농업부문 바이오매스의 이용활성화를 위한 정책방향과 전략(2/2차연도)

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(1)연구보고 R545∣2007. 12.. 농업부문 바이오매스의 이용활성화를 위한 정책방향과 전략(2/2차연도). 박 김 이 한. 현 연 상 혜. 태 중 민 성. 연 구 위 원 연 구 위 원 부연구위원 연 구 원.

(2) 연구 담당 박 김 이 한. 현 연 상 혜. 태 중 민 성. 연구위원 연구위원 부연구위원 연구원. 연구총괄. 제1장, 제2장, 제4장, 제7장 집필 제3장, 제5장, 제7장 집필 제2장, 제3장, 제6장 집필 제2장, 제3장 집필.

(3) i. 머 리 말. 바이오매스(biomass)란 에너지원과 자원으로서의 생물체량을 의미하는 것으로 농림업과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 바이오매스의 개발과 이용은 지금까 지도 중요시되어 왔으나 앞으로도 매우 중요한 과제가 될 것으로 예상된 다. 그 이유는 농림업바이오매스의 역할이 지금까지 담당해 오던 식량과 목재의 공급이라는 것 외에 지속가능하고 친환경적 에너지와 바이오제품 의 공급이라는 새로운 영역까지 확장되고 있기 때문이다. 현재 바이오에너지 선진국의 바이오에너지 개발은 농림 부산물을 활용 하기보다는 주산물을 원료로 하기 때문에 식량과 에너지의 경합문제, 환경 훼손 문제 등이 제기되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 바이오에너지는 재생가 능하고, 대체에너지의 확보, 대기오염 감소, 원료 재배농가의 소득창출이라 는 긍정적 효과를 지니고 있기 때문에 전 세계적으로 개발열풍이 불고 있 는 실정이다. 이 연구는 바이오매스를 보다 효과적으로 이용할 수 있는 방향을 제시하 고 정책적으로 뒷받침해야 할 과제 도출과 추진전략을 강구하기 위해 2006년부터 2007년까지 수행되었다. 1년차에서는 국내 농업부문 바이오매 스 이용실태 파악과 문제점 발굴 등이 시도되었고, 바이오매스 이용 선진 국들의 관련 제도와 정책 등을 소개하였다. 2년차에서는 국내외 바이오에 너지 개발 동향에 대해 검토하고 시사점을 정리하였다. 또한 농림업 부문 에서 발생하는 바이오매스의 자원화에 따른 경제성 분석을 통해 우리나라 입장에서 바이오매스 이용활성화를 위한 방안과 전략 등을 제시하였다. 아무쪼록 이 연구결과가 우리나라 바이오에너지 개발에 지침이 되고, 농 촌현장에서 발생하는 바이오매스를 보다 효과적으로 이용하기 위한 정책 개발에 활용되기를 기대한다. 연구진행에 많은 도움을 주신 자문위원님들, 현지 조사에 협조해 주신 관련 전문가들께 감사드린다. 2007. 12. 한국농촌경제연구원장 최 정 섭.

(4) iii. 요. 약. 바이오매스(biomass)란 에너지원과 자원으로서의 생물체량을 의미한다. 바이오매스는 구체적으로 농작물과 부산물, 가축분뇨, 산림작업 부산물, 산 업폐목재, 음식물쓰레기 등을 일컫기 때문에 농림업과 밀접한 관련을 갖는 다. 이러한 바이오매스의 개발과 이용은 지금까지도 중요시되어 왔으나 앞 으로도 매우 중요한 과제가 될 것으로 예상된다. 이 연구는 바이오매스를 보다 효과적으로 이용할 수 있는 방향을 제시하 고 정책적으로 뒷받침해야 할 과제 도출과 추진전략 강구를 위해 2006년 부터 2007년까지 수행되었다. 1년차에서는 국내 농업부문 바이오매스 이 용실태 파악과 문제점 발굴, 바이오매스 이용활성화를 위한 과제 도출 등 이 시도되었다. 또한 바이오매스 이용 선진국들의 관련 제도와 정책 등을 소개하였다. 2년차에서는 국내외 바이오매스 이용 동향과 시사점에 대해 정리하고, 농림업 부문 바이오매스의 자원화에 따른 경제성 분석을 통해 우리나라 입장에서 바이오매스 이용방향과 전략 등을 제시하였다. 최근 들어 바이오매스를 이용한 바이오에너지 개발에 대해 세계 각국의 관심이 높아지고 있다. 주요 원인은 지속되고 있는 고유가 문제, 화석연료 에 의한 환경 문제, 농업침체로 인한 농촌사회 쇠퇴 등 다양한 문제를 해 결하기 위한 방편으로 바이오에너지의 역할이 부각되었기 때문이다. 바이 오에너지는 고체, 기체 등 다양한 형태로 이용되고 있는데, 최근 가장 중요 하게 부각되는 것은 액체로 된 바이오에탄올과 바이오디젤 등 수송용 바이 오연료이다. 바이오에탄올은 미국과 브라질을 중심으로 생산되는데 세계 바이오연료 생산량의 85% 가량을 차지한다. 반면 바이오디젤은 EU 회원국이 주로 생 산하고 있다. 바이오연료 생산 동향이 지역에 따라 현격한 차이를 보이는 것은 생산지의 바이오매스 부존량과 밀접한 관계가 있기 때문이다. 우리나라는 바이오에너지에 대한 개발수준이 선진국에 미치지 못하는.

(5) iv 초보 단계라 할 수 있다. 바이오에탄올은 실증평가를 실시하고 도입 가능 성을 검토하고 있으며, 바이오디젤은 현재 초기단계이지만 2006년부터 상 용화 된 상태이다. 국내 바이오디젤의 시장규모는 연간 9만㎘로 전체 경유 소비량의 0.5%에 그치고 있는 실정이다. 그나마 수입 대두유가 주요 원료 로 이용되고 있다는 사실에 비추어 볼 때 본격적인 바이오에너지 개발 단 계에 있다고 할 수 없다. 우리나라에서 도입 가능한 바이오디젤 원료작물로는 품종, 생산수준, 생 산비, 바이오연료 제조기술 수준 등을 종합하여 고려해 볼 때 유채와 대두 가 가능성 높은 것으로 나타났다. 바이오에탄올 원료작물로는 쌀(재고 현 미)과 고구마 등이 가능하며 사회적 비용-편익 분석결과, 원료비가 상대적 으로 낮은 쌀을 이용하는 것이 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 현재 주요 선진국들의 바이오에너지 개발은 자국의 경쟁력 있는 곡물을 이용하는 경우가 많다. 그러나 곡물을 이용한 개발은 예상하지 못했던 환 경오염 문제, 식량 및 사료자원의 감소와 같은 심각한 부작용을 동반하게 되었다. 이러한 추가적인 문제를 해결하기 위해 선진국에서는 섬유질을 이 용한 바이오연료 개발에 국가적인 노력을 기울이고 있다. 이와 같이 바이 오에너지 개발은 해당 국가의 부존자원, 과학기술 등에 따라 좌우된다고 할 수 있으나 결국 그 국가의 개발의지에 따라 최종적으로 결정된다. 따라서 우리나라도 부존자원을 이용한 바이오에너지 개발에 매우 신중 할 필요가 있다. 단순히 선진국에서 상용화된 곡물을 이용한 바이오연료 개발기술을 도입할 것이 아니라 우리 국토에 심각한 부작용을 초래하지 않 는 범위 내에서 개발이 가능한 방법을 강구하여야 할 것이다. 이를 위해서 는 선택과 집중에 의한 개발 전략이 필요하다. 바이오디젤의 경우는 유채 와 같이 농가에서 도입 가능하고 농가소득과 연계할 수 있는 원료작물의 재배를 통해 생산을 확대할 필요가 있다. 바이오에탄올의 경우는 국내에서 대규모 경작을 통해 원료를 확보하기가 현실적으로 어렵다. 따라서 식량과 경합을 일으키지 않고 기존의 농림업 바이오매스를 이용할 수 있는 셀룰로 오스에탄올 이른바 제2세대 바이오에너지 개발에 중점을 두고 추진할 필 요가 있다. 우리의 상황을 충분히 인식하고 우리 사정에 맞는 바이오에너.

(6) v 지 개발을 위해 적극적인 투자와 지원을 아끼지 말아야 할 것이다. 한편, 농림업 바이오매스는 지역적으로 광범위하게 분산되어 수집에 어 려움이 많고, 자원화 과정에서 경제성을 확보하기가 어려운 문제점을 내포 하고 있다. 그러나 바이오매스의 이용은 폐자원의 활용이라는 점과 지구온 난화 방지 등 환경문제를 완화하는 데 기여할 수 있다. 무엇보다도 바이오 매스를 이용한 에너지 및 제품화가 새로운 산업으로 발전할 수 있는 가능 성이 있다. 이러한 새로운 산업으로의 발전은 농업․농촌의 활성화에 기여 하고 순환형 지역사회를 형성하는 데 기여할 수 있다. 농림지역 내에는 농산부산물, 가축분뇨, 목재나 산림작업 부산물 등 다 양한 농림업바이오매스가 발생한다. 이러한 폐기물계 바이오매스를 효과적 으로 이용하기 위해서는 단일 바이오매스를 대상으로 할 것이 아니라 농림 업 각 부문에서 발생하는 바이오매스를 종합적으로 이용할 수 있는 시스템 을 갖추어야 한다. 또한 농림업바이오매스뿐만 아니라 지역 내의 일반 가 정․식품가공분야․식당 등에서 발생하는 음식물쓰레기와 식품폐기물 등 도 자원화의 대상으로 삼아야 한다. 각종 바이오매스를 자원화하기 위해서는 지역단위에서 운영하는 가칭 바이오매스자원화센터가 필요하다. 자원화센터는 농축산부산물, 산림부산 물, 식품폐기물, 음식물쓰레기 등을 이용하여 퇴비, 사료 등 바이오매스 제 품과 가스 및 전기 등을 생산할 수 있는 설비와 운용 인력 확보가 선결 과 제이다. 생산된 퇴비나 사료 등은 농업부문에 재 환원되고, 가스, 전기 등 의 에너지는 지역 내의 일반 가정 및 농림업에서 이용할 수 있는 체계가 구축되어야 한다. 이러한 일련의 시스템이 지역 내 바이오매스자원화센터 를 중심으로 작동되기 위해서는 바이오매스 발생자와 자원 이용자의 적극 적인 참여가 전제조건이기는 하나 중앙 및 지방정부의 역할이 매우 중요한 요소라 할 수 있다..

(7) vi ABSTRACT. Policy Issues and Strategies to Boost Biomass Utilization in Agricultural Sector: Problems and Issues in Korea Biomass is the total mass of living organisms in an ecosystem as a source of energy and raw materials. It is closely related with agriculture and forestry since it is mostly composed of agricultural products, by-products, animal manure, by-products from forestry activities, industrial wood waste, and food waste. The development and utilization of biomass have been a very important task and will continuously be treated as an important subject in the future. This study is a two-year project with the main purposes of developing efficient utilization systems and finding tasks and strategies to make and support policies. This study began with subjects such as grasping the current situation, excavating the problems, and finding tasks for domestic agricultural biomass utilization. Related institutions and policies of developed countries on biomass were also introduced. For the second period of the study, utilization trends and suggestions on biomass have been summarized, and policy directions and strategies of biomass utilization have been also presented based on economic analyses. Many countries around the world are interested in developing bioenergy because it plays an important role in solving various problems caused by high crude oil price, intensive use of fossil fuel, and stagnancy of agriculture. Bioenergy may be gaseous, liquid or solid. The worldwide interest focuses on biofuel, a liquid type of bioenergy. Bioethanol and biodiesel are representative biofuels which replace gasoline and diesel. The United States and Brazil are the main producers of bioethanol and their share of total production is 85%. Biodiesel, on the other hand, is mainly produced by member countries of the EU. The differ-.

(8) vii. ent trends of biofuel production are strongly related to the resource reserves in the production regions. The development of bioenergy in Korea is just at the beginning stage. Bioethanol is being tested for introduction after the actual proof of assessment. On the other hand, biodiesel has been in the early stages of commercialization since 2006. The market size of biodiesel is 90 thousand kilo-liters, and its share accounts for only 0.5% of all diesel consumption. However, Korea is not in the real development stage since soybean oil, the main feedstock, is still imported from abroad. Rapeseed and soybeans are good candidates for the feedstock of biodiesel when we assess the feasibility of feedstock based on production level, cost, technology and breeds. For bioethanol, rice (stock) and sweet potatoes are relatively good feedstocks. The development of bioenergy in developed countries is mainly based on the competitive resources of their own. Grain-based biofuel, however, has been accompanied by unexpected serious side effects, such as environmental problems and decrease of food and feed. Some developed countries are making every effort to make biofuel from fiber, which will solve the problems caused by side effects. Bioenergy development depends on the resource reserves, technology, etc. but ultimately relies on the will of a government to develop bioenergy. We need to be very careful, consequently, in developing bioenergy. It is required to find the most proper way for development. It cannot be done simply by adopting the existing method that developed countries are applying, but by finding ways that do not cause serious side effects to our country. For this purpose, we need to carefully set up development strategies based on good choice and concentration. For biodiesel, the conditions of good feedstock are that it should be easy to be adopted and its production is positively related to the household incomes just like rapeseed. For bioethanol, it is difficult to secure feedstock based on large-scale domestic cultivation. Therefore, we need to push forward our bioenergy development focusing on cellulosic ethanol, the second generation bioenergy which does not come into conflict with food for its feedstock. It is required not to be stingy with progressive investments and supports for the development of bioenergy which is fit for our circumstances..

(9) viii. Biomass from agricultural and forestry activities is usually scattered about in vast areas, and this makes it difficult to collect and be economically viable. The utilization of waste resources as feedstock, however, contributes to preventing global warming. And the production of bioenergy and biomaterials from biomass can expand into a new industry that leads to activate agriculture and rural society and form cyclic local areas. Various forms of biomass, such as agricultural by-products, animal manure, and wood wastes of forest activities, are obtained in rural areas. Hence, it is required to prepare a comprehensive utilization system which will lead to the efficient use of biomass from various sources, rather than focusing on biomass from a single source. The tentatively-named and locally-managed “Biomass Resource Center” is required to make biomass into energy or material resources. It is the prior task to obtain facilities and labor to produce compost, feed, and other biomaterials as well as gas and electricity from various biomass. The manure and feed should be reused for agricultural production, and the gas and electricity must be utilized for local households and agricultural activities. To operate these systems centering around the local biomass resource center, active participation of every stakeholder is a prerequisite to success, and the role of the central government is also very important. Researchers: Park Hyun-Tae, Kim Yean-Jung, Lee Sang-Min, and Han Hye-Sung Research Period: 2007.1~2007.12 E-mail address: htpark@krei.re.kr, yjkim@krei.re.kr, smlee@krei.re.kr, funny1978@krei.re.kr.

(10) ix. 차. 례. 제1장 서론 1. 연구 필요성 ··························································································· 1 2. 연구 목적 ······························································································ 2 3. 선행연구 검토 ······················································································· 3 4. 연구범위와 방법 ··················································································· 7 5. 주요 연구내용과 보고서 구성 ··························································· 10 제2장 바이오에너지 개발 및 이용 동향과 과제 1. 바이오에너지의 개념과 특징 ···························································· 13 2. 주요 국가의 바이오에너지 개발 및 이용 동향 ······························ 20 3. 우리나라 바이오에너지 개발 동향 ··················································· 32 4. 우리나라 바이오에너지 개발을 위한 과제와 전략 ························· 44 제3장 바이오에너지 원료작물의 이용 가능성 분석 1. 바이오에너지 원료작물의 종류와 도입 필요성 ······························ 51 2. 바이오에너지 원료작물의 국내 생산현황 ········································ 53 3. 바이오에너지 연료작물의 경제성 분석 ············································ 62 4. 바이오에너지 연료작물 도입방향과 과제 ········································ 77 제4장 농산바이오매스의 이용 활성화 방안 1. 농산바이오매스의 종류와 발생량 ····················································· 83 2. 농산바이오매스의 이용 동향과 시사점 ············································ 87 3. 농산바이오매스의 경제성 분석 ························································· 94 4. 농산바이오매스 이용 활성화를 위한 과제와 전략 ······················· 105.

(11) x 제5장 축산바이오매스의 이용 활성화 방안 1. 축산바이오매스의 종류와 발생량 ··················································· 113 2. 축산바이오매스 이용 동향과 시사점 ············································· 117 3. 축산바이오매스의 경제성 분석 ······················································· 123 4. 축산바이오매스 이용 활성화를 위한 과제와 전략 ······················· 145 제6장 임산 바이오매스의 이용 활성화 방안 1. 임산바이오매스의 종류와 발생량 ··················································· 151 2. 임산바이오매스의 이용 동향과 시사점 ·········································· 162 3. 임산바이오매스의 경제성 분석 ······················································· 170 4. 임산바이오매스 이용 활성화를 위한 과제와 전략 ······················· 176 제7장 요약 및 결론 1. 요약 ···································································································· 185 2. 결론 ···································································································· 192 참고 문헌 ···································································································· 196.

(12) xi. 표 차 례. 제1장 표 1- 1. 농업부문 바이오매스 종류별 자원화 연구대상 ··················· 7 표 1- 2. 바이오매스 이용 경제성 분석을 위한 원고위탁 내용 ········ 9 표 1- 3. 분야별 연구자문단 명단 ························································· 9 표 1- 4. 2차년도 전문가 간담회 내역 ··············································· 10 표 1- 5. 1차년도의 주요 연구내용 ····················································· 11 제2장 표 2- 1. 바이오에너지 이용의 장단점 ················································ 15 표 2- 2. 바이오연료의 종류별 특성 ··················································· 16 표 2- 3. 세계 바이오연료 생산현황(2005) ········································· 17 표 2- 4. 세계 수송연료 시장 수요전망 ·············································· 18 표 2- 5. 바이오에탄올 생산시설 및 생산능력 ·································· 21 표 2- 6. 원료 작물별 바이오에탄올 생산현황(2006) ························ 21 표 2- 7. 에탄올 지원을 위한 법안 ····················································· 22 표 2- 8. 연도별 EU 바이오연료 생산추이 ········································ 25 표 2- 9. EU 회원국의 바이오디젤 생산현황 ····································· 27 표 2-10. EU 회원국의 바이오디젤 생산능력 ····································· 27 표 2-11. EU 회원국의 바이오에탄올 생산현황 ································· 28 표 2-12. 브라질 에탄올 생산현황 ······················································· 29 표 2-13. 주요 국가의 원료별 에너지 생산비중(2005) ······················ 31 표 2-14. 우리나라 바이오매스 부존 및 가용 자원량 ······················· 33 표 2-15. 신․재생 에너지 보급목표 ················································· 33 표 2-16. 2011년 바이오에너지원별 보급계획 ···································· 34 표 2-17. 바이오 연료 도입 연혁 ························································· 35.

(13) xii 표 2-18. 시범사업 기간 중 국내산 유채유 공급계획 ······················· 37 표 2-19. 바이오디젤 보급목표 ····························································· 37 표 2-20. 바이오에너지 국내외 기술현황 비교 ·································· 39 표 2-21. 생산원료 조달 및 원료별 비중 현황과 전망 ····················· 41 표 2-22. 향후 이용가능성이 높은 원료작물 ······································ 42 표 2-23. 바이오디젤업체의 정부 부처별 요구사항 ··························· 43 표 2-24. 바이오에너지 이용 활성화를 위한 추진과제 및 전략 ······ 46 표 2-25. 바이오에너지 개발 관련주체별 역할 ·································· 48 제3장 표 3- 1. 바이오에너지 연료 작물의 종류 및 활용 형태 ················· 52 표 3- 2. 대두의 국제 경쟁력 비교 ····················································· 53 표 3- 3. 주요 작물별 오일 수율 ························································· 54 표 3- 4. 땅콩의 주요 생산국과의 경쟁력 비교 ································· 55 표 3- 5. 식물성오일 생산 비중 및 바이오디젤 원료 비중 ·············· 57 표 3- 6. 한․중․일 고구마 경쟁력 비교 ·········································· 59 표 3- 7. 주요 작물의 단위면적당 수량 및 에탄올 생산량 비교 ···· 60 표 3- 8. 작물별 상용화 가능성 ··························································· 61 표 3- 9. 사회적 비용-편익 추정에 사용된 자료(유채) ····················· 65 표 3-10. 유채를 이용한 바이오디젤 생산의 B/C분석 결과 ············· 67 표 3-11. 유채 품종개발에 의한 바이오디젤 생산의 B/C분석 결과 ·· 68 표 3-12. 유채 품종개발에 대한 민감도 분석결과 비교 ··················· 69 표 3-13. 시나리오별 석유대체효과 ··················································· 70 표 3-14. 시나리오별 유가변동에 대한 민감도 분석결과 비교 ········ 70 표 3-15. 사회적 비용-편익 추정에 사용된 자료(대두) ····················· 71 표 3-16. 대두를 이용한 바이오디젤 생산의 B/C분석 결과 ············· 72 표 3-17. 바이오에탄올 경제성 분석에 이용된 자료 ························· 74 표 3-18. 작물별 바이오에탄올 생산의 B/C분석 결과 ······················ 75 표 3-19. 바이오연료별 경제성 분석결과(종합) ·································· 76.

(14) xiii 표 3-20. 바이오에너지 원료작물별 상용화 가능성 ··························· 79 표 3-21. 바이오연료가 수송용 경유 소비량에서 차지하는 비중 전망 ··············································································· 81 표 3-22. 바이오에너지 원료작물별 생산성 향상과 생산비 절감을 위한 전략 ··············································································· 81 제4장 표 4- 1. 주요 농작물의 바이오매스 발생량 ···································· 84 표 4- 2. 농산바이오매스 종류별 에너지 부존량 ······························· 85 표 4- 3. 과수바이오매스의 에너지 부존량 ········································ 86 표 4- 4. 신재생에너지 공급목표에서 농산바이오매스 에너지량의 비중 ···································································· 86 표 4- 5. 농산바이오매스의 이용용도 ·················································· 87 표 4- 6. 지대별 농가의 볏짚 활용용도 ·············································· 88 표 4- 7. 농가의 수도작 바이오매스 활용 실태 ································· 89 표 4- 8. RPC부산물의 판매처와 사용용도 ········································ 90 표 4- 9. 경제성 분석을 위한 기본 전제 ············································ 95 표 4-10. 곤포작업 경제성분석을 위한 지표 ······································ 96 표 4-11. 곤포생산을 위한 연간 고정비용 ·········································· 97 표 4-12. 곤포생산을 위한 변동비용(1ha기준) ··································· 97 표 4-13. 곤포판매를 통한 수입(1ha기준) ··········································· 97 표 4-14. 과수 전정가지의 톱밥화 경제성 분석을 위한 지표 ·········· 99 표 4-15. 톱밥생산을 위한 연간 고정비용 ·········································· 99 표 4-16. 톱밥생산을 위한 변동비용(1ha기준) ································· 100 표 4-17. 톱밥판매를 통한 수입(1ha기준) ········································· 100 표 4-18. 과원규모별 톱밥화에 따른 손익 비교 ······························ 101 표 4-19. 펠릿작업 경제성 분석을 위한 지표 ·································· 102 표 4-20. 펠릿생산을 위한 연간 고정비용 ········································ 103 표 4-21. 펠릿생산을 위한 변동비용(1ha기준) ································· 103.

(15) xiv 표 4-22. 펠릿판매를 통한 수입(1ha기준) ········································· 104 표 4-23. 유채재배 규모별 펠릿화에 따른 손익 비교 ····················· 104 표 4-24. 농산바이오매스 이용 활성화를 위한 추진과제 ··············· 106 표 4-25. 농산바이오매스 이용 촉진을 위한 지원장비(예) ············· 109 표 4-26. 각종 바이오매스의 연료화 이용 예 ·································· 109 표 4-27. 농산바이오매스 이용 활성화를 위한 주체별 역할 ·········· 112 제5장 표 5- 1. 가축분뇨 발생량 현황(2006년) ··········································· 114 표 5- 2. 연도별 부산물비료 생산업체수 ·········································· 118 표 5- 3. 연도별 액비 저장조 설치 지원현황 ·································· 118 표 5- 4. 축산폐수공공처리시설 운영현황 ········································ 119 표 5- 5. 폐기물 해양배출량 현황 ····················································· 120 표 5- 6. 가축분뇨 발생 및 처리실태(2006년) ································· 121 표 5- 7. 처리방법에 의한 유형구분 ················································· 124 표 5- 8. 자원화 유형별 처리시설 기준 및 특징 ····························· 125 표 5- 9. 처리규모별 자원화 개요(유형Ⅰ) ······································· 126 표 5-10. 처리규모별 자원화 개요(유형Ⅱ～유형Ⅳ) ························ 127 표 5-11. 자원화 유형별 설치비용 ····················································· 129 표 5-12. 자원화 유형별․규모별 경영비 ·········································· 131 표 5-13. 자원화 유형별․규모별 경제성 분석 결과 ······················· 133 표 5-14. 유형별 경영성과(1만 두 기준) ··········································· 135 표 5-15. 바이오가스 시설기준 및 개요 ············································ 136 표 5-16. 바이오가스 생산시설 경제성 평가 산정 기준 ················· 137 표 5-17. 축산 바이오가스 규모별 설치비용 ···································· 138 표 5-18. 바이오매스 발생량 및 에너지 생산량(1일당) ·················· 139 표 5-19. 축산 바이오가스 경제성 ····················································· 140 표 5-20. 바이오매스 발생량 및 에너지 생산량(1일당) ·················· 141 표 5-21. 가축분뇨의 에너지 효과 ····················································· 143.

(16) xv 표 5-22. 가축분뇨의 자원화에 의한 원유대체효과 ························· 143 표 5-23. 산자부 바이오에너지 보급 목표대비 가축분뇨 대체 가능성 ·········································································· 144 표 5-24. 축산바이오매스 이용 활성화를 위한 추진 전략 ·············· 147 표 5-25. 축산바이오매스 이용 활성화를 위한 주체별 역할 ·········· 150 제6장 표 6- 1. 임산바이오매스 종류 ··························································· 152 표 6- 2. 임산바이오매스 이용형태별 용도 ······································ 153 표 6- 3. 연료별 단위 비용당 발열량 ··············································· 154 표 6- 4. 사업별 면적 및 임목벌채 허가실적(재적) ························ 158 표 6- 5. 산림작업 부산물 발생량 추정 ············································ 158 표 6- 6. 용도별 원목 수급추이 ························································· 159 표 6- 7. 원목 가공품 폐잔재 발생율 ··············································· 160 표 6- 8. 연도별 목재류 폐기물 발생현황 ········································ 161 표 6- 9. 2005년 임산바이오매스 발생현황 ······································ 161 표 6-10. 신재생에너지 공급목표에서 임산바이오매스 에너지량의 비중 ·································································· 162 표 6-11. 연료별 필요 가공 장비 ····················································· 163 표 6-12. 산림작업 부산물 활용 비율 ··············································· 166 표 6-13. 산업 폐목재 이용현황 ························································· 166 표 6-14. 생활폐목재 이용현황 ··························································· 167 표 6-15. 건설폐목재 이용현황 ··························································· 167 표 6-16. 사업장폐목재 이용현황 ······················································· 167 표 6-17. 도시 폐목재 이용현황 ························································· 168 표 6-18. 2005년 폐목재 발생 및 이용현황 ······································ 168 표 6-19. 용도별 폐목재 이용현황 ····················································· 169 표 6-20. 에너지가격 추이 ·································································· 172 표 6-21. 에너지원의 열환산 기준 ····················································· 172.