YWXY≸⓸G 䚐ạ⫼⫤㜈㫴⏼㛨⫵䚍䟀G ḩ┍䚍㍔䟀G ⊰ⱬ㬅
&GGFSWFTDFOUBUPNJ[FS⁾ᚦ⁆Ỷ๖ኞᚪᑚ⯟ᩗ
Spray characteristics of effervescent atomizer with internal flows
K. W. Ku
1, J. G. Hong
1, J. H. Kim
1, C. W. Lee
1, C. D. Park
2, B. J. Lim
2and K. Y. Chung
+Abstract : Effervescent atomizer in which the liquid is ejected from nozzle with bubble caused by gas injection into the
liquid is one of twin-fluid atomizers. Effervescent atomizer is operated with the lower injection pressure and the smaller air flow rate when compared with those of other twin-fluid atomizers. In this study, we attempted experiment study to investigate the atomization characteristics of effervescent atomizer related with the internal flow condition. The nozzle was made with acrylic material to investigate the nozzle internal flow. The macroscopic spray analysis was conducted with internal flow images and spray images. Furthermore, SMD was measured by using the laser diffraction method. According to this study, the internal flow condition changed from bubbly flow to annular flow as the air-liquid mass ratio(ALR) increases. At that time, the atomization characteristics were improved.
Key words：Effervescent atomizer(₆㼊㭒㧛G ⏎㯦), ALR(Ὃ₆-㞷㼊G 㰞⨟゚), SMD (㞷㩗G 䘟‶㧛ἓ)
41# ⅉ#
⹎Ⱃ䢪ڃatomizationڄ⓪ٻ⏣㠛ڇٻ㧦☯㹾ٻ㌆㠛ڇٻ㻶ṫٻ㌆㠛ٻ❇ٻ ㌆㠛㩚㠦ٻỎ㼦ٻ㩗㣿♮ἶٻ㧞㦒Ⳇڇٻ⁎ٻ㭧㣪㎇㧊ٻ㩦㩦ٻ㯳Ṗ♮ ἶٻ㧞┺ډٻٻ⹎Ⱃ䢪⯒ٻ㥚䟊ٻ㡂⩂ٻṖ㰖ٻ䡫䌲㦮ٻ⏎㯦✺㧊ٻ㌂㣿䞮⓪ٻ ⳿㩗㠦ٻⰴỢٻ㌂㣿♮ἶٻ㧞┺ډٻ ₆㼊㭒㧛ٻ⏎㯦ڃeffervescent atomizerڄ㦖ٻ⌊䢒䞿䡫ٻ㧊ٻ㥶 㼊ٻ⏎㯦㦮ٻ⻪㭒㠦ٻ㏣䞮㰖Ⱒڇٻ⁎ٻ㌂⻫㦖ٻ䋂Ợٻ┺⯊┺ډٻ₆ 㼊㭒㧛ٻ⏎㯦㦖ٻ㞷㼊Ṗٻ㌂♮₆ٻ㩚㠦ٻ゚ᾦ㩗ٻ㩖㏣㦒⪲ٻ₆㼊⯒ٻ 㞷㼊㠦ٻ 㭒㧛䞮㡂ٻ ₆䙂ڃbubbleڄ⯒ٻ Ⱒ✺ἶڇٻ 㧊➢ٻ Ⱒ✺㠊㰚 two-phaseٻ㥶㼊⯒ٻ㌂㔲䋺⓪ٻ⏎㯦㧊┺ډٻ㧊ٻἆὒٻ⏎㯦ٻ㿲ῂ㠦 ㍲ٻ㞫⩻ṫ䞮⪲ٻ㧎䟊ٻ₆䙂Ṗٻザ⯊Ợٻ䖓㺓䞮㡂ٻ㏢Ⳏ䞮Ⳋ㍲ٻ㌳ ♮⓪ٻ㠦⍞㰖Ṗٻ㞷㭒⯒ٻ㞷㌂ڃligamentڄ㢖ٻ㞷㩗ڃdropletڄ㦒⪲ٻ 㡊㔲䋾┺ډٻ㧊⩂䞲ٻ㡊₆ῂ⓪ٻṦ㞫゚❇ٻ⏎㯦ڃflash atomizerڄ 㢖ٻ☯㧒䞮㰖Ⱒڇٻ₆㼊㭒㧛⏎㯦㦖ٻ㌳♮⓪ٻ₆䙂㦮ٻ㟧㦚ٻ㫆㩞ٻ 䞶ٻ 㑮ٻ 㧞₆ٻ ➢ⶎ㠦ٻ Ṧ㞫ٻ ゚❇⏎㯦㦮ٻ ┾㩦㦚ٻ ⽊㢚䞶ٻ 㑮ٻ 㧞 ┺ډڶڌڸڇڶڍڸٻ䞮㰖Ⱒٻῃ⌊㠦㍲⓪ٻ₆㼊ٻ㭒㧛⏎㯦㦮ٻ⹎Ⱃ䢪ٻ䔏㎇㧊ٻ 㤆㑮䞾㠦☚ٻῂ䞮ἶٻ㏢㑮㦮ٻ㡆ῂ₆ὖ㠦㍲Ⱒٻⶊ䔏㎇㠦ٻὖ䞲ٻ 䞯ⶎ㩗㧎ٻ㡆ῂṖٻ㰚䟟ٻ♮㠊㢪┺ډٻ⁎Ⰲ䞮㡂ٻ⽎ٻ㡆ῂ⓪ٻ₆㼊ٻ㭒 㧛ٻ⏎㯦㦮ٻ㍶ٻ䛞㦒⪲㍲㦮ٻ㩗㣿ٻṖ⓻㎇㦚ٻ㞢㞚⽊₆ٻ㥚䞲ٻ₆ 㽞ٻ㡆ῂ⪲㍲ٻὋ₆ڈ㞷㼊ٻ㰞⨟゚(ALR)㠦ٻ➆⯎ٻ₆㼊ٻ㭒㧛ٻ⏎㯦 㦮ٻ⌊ٻ㥶☯䔏㎇㧊ٻ⹎Ⱃ䢪㠦ٻ⋒䂮⓪ٻ㡗䟻㦚ٻ㔺䠮㩗㦒⪲ٻ㫆㌂ 䞮㡖┺ډٻ₆㼊ٻ㭒㧛⏎㯦㦮ٻⶊ䔏㎇ٻٻ⏎㯦ٻ⌊ٻ㥶☯㦚ٻὖ㺆 䞮₆ٻ㥚䟊ٻ⏎㯦㦖ٻ䒂ⳛ䞲ٻ㞚䋂Ⰺ⪲ٻ㩲㧧䞮㡖㦒Ⳇڇٻ⏎㯦ٻ⌊ٻ 㥶☯ٻ䔏㎇ٻٻỆ㔲㩗ٻⶊ䔏㎇㦖ٻshadowgraphٻ⻫㠦ٻ㦮䟊ٻ㾂㡗 ♲ٻ㧊⹎㰖⯒ٻ㍳䞮㡂ٻ㫆㌂䞮㡖┺ډٻ⡦䞲ٻⶊٻ㞷㩗㦮ٻ䋂₆⯒ٻ 䁷㩫䞮₆ٻ㥚䟊ٻ⩞㧊㩖ٻ䣢㩞ٻ㤦Ⰲ⯒ٻ㧊㣿䞲ٻMalvernٻ䡫㔳㦮ٻ㞷 㩗䋂₆ٻ䁷㩫ٻ㧻䂮⯒ٻ㧊㣿䞮㡂ٻ㞷㩗ٻ䘟‶㧛ἓڃSMDڄ⯒ٻ䁷㩫䞮 㡖┺ډڶڔڸڇڶڌڋڸ51# ⍈㢖⢞〩# ᮙ# ᮵ᰱ
514# ⎎㚂⡏⼂# Ჹ# ᳓ᴿ
₆㼊㭒㧛⏎㯦㦮ٻ⌊㥶☯㟧㔳㦮ٻ⼖䢪㠦ٻ➆⯎ٻⶊ䔏㎇㦚ٻ㌊ 䘊⽊₆ٻ㥚䟊ٻFig. 1ὒٻṯ㧊ٻ㔺䠮㧻䂮⯒ٻῂ㎇䞮㡖┺ډٻⶊٻ㧻䂮 ⓪ٻ㍲㰖ٻ䍇䋂㠦㍲ٻ㰞㏢Ṗ㓺ڃN2ڄ㠦ٻ㦮䟊ٻṖ㞫♲ٻ㌗㡾㦮ٻⶒ㧊ٻ ⏎㯦⪲ٻὋ ♮㠊ٻ㌂♲┺ډٻ㍲㰖䍇䋂㦮ٻ㞫⩻㦖ٻ㰞㏢Ṗ㓺㢖ٻ㞫 ⩻㫆㩫₆㠦ٻ㦮䟊ٻ㧒㩫䞮Ợٻ㥶㰖♮☚⪳ٻ䞮㡖㦒ⳆڇٻṖ㞫ٻ♲ٻⶒ 㦮ٻ ㌂㥶⨟㦖ٻ ⏎㯦ٻ ㌗┾ٻ 㠦ٻ 㥚䂮䞲ٻ 㥶⨟ἚڃKorea flow meter, PA-20ڄ㠦ٻ㦮䟊ٻ㫆㩫♮㠞┺ډٻ₆䙂ٻ㌳㎇㦚ٻ㥚䞲ٻὋ₆⯒ٻ 㞷㼊⪲ٻὋ 䞮₆ٻ㥚䟊ٻ㞫㿫₆⯒ٻ㌂㣿䞮㡖㦒Ⳇڇٻ㞫㿫₆ٻ䤚┾㠦ٻ 㥚䂮䞲ٻ㞫⩻㫆㩫₆㠦ٻ㦮䟊ٻ㧒㩫ٻ㞫⩻㦒⪲ٻὋ₆ṖٻὋ₆ٻ㥶⨟Ἒ ⪲ٻ Ὃ ♲┺ډٻ ⏎㯦⪲ٻ 㥶㧛♮⓪ٻ Ὃ₆㥶⨟㦖ٻ 㥶⨟ἚڃDywer, model RMA-2ڄٻ⯒ٻ㌂㣿䞮㡂ٻ㫆㩫䞮㡖┺ډٻ⏎㯦ٻ⌊ٻ㥶☯䔏㎇ٻ ٻⶊٻṖ㔲䢪⯒ٻ㥚䟊ٻCCDٻ䃊Ⲫ⧒ڃvieworks, VM-2M 35ڄ ⯒ٻ ㌂㣿䞮㡖㦒Ⳇڇٻ ὧ㤦㦒⪲⓪ٻ CCDٻ 䃊Ⲫ⧒㢖ٻ ☯₆䢪ٻ ♲ٻ stroboscopeٻڃdrelloscope 3020ڄ㦚ٻ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺ډٻ㾂㡗♲ٻ㧊⹎ 㰖✺㦖ٻ䅊䜾䎆㠦ٻ⌊㧻ٻ♲ٻimage grabber⯒ٻ䐋䟊ٻ㔺㔲Ṛ㦒⪲ٻ ⳾┞䎆Ⱇٻ♮Ⳇٻ䅊䜾䎆㠦ٻ㩖㧻♲┺ډٻ⏎㯦㦮ٻ㌂㫆Ị㠦ٻ➆⯊⓪ٻ 㞷㩗ٻ䋂₆⯒ٻ㫆㌂䞮₆ٻ㥚䟊㍲ٻMalvernٻ䡫㔳㦮ٻ㞷㩗ٻ䋂₆ٻ䁷㩫ٻ 㧻䂮⯒ٻ㧊㣿䞮㡖┺ډڶڔڸڇڶڌڋڸٻ⏎㯦㦖ٻ3㿫ڈtraverseٻ㔲㓺䎲㠦ٻ㧻䂮 䞮㡖ἶٻ⩞㧊㩖㠦ٻ㦮䟊ٻ㌆⧖♲ٻ㞷㩗ٻ䋂₆ٻ㩫⽊⯒ detectorٻ㠦㍲ٻ 㑮㔶䞮㡂ٻSMD⯒ٻ䁷㩫䞮㡖┺ډٻFig. 1 Schematic diagram of experimental system
₆㼊ٻ㭒㧛ٻ⏎㯦㦮ٻ㌂㫆Ị㠦ٻ➆⯊⓪ٻ⌊ٻ㥶☯ٻ㟧㌗ٻٻ
ٻٻڌٻ䢣㩫ῂڇٻῂỊ㤆ڇٻₖ㭖䧂ڇٻ㧊㿿㤦ڃἓ╖䞯ᾦٻ₆ἚὋ䞯ڄ
ٻٻڍٻ㺓╖ڇٻ㧚⼧㭒ڃ䞲ῃ₆Ἒ㡆ῂ㤦ڄ
ⶊ䔏㎇㦚ٻ㫆㌂䞮₆ٻ㥚䟊ٻFig. 2㢖ٻṯ㧊ٻ⏎㯦㦚ٻ䒂ⳛ䞲ٻ㞚䋂Ⰺ ⪲ٻ㩲㧧䞮㡖㦒Ⳇٻ㿲ῂٻ㡺Ⰲ䞒㓺㦮ٻ㰗ἓ㦖ٻ3mm㧊ⳆڇٻὋ₆ٻ㭒 㧛ٻ⏎㯦㦮ٻ㰗ἓ㦖 0.5mmⳆٻṲ㑮⓪ٻ12ٻṲ㧊┺ډٻ⽎ٻ㡆ῂ㠦㍲⓪ٻ ⶒ㦮ٻὋ 㥶⨟ڃQlڄ㦚ٻ0.9 l/min㦒⪲ٻἶ㩫䞮ἶٻὋ₆ٻ㥶⨟ڃQaڄ 㦚ٻ ⼖䢪㔲䅲ٻ 㔺䠮䞮㡖┺ډٻ ⽎ٻ 㡆ῂ㠦㍲ٻ 㑮䟟䞲ٻ 㔺䠮ٻ 㫆Ị㦖 Table 1ὒٻṯ┺ډٻ⡦䞲ٻ⽎ٻ㡆ῂ㠦㍲⓪ٻ㥶㧛♮⓪ٻὋ₆㢖ٻ㞷㼊㦮ٻ 㰞⨟゚⯒ٻ㌂㣿䞮㡂ٻALR(air-liquid mass ratio)⪲ٻⶊ㹾㤦䢪ٻ䞮 㡖ἶڇٻALR㦚ٻ㌂㣿䞮㡂ٻἆὒ⯒ٻ☚㿲䞮㡖┺ډٻALR㦮ٻ㩫㦮⓪ٻ 㞚⧮ٻ㔳ٻ(1)ὒٻṯ┺ډٻ ¥«á ć ¥ƇƏƓƇƂƋſƑƑ ƄƊƍƕƐſƒƃ ƇƐ ƋſƑƑ ƄƊƍƕƐſƒƃ á ćŇ ƊªƊ Ňſªſ
Fig. 2 Designed effervescent atomizerSchematic diagram
of experimental system
Table 1 Experimental conditions
Liquid Water
Liquid density (쩐l ) 1000 kg/m3
Gas Air
Gas density (쩐a ) 1.226 kg/m3 Liquid flow rate [Ql] 0.9 L/min
Gas flow rate [Qa] 10 ~40 L/min
ALR 0.0051 ~ 0.0681
61# ੑ# ᮙ# ઉⶺ
614# DOU♺# ᗚᨢ# ሢ⨺ᅞḪ# ⟊ᒃ㍣⇛# Ჹ# Ḯᯞ㍣⇛
₆㼊ٻ㥶㧛⏎㯦㦮ٻALR㠦ٻ➆⯎ٻ⌊㥶☯ٻ䔏㎇㦚ٻ㞢㞚⽊₆ٻ㥚 䟊ٻ⏎㯦ٻ⌊ٻṖ㔲䢪ٻ㔺䠮㦚ٻ㑮䟟䞮㡖┺ډٻFig. 3㦖ٻALR⼖䢪 㠦ٻ➆⯎ٻ⏎㯦ٻ⌊㥶☯ٻ䔏㎇㦚ٻ⽊㡂㭖┺ډٻ Kim❇㠦ٻ➆⯊Ⳋٻ₆㼊㭒㧛ٻ⏎㯦㦮ٻ⌊㥶☯㦖ٻALR㦮ٻ㯳Ṗ 㠦ٻ ➆⧒ٻ ₆䙂⮮ٻ 㥶☯(Bubbly flow)ڇ㻲㧊⮮ٻ 㥶☯(Transition flow),ٻ䢮㌗⮮ٻ㥶☯(Annular flow)㦒⪲ٻῂ♲┺ἶٻ⽊ἶ䞮㡖 ┺ډڶڍڸ⽎ٻ㡆ῂ㠦㍲☚ٻALR㦮ٻ㯳Ṗ㠦ٻ➆⧒ Kim❇㧊ٻ⽊ἶ䞲ٻἆ ὒ㢖ٻṯ㦖ٻ㥶☯ٻ㟧㌗㧊ٻὖ㺆ٻ♮㠞┺ډٻ⡦䞲ٻ㞷㼊㦮ٻ⹎Ⱃ䢪ٻ䡚㌗ ☚ٻALR㦮ٻ㯳Ṗ㠦ٻ㦮䟊ٻ⼖䢪䞮㡖┺ډ Fig. 4⓪ٻ⌊ٻ㥶☯㦮ٻ㟧 ㌗㧊ٻannular flowٻ㧒➢ٻALR㠦ٻ➆⯎ٻ㌂㧊⹎㰖⯒ٻ⽊㡂㭖┺ډٻ Fig. 4㠦ٻ⽊㡂㰖⓪ٻ㢖ٻṯ㧊 ALR 0.0272㦮ٻἓ㤆ٻⶊٻ䞮⮮ 㠦㍲ٻ㞷㭒Ṗٻ㞷㌂✺⪲ٻ㡊♮ἶٻ┺㔲ٻ㞷㌂Ṗٻ㞷㩗✺⪲ٻ㡊♮ ⓪ٻ㡊ٻ䡫䌲Ṗٻὖ㺆♮㠞┺ډٻ䞮㰖ⰢٻALRṨ㧊ٻ0.0681 㠦㍲⓪ٻ ㌂♮㧦Ⱎ㧦ٻ㧧㦖ٻ㞷㩗✺⪲ٻ㡊♮㠞┺ډٻ₆㼊ٻ㭒㧛⏎㯦㦮ٻἓ 㤆ٻannular flow regime㠦㍲⓪ٻFig. 3 (c)ٻ㠦ٻ⽊㡂㰖⓪ٻ㢖ٻṯ 㧊ٻ⏎㯦ٻ⚮⩞⪲ٻ㞷㼊Ṗٻ㟝㦖ٻⰟ㦚ٻ䡫㎇䞮ἶٻ㭧㕂㠦⓪ٻ₆㼊ٻ₆ ⚻㧊ٻ䡫㎇♮Ợٻ♲┺ډٻ⡦䞲ٻALR 㯳Ṗٻ䞶㑮⪳ٻὋ₆㦮ٻ㼊㩗㧊ٻ 㯳Ṗ䞾㠦ٻ➆⧒ٻ⏎㯦㦮ٻ⌊㦮ٻ㞫⩻㦖ٻ㌗㔏䞮Ợٻ♲┺ډٻ㧊⪲ٻ㧎 䟊ٻ ۏےۊڈۋۃڼێۀٻ㥶㼊㦮ٻ ㌂㥶㏣㧊ٻ 㯳Ṗ䞮ἶڇٻ⏎㯦ٻ 㿲ῂ㠦㍲ٻ ₆㼊㦮ٻ䖓㺓ٻ㏣☚ٻ⡦䞲ٻ㯳Ṗ䞮Ợٻ♲┺ډٻ㧊ٻἆὒٻ₆㼊ٻ㭒㧛⏎㯦㦮ٻἓ㤆ٻAnnular flow regime㠦㍲⓪ٻALR㧊ٻ㯳Ṗ䞾㠦ٻ㌂㏣ ☚Ṗٻ㯳Ṗ㢖ٻ䞾℮ٻ₆㼊㦮ٻ䖓㺓㏣☚Ṗٻ㯳Ṗ䞲┺ډٻ㧊ٻἆὒٻALR 㧊ٻ㯳Ṗ䞾㠦ٻ➆⧒ٻ㞷Ⱏٻ㡊㧊ٻ㽟㰚♮㠊ٻ⹎Ⱃ䢪ٻ䔏㎇㧊ٻ䟻㌗♲ٻ ộ㦒⪲ٻ䕦┾♲┺ډ
ٻ ٻ
(a) Bubbly flow (b) Transient flow (c) Annular flow
Fig. 3 Internal flow characteristics with increase of ALR
615# DOU♺# ᗚᨢ# ☋⢫# ㄖ#
⽎ٻ㡆ῂ㠦㍲⓪ٻALR㯳Ṗ㠦ٻ➆⯎ٻ㞷㩗ٻ䋂₆䙂⯒ٻ㞢㞚⽊₆ٻ 㥚䟊ٻLaser diffractionٻ⻫㦚ٻ㧊㣿䞮㡂ٻSMD⯒ٻ䁷㩫䞮㡖┺ډٻ ALRṨ㦖ٻ 0.0051, 0.0272 ⁎Ⰲἶٻ 0.0681 3Ṗ㰖㦮ٻ 㫆Ị㦚ٻ ㍺㩫䞮㡖┺ډ 0.0051㦮ٻ ALRṨ㠦㍲⓪ٻ 㞷㭒ٻ 䡫䌲⪲ٻ ⶊ♾㠦ٻ ➆⧒ٻSMDṨ㦚ٻ䁷㩫䞮㰖ٻ㞠㞮┺ډٻὋ₆⨟㧊ٻ㯳Ṗ䞾㠦ٻ➆⧒ٻ⌊ 㥶☯㦖ٻbubbly, transient flow䡫䌲⯒ٻỆ㼦ٻannular flow⪲ٻ ⼖䞮Ợٻ♮⓪◆ڇٻannular flowṖٻ♮₆ٻ㩚₢㰖⓪ٻ㌂♲ٻ㥶㼊Ṗٻ 㞷㭒ٻ䡫䌲⯒ٻ㥶㰖䞮ἶٻ㧞㠊ٻ⽎ٻ㡆ῂ㦮ٻ㔺䠮㫆Ị㠦㍲⓪ٻSMD⯒ٻ 䁷㩫ٻ䞶ٻ㑮ٻ㠜㠞┺ډٻٻAnnular flow㠦㍲⓪ٻ ALRṨ㧊ٻ 0.0272, 0.0681㧒ٻ ➢㠦⓪ٻ SMD⓪ٻ72.8㎛, 23.4㎛⯒ٻṗṗٻ⋮䌖⌊㠞┺ډٻ㧊⓪ٻ㞴㍶ٻ┾⧓㠦 ㍲ٻ₆㑶䞮㡖❅㧊ڇٻὋ₆⨟㧊ٻ㯳Ṗ䞾㠦ٻ➆⧒ٻ⏎㯦⌊ٻ㞫⩻㌗㔏 㧊ٻ㌂㥶㏣㦚ٻ㯳Ṗ㔲䋺ⳆڇٻἽٻ₆㼊䖓㺓㏣☚⯒ٻ㯳Ṗ㔲䅲ٻ⹎Ⱃ 䢪⯒ٻ㽟㰚㔲䅲ٻ⋮䌖⋲ٻἆὒ⧒ٻ䕦┾♲┺ډ
71# ੑ# #
₆㼊ٻ㭒㧛⏎㯦㦮ٻ⌊㥶☯ٻٻ㣎㥶☯ٻ䔏㎇㦚ٻ㞢㞚⽊₆ٻ㥚 䞲ٻ㔺䠮㦮ٻἆὒ⯒ٻ┺㦢ὒٻṯ㧊ٻ⋮䌖⌒ٻ㑮ٻ㧞┺ډٻٻڌډٻ ALRṨ㦮ٻ 㯳Ṗ㠦ٻ ➆⧒ٻ ⌊㥶☯䔏㎇㦖ٻ bubbly flow,ٻ transient flow⯒ٻỆ㼦ٻannular flow⪲ٻ⼖䢪䟊ٻ⋮Ṗ⓪ٻộ㦚ٻ䢫 㧎䞮㡖┺ډٻ ڍډٻSMD⓪ ALR㯳Ṗ㠦ٻ➆⧒ٻ㧧㞚㰖⓪ٻἓ䟻㦚ٻ⽊㡖┺ډٻ㯟ٻ Ὃ₆⨟㦮ٻ㯳Ṗ⓪ٻ㞷Ⱏٻ㡊㦚ٻ㽟㰚䞮㡂ٻ⹎Ⱃ䢪ٻ䔏㎇㧊ٻ䟻㌗♮ ⓪ٻộ㦚ٻ䢫㧎䞮㡖┺ډ
ⷂઉ᪨㢊
[1] ₖ㭒㡆, 㧊㌗㣿, 2000, “₆㼊㭒㧛⏎㯦㦮ٻ⌊㥶☯㟧 㔳㦮ٻῂ”, ╖䞲₆Ἒ䞯䣢ٻ⏒ⶎ㰧ٻBῢ, 㩲24ῢ, 㩲2䢎ٻ pp. 306~315.[2] H. G. Kim, T. Yano. K. K. Song, T. Shuichi, “Microscopic spray characteristics in the effervescent atomizer with two aerator tubes”, KSME International Journal, Vol.18 No.9, pp.1661-1667, 2004
[3] Suzuki, T., Saito, A., Fujimatsu, T. and Hayashida, K., “Development of A Simple System of Drop-sizing: Part 1 : Development Story and Outline of The System [in Japanese],” Journal of the ILASS-Japan, Vol. 16, No. 54, pp.34-46, 2007
[4] Suzuki, T., Saito. A., Fujimatsu, T. and Hayashida, K., “Development of A Simple System of Drop-sizing: Part 2: Some Examples of Measurements [in Japanese].” Journal of the ILASS-Japan, Vol. 17, No. 58, pp. 44-51, 2008
