋ ᶫ≃⿓ᘄ ゛⮈ ⯿⪨⿓ᘄ ゛⮈ ⬃⠫ⲋ ⯿⪨⿓ᘄ ゛⮈ 㽔ᛜ⿓ᘄ ゛⮈ ⬃⠫ⲋ 㽔ᛜ⿓ᘄ ゛⮈ ゛⮈ㆌ⠫ ⇳㪯 ⬃⠫ⲋ ゛⮈ㆌ⠫ ⇳㪯⿓㽰⪓ ◶ ᠗㪧 ⿯⽤ ⬃⠫ⲋ ⿓㽰⪓ ◶ ᠗㪧 ⿯⽤ ⬃⠫ⲋ 䁃᷀ ┟䀻 ⬃⠫ⲋ ┟䀻䁃᷀ ⲋ㷓㠇 ◶ ⇯㩓⎓⾷ㅛ⬿ ⬃⠫ⲋ ⲋ㷓㠇 ◶ ⇯㩓⎓⾷ㅛ⬿ 䁃᷀ ᘃ⚫ ᝔ᗧ⚫ ᛧᛸ 㲠⬘ㄫ ᩿㪧᪛ᱻ ㆓䀻 ᘃ⚫ ᝔ᗧㄿ ᛧᛸ 㲠⬘ㄫ ᩿㪧᪛ᱻ ㆓䀻 ⭳⏋ ᘃ⚫ ᝔ᗧ⚫ ᛧᛸ 㲠⬘ㄫ ᩿㪧᪛ᱻ ⬃⠫ⲋ ᠗㪧 ᘃ⚫ ᝔ᗧㄿ ᛧᛸ 㲠⬘ㄫ ᩿㪧᪛ᱻ 䁃᷀

ㅷ⊳ 7KH 'HSDUWPHQW RI (FRQRPLF DQG 6RFLDO $IIDLUV RI WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV 6HFUHWDULDW

㹃 ! 81:72ㄿ ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ ❫⌿ Ϯ↮ંӣ⦣᢯ⱶᏽ⹊ேὢ቞ࢆሦ↮ాϮ↮ંϯ՛Ϯᒲ᢯⹗ᶾഞཪ ᫊ⵎ ᨆὶல။՚᤟ఆᶢὶ૒. UN-WTOંEU὆ҫẞᓢ૒Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆ᒂ⃪ᅪ⯛ँ Ѻᤒ ⵆᷚጦ⹂ᤊᘲ᪒, ᪒⯚☎ᏽ࿶⡚ᆚᶾὢ᥆ᤊᘲ᪒ᕲᵪ೟ல⯚ⵖⵆӎὶ૒. ẞᆚࢆཪ὆ҫẞᶾંӮӿᢞᶳ὆ᕲᅆḮ᫒⣊⫺ᴳἲỲⵢాϮ↮ᐗᒃᶾ ᤊ῿תⵆӎὶ૒. ⵆࢆંӮӿᢚᶳ⒢؞⓶⦣Ҳ⁞ᢚὢ૒. ே⁞ᢚં｢Ӯӿ↲⽓ ᒃ｣ᶾתўⵆᷚ೟။‧ⶶϮ‧ᫎӎ‧↮ ఊ20,769ЊӮӿᢚᶳ⒢(214ल؞⃮)ᅪ ૮᢯Ἢ၊2007लᕮ⤞ᇒलὪᐆⷲ⹗, ᢚᶳ⒢ⷲ⹗, ӎẗⷲ⹗, ᾚጢⷲ⹗, ῲ὾ ᢯ў྆⹊ẗⷲ⹗, ὾җ↋ᓢἎⷲ⹗, ᷞϲὢẗЋ, ᫊ᤒⷲ⹗೟ἲ⁞ᢚⵆӎ ὶ૒. ｢Ӯӿ↲⽓ᒃ｣ἮӮӿᢚᶳἲ“ӮӿЋἲỲⵆᷚẢᦏ·ᨇᐃ·Ἲ᫋·Ảே·Ḓ ཫ·⼢ᵿ෾ંẗᷛἲ ӣⵆўࢆצᐄᶾӮӿᶾദᆞ᫊ᤒἲЄ▂ᶢὢᅪὢ ẗⵆѺⵆંᶳ”Ἢ၊ ὆ⵆӎὶં୞ᷚ⵷ᶳ, Ӯӿᨇᐃᶳ, ӮӿЋὢẗ᫊ᤒᶳ, ՛ ⹺὆ᶳ, ♢↮०ᶳ, ἎẾ᫊ᤒᶳ, Ӯӿ⮦὆᫊ᤒᶳ೟7Њᶳ⁳(૮ᕲᅆ)ὢὢ ᶾ⯚ⵖఊ૒(ᕮ။1 ␦⁞).

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᳧❫⌿ ⭳❫⌿ ㇼㄿ 㽜ⳓ ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ ᛧᛸ ⯣㼸⾬ᶫ⏋⾬㈃た㇫㇨ㄣ≃ ᛧᛸᘄ⾷ ㄿ㉛㼿ᱻ ⪗⾬ ᛧᛸ ゛⯿⾬ ᛧᛸ Ⰰ◼⾬ ᛧᛸ ㄳⳄㇷ ◶ ㋣ㇷ⾬⿓㽰⪓ ◶ ⿓㽰⛛㉗ ⬃⠫ⲋ⾬ ᝔㈃䁳ㄿ⾬ ┟䀻》Ⅴ ◶ ⇯㇧ ⲋ㷓㠇⪗⾬㡛㎧᭟⾬ ⪨䀟ㄿ㉛ ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ ᛧᛸ ᙛ⬋⾬シⅿ ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ㄧ⼫Ჯ㎧⎳ 㽜ⳓ ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ㄫ ⛛㉗㼿᠗ ル㽛 ᷀◿᷿ᱻ ⪗⾬ ᛧᛸ ◶ ⇯㇧ゐ㹯 ⭳⏋⾬ ᛧᛸ ⛛㾿 ◶ ៯ㄜ⬃⠫ⲋ⾬ ⇯㇧ ㆌ⠫⾬ ❧❫㇨ㄜ ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ ᛧᛸ ⠫ㅟ㎄ ⯣㼸⾬ ❧❫㇨ㄣ≃ ᛧᛸᘄ⾷ ㄿ㉛㼿ᱻ ⪗⾬ ❧❫ ᛧᛸ ゛⮈⾬ ❧❫ ᛧᛸ Ⰰ◼⾬ ❧❫ ᛧᛸ ㄳⳄㇷ⾬ ◶ ㋣ㇷ⾬ ❧❫ ᛧᛸ ᛜ⿗ㆌ⾬ ❧❫ ᛧᛸ ᠗㪧 ⬃⠫ⲋ⾬ ᛧᛸ ㎧シ⪗⾬ ᛧᛸ ⿗ᝓ ᘃ☃⾬ ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ㄫ㎧シ㼿᠗ ル㽃 ❧┟ ᛧᛸ ᛜᛜ᠗ᛧ ᛧᛸ ᜷ㄈ⬃⠫ⲋ⾬ ᛧᛸ᳏㚛㹃 ! 㿫㽰 ᛧᛸ⪗⾬㲠⯿❫⌿ ᘃほ ాᑶ⇦ંӮӿᢞᶳ⪧ᨆᕲᅆὢ૒. ẞᆚࢆཪં2010ल2ỂӮӿᢞᶳ⪧ᨆᕲ ᅆϮ ఊὢ⺲ⷲᾚ 3␖Њ ᕲᅆϮ᫊⵷ఆӎὶ૒. ⷲ⵷Ӯӿᢞᶳ⪧ᨆ ᕲᅆંӮӿᢞᶳ὆⫺׷⺖Ӫᅪⵖۆᴺᨆὶல။ⵆ؞Ỳⵢ‘ⵣ᫚Ӯӿᢞᶳ’ ἲ⃿᫚Ἢ၊Ӯӿᢞᶳᶾ૮ⵊ؞ᷚலḮᷛⵎᶾഞཪ‘᢯⸦὆⁢’, ‘ᕮᕲ`ẗ’, ‘↮Ếᢞᶳ’Ἢ၊ᷯᷛᒲᕲᅆᅪ▂Ϯⵆᷚᕲᅆ՚⁞ᅪ՚▃ⵆӎὶ૒(὾ᤦⵊࢢ ẗἮᕮ။2 ␦⁞). ⅷ, Ảᨆᶳὢࢆᨇᐃᶳ, Ἲ᫋῾ᶳ, Ӯӿ᧪ⴿᶳ, ՛ ⹺὆ᶳ, ጦ⹂‧Ḓཫ࿶΅᪒⯚☎ḮЇἮⵣ᫚ӮӿᢞᶳើᆺᴲશཪὢḮ↯ϲ῿`Ἢ၊ᷞ ҲఊᷞӮᢞᶳὢࢆ↮Ếᢞᶳᕲᵪغ↮Ӯӿᢞᶳᶾ⯚ⵖⵆӎὶંѱὢ૒. ὢં

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Ӯӿᕮጦἲ૒ᵿⵊᕮጦ೒ӪᷞҲఊᢞᶳ⒢Ҳ὆Ӯ῾ᶾᤊ῿תⵆӎὶἺἲ὆ Ꮶⵊ૒.

2. Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂Ḯἣ·ᓣⵗ⹂

5141# ੓▲# ゾᖂၺ┚⓮# ᩖ㏪

ҫ ᢚᶾᤊצϲ὆ᾓ؞`ὦᒮ⹂ᵿ᢯ἲᆼἮὢ೒ὢҫ ⬖࿚૒ὲ὆ᒮ⹂ ၊ᤒታⵆᷚṂ૒. ҫ ⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂ᶾ૮ⵊ४὆ᶾંᢚ⹺‧ҫ `ᒮ⹂ંጪ ၎, ؞ᨎ`ᒮ⹂, ᢞᶳ՚⁞὆ᒮ⹂, ཪὢⳲ᪒⢮Ὢᏽ᥺ᘲ⬖⤢὆ᒮ⹂೟ᷚ࿚ Ϯ↮ᒮ⹂Ẃὦ೒ὢү೒ᷚ↮ӎὶ૒. צᆚӎὢ࿚ⵊᷚ࿚Ẃὦ೒ᶾ὆ⵊҫ ⬖࿚૒ὲ὆ᒮ⹂ંӮӿᏽӮӿᢞᶳ὆⬖࿚૒ὲᶾலᒮ⹂ᅪ⓶྆ⵆӎὶ૒. Keller(2012)὆ҫẞҫ ⬖࿚૒ὲ὆ᒮ⹂ᅪ4ᕮጦᐊῲ૖Ҳὢ၎Ἢ၊ᤒታ ⵆቢᤊ╊תҫ ᐊῲ૖ҲᶾᤊӮӿᕮጦὢⵖۆ᤟ᾓⵆӎὶἺἲ↮`ⵊ૒. צંὦᅆ὆ҫ ᐊῲ὆૖ҲϮ18ᤦ؞غ↮὆ॻᶳҫ ᶾᤊ19ᤦ؞ᢞᶳⷯታ ὢ⺲צ▂ᤦϮຊဥⵢ↲ᢞᶳҫ , 20ᤦ؞὆ᤊᘲ᪒ҫ , צᆚӎ21ᤦ؞὆⒢ ⷆҫ ၊ᒮ⹂ఆᶢṂ૒ӎᤒታⵆӎὶ૒. צᆚӎᤊᘲ᪒ҫ ᫊૮Ḯ⒢ⷆҫ ᫊૮ᶾӮӿᢞᶳὢ᤟ᾓ·ᐊῲⵢṂἺἲ↮`ⵆӎὶ૒. Keller(2012)὆⃪ᾓ૮၊20ᤦ؞ᶾѦⒾҫ ⬖࿚૒ὲἮᤎ↲՛೒ἲ⃿᫚Ἢ ၊ᤊᘲ᪒ҫ ၊ῲ⹆ⵆᷮ૒. OECD ⹺Ế՛೒὆ҫẞ20ᤦ؞ᆾᶾંῲ⒢ҫ ᶾᤊᤊᘲ᪒ᢞᶳὢ␖↮ⵆંᘲ⃿ὢGDP ૮ᘲ70%ᅪआӎὶંᐆቢ, ⁞ᶳ Ἦேᘲ⃿ὢ20%ᶾᏦ♆↮ኩⵆӎὶ૒(OECD 2000). צ࿞୞ὢ࿚ⵊⷲ᢯Ἦ ૖ᨊ⽶ῲ⒢ҫ ⹊ேᶾᤊ␖↮ⵆંᤊᘲ᪒ᢞᶳ὆ᘲ⃿ὢঀᴲ↮ંѱᆺἲ὆ Ꮶⵆ↮ંᴸં૒. OECD(2000)ᶾ὆ⵆቢᤊᘲ᪒ҫ Ϯ᫚⹂ఆቢᤊాϮ↮ా ೊ࿚↲⪧᤟ὢࢆ⢮ࢆѺఆᶶ૒. ὢ⃿ⵆࢆંᾚ⹂᢯ⱶ(products)Ӫᤊᘲ᪒᢯ⱶ (services)ὢጤἺ(bundle)Ἢ၊ᷞҲఆંҫẞϮᆼᴲ↮ંҫⶓ὆↋૮, צᆚӎ

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૒ᅦⵆࢆંϯᤊᘲ᪒؞ᶳὢⵣ᫚ᕮᕲἲ Ṧⵆӎ૒ᅦ⹊ேἮ૮ᕮᕲῲጦ ⹂ఊ⢮ᤊᘲ᪒؞ᶳἲ⦣ⵢṦ⃪⹂(outsourcing)ⵆંҫⶓ὆↋૮ὢ૒.

៟⎣ ! ❧┟ ☃㇫᳏ᚫ ㅛ≇

Keller(2012)Ϯҫ ᐊῲ૖Ҳ὆ᆶ↮ᆷऒᑶ⇦ᕮጦἪ၊ ᫊ⵆં⒢ⷆҫ ં ᤊᘲ᪒ҫ Ϯᓢ૒᫚⹂ఊ⸃⣊ཪⵎᨆὶ૒. ⒢ⷆҫ ંկק`Ἢ၊᥺ᘲ ὾ᶾѺᢶ၊Ả⒢ⷆἲᤊᘲ᪒ⵆંᕮጦἲ὆Ꮶⵊ૒. Pine Ⅱ & Gilmore(1999) ં↮׶὆ᤊᘲ᪒ҫ ં ⱶὢࢆᤊᘲ᪒ᅪ᥺ᘲ὾ᶾѺῲ૚ⵆં␖Ếᶾሦጪ ↮ᴸӎ, ᢶ၊Ả؞ᶣἲᷞ᢯ⵆં⒢ⷆᤊᘲ᪒ᅪ ӣⵖἪ၊᭖ᕮϮϮ♆ᅪ⹻ ೋⵆંҫ ཪ׊ ⵆӎὶ૒. ҫⷆҫ ᶾᤊኖ೎ᢚᶳἮӣᷞἲỲⵊጢ૮ὢ ቞, ؞ᶳἮ᥺ᘲ὾ᶾѺϯὦఎᆺⵊӣᷞἲᆺ೒ᶢࢢં⹊ேἲⵊ૒. ጢ૮Ỳ὆ ӣᷞἲ⦣ⵢ᥺ᘲ὾ᶾѺ⒢ⷆἲ ӣⵆં୞ᶾંऒϮ↮S(4Ss)ᶾ⓶῾ὢ⃪ ᶢ↲૒. ⒙⇦ંӎЋ὆ᆺ (Satisfaction) ↋૮, ె⇦ંӎЋ὆⽚ᣋ(Sacrifice) ў, ᤦᑶ⇦ંӎЋ὆Ͼே(Surprise) ␫⁞, थ⇦ંӎЋ὆آᾓϾ(Suspense) ᷞ▊ὢ૒. ὢ࿚ⵊẾ♇ⵆᶾ⒢ⷆҫ ં᥺ᘲ὾೒ᶾѺḒཫᷯᷛ὆⒢ⷆ, ԾἏᷯ ᷛ὆⒢ⷆ, ல⴪⃪὆ᷯᷛ὆⒢ⷆ, ⢾Ꮶ⃪὆ᷯᷛ὆⒢ⷆ೟ऒϮ↮ᷯᷛ὆⒢ ⷆἲ ӣⵆѺఊ૒. ὢᅪ⦣ⵢ᥺ᘲ὾೒Ἦᨆே`⒢ⷆἮጪ၎ઓே`⒢ⷆ, `ק`⒢ⷆ, צᆚӎ᢯⹗ᶾ૮ⵊኞέ೟ἲ᥺ᘲⵆѺఊ૒. Keller(2012)὆ҫ 4ᕮጦᐊῲ૖Ҳὢ၎ἮӮӿᢞᶳᶾல᫊ᢚⵆંᐂϮ` ↮ᴸ૒. ẞᤎ<צᆪ2-1>ᶾᤊᓪᨆὶೝὢ20ᤦ؞὆ᤊᘲ᪒ҫ ࢆ21ᤦ؞὆

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⒢ⷆҫ ᶾᤊӮӿᢞᶳἮ⃪Ẃⵣ᫚ᢞᶳ὆ⵆࢆὢ૒. ෾ᤊᘲ᪒ҫ Ϯ᫚⹂ఆ ቢᤊᓢὢં⪧᤟Ӫ⒢ⷆҫ Ϯ ᫊ⵆંᤊᘲ᪒᫊ᾓ὆ẾᆚંӮӿᢞᶳ὆ ⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂ᵿ᢯Ӫ⡚Ѻ૒ᅢ↮ᴸ૒. ᤊᘲ᪒ҫ Ϯ᫚⹂ఆቢᤊࢆ⢮ࢆં ⁞ᶳ೟⢮ᢞᶳᕮጦӪ὆Ҟⵗ, צᆚӎϯ؞ᶳ὆ⵣ᫚ᕲᵪᅪ Ṧⵆӎ૮ ᕮᕲṦ⃪ᅪ⦣ⵢᷚ࿚ᕲᵪ؞ᶳ೒Ӫⷿဓऒ⪦Ẻ⡚ᅪ՚▃ⵆંѱἮᐂ၊Ӯ ӿᢞᶳᶾᤊࢆ⢮ࢆӎὶં૒ᵿⵊἣ·ᓣⵗῲྣӪᇓἲЇὢⵆ؞ഺጦὢ૒. ࢝ ᤎ↮ᷛᶾᤊ૒ᵿⵊ⒢ⷆἲ᥺ᘲⵆંӮӿᢞᶳ὆ҫẞ, ⒢ⷆҫ Ϯ ᫊ⵆં ૒ᵿⵊᷯᷛ὆⒢ⷆἲ᥺ᘲ὾೒ᶾѺ ӣⵆ؞Ỳⵢᢶ၊Ả؞ᨎ, ᢶ၊Ảᢞᶳ Ӫ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗὢ᫚⹂ఆӎὶ૒.

5151# ખધṆ⍛⓮# ゾᖂၺ┚# ᩖ㏪⏖# Ⓥ㔽᪋㋿㏪

ҫ ⬖࿚૒ὲὢᒮ⹂ⵢṂೝὢӮӿᢞᶳࢢᕮᶾᤊல⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂Ϯὶᶶ ૒. Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂ᅪὢἿᤋ(2015)ἮḚೊ⨚ᶢᆚↆ(old tourism)Ӫ ੢⨚ᶢᆚↆ(new tourism)Ἢ၊ᵿᕲⵆᷚᤒታⵆӎὶ૒. Ḛೊ⨚ᶢᆚↆἮ1980ल ૮ὢῲ૮ྷᣋᢞ᫊૮ᶾ૮ྷ᥺ᘲᐗ᫋ἲഞཾ୆૮⃿Ӯӿ὆᫊૮ᅪ὆Ꮶⵊ૒. ᓢḮҫⷆὢ᢯૮`Ἢ၊ᕮ ⵊ᥺ᘲ὾೒ᶾѺ⃪၊׊җ⹂ఊӮӿ᢯ⱶἲӣ ׷ⵆ୆ӣ׷὾⃿᫚὆Ӯӿᢞᶳ᫊૮ὢ૒. ὢ᫊૮ᶾંҫ ᤟ᾓӪⵖۆ᥺ᘲ὾ ὆᥺ೋὢ↋Ϯⵖᶾഞཪ, ϮᢚཪંὪ᢯Ӫ↯ᶳ`Ὢᶾᤊᒅᶢࢆ⼢᫋ἲ◖ⵆဒ ં⼢Ϯ὆ኗ`Ἢ၊ӮӿᨆẂϮ↋૮ⵊ᫊؞ᷮ૒. Ӯӿᢞᶳὢጢӣⵢ⒛ ᢞᶳἪ ၊ϯӿᐉ؞ல⵶↮ᆺ, ૮⃿Ӯӿ὆Ӯӿ὾ẾЊᐊᐗ᫋Ӫ᥺ᘲᐗ᫋ὢ↮᥻Ϯઓⵆ ↮ኩⵆ૒ંᘲ⫾᫊ᷛ`↮ᴸᵆ૒. 1980ल૮Ḯ1990ल૮ᶾὢᅢ࿚੢⨚ᶢᆚↆὢ᤟ᾓ·ᐊῲⵆ؞᫊὿ⵆᷮ૒. ὢⅶἺᕮ⤞ᢶ၊ẢIT὆ᐊῲӪᏦംᶢᇒЊ⒢὆೟ᾓ, ᷚϮ᫊ϲ↋૮ᶾഞᅦ ᥺ᘲ὾὆ጦ⹂`὾ϯᏽ૒ᒮ⹂ఊẃ՚Ϯ↋૮ఆቢᤊӮӿᶾலᢶ၊Ảᒮ⹂ ೒ὢὪᶢ࢚૒. ẞᤎ᥺ᘲ὾έᾓᶾᤊ⹻Ὢ⹂ఊ૮⃿Ӯӿᶾ᫋᢯ⵢ↲ᐆቢ, ᢚ ⹺`Ἢ၊ϯЊὦ೒὆૒ᵿⵊϮ♆ӮӪཪὢⳲ᪒⢮Ὢὢ⁢⃿ᐉંᕲỲ؞ϮӮ

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ӿᶾலᐆᷯఆᶶ૒. ෾ᢶ၊Ả؞ᨎӪᇒ⒢ᅪὢẗⵢ ᓢḮҫⷆἲ▃`ⵊ᥺ ᘲ὾೒ὢ૖ᨊⵊ⼢᫋␖Ếὢᴲ઺, ῲጦ⹂ఆӎЊᒲ⹂ఊӮ᫚ᢚḮ὾؞Ҳᐊ὆ ؞⹺၊Ӯӿἲ▂՚ⵆંҫẞϮ⹃૮ఆᶶ૒. ӣ׷὾⃿᫚὆Ḛೊ⨚ᶢᆚↆ᫊ ૮Ḯં૚ᆚ, ὢ ં᥺ᘲ὾⃿᫚὆Ӯ῾ᶾᤊ૒ᒮ⹂ఊ᥺ᘲ὾ẃ՚▗ ἲỲ ⵢӮӿӣ׷὾೒ὢ૒ᵿⵊᕲᵪ὆ᢞᶳӪ⹊ᐊⵊἣ·ᓣⵗἲலኖⵆӎὶ૒. ៟⎣ ! ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ㄿ 㴏⇓᳋ㅫ ⚧䀻 ㅷ⊳ ㅛㄸ⬄ ੢⨚ᶢᆚↆἪ၊὆Ӯӿᢞᶳ⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂ંӮӿ὆ᨆẂ, Њᐊ૮᢯, Њᐊ ⃪⒢, Њᐊᐗ᫋೟Ӯӿῲ⒢ᶾᒮ⹂ᅪ⓶྆ⵆᷮ૒(ὢேẾṦ2014). ӮӿᨆẂ ☏ቢᶾᤊંӮӿ᥺ᘲ὾὆ẃ՚Ϯ૒ᵿⵢ↮ӎӮӿ⵷ỲϮ῾῾ୂϮ♆↮ⶓ `Ἢ၊ᒮ⹂⵶૒. ӮӿЊᐊ὆૮᢯☏ቢᶾᤊંῲ⦣`ὦӮӿЊᐊ὆ᒂỲḮҫ ҲϮ⹃ᾓఆᶢ⢮ᢞᶳᕲᵪḮ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗὢ⹃ᢞఆᶶ૒.2_{Њᐊ⃪⒢὆☏ቢᶾᤊ} 2 ἣⵗἮెὢ१ᴲᤊⵆࢆϮఆંѱὢӎ, ᓣⵗἮెἲⵗⒾঁἮѱἲ὆Ꮶⵊ૒. ⅷ, ἣⵗἮᓣᨆ὆ѱὢҞⵗఆᶢῲⷮᢶ၊Ảѱἲ␫▊ⵆંҫẞὢ቞, ᓣⵗἮҞⵗẂ ᥺೒ὢ؞⁢὆⪧᤟ἲἎ↮ⵊ␲᫊ࣶ↮ᅪ␫▊ⵆંҫẞὢ૒(՚ᓦ⒎2015; ὢேẾ Ṧ2014). צ࿚ࢆᓦᷞ՚ᶾᤊંాҫẞᅪᶲᏮ⽶՚ᕲⵆ↮ᴸӎ‘ἣ·ᓣⵗ’ὢཪં ẗᶢ၊ᢚẗⵊ૒.

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ંЊᐊᶳ὾ើᆺᴲશཪ↮὾⒢Ḯ⃪Ꮺ೟૒ᵿⵊὢⵢӮҲ὾೒ὢЊᐊ⃪⒢၊ ␦ᷚⵎⴲẂ᤟ὢ↋૮ⵆᷮ૒. Њᐊᐗ᫋ᶾὶᶢᤊலӪўӮӿ૖↮೟὆ጪᆚ` Њᐊᓢ૒ં᥺Ⳳ⪦ỖᶢЊᐊӪᢤ὆↶ⶓ᢯ᶾ؞ᐆⵊᐗ᫋Ἢ၊ῲ⹆ఆᶶ૒. ੢⨚ᶢᆚↆἪ၊⬖࿚૒ὲὢῲ⹆ఊӮӿᢞᶳᶾᤊ⪧⽶⃪ኗᐉӎὶંⷲ᢯ ἮӮӿᢞᶳӪ⢮ᢞᶳᕲᵪᏽᫎ؞ᨎϲ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗ↋૮ὢ૒. ૮ྷᣋᢞӣᾓ ᶾᤊ὆ ⱶᣋᢞӪЇὢ⹻Ὢ⹂ఊ૮׊ኖ૖⒢Ӯӿ὆ӣ׷, Ὢ᢯ἲᒅᶢࢊ⼢ ϮϮኗ`ὢᶶ୆Ӯӿ᥺ᘲḮ૚ᆚ, ੢⨚ᶢᆚↆⵆ὆ӮӿᢞᶳἮ૒ᵿⵊϮ♆Ḯ ኗ`Ἢ၊▂՚ఆં⫺⮦⹂ఊ᥺ᘲ὾೒὆Ӯӿẃ՚ᅪ▗ ⵆ؞Ỳⵢ⢮ᢞᶳ ᕲᵪᏽᫎ؞ᨎᕲᵪḮἣ·ᓣⵗἲ⦣ⵢ૒ᵿⵆѺᕲ⹂ఆᶶ૒. ॻ⓺Ӯӿ, ⛖ᒒ᥆ Ӯӿ(MICEӮӿ), ὆ႺӮӿ, Ἲ᫋Ӯӿ, ᧪ⴿӮӿ, ࿶⯚☎Ӯӿ, ⡚ზⅶӮӿ, ጦ⹂ Ӯӿ, ᪒ᆶ⪦Ӯӿ೟ὢӮӿᢞᶳᶾᤊἣ·ᓣⵗὢ᫚⹂ఊҞӪཪⵎᨆὶ૒(᫚ Ếᤛ2013; ὢேẾṦ2014). ὢ ંӮӿᢞᶳὢ὾ᷞ᪒࿫Ѻἣ·ᓣⵗᢞᶳἪ၊ ὦ᫋ఆӎὶἪ቞, Ӫў᥺ᘲⶓཫ`ὦᢞᶳὢཪંὦ᫋ᓢ૒ં૒ᵿⵊἣ·ᓣⵗ ἲ⦣ⵢ↮ᷛ὆Ӯဖᢞᶳἲ↲⽓ⵆં⓷ᇒᢞᶳἪ၊ῲ⹆ఆӎὶ૒(Ḓ␫ⷲ 2014). ෾Ӯӿ ␳὆ᷯᷛ෾ⵊӪўᶾંᨇᐃ, ⵛӣ, ᫋ἺႺ, ᷚ⵷ᢚ, Ӯӿ↮ ೟ᶾ՛ⵊఆ୆ѱὢ, ╊תᶾં᷂⤞⤺ὦሪ⪦, ὆Ⴚ, MICE, ᪒⯚☎, ICT, ⁞ ᶳ೟૒ᵿⵊᢞᶳᕲᵪḮ὆ἣ·ᓣⵗἪ၊⹃૮ఆӎὶ૒(ᴶ⽚὾‧᫚Ếᤛ2013).

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៟⎣ ! ㄜo⛜㽐 ᛧᛸㄿ ㇼ㘬 ⿨⿔

3. Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆՚⁞Ḯᕲ⯚

6141# ખધṆ⍛⓮# ㎫ệ઒# ᩖ㏪

ᵌᤊᤒታⵆᷮೝὢӮӿᢞᶳἮὪᐆ`ὦᢞᶳᕲᅆ၊ં՚ᕲⵎᨆᶴ૒. ૖Ὢ ⵊἎ⸃὆ᤊᘲ᪒၊՚ᕲఎᨆᶴӎ, Ӯӿᢞᶳᒂ⃪᫊ᷛ↮᥻`Ἢ၊⹃૮ఆᶢ Ṃ؞ഺጦὢ૒. צ࿚ࢆӮӿ᫊ᾓὢ⹃૮ఆӎӮӿᢞᶳὢ᤟ᾓⵆቢᤊᆼἮᤎ↲ ՛೒ᶾᤊંⱊ⃮ᢞᶳᕲᅆḮં૒ᅦ⪧ᨆᕲᅆᅪ⦣ⵢӮӿᢞᶳἲᕲᅆⵆӎצᒂ ⃪ᅪᤒ ⵆӎὶ૒. ẞᆚࢆཪ᫊ᷛ2010लᕮ⤞Ӯӿᢞᶳ⪧ᨆᕲᅆᅪ ⵆᷚ

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Ảẗⵆӎὶ૒. צ࿚ࢆ⯚ⵖఊᢞᶳⵛኗ὆⃿ᓣ᤟Ӫὢ၊ὦⵊᢞᶳ׊ኖ὆Ӫ૮ ▂Ҳ὆Ϯઓ᤟೟὆ጦ Ϯὶᶢצ૮၊⹊ẗⵆ؞ᶾંⵊҲϮὶ૒. ᓦᷞ՚ᶾᤊંUN-WTOḮEU(Eurostat)὆Ӯӿᢞᶳ⪧ᨆᕲᅆᅪ␦ӎⵊ⺲ ẞᆚࢆཪ὆Ӯӿᢞᶳ⪧ᨆᕲᅆᅪᷞ՚ኗ`ᶾᇌѺᨆ ⵆᷮ૒. צᆚӎᨆ ⵊ Ӯӿᢞᶳ⪧ᨆᕲᅆᅪⵊ՛ⱊ⃮ᢞᶳᕲᅆ὆ᤦᤦᕲᅆ၊ῲ⹆ⵆᷮ૒. ὢ࿚ⵊӪ ἲўⒾᓦᷞ՚ᶾᤊӮӿᢞᶳ὆՚⁞ࢆ׊ኖ೟᫒⣊ᅪᕲᤋⵎᨆὶંӮ ӿᢞᶳᕲᅆᅪ<ⱊ2-4>ḮЇὢ ᫊ⵆᷮ૒. ẞᆚࢆཪӮӿᢞᶳ὆՚⁞ᅪ⫺ᴳⵆ؞ỲⵢỲᶾᤊ ᫊ⵊᓦᷞ՚὆Ӯӿ ᢞᶳᕲᅆ὆ᤦᤦᕲᅆⵛኗἲᢞᶳᷞӮⱊ὆⦣ⵗ᥺ᕲᅆ၊, ෾ὪᕮⵛኗἮ؞ᓦ ᕮጦᨆ⃮Ἢ၊ῲ⹆ⵆᷚ2005लல, 2010लல, 2014लல὆؞⓶Ϯҗ؞⃮⨚έ ᢞ▊ⱊᶾ`ẗⵆᷮ૒. ὢᅪ⦣ⵢ╊תᵫ10लϲ὆Ӯӿᢞᶳ⸃᤟ᏽ՚⁞ᒮ ⹂ᅪᕲᤋⵆᷮ૒. ᕲᤋҞӪંӮӿᢞᶳὢᶢඒᢞᶳᕲᵪḮἣ·ᓣⵗⵆቢᤊⷲ ᾚ὆Ӯӿᢞᶳ՚⁞ᅪ⸃᤟ⵆѺఆᶶં↮ᅪᓢ⃮ᷚ૒. ᓦᷞ՚὆Ӯӿᢞᶳᕲᅆᅪ`ẗⵢӮӿᢞᶳἲᨇᐃᤊᘲ᪒ᶳ, Ἲ᫋῾ᶳ, ⵛӣ Ảᦏᤊᘲ᪒ᶳ, ⒎லẢᦏᤊᘲ᪒ᶳ, ல၊Ảᦏᤊᘲ᪒ᶳ, ᨆ᢯Ảᦏᤊᘲ᪒ᶳ, Ḓཫ ᤊᘲ᪒ᶳ, ጦ⹂ᤊᘲ᪒ᶳ, ؞⢮ᢚᶳ↮Ếᤊᘲ᪒ᶳ೟9ЊᕮጦἪ၊՚᤟ⵆᷮ૒. ὢ೒ϲצᆚӎὢ೒Ӫ⢮ᢞᶳᕮጦӪ὆ῲ⺲ᐗᷞҲᅪᕲᤋⵊҞӪ2005ल, 2010ल, צᆚӎ2014लϯϯ<צᆪ2-4>Ḯ<צᆪ2-5>, <צᆪ2-6>ӪЇὢࢆ ⢮ࢆӎὶ૒. ᷚ؞ᤊ৶ᷚҖᓪѱἮ9ЊӮӿᢞᶳᕮጦӪ⢮ᢞᶳᕮጦ೒Ӫ὆ ῲ⺲ᐗᷞҲᓢ૒ં, Ӯӿᢞᶳࢢ9Њᕮጦϲ὆ῲ⺲ᐗᷞҲᒮ⹂ὢ૒. 2005लல ᶾંὢ೒9Њᕮጦϲ὆ᷞҲ லϮ᢯૮`Ἢ၊ᵫ⵶↮ᆺ, 2010लӪ2014ल ᶾંὢ೒ϲῲ⺲ᐗᷞҲӮҲϮ῾῾ୂЃ⹂ఆӎὶ૒. ⅷ, 2005लலᶾં↮ ׶ᓢ૒Ӯӿᢞᶳ⸃᤟὆ லϮ᢯૮`Ἢ၊࢜ᵆἺἲ὆Ꮶⵊ૒. צ࿚ࢆ╊תἪ ၊Ḛᨆ။ὢ೒9Њᕮጦ὆Ӯӿᢞᶳ⸃᤟ லϮ῾␖Ѓ⹂ఆӎὶ૒. ⅷ, ᨇ ᐃᶳ, Ἲ᫋῾ᶳ, Ảᦏᤊᘲ᪒ᶳἲ⃿᫚Ἢ၊⸃᤟ఆ୆ӪўӮӿᢞᶳӪḒཫᤊᘲ ᪒ᶳ, ጦ⹂ᤊᘲ᪒ᶳ, ؞⢮ᢚᶳ↮Ếᤊᘲ᪒ᶳӪЇἮᢶ၊Ảᢞᶳᕮጦ὆⹊ᐊⵊ ἣ·ᓣⵗἲ⦣ⵢⷲᾚ὆Ӯӿᢞᶳ՚⁞Ϯ⸃᤟ఆᶶἺἲᴺᨆὶ૒.

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ᛧᛸ⪗⾬㲠⯿❫⌿ 㽃᝔㹃㋧⪗⾬❫⌿ ⬟⬟❫⌿ 㤻ể ᛧᛸ ⯣㼸⾬ᶫ⏋ ㈃た ᛧᛸ ◣⿯㹯 ◶ ⬇┣ゐ㹯 ⭳⏋⾬ ᛧᛸ ゛⯿⾬㚇ᶫ゛⮈⾬㇫⬟♫ⲋ ゛⮈⾬ ᠗㪧 ❧ㇼ᠗ ⿓ᘄ ㄈ⪨ ゛⮈⾬た㽔⿓ᘄ ゛⮈⾬ ᪛㽔⿓ᘄ ゛⮈⾬ ᪛⍀ ⯿⪨ ⿓ᘄ ゛⮈⾬ㇼ᠗ 㽔ᛜ ゛⮈⾬ ❧ㇼ᠗ 㽔ᛜ ゛⮈⾬ ᛧᛸ Ⰰ◼⾬䀟㬻⾬⿓ᛧ⾬䄛⽸㤿ᶫ ゛⿨⾬㚔⭳ᬫ ⯿∏ⳃ⬋ ゛⿨⾬ ᠗㪧 ᛧᛸⰀ◼ⳃ⬋ ゛⿨⾬ ᛧᛸ ㄳⳄㇷ ◶ ㋣ㇷ⾬ ㅣ◿ ㄳⳄㇷ⾬㽃Ⳅ ㅣ◿ ㄳⳄㇷ⾬㋸Ⳅ ㅣ◿ ㄳⳄㇷ⾬ㅣⳄ ㅣ◿ ㄳⳄㇷ⾬⬃⽸Ⳅ ㅣ◿ ㄳⳄㇷ⾬᠗㪧た᝔ ㅣ◿ㄇ䅌㋣ㇷ⾬ ┛ᶫㄇ䅌㋣ㇷ⾬ ᠗㪧㋣ㇷ⾬⿓㽰⪓ ◶ ⿓㽰⛛㉗ ⬃⠫ⲋ⾬ ㅣ◿ ◶ ᝔た⿓㽰⪓⾬ ᝔᪛ ⿓㽰⪓⾬ ᠗㪧⿓㽰⛛㉗ ◶ ⿯⽤ ⬃⠫ⲋ⾬ ᝔㈃䁳ㄿ⾬㇫ⳃ ◶ 㽰⪓ ᳧㽰⾬ ┟䀻》Ⅴ ◶ ⇯㇧ ⲋ㷓㠇⪗⾬ ᛜ⿗ⳃ⬋ ゛⿨⾬ ◼┣ᛧ ゛⿨⾬ ⪓㇨㎧ ᛧ⎓ ゛⿨⾬ Ⳅ┣シ ◶ ᷀┣シ゛⿨⾬ ㅷ⿗ᛜシ゛⿨⾬ ᠗㪧 ᶫ⬃ᛧ ⪓㇨㎧ ◶ ㄇ⪓ ⿓ᗧ ᛧ∏ ⬃⠫ⲋ⾬ ᚤ㋣ㆌ ゛⿨⾬ ᛏ㻫ㆌ ゛⿨⾬ ⲋ㪋ㆌ ゛⿨⾬ ៟ た ᠗㪧 ⲋ㷓㠇ⳃ⬋ ゛⿨⾬ㄇシ㎧ ◶ 㬳⎯㳳㩓゛⿨⾬ ᠗㪧》Ⅴㆌ ゛⿨⾬ ᪁ⳃㆌ ゛⿨⾬ ៟ た ᠗㪧 ❫⌿ ⼯ ḃ 》Ⅴ ᛧ∏ ⬃⠫ⲋ⾬㡛㎧᭟⾬ ᠗㪧 ᘓ⟻⎨ ◶ ⚇㳬⾬ ᛧᛸ ᛜᛜ᠗ᛧ ┟䀻 ◶ ᛧᛸ㽰ㇼ ᠗㪧 ⪗⾬㎫䅌㽰ㇼ

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៟⎣ ! ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ㄿ ㇫䂫☐⿗ᚫ ᝓ㉗ᬫ ៟⎣ ! ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ㄿ ㇫䂫☐⿗ᚫ ᝓ㉗ᬫ ៟⎣ ! ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ㄿ ㇫䂫☐⿗ᚫ ᝓ㉗ᬫ ㅷ⊳ 㽃᝔ㄧ㽰 ⪗⾬⿗ᛧ㹃㽛᳠ ⿗ᶫ ㋣㉳㠈䀻⪛㹃ᱻ 䂫☐⿗ᚫ ゗㠈䀻⪛㹃ᱻ ㇫☐⿗ᚫ⍣ ⛛⿓㋧᳋ ☘❫ㄏㄧ㇫㚛㇫☐ ῷᱻ 䂫☐ 㰓ㅬ 㜄⽈⾷⬃ ៟ ⪗⾬ㅛ 㘏㎧㼿ᱻ ⠫㋸ㅛ᳋ シ⼯ㄿ シịㄧ ᛧᛸ⾬ㄿ ⬟❧ ⪗⾬ㅛ⑗ 䀻⪛㹃ᱻ ᛧᛸ⾬ ⬟❧ ⪗⾬ ᗫㄿ ㇫䂫☐ ⿗ᚫ⍣ ⛛⿓㋧᳋ 䀻⪛㹃ㄿ ⪰ㄧ㰓ㅬៃ⒏⍣ ᩿㪧᪛⑗ ⪰ㅛ ㎫㽇⯿≄ 㰓ㅬ៯⽈ㅛ ⎵ㄧ ᙪㄫ ㄿ◟㽃᳋

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6151# ખધṆ⍛⓮# ❖⎃ᩚ# ୲ᠾ⏖# ᬚㆂ

ᓦᷞ՚὆ӮӿᢞᶳᕲᅆᅪᢞᶳᷞӮᕲᤋᶾ`ẗⵊҞӪӮӿᢞᶳἮӮဖᢞ ᶳᕮጦӪ὆ῲ⺲ᐗᷞҲЃ⹂ᅪ⦣ⵢצṦᷞἲ↮᥻`Ἢ၊⹃૮ⵆᷚṂ૒. ὢ ᅪ⦣ⵢӮӿᢞᶳ὆׊ኖ὾⒢லᕲታ᤟ᾓⵆᷮἲѱἪ၊᷶☏ⵎᨆὶ૒. Ӯ ӿᢞᶳ὆׊ኖḮᕲ⯚ᅪᕲᤋⵆ؞Ỳⵢᵌᤊ ᫊ⵊᓦᷞ՚὆Ӯӿᢞᶳᕲᅆ ᅪῲ՛ᢚᶳ⒢⁞ᢚ⦣Ҳᕲᤋᶾ`ẗⵆᷮ૒. ᕲᤋҞӪ2014ल؞⃮Ἢ၊ẞᆚࢆཪӮӿᢞᶳᶾં┋1,757⒊ታὢ⁳ᢚⵆ ӎὶંѱἪ၊ࢆ⢮࢚૒. ὢંῲᢞᶳ⁳ᢚ὾૮ᘲ8.8%ᶾⵢ૧ⵊ૒. צᆚӎ 2006ल૮ᘲ17.5% ↋ϮⵊҞӪὢ૒. ⃪ኗⵎᢚⵛἮῲ⒢Ӯӿᢞᶳ⁳ᢚ὾὆ 41.6%Ϯॻ⓺᫊·՞ᶾᕲ⯚ⵊ૒ં῾ὢ૒. ὢંӿᷛ·⪧ᒲ᫊὆Ӯӿᢞᶳ⁳ᢚ ὾ᕲ⯚ᓢ૒ঀἮᘲ⃿ὢ૒. ෾Ὢᐆ᫊὆ҫẞӮӿᢞᶳ⁳ᢚ὾὆ῲᢞᶳ૮ᘲ ᘲ⃿ὢ8.2%ὢӎ, ӿᷛ·⪧ᒲ᫊὆ҫẞலேᘲ⃿ὢ8.4%ὦ୞ᐆⵢ, ՞↮ᷛӪ லॻᓣⵗ᫊ંேᘲ⃿ὢϯϯ11.4%Ḯ9.1%၊ࢆ⢮ࢊ૒. 2014ल؞⃮Ἢ၊՛ ࢢ ⁞ᶳ⁳ᢚ὾ᘲ⃿ὢῲᢞᶳ૮ᘲ19.6%ὦѱἲӎဒⵆቢ, ॻ⓺᫊·՞ᶾᤊ ῲᢞᶳ૮ᘲӮӿᢞᶳ὆⁳ᢚ὾ᘲ⃿ὢ᢯૧⽶⡚૒ં῾ἲᴺᨆὶ૒. ӮӿᢞᶳⵆỲᕮጦᒲ၊ᢢ⮢ᓢୂཪலॻ⓺᫊·՞Ἦ૮ᕮᕲ὆ⵆỲᕮጦᶾ ᤊᢚᶳ⒢ᏽ⁳ᢚ὾ᨆϮ↋ϮⵆᷚṂ૒. ՞↮ᷛ὆ҫẞ2006ल૮ᘲ2014ल ؞⃮Ἢ၊Ӯӿ᥺ᇒᶳӪᷚ⵷ᶳ, Кᘂᆯᏽᒎ⫳ᶳἲ ṦⵆӎӮӿẢᦏᶳ, ᨇ ᐃᶳ, Ἲ᫋Ⴚᶳ, ⛖ᒒ᥆ᶳ, ጦ⹂‧Ḓཫᏽ࿶΅᪒⯚☎ᶳ೟⃪Ẃᕮጦᶾᤊ⁳ᢚ ὾ᨆϮኖా↋Ϯⵆᷮ૒. லॻᓣⵗ᫊லே؞ϲேᴶ⛖ᒒ᥆ᶳ(-2.5%)ӪӮӿ ⵷ (-5.8%)὆⁳ᢚ὾ᨆϮ૒᥺Ͼ᥺ⵊѱἲ Ṧⵆӎંኖ೎ⵆỲᕮጦᶾᤊ ⁳ᢚ὾ᨆϮ↋Ϯⵆᷮ૒. ↮ᷛᒲ⪧⹂லᶾᤊலॻ⓺᫊·՞Ἦல᫊ᶾᘲⵢӮӿᢞᶳὢ⪧⹂ఊѱἪ၊ ࢆ⢮࢚૒. ⁳ᢚ὾ᨆ؞⃮έ↮Ҳᨆ(Location Quotient)ᅪᕲᤋⵊҞӪ՞↮ᷛ Ӫலॻᓣⵗ᫊ᶾᤊኖాӮӿᢞᶳἮέ↮ҲᨆЀὢ1.0 ὢ᢯Ἢ၊ࢆ⢮࢚Ἢ቞, ⪧⽶ῲ⸃`ὦॻ⓺ὢཪⵎᨆὶં՞↮ᷛἮӮӿᢞᶳ὆⪧⹂லϮ⢮Ἆ⸃ ↮ᷛ೒ӪᘲԾ᫊ϮᾓঀѺࢆ⢮ࢆӎὶἪ቞, ӮӿẢᦏᶳӪᷚ⵷ᶳ, ⛖ᒒ᥆ᶳ

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ἲ Ṧⵊኖ೎ⵆỲᕮጦᶾᤊ⪧⹂ఆᶢὶ૒. ᢞᶳ὆׊ኖᶾὶᶢᤊࢆ⪧⹂ல ᶾὶᶢᤊኖా, ὢ ӮӿᢞᶳἮॻ⓺ҫ ὆؞ᐆᢞᶳὢཪⵎᨆὶ૒. ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ ❧┟ ᝗㎧⿔ ᶫ᭴⛜㽐ⳃ ㅣ◿ⳃ ᛸ⿔㲠⚫ⳃ ㇫᝔ ᛧᛸ⭳⏋⾬ ᛧᛸ゛⮈⾬ Ⰰ◼⾬ ㄳⳄ⊳⾬⿓㽰⾬㣏⚋⬿⾬ ◶ ⇯㇧ⲋ㷓㠇⾬ ᘓ⟻⎨ ◶ ⚇㳬⾬ ᛧᛸ㽰ㇼ ᛧᛸ⪗⾬ ᚫ ㇫᝔ ᳧⠫ ⠫㋸ ᬫ ᳧⠫ ㎄ᗧㄏ㋣㇫᝔⪓⾬㚛㉗⪓㮜ᚫ ᬫ ◶ ᬫ ᠗㋧ㅷ⊳ ㅛゐ ᛧᛸ⭳⏋⾬⾷ᱻ 㽃᝔㹃㋧⪗⾬❫⌿ ⬟⬟❫⌿ ⪨ㄿ Ďᛧᛸ ◣⿯ 㹯 ◶ ⬇┣ゐ㹯 ⭳⏋⾬ď⎳ 㷓㽏ⳃ㪛 ㅷ⊳ ㇫᝔⪓⾬㚛㉗⪓ᗨ ⿗ᶫ 㹃 ! ㎧⿔⚫ ᛧᛸ⪗⾬㉬⪓ㅷ ❫㷓ᬫ ᳏ル ⑬ ៟⎣ ! ㎧⿔ㄇ㿼⚫ ᛧᛸ⪗⾬㲠䀻ᶫᬫ ㅷ⊳ ㇫᝔⪓⾬㚛㉗⪓ 㮜ᚫㅷ⊳

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4. Ӯӿᢞᶳᒮ⹂ᶾഞᅦॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆ЊाӪᒂỲᤒ

ᵌᤊᢢ⮢ᓢᵆೝὢӮӿᢞᶳ὆⬖࿚૒ὲἮῲᐆ`ὦҫ ⬖࿚૒ὲ὆ᒮ⹂ Ḯᇌጪဒ⡚Ѻᒮ⹂ఆᶢṂ૒. ᨇᐃᶳ, Ἲ᫋῾ᶳ, Ảᦏᤊᘲ᪒ᶳ(Ծ⦣)ἲ⃿᫚ Ἢ၊૮׊ኖ૮⃿Ӯӿὢ᤟⵷ⵆ୆᫊૮Ḯં૚ᆚὢ ં૒ᵿⵊᕲᵪḮ὆ἣ· ᓣⵗἲ⦣ⵢӮӿᢞᶳ὆ᒂỲḮἎ⸃ὢ⹃૮ఆӎ૒ᵿ⹂ఆᶶ૒. ὪᐆӮӿᕲᵪ ᶾᤊંॻ⓺Ӯӿ᫊ᷛӮӿᢞᶳ὆⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂ϮẢ୞ᤊ⸃᤟ఊ૮ᴶӮӿ ෾ંἣ·ᓣⵗӮӿ὆ⵊἎ⸃ὢཪ׊ ⵆ↮ᆺ, ॻ⓺Ӯӿ᫊ᷛῲ⒢Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆ ⬖࿚૒ὲῲ⹆ᆺ⡪ὢࢆ⡞ᒮ⹂ᅪҘӎὶ૒. ẞᆚࢆཪ὆ҫẞ؞⁢὆ॻ⓺ӮӿЊाἮॻϮᅪӮӿҫ⃪ᷯ⒢၊, ॻ⓺ᆶἲ ἲӮӿ⹊ே὆૖Ỳ၊Ѓ⁞ⵆᷚṂ૒(ᐃ᫊ⷲṦ2012). ॻ⓺Ӯӿ὆⃪Ẃኗ` Ἢ၊ંல᫊ᏪӪॻ⓺⃪ᏪϲԾᅆ⹊ேⅷ, லॻԾᅆϮЃ⁞ఆᶢṂ૒(Ἆᪧẞ· ὢ⽚␚2005; ὢ␚⽚2005). ॻ⓺὆Ӯ῾ᶾᤊॻ⓺ӮӿἮ᫚↮ᶢ↮ᷛ⹊᤟⹂ ẢேἪ၊ ὆ఆ؞லⵊ૒(ὢ␚⽚2005). ૮⃿Ӯӿ᫊૮ᶾ⃪ᅪὢზ୆ӣ׷὾ Ӯ῾ὢ, Њᒲ⹂ఆӎ૒ᵿ⹂ఊ᥺ᘲ὾ẃ՚▗ ἲЃ⁞ⵆંӮ῾Ἢ၊ῲ⹆ఊ Ӯӿᢞᶳ὆⬖࿚૒ὲᒮ⹂Ḯં૚ᆚ, ॻ⓺ӮӿἮᷚῲ⽶ӣ׷὾Ӯ῾ᶾᢚ၊ᾏ ⷮὶ૒. ὢંॻ⓺Ӯӿὢ૮⃿Ӯӿᶾ૮ⵊ૮ᴶ`Ӯӿ὆ⵊ⸃⣊၊, ෾᥺ᘲ ὾὆૒ᵿⵊϮ♆Ḯẃ՚ᅪ▗ ᫊⢒؞Ỳⵊἣ·ᓣⵗӮӿ὆ⵊ⸃⣊၊᤟ᾓⵢ Ṃ૒ંᢚ᫒ӪંኖᨊఊӮ῾ὢ૒. צ࿵૒ቢॻ⓺ӮӿἮᶢඩѺ ὆ఆӎצᒂỲϮᤒ ఎᨆὶἲغ? Sharpley & Roberts(2004)ંॻ⓺Ӯӿἲⱊ⃮⹂ఊ⬖⢒↮⼢Ϯ὆૮ྷᣋᢞἲ὆Ꮶⵆં ૮⃿Ӯӿᶾ૮ⵊ૮ᴶӮӿ὆ⵆࢆ၊᤟ᾓⵆ؞᫊὿ⵆᷮ૒ӎᓦ૒. צ࿚ቢᤊॻ ⓺Ӯӿἲ“ॻ⓺ᶾέ↮ⵆᷚॻ⓺὆⹆ҫ, ҫ , ᷛᢚ, ጦ⹂, έ↮೟὆ᓣⵗ` ⬖⤢ἲᐆᷯⵆӎ, ॻ⓺᤟(rurality)ἲ⒢ⷆⵆ؞Ỳⵢ⵷ⵆંӮӿἲ὆Ꮶ”ⵊ૒ӎ ᆾⵊ૒. ᷚ؞ᤊॻ⓺᤟ὢ཮“ὦ՚Ꮾலࢆ⦎↮ὢẗӪЇἮ؞ઓ`Ẃ᥺೒ᶾ὆ ⁢ⵆ؞ᓢ૒ં, ॻ⓺⃪Ꮺ೒ᶾ὆ⵢ↿ⵗ`Ἢ၊᪣ೋఊὦ᫋ἲᐆᷯⵆӎ՚᤟⒢ ೒὆ᢚ⹺-ጦ⹂`ᾚⷲ(representation)ᶾ὆⁢ⵆં↮ק⽶ጦ⹂`ὦ↮ᷛ᤟ἲ

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὆Ꮶ”ⵊ૒ӎ׊ ఆӎὶ૒. ὢ೒ᶾ὆ⵆቢॻ⓺᤟ὢ཮↮ק⽶ጦ⹂`ὦѱ(cu lturally bound)ὢཪⵎᨆὶἪ቞, ഞཪᤊॻ⓺ӮӿἮጦ⹂`᫒⒢၊ᤊ὆ॻ⓺ ᤟ἲ⒢ⷆⵆંѱἲኗ`Ἢ၊ὢზᶢ↮ંӮӿὢ૒. ὢ࿞ ὆ᅪഞᅢቢॻ⓺Ӯӿὢ཮ॻᶳ↮ᷛ, צᆚӎॻ⓺↮ᷛᶾᤊᐊᣋⵆં ᇒẞ૒ᵿⵊᒂỲ὆⪧᤟Ӫ⹊ேἲ⯚ⵖⵆѺఊ૒. ὢᶾഞཪIrshad(2010)ં ॻ⓺Ӯӿἲॻᾓ؞ᐆ෾ંॻᶳ؞ᐆ὆Ӯӿᆺἲ⯚ⵖⵆંѱὢᴲશཪ὾ᷞἲ ␬ં⼢Ϯ(ᶾ❂⨚ᶢᆚↆ), லᓢ⹊ே, ೟ᢞ⹊ே, ᪧᆶ⹊ே, ኖⷆ⹊ே, ᪒⯚☎, Ѣ ЃӮဖӮӿ, ᢚ࣓, ᨆⵇᷚ⵷, ᷶ᨎ὿ⱶᏽἎᢞӮӿ೟ᇒẞӿᒂỲⵊᒂỲᅪ ЄંѱἪ၊ὦ᫋ⵊ૒. ጪ၎Ϯᾓᨊᨆⵊ⸃⣊ᅪ؞⃮Ἢ၊ᓪഺॻ⓺ӮӿἮ ① ॻ⓺↮ᷛᶾέ↮ⵢᵪⵆ቞(έ↮᤟), ② ᥺׊ኖ؞ᶳ, Ḓ⳶᪒⮆ὢ᪒, ὾ᷞᏽ ἎᢞӪ὆῿⓷, ῲ⦣ᢚ⹺Ḯ὆῿⓷, ῲ⦣`Ӯ᪣Ӫ὆῿⓷೟ॻ⓺὆⪧ᨆ᤟ᶾ ὆⁢ⵢᵪⵆӎ(ॻ⓺⪧ᨆ᤟), ③ ᫊ᤒὢࢆѢ▃ጪ೟὆᥺׊ኖ᤟ὢἎ↮ఆᶢᵪ ⵆ቞(׊ኖ὆ॻ⓺᤟), ④ ῲ⦣`ὢӎ੾ᆚѺ᤟ᾓⵆቢᤊ՛↮`Ἢ၊Ӯᆚఆӎ ↮ᷛ὆ᾓ؞`ὦὢ῾ἲỲⵢЊᐊఆં⪧᤟(Њᐊ὆ॻ⓺᤟ᏽ↮⃪ᷛᏪᷞҲ) ἲ↮मᵪⵊ૒. ỲḮЇἮ⪧᤟ἲ↮શંॻ⓺Ӯӿᶾ૮ⵊᨆẂϮ↋ϮⵆંѱἮᷚ࿚Ϯ↮ Ếὦὢὶἲᨆὶ૒(Irshad 2010). ⒙⇦, ૖⁞၊Ảல᫊ᣋ⹊ᶾᤊᒅᶢࢆӎ὾ ⵆંல᫊Ꮺ೒὆ẃ՚Ḯὢᅪ▗ ᫊⢒ંॻ⓺ӣϲ὆Ếҗ᤟ᶾὶ૒. ె⇦, Ꮶ ംᶢᶾ὆ⵢ⓷↲ఆંᨆẂὢ૒. ⅷ, ᢶ၊ẢཪὢⳲ᪒⢮ὪᣋᢞἲỲⵢᢶၛӎ ⽓Ꮶ၊ẢӮӿҫⷆἲ▃`ⵆӎὢᅪῲ⫺ⵆંᏦംᶢ὆ᷛⵎ᫊ᷛॻ⓺Ӯӿ ἲ⹊᤟⹂ⵆં୞؞ᷚⵆӎὶ૒. ᤹⇦, ᢚ⹺`ὦ᫋ᒮ⹂ᶾ὆ⵊ⹆ҫᶾ૮ⵊ Ӯ᫚, ⪧⽶ὦϲ-⹆ҫϲӮҲᶾ૮ⵊӮ᫚ὢ↋૮ⵊѱலॻ⓺Ӯӿὢ⹊᤟⹂ ఆં୞؞ᷚⵆᷮ૒. थ⇦, Ծ⦣Ӫ⦣ᫎ὆ᐊ૚, ᷚ⵷ἲỲⵊ ♆ᏽҫ ` ᾓᒫ὆ ўϮॻ⓺ᶾ૮ⵊ῿ת᤟ἲ↋૮᫊✊ॻ⓺Ӯӿ⹊᤟⹂ᶾ؞ᷚⵆᷮ૒. ૒ᤝ⇦, ᥺ೋӪ࿶΅᫊ϲ὆↋૮၊ᵪṦ(ॻ⓺)ᶾᤊὢზᶢ↮ં૒ᵿⵊ࿶΅⹊ ேᶾ૮ⵊẃ՚Ϯ↋૮ⵆᷮ૒. ૒ᤝ⇦, ӎⵇဓᷚ⵷Ϯ೒ὢᵪṦ࿶⡚ᆚᶾὢ᥆, ᶾ❂⨚ᶢᆚↆ, ⪧ᨆኗ`Ӯӿ೟ᶾ⡞Ӯ᫚ἲ؞ẦὢѺఆᶶӎ, ⪧⽶Њὦ⃪὆ ⹃ᢞὢள⪧ⵊҫⷆӪॻ⓺Ӯӿᶾ૮ⵊẃ՚ᅪ⓷↲ⵆӎὶ૒. ᷚᤝ⇦, Ἆᢞ