제1절 한국 의료의 질 보고서의 설계 방향 제2절 의료제공시스템의 질 측정 틀과 지표 구성 제 3절 한국 의료 질 보고서의 작성 과정
㈃㽃ㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿ⬋ᚫ☐㾌
ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃 ᘃ㶟ㄿ ㋸ㇷᗧ㠿 ◿
◣ᗫ㰓ㅷ㋸ⳓㄿᛜ៰❫ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃㽰ル⚫⯿ᗧ㈃᠗◿ㄿ
㎧❯㈃ᶫㄿ┟㈃⍣㽛ᚗ㼿∋ᱻ◟ỻ㣧⾛ㇼ㘬ㄿ☐㾌ㄧ⎓᩿Ⅳ〧
☗ᚤᛣ㼫ほ⬘ㅛㄇ⪓㼿㝃៣◟⾷⬃㝻㎫᷿ᱻㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃
ᘃ㶟ㄿ㋸ㇷᗧ㠿ᱻ☐SUHYHQWLRQ䀿ㅷ㋸ⳓ⬘SDWLHQWFHQWHUHG
QHVV ៣ᙗ᠗◿HYLGHQFHEDVHGㄣ≃ ほ⽤ḇ ⯿ ㅯ.RK DQG
7DYHQQHU6UDXEH/XIW
ᴻ᭹ㄧ㎯ㄿㄿ⊳⍣ᴻ᪕ㄧ⠫ゐㄣ≃㈃ᛜ㼿ᛇㅷ㼿ᱻᗧ㠿㎧㾌⛛
ᙛㄿ⊳ⳃⲋ㭃YDOXHEDVHGKHDOWKFDUHV\VWHPㄧ㎫⊳ㄿ㠈
⾷⬃☐ㄿ⊳ㄿᗼ䀻⍣㼫ほ≃㽃☐ㄿᗧ㠿㎄᳧ᱻ᠗㉛ㄿ㎯⚸
㠿⊳㋸ⳓ⾷⬃⯿ㅜ⬘ㅛ᪕⼫た᷿⾯ᴿㅣ㘏ㄿ⊳ㄿ㼫ほ⬘ㄫ㽀Ⰷ
ㅟ ⿔ ⦷ ⼫ᲯⅣ ㇼ㘬ㅟ ⿔⾷⬃ᶫ ❧ᗨⳃ㪋ᛇ ㅯ6UDXEH
ῷ㽃 ㎧᩿㡃 ┟䀻 ❫ ㄿ⊳ ㈃ᛜ 㽰ル⚫⯿ᗧ㈃ㄿ ⛜㽐
┟㈃ịㄧ䀿ㅷㄿᙛᗼᚗᛣ㾌⪨⾭ㅛ㋸⛜ㄿ⊳⠫㎧㞃Ộ⠫䂏ㄏㄫ㛯
ⅿ㽃Ⅳ⬃䀿ㅷ㋸ⳓㄿ⊳⍣㎧㾌㼿ᱻㇼ㘬ㄿⳃ㽰ㄧ⿓⇓ㄿシᗫ
ㄿシᛣ ⚸シ ᗫ ㄿシᛣ ㎧⿔⪓䁳 ᗫ 㿸∌ ㄿ⊳ㄿ ᷀᠗⍣ ❧⿓㽏ㄣ≃ⵏ
䀿ㅷㄿᙛᗼᚗᛣ㾌⪨ᛣ㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ⠫䂏ㄏㄫᗷ⭳ⳃ㪓ᙪㅛⳋ㈃
ㅛ៧ㄧ⛛ᙛ⛜㎧㷓⇣ᬫセ⾷ᙳ㆓ḃᗼ䅓ㇼㄿㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯㾌⪨ㄫル㽃ᗧㇸ៣㋸
ᛧ∏ゐㄫ☃㞳㽃ᙪㅫ
㽃ㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯⛛ᛇ⬃⬋ᚫ
3
㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ 㶰ᗧ〧 ㇼ㘬ᛣ㈃į 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
≃◟⛛ᙛ❧⪗㼿,QQRYDWLRQ&HQWHU⾷⬃ᱻㅛ⇓㽃ㇼ㘬☐㾌ㄿⳋ 㿫ㄫᙧ㎄㼿᠗ル㽛⽸㽃㿼㫃ㄿ㎫⊳㿸∌◶㮜㽐⒏㿼ᛣ㎧❯㈃ᶫㄿ
ⳃ♻⪓⾬ㄫ゛㼿ᛇㅯ⎯㎧⎰ㄧ៣ᙗ᠗◿HYLGHQFHEDVHGㅛ
㝃៣ㄿ⒏ệ⚧䀻ᱻ៣ᙗ⍣᠗◿ㄣ≃㝻㎫ḃ☐⬃⠫ⲋㄿㅛゐㄫ
ᝳㆌ㼿᠗ル㽛⬃ᱻ㞐❫㽃⠫䂏ᛣ⬘ᝓᗧㅯ⾛⽣㼿䀿ㅷ㋸ⳓㄿ
㎫⊳ᚫ⒏㿼ㄫᝓ㿫㼿᠗ル㽛⬃㎫㽰᷿ᛇㅯᱻㅟ⬣㳗⟳⪓⾬ịㄧ⒏ ḷ⬘ᛣ㠈ㇼㄫ៣ᙗ≃㼿ᛇㅯᚗ㎯㉲ᛇ⛛ㇸ៣ᗧ㽃ᵗㅛ 㬗ᗧㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ᘃ㿨ㄿ㽜ⳓほ⭳ᗧ᷿ᛇㅯ/XIW
㝃៣⛛ㆌ⬘ᗼ䀻ㇼ㘬ㄣ≃៰ᚐ㽃㎧㞃㎄ᗧᗧᚓ᷿⬃ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜ ⳃⲋ㭃◿⾷⬃⠫ゐ᳧⠫ᚗᛣ⍣㾌⪨ⳃ㪋ᱻᗧ㠿YDOXH㎧㾌ㇸ៣ㄿ
㼫ほ⬘ㅛ䀼᳧᷿ᛇㅯⳇ⬄た㝃៣ᠳ㎧ㇼᶫᗧⳓ㽛㎧ᱻ
᳧㿼 ⪨៰㉬㽐⚸シㄣ≃ㄿ 䀿ㅷ⎣ 㿫⪨ㄧ ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ ⠫䂏ㄏ⬘
ㄫㄣ≃⛛⿓㋣ᱻㅛ⫄⽇㋣᠗⚫ㄿ⊳㼫ほᶫ⾷⍟㽃ㄇ 㿼ㄿ ㄿ⊳⬃⠫ⲋ ㈃ᛜ㚛ᚫᗧ ❧㆓㼿⿓ 䀿ㅷ⍣ ㋸ⳓㄣ≃ ⿓⇓ ⬃⠫ⲋᗧ
ᚫ᷿㎧⒢㼿ᛇἳ≃ᱻ⬃⠫ⲋ㈃ᛜㅛ᷿⬃䀿ㅷㄿᙛᗼᚗᛣᗧ
⼬䀻ḇ⯿ᶫㅯῷ㽃ㅛᛣㇼ⾷⬃㋸⛜⬃⠫ⲋ≃ㅟ㽃❯㼫ほ㽃ㄿ⊳
⠫ᶫ 㛯ⅿ㽇 ⯿ ㅯ ⾛ᱷ ἳ⛛ ⎓᩿Ⅳ ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ ᘃ㶟
㼫ほ⬘ㄧ㪫∌ㄫ☂ᛇㅯ㎧⎳ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃⪨ᛧᚫᗧ┛᩿⛜ㆈ 㼿ᙳ⾤㿧ㅯ⾛㷓᛫ㅟᘃ㶟☐㾌ㄧ㈃ⳃ᷿⾛ᶫᝓ㚛ㅟㇼ㘬ᘃㅬㄿ
᳧⪨ᛣ⿔ㄫ⬇ㇼ㼿᠗ᗧ⾛∜
⽅⬃⾟៰㽃◻〧ᘀㅛ◟ㄧ》◻⎯ᘃ㿨Ộㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ᘃ㶟⾷
᳧㽃㝃៣ㄿㇼ㘬⯿ほᗧ⎓᩿Ⅳ〧ㄇ⪓㼿Ⅳ⬃ㇸ៣ㄿゐㅛ⬘㠈
ᛣ ᚫ ⛛〫ㄫ ㈃≃ ◟ $+54ㄿ 1+451+'5⾷⬃ ㄿ⊳ㄿ
㎯ㄫ㠈ㇼ㼿᠗ル㽛⪓ゐ㼿ᱻᘃᬷ㲧ㄫ᠗⛟㲧≃⚋㠿⎯㪠㼿⿓㽃
ㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯⛛ᛇ⬃⍣⬋ᚫ㼿ᛇㅷ㽃
㈃ㆌ 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃⾷⬃ ㈃ᛜ᷿ᱻ ⒏ệ ⬃⠫ⲋㄿ ㎯ 㠈ㇼ
㽃ㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯⛛ᛇ⬃ᱻᘃ⚫ᛜ៰ㅷㄿㄿ⊳⬃⠫ⲋᗧ⼫ᲯⅣㄿ⊳㈃
ᛜⳃⲋ㭃⾷⬃㈃ᛜ᷿ᱻ⒏ệ⛛ᙛㄿ⊳⬃⠫ⲋ⍣᳧⪨ㄣ≃㽃ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜ ⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ⒏ệ⬃⠫ⲋ⿔⾷᳧㽛㚛ᚫㄣ≃㎯ㄫ㠈ㇼ㽏ㄣ≃ⵏ⛛
❫⑬㼿ᙳ┟㈃⿔ㄫ䀼ㅟ㽇⯿ㅯᛇᘃㅬㇼ㘬ㄿ⬘ᛣ㶰ᗧ⍣ᗧ㼿ᙳ
㽛 ㋫ ᙪㅛ ᚗᛣㄣ≃ 㠈ㇼㄫ 㮜㽛 ⛛ ᝓ㚛ㄣ≃ ᘃㅬㄿ ᳧⪨ㄫ
䀼ㅟ㽇⯿ㅯᛇ㿫㆓ㇼ㘬ㄿ⬘ᛣ⍣㝻㽏ㄣ≃ⵏㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃◿
ㄿ㎯㾌⪨ㄫ᠗᳧㽇⯿ㅯ
ῷ㽃㎯㠈ㇼㄿᘃᬷ㲧ㄧ⒏ệㅛ㽛ᛧᚫㅷịㄿ䁃᷀ㅛㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃ ⲋ㭃⾷⬃ ㈃ᛜ᷿ᱻ ㄿ⊳⬃⠫ⲋㄿ ㎯ㄫ 㾌⪨ⳃ㪓 ⦷ ⼫ᲯⅣ ᝨ០ㄣ≃
◣ㄿᙛᗼ⯿㋧㾌⪨ㄣ≃ᚫḇ⯿ㅯᱻ᠗ㄫᗽ㝻ᶫ≄⬋ᚫ᷿⾛⽣
㽃Ⅳ⬃㠈ㇼㄿ㲧ㄧ᠗⛟ㅟㄿ⊳㎯ほ⭳⦷⼫ᲯⅣㇼ㘬ᛧⳓ ᛣㇼ㘬⬘ᛣ⾷᳧㽛ㄸ᳜㽇⯿ㅯᶫ≄⚧䀻ḇ⯿ㅯ⾛⽣㽃
ᚗᛣㄣ≃㠈ㇼㄿᚗᛣᱻㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃⾷㘟⿓㼿ᱻ⒏ệㅛ㽛ᛧᚫ ㅷịㄿ 䁃᷀ịㅛ ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ᛣ ᙛᗼ⯿㋧ 㾌⪨ㅛⅣᱻ ☐㾌ㄣ≃ ㅣ㠿᷿ᛇ
㉗䀻᷿ᶫ≄ᶫ〧㋫ᙪㅛ㎧ᠳ㎧ᱻ㋣≃⬇㎫ㄿ⯿㋧ᛣ⠫㼿⿓
㎯㾌⪨䁃᷀ㄫ㝻㎫㽛〻ᬫㅛ䂫⽸ㄣ≃䀼᳧ḃ㎯㾌⪨䁃᷀
ㄫ᠗◿ㄣ≃㚛ᚫㅟ㠈ㇼ㲧⾷⏅㝻⾛㎯⯿㋧ㄫ㠈ㇼ㼿ᛇⳃᚫㄣ
≃⾷⬃⚧䀻㝻ㅛ⍣❫⬄㼿ᱻᙪㄧ⎓᩿Ⅳ⒏ệ㎯㾌⪨䁃᷀ịㄫ
㉗䀻≔ᙳㇼ∓ⳃ㪋ᛇⳋ䀻㼿ᱻ៣ᙗ⍣㈃ᛜ㽇ᙪㅛ
ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯⾷⬃ ᚐ㘏GLVSDULW\ 㽛⭳⍣ 㮜㽃 ⳃⲋ㭃 ㎯ 㾌⪨
⼫ゟ⇓◟ᛣᘀㅛ㎧⿔ㅟ㉬㘏ㅛỘㄣ≃ㅟ㽃❯㶰Ộ┟㈃ᗧⳓᗨ 㼿㎧ᱻ⼱㎧⎳⾷⬃ᶫ⭳Ễᚫ㠜ᛇ㘐䀻Ộㄿ┟㈃≃❯㶰Ộほ⭳⾷
㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ 㶰ᗧ〧 ㇼ㘬ᛣ㈃į 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
᳧㽃ᛧⳓㄧ㎄ᗧ㽇ᙪㄣ≃㠈ḃⅣ⬃◟ᛣᘀㅛㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯⛛
ᛇ⬃〧ㄿ⊳ㄿ❯㶰Ộ⛛ᛇ⬃⍣⚫ᶫ≃ㅸ⬘㼿᠗⛛ᱻㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯⛛ᛇ
⬃⾷⬃㎧㹃⚫≃❯㶰Ộほ⭳⾷⍟㎧㹃⯿㋧ㄫ⠫㼿ᱻ❯㶰Ộ❫⬄
ㄫ㝻ᗧ㼿ᱻᙪㅛ㼫ほ㼿ㅛᱻㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯⾷⬃⚧ㅛ⍣ᗷ⭳ⳃ㪋⬃㎯
㾌⪨ㄫㄇᶫ㼿᠗ル㽃,20Dㄿㇸ៣ㄫ⍟ᙪㅛⳋ㈃㚛
ㅟ㎯⯿㋧ㅛ㾌⪨᷿⾯ᛇ㽛ᶫㅣ❧㲠⬘⾷⍟㎸ᗫ㎯ㄿᚐ㘏ᗧ
☃⫄㽃⼫㎨ᶫ㎯㾌⪨ㅛ㼫ほ㽃┟㈃⿔ㅛㅯᱻ◿㎄ㅛ᠗ἳ┟
ㅛ
㽃 ㄿ⊳ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿ ㋣ほ ᛇᘄᛣ ㅛゐㅷ
㽃ㄿ⊳㎯⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿ㋣ほᛇᘄㄧᗧㄿ⒏ệ⯿㋧⾷⬃䁃᷀㼿ᱻㇼ 㘬ㅬ⼯ㅷㅛㇼ㘬ㅬ⼯ㅷ⾷ᱻ䁳㋸⽀◶㎧☐ㇼ❧䀿ㅷ㚛Ộ
㎧㎧㉗㎨ ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜㅷ 㚛 ⭳⠫ㅷ 㚛 ᝓ㚛 㽀䁳 Ộ ⽸㼿
ㄿ⊳㎯⛛ᛇ⬃ᱻㅛịㄿㇼ㘬⯿⎤ㄫル㽃៣ᙗ≃⬃䁃ゐḇᙪㅛ
䁳ᱻㅬ♼䁃᷀ㄿ៣ᙗ≃ᗧ⯿㋧⾷⬃ㄿ⊳⬃⠫ⲋ⍣⫄⪗㼿ᱻㄿ⊳
㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ ㎯ ⯿㋧ㄫ 㶰ᗧ㼿ᛇ ㉲ㄧ ㎯ㄿ ㄿ⊳⬃⠫ⲋᗧ ⫄⪗᷿ᶫ≄
ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄫ ㇼ⠫㼿ᱻ ᵗ ᛧᚫḃ ♼∠ㄫ ᘃㇼ㼿ᙗ᩿ ⪯≃゛ ♼ㄫ
㈃⼯㽇ᙪㅛ㋸⽀ㇼ❧ᱻᗧ⯿㋧ㄿ㎯㾌⪨↜⯿⎤┟㈃⿔⾷
᳧㽃ㇼ㘬ㄿ⯿⎤ㇼ㘬⬘ᛣㄿ㝻⪗☗❫Ộㄫル㽛㎯⛛ᛇ⬃⍣䁃 ゐ㽇ᙪㅛ㎧☐ㇼ❧ᱻ᠗㪧㎧⿔ᛣㄿ⠫⍣㮜㽛ᛇㄇㄿ┟㈃㳳⼬ᛣ
ᛧ∏ㇼ㘬⯿⎤ㇼ㘬⬘ᛣㄿ䀴⛛Ộㄫル㽛⛛ᛇ⬃⍣䁃ゐ㽇ᙪㅛῷ 㽃㎯ほ⭳⚫≃⽸㽃㲠⬘⾷Ⅳ㎯⾷⬃ㄿᚐ㘏⍣❫⬄㼿ᱻᙪㄧㅛ〧
ᛧ∏ḃㅛ㽛㚛ịㄿㇼ㘬⯿⎤ᛣㄿ⪓ᚗㇼ⾷㎨ㇸㄣ≃ᛧ∏ḇᙪㅛ
┣≇㋣ほᛇᘄㅛㇼ㘬ㅬ⼯ㅷⅣᛇ㽛⬃㎯⛛ᛇ⬃ᗧ◣⾷ᙳ㿧
㈃ㆌ 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
ㅛゐ᷿㎧⼱ᱻᱻᙪㄧ⼫Ჯ◣ᘃᘃㅟㅛᘃ⚫ㅟᛜ៰ㅷㇼ⛛⍣
⠫㽇ἳ⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿ㠈ㇼᚗᛣᱻᗧ⯿㋧ㄿ㹃㋧ㄣ≃⬃᠗㋧ㇼ⛛⍣㈃
ᛜ㽇ᙪㅛ
ㅛ◟ᙛᗼ⛛㾿ⳓ⪓㶰ᗧシㄧㄿ⊳ᛜ៰ㅷ⚫≃ㅣ❧㎯⚸ㅛ᩿⬃⠫ⲋ
⿔⾷᳧㽃㎯ㄫ㶰ᗧ㼿⿓ᛜᘃ㼿ᛇㅯῷ㽃ㄿ⊳᠗ᛧ㶰ᗧㅟ㎄シ⾷⬃
ᶫㄿ⊳᠗ᛧㄿᝓ㉗㎯ㄫ㷓㽏㼿⿓㷓᛫ㅟ㎯⯿㋧ㄫ㶰ᗧ㼿⿓ㅟ㎄
ㄫ㼿ᛇㅯㅛ⇓㽃ᚗᛣㄿᛜᘃᱻㄿ⊳⭳⠫ㅷ㍰䀿ㅷᗧᴻ㉲ㄧ㎯ㄿ
ᛜ៰ㅷ⍣⬇㫄㼿ᶫ≄ㇼ⛛⍣㈃ᛜ㼿ᱻᵗ⒐ㄫḷᛇㅯ㼿㎧⎳㿫㆓ ㄿ᠗ᛧ⚫㶰ᗧᚗᛣᱻㄿ⊳᠗ᛧㄿㅣ❧㎯⚸ㅛ᩿⬃⠫ⲋ⾷᳧㽛⬃⎳㎯
ㅛ㶰ᗧ᷿▧≃⭳⠫ㅷㄿ⬇㫄ㇼ⛛≃⬃ㄇゐ⬘ㅛ᭹㎧⼱㶰ᗧ᠗ᛧị ㄧㇼ⛛ㄿㄇゐ⬘ㄫ᭹ㅛ᠗ル㽛ㄿ⊳᠗ᛧㅛ㈃ᛜ㼿ᱻ㚛⬃⠫ⲋ⾷᳧
㽃㎯㶰ᗧ⍣ル㽛᳧⪨⬃⠫ⲋ᩿㎯⚸ㄫ䀼᳧㼿ᛇㅯ⇓᩿㶰ᗧ᳧
⪨ㄿ䀼᳧⾷ᶫ❯ᝓ㼿ᛇ㎫⊳⠫㎧❯ᛣᛧ∏ḃ㚔ᝓㅷ⊳⾷᠗◿ㄫḻ㎯
㶰ᗧᱻᝓ㉗ᛣㇼᚗᛣㄿㄿ⊳㎯㠈ㇼ♻㋣⾷⬃ᛣㇼ⾷⬃㈃ᛜḃ⬃⠫
ⲋㄿ䂏ᛣ⬘ᛣ⼯⬘ㄫ㋸ⳓㄣ≃㶰ᗧḇ⯿◽⾷⾭┣≇⽅⬃⾟៰ 㽃◻〧ᘀㅛ᳧⪨ㄫ䀼᳧㼿⿓㽛᳠♻㋣ㄿ᳧㹃⬘ㅯᱻ㎯㠈ㇼㇼ⛛⍣
⫄⪗㼿ᱻᙪㄧ㼫ほ㼿⇓㽃☃ㄧㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄫ᳧⪨ㄣ≃㶰 ᗧ᷿ᱻ㎯ㄿ㽃ほ⭳≃⬃ㄿ⊳䂏ᛣ⬘HIIHFWLYHQHVVRIFDUHᛣㅣ❧ㄿ
⊳⬃⠫ⲋㄿ⼯⬘VDIHW\⾷᳧㽃㉲ㄧㇼ⛛シㅛḇᙪㅛ
ᚗᛣㄣ≃ㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯⛛ᛇ⬃〧᠗㉛㎯㾌⪨䁃᷀ịᗫ⾷ᱻ㠈ㇼ᳧⪨
ᛣ㋣ほᛇᘄ⾷⬃㘏ㅛᗧㅯ㍰ḿᛧⳓ⿔⾷Ⅳㇼ㘬ㄣ≃
䁃ゐḇ⯿ㅯ⇓᩿ㅷᱻⳃⲋ㭃◿ㄿ㾌⪨ㄫル㽃ះ㿼ㇼ㘬
⯿⎤ㄿ៣ᙗ⍣⫄⪗㼿ᱻᙪㅛᛇ䂫ㅷᱻ⭳⠫ㅷㄿ⬇㫄ㇼ⛛≃⬃ᗧ㠿
⍣᭹ᙳḷᛇㅯᱻᙪㅛ⾷⬃㎯㾌⪨䁃᷀ㄫ㼿ᛇㅯᱻ⿓⇓᠗ᛧ ịㅛᗨㅷㄿᛇㄇ⒐⾷㞐ⳋ㼿ᙳ⬘ᛣ⍣㾌⪨ⳃ㪏ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ
㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ 㶰ᗧ〧 ㇼ㘬ᛣ㈃į 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
㭃ㄿ㎯ㄫ㠈ㇼ㼿᠗ル㽃ㅷ⊳シㅛ㹴❧㽛㎧᷀ⳃ⾷ᗧㅟ㎯⯿㋧
ㄧ㾌⪨ḇᙪㅛ
㉲ㄧㄿ⊳⬃⠫ⲋ⍣⫄⪗㼿ᱻㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄫ⎳ị᠗ル㽛⬃ᱻ㠈ㇼ
⾷᠗◿ㄫḻㇼ㘬⯿⎤ᛣᘃㅬㅛ㼫ほ㼿㠈ㇼ⾷ㅯ⾛⬃ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ 㭃⾷㘟⿓㼿ᱻ⒏ệㅛ㽛ᛧᚫㅷịㅛ㘟⿓㽛⽣㽃㍰ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃 ㄿ⒏ệ㘟⿓ㅷᱻ㽃ㄿ⊳㎯⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿㆇ㆓ㇼ⛛シㅛ᷿ᱻᙪㅛ
㽃 ㄿ⊳ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿ ᠗᳧ 䂏ᛣ
㽃ㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯⛛ᛇ⬃ᱻ⽅⬃⬋⑬㽃◻〧ᘀㅛ᠗㉛ㄿᘃ⚫ᛜ៰ㅷ
ル≃ㅛ⋏⾛㈳ᴿ㶰ᗧ䁃᷀ịㅛ㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ㎯㾌⪨ᛣᴻ᩿⼫ᗧ
◣ㄿᙛᗼ⯿㋧㾌⪨⾷᠗⿓㼿ᶫ≄ᚫ⬘ㄫ᭹ㅛᱻ⿔㽇ㄫ㽇ᙪㅛ⛟
⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿ ㆌ⾷⬃ ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ 㾌⪨ ㇼ㘬ㄿ ⚧䀻⍣ ᙧ㮇㽃 ᚗᛣ
ᬫ᳧ㅛ䂫ㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯㾌⪨䁃᷀ㄧ㶰ᗧ᳧⪨ᛣ㶰ᗧ᠗ᛧㅛ⽸ㄣ
≃䀼᳧᷿ᛇㅯ⇓᩿⬃⠫ⲋῷᱻ㎯⚸ル≃᳧⪨ㅛ䀼᳧᷿⬃
⿓䅯⬃⠫ⲋ⿔ᗫ㶰ᗧᗧ❫ㅛᛇ㶰ᗧᗧ᷿㎧⼱ᱻᛜ☘ㅛ☃
⫄㼿ㅣ❧ᛧⳓ⿔⾷᳧㽛⬃ᱻᛧ∏᠗ᛧᗫ⾷㎯㾌⪨䁃᷀ㅛ㋸⛜
᷿ᱻ⠫䂏ㄏㄫ㛯ⅿ㼿ᛇㅯᗧㅟ䂏ㄏ⬘㠈⾷⬃ㅛ⇓㽃㎯㾌⪨
䁃᷀ịㅛ⬃≃ᚫ᷿ᛇ㿸⾬ᛧᚫ⍣ᗽᶫ≄ㄇᶫ㼿᠗ル㽛⬃ᱻᛧ∏᠗ ᛧịㄿ㘟⿓⍣◻㪼ㄣ≃㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ㎯ㄫ㶰ᗧ㼿ᱻᙪㅛ㼫ほ㼿
ㅛ⇓㽃ᛣㇼㄫ㮜㽛ル⚫㎯㶰ᗧ〧ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ㎯㶰ᗧ◣
ㄿ ᙛᗼ⯿㋧ 㾌⪨ㄧ ⪨䀟 ᚫ ḇ ᙪㅛ⎣ ◟ $+54ㄿ
1+45ㄧ ⾷⬃ ㄿ⊳ ㎯ㄫ ⳃᚫㄣ≃ 㶰ᗧ㼿⬃ ᷀ⳃ⾷
FURVVVHFWLRQDOㅟ⠫〧㎯㾌⪨ㄿ⒐㹃᳓⬘⯿㋧ㄫ㠈ㇼ㼿᠗ル㽛
+HDOWK\3HRSOH⾷⬃ㄿ⒐㹃⯿㋧ῷᱻㅣㇼ⯿㋧ㅛ⪨ㄣ≃⪨ルㄿ
㈃ㆌ 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
⬘ᛣ⍣⛛ㅟ㎧⿔ῷᱻ㎸ịㄿ㶰ះㄫ⠫⯿㋧EHQFKPDUNㄣ≃⪓
ゐ㼿ᛇ ㅯ ῷ㽃 ㎯ㄿ 㠈ㇼ♻㋣ ㋸ 㼿᩿ㅟ ㄿ⊳ 䂏ᛣ⬘ 㠈ㇼ ㎯⚸⾷
+HDOWK\3HRSOH ㄿ㋣ほ ᳧⪨ ㎯䀿ㄫ㷓㽏㽏ㄣ≃ⵏ ᚗᛣ ㎧㹃ᗧ
㋸⛜᷿᠗ᶫ㼿㎧⎳ᛣㇼ⾷⬃ㄿㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯㾌⪨ᛣᚗᛣ㾌⪨ㄿᚫ⬘ㄫ
᭹⿓㋣ᱻ䂏ᛣ⍣᠗᳧㼿ᙳ㽃
㈃㘏◣ᙛᗼ㎄㎫㉬㽐ᚫ䁴+HDOWK3ODQㄧᛜ㋸⛛ᙛㄫ㋣ほ
ᛧⳓ᳧⪨ㄣ≃㼿ᙛᗼ⛛㾿ㇼ⬘㶰ᗧ᠗⚫᠗ᛧ㶰ᗧ◶㎧ㇼ㈃
ᶫ ㄿ⊳᠗ᛧ ㅟ㎄㶰ᗧシㄿ ᠗ᛧ ㅟ㎄ Ộㄧ ᘃ⚫ ᛜ៰ㅷ⍣ ᳧⪨ㄣ≃ 㽃
㽃ㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯⛛ᛇ⬃⍣㮜㽃ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ㎯㠈ㇼㄧᘃ⚫ᛜ
៰ㅷルㄿ㎯㶰ᗧ〧◣ㄿᙛᗼ⯿㋧㾌⪨ㄿ⏋ᘃ㚛⿔㽇ㄫ㽇ᙪㄣ≃
᠗᳧㽃
ɇ⎣ Ɉ ᗧ ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ ㎯ 㠈ㇼㄿ ᠗᳧ 䂏ᛣ
㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ 㶰ᗧ〧 ㇼ㘬ᛣ㈃į 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
㈃ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ㎯㠈ㇼ㲧ᛣ㎧㹃ᝓ⬘
ᗧ⚫ ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ ㎯ 㠈ㇼ ♻㋣ ⠫
ᗧ⚫≃ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ⬘ᛣ㠈ㇼ⿔ㄣ≃㎯TXDOLW\ほ⭳ᗧ㷓 㽏᷿⾛ㅯㄣ䀟㋣ㄿᚤᱻㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ⬘ᛣほ⭳〧㎯ㄿ㠈ㇼ
ほ⭳ᗧᙗㄿᘀㄧᙪㄣ≃㶰ᗧ᷿ᛇㅯ1+3&㽃ㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯
⛛ᛇ⬃⍣ᝓ⬘㼿ᱻㄿ⊳㎯㠈ㇼほ⭳⍣ᝓ⬘㼿᠗ル㼿⿓㋣ほᗧ⚫ㄿ
⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ㎯㠈ㇼ♻㋣⍣⠫㽯⎣
ᘃᗧ〧2(&'+&4,ㄿ㎯㠈ㇼ♻㋣⍣⠫㽛⛛ᗧㆌㄧ♻
㋣⍣⛛ㅛᱻ◟ㄿ㎯ほ⭳⍣᠗㋧ㄣ≃䂏ᛣ⬘HIIHFWLYHQHVVRIFDUH ᛣ䀿ㅷ㋸ⳓ⬘SDWLHQWFHQWHUHGQHVVㄧ⒏ḷ㷓㽏᷿⾛ㅯㄣ䀿ㅷ⼯
SDWLHQW VDIHW\ᶫ ⲋハᵛㄫ ㈃た㼿ᛇ ⒏ḷ 㷓㽏᷿⾛ ㅯ 2(&'
+&4,ᱻ㈃⠫ㄿ⒐⪨ㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯ほ⭳≃⬃㋸ほ㼿ᗧᗫ⠫
ᗧᗧ㽃♻㋣≃⬋ᚫḃᙪㄣ≃ㅛ㽛᷿⪨᳧ㄣ≃ᙛᗼᚗᛣㄿ㿼 㶰⬘⾷㋸ㇷㄫḷᛇㅯᱻᛣⲋハᵛㄫ㈃た㼿◟ᛣ䀟㋣ᱻᙛᗼ
⯿㋧ 㾌⪨⾷ ᛧ⬘ㄫ ᗽᶫ≄ ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃 ◿ㄣ≃ ⬃⠫ⲋ ㈃ᛜㄿ
㎯ㄫ 㾌⪨ⳃ㪋ᱻᵗ ᛧⳓㄫ ḷᛇ ㅯ ῷ㽃 ᛣ ⲋハᵛ た⾷ ◟ᶫ
ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃◿⾷⬃ㄿ⊳㎯⾷⬃❯㶰Ộㅛ☃⫄㼿ᱻ㎧㽏ᢿ㠈ㇼ㼿 ᛇㅯ
◟$+54⛛ᛇ⬃ᗧ㽃ㄿ⊳㎯⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿㅸ⬘⒐ᛣ䁃ゐ㠈
⾷⬃ㄇ⪓⬘ㅛ᭹ㄧᙪㄧ⽅⬃ᙧ㮇ḃ◻ㅯ㎯㠈ㇼ♻㋣ㄿ⠫⾷⬃
ᶫᗧㆌ㷔ㄧ♻㋣⍣ᗧ㎧ᛇㅯ⾛⚋㠿⎯㪠᳧⪨ㄣ≃㼿ᙳ㶰ᗧ᷿
⾯
ɇ⎣Ɉᗧ⚫ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ㎯㠈ㇼ♻㋣⠫
㈃ㆌ 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ 㶰ᗧ〧 ㇼ㘬ᛣ㈃į 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
◣ㄿ ⫄⽇㋣᠗⚫ ㄿ⊳ 㼫ほQHHGVㄿ ⚧䀻 ◿
ᛇ∠䀻ᗧ៰䅯㎫㽰᷿ᱻㅟᝓᝓ㉗ㄿ⚧䀻〧⎳⬘㎯䀿ㄿ㎄ᗧᱻ
◣ㄿ⫄⽇㋣᠗⚫≃ㄿ⊳㼫ほFDUHQHHGVㄿ⚧䀻⍣⯿ゐ㽇⯿ㅯᱻ
ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿᝓ㝼ㄫ㼫ほ≃㽃ⳇ⬄た
㎯⚸☐៰⬘᠗㠿⊳⎳⬘㎯䀿ᛧ⎓⫄⽇⎷᠗㎧シㄫ⒐ㄣ≃㼿 ᱻ⬃⠫ⲋ㈃ᛜ㚛ᚫᗧᗨᗨ㞐❫㽃⿔↰ㄫᗽ㝻⾛⽣㼿䀿ㅷ⍣㋸ⳓㄣ
≃ ㄣ≃ ᚫḇ ⯿ ㅯ⾛⽣ 㽃 㲠䅯 㿫㆓ㄿ ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㅛ
៰⬘᠗⚸⪨㋸ⳓㄣ≃㉗㎨䀻᷿⾛ㅯ᠗ἳ┟⾷៰⬘᠗㠿⊳ㅛ䂫⎳⬘䀻
ㅛᚫㄿㄿ⊳⯿ほ㎄ᗧ⾷᳧⠫㼿᠗ル㽃⼫៰⬘⬃⠫ⲋ㈃ᛜ㚛ᚫㄿ
ᝓ㝼ㅛ㼫ほ㼿ⳇ⬄たⅣ⬃ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ㎯㠈ㇼ⾷
⬃ᶫㅛ⇓㽃⽸㽃⬃⠫ⲋㄇ㿼⚫≃㎯ㄫ㶰ᗧ㽏ㄣ≃⬃⿔↰䀼᳧〧㎯
㾌⪨ㄫㄇᶫ㽛⽣㽇ᙪㅛ
◟$+54ㄿ1+45ㄧㄿ⊳⭳⠫ㅷᛧㇷ⾷⬃ㄿ⊳㼫ほㄿ⚧䀻⾷
Ⅳㄿ⊳ㄿㄇ㿼ㄫĎᙛᗼㄇ㎧⍣ル㽃⬃⠫ⲋďĎ㎯⚸㠿⊳⍣ル㽃⬃⠫ⲋď
Ď⎳⬘㎯䀿ᛧ⎓⍣ル㽃⬃⠫ⲋďĎ⫄⽇⎷᠗㎧シㄫル㽃⬃⠫ⲋď≃ᝓ❫㽃
,20Dㄿㇸ៣ㄫ◻㪼ㄣ≃ㄿ⊳⬃⠫ⲋㄿ㎯ㄫ㠈ㇼ㼿ᛇㅯ
ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ ㎯TXDOLW\ ⬘ᛣ 㠈ㇼㄿ ᘃᬷ 㲧
⽸㎯ㄿㄿ⊳⍣⫄⪗㼿ᱻᵗ᳧㽃ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ㎯ㄫ㠈ㇼ㼿ᱻᘃ
ᬷ㲧ㄧ>⎣@ᛣᘀㄿ⊳㎯ㄿほ⭳ㄿ⊳䂏ᛣ⬘䀿ㅷ⼯
ⳃ⬘䀿ㅷᗧ㉘㋸ⳓ⬘ㇸ៣ᶫ䂏ㄏ⬘〧⬃⠫ⲋㄇ㿼☐ㄿ⊳៰
⬘㠿⊳⎳⬘㎯䀿ᛧ⎓⫄⽇⎷᠗㎧シㄫ㘏ⳃ㪋ᛇㅛḷほ⭳〧⒏ḷ
ᛧᚫḃ♻㋣≃⬃ㄿ⊳ᚫ㉗ㇼ⛛ᙛⳃⲋ㭃ㅟ㻫Ⅳ⿔↰ㅛ㷓㽏ḃㄿ
㈃ㆌ 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
⊳ㄿᚫ㉗ㇼᛣㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㅟ㻫Ⅳㄿ⿔↰ㄧ⾛ᱷ㽃⿔⾷㽛᳠
᷿ᱻᙪㅛ⼫ᲯⅣ㚛ㄿ㎯㾌⪨ㄫ᭹ㅛᱻ᠗◿⿔㽇ㄫ㼿ᙳḃ
ῷ㽃ᗨ⿔⚫≃㎯⾷⬃ᚐ㘏ᗧㅯᱻ㎧⾷᳧㽃㿼㶰⬘❫⬄ㄫⳃ㽰㼿 ᱻ㲧ㄫᗧᛇㅷ㽃⼫ゟ⇓㾌䂫⾷ᱻ⚋㠿⎯㪠ᗧㅟ◟1+45 ᛣᘀㅛ㿼㶰⬘❫⬄ᛣ㽏ᢿ㎯⚸ㄣ≃ㅟ㽃㎨oᗫㇸ⠫ゐ⠫ゐ䂏ᛣ⾷᳧
㽃ᗧ㠿㶰ᗧ⍣ㇷ㘏ㄣ≃㝻ᗧ㽇㼫ほᗧㅯ
⎓᩿Ⅳㄿ ᚤ ◣ ㅣ ᙛᗼ⛛㾿㈃ᶫᗧ ゛᷿ᛇ ㅯ᠗ ἳ┟⾷
ㄿ⊳㎯ㄿほ⭳㋸ㇸ៣ᶫỘㄧ㋸ほ⬘ㅛ᭹㎧⼱㎧⎳㘏ㄣ≃㿼㶰⬘
⯿㋧ㄿ㝻ㅛ⍣❫⬄㽃ᱻ㠈⾷⬃㷓㽏ⳃ㪏䂫㝻䂫㈃た⿓❧⍣㳷
㽇㼫ほᗧㅯ㎯⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿᘃᬷ㲧ᛣ⬟❧㎧㹃ᱻ⒐㹃᳓⬘ᛣ⪯≃
゛ㇼ㘬ㄿ⚧䀻⾷Ⅳ⯿ㇼḇ㼫ほᗧㅯㄣ▧≃ㇼ᠗ㄣ≃㠈ㇼㄿ㲧ᛣ
㎧㹃ㄿ㝻ᗧ〧⪔㈃ᗧᚗㇼ᷿⾛⽣㽇ᙪㅛ
ɇ⎣ Ɉ 1+45 ᠗◿ 㽃 ㄿ⊳㈃ᛜⳃⲋ㭃ㄿ ㎯ 㠈ㇼ 㲧
ㅷ⊳,20$QXSGDWHGFRQFHSWXDOIUDPHZRUNIRUFDWHJRUL]LQJKHDOWKFDUHTXDOLW\
DQGGLVSDULWLHVPHDVXUHPHQWSS⯿ㇼ
㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ 㶰ᗧ〧 ㇼ㘬ᛣ㈃į 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
ㄿ⊳ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿ ㎧㹃 ᝓ⬘
◟$+54ㄿ⛛ᛇ⬃⍣⚋㠿⎯㪠㼿⿓㽃ㄿ⊳㎯㠈ㇼㄿᘃᬷ㲧 ㄫ⬋ㇼ㼿ㄣ▧≃⬇ㄣ≃$+54ㄿ㎯⛛ᛇ⬃ᝓ⬘㎧㹃⾷᳧㽛
⾷⬃⪗㞃ᗧ⬘ㄫᙧ㮇㼿⿓ㅛ⍣◻㪼ㄣ≃ᚫㄣ≃㎧㹃ᝓ⬘ㄫ
ᘃ㶟㽇ᙪㄫ㈃⼯㽃
᷀⼯ ⎓᩿Ⅳㄿ ㎯ 㾌⪨ 䁃᷀⾷⬃ ⪓ゐḃ ㎧㹃ịㅛ ᳧❧❫ ◟
$+54〧14)ㄿ㎯㎧㹃Ộㄫ⚋㠿⎯㪠㽛〻᠗ἳ┟⾷ㅛị㎧㹃⍣◻
㪼ㄣ≃㼿ᱻ$+54㎯⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿ㎧㹃ịㄧ㎯㠈ㇼㄿ㷓᛫⬘⾷⬃❧㉘㽏 ㅛ⾭ㄫᙪㅛⅣ⬃⬇⪗㞃ᗧ㽃㎧㹃⍣᠗◿ㄣ≃㿫䁐ㄫ㳳⼬
㼿ᛇ㾌䂫ᛧ∏㽀䁳᩿┟ᗧ㚛ㄿᙧ㮇⍣㮜㽛⎓᩿Ⅳ⪨䁐⾷⏅ᙳ
ᘃ⚫㎧㹃⯿㋧⾷⬃㷓㽏⿓❧⍣ᚗㇼ㼿ᛇᛧ∏㎧㹃⍣㝻ᗧ㼿ᱻᚫ
ㅸ⾬ㅛ 㼫ほ㽇 ᙪㅛ ㅛᱻ ㇼ㘬⬘ᛣ 㠈ㇼᛣ ⪯≃゛ ㇼ㘬 ㄿ㈃ ⬋ㇼㄫ
ル㽃┟㈃㳳⼬ㄫ⒐ㄣ≃⏋ᬫ⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿᝓ⬘ᛣ㠈ㇼ㎧㹃ㄿ⚧䀻ᗧᙧ 㮇᷿ᱻㅸ⾬ᛣㇼ⾷⬃㽏ᢿㅛ⋏⾛㎯⯿ㅯ
Ⅳ⬃〓㽛㎯⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿ⬋ᚫᝓ⾷⬃ᱻᘃ⚫㎧㹃ㄿ㪧᳠⬘⾷᳧㽃
ᙧ㮇ᱻ㼿㎧⼱⼿ㄣ⬇$+54⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿᝓ⬘㎧㹃⍣᠗⛟ㄣ≃
⪗㞃ᗧ⬘ㄫᙧ㮇㼿⿓㾌䂫㎧㹃ᝓ⬘ㄫᘃ㶟㼿᠗ル㽃ᙧ㮇ㄿ᠗◿ㄫ
⎯∏㼿ᛇㅷ㼿㎧㹃ᝓ⬘ㄧ◟$+54㎯⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿ㎧㹃ᝓ⬘ㄫ
㘟ᛇ㽇⯿ㅯ㹃㹃!ㄿ㠈ㇼ♻㋣⾷⬃☐㠿⊳ᛧ⎓⬃⠫
ⲋᱻ 'RQDEHGLDQㄿ ⳃⲋ㭃 ㎯ 㠈ㇼ ほ⭳ ㋸ ᛣㇼSURFHVV⾷ 㽛᷿᳠
ᚗᛣRXWFRPH㎧㹃ᶫ㽏ᢿ㠈ㇼ㽏ㄣ≃ⵏㄿ⊳㎯㾌⪨ᛣᙛᗼᚗᛣ
〧ㄿᚫ⬘ㄫ䀼ㅟ㼿ᶫ≄ᝓ㉗䀻ⳃ㤗
㈃ㆌ 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ 㶰ᗧ〧 ㇼ㘬ᛣ㈃į 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
㈃ㆌ 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ 㶰ᗧ〧 ㇼ㘬ᛣ㈃į 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
㈃㽃ㄿ⊳㎯⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿㅸ⬘ᛣㇼ
⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿㅸ⬘ㄧᗧㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯ㄫ㠈ㇼ㼿ᱻ㲧ㄫ⬋ᚫ㼿ᛇㅛ⍣ᝓ⬘
㼿ᱻ㎧㹃⍣⬇ㇼ㼿ᱻᙪ⾷⬃ⳃㅸ㽃,20D⛛ᛇ⬃⬋ᚫ⾷⬃
⪗㞃ᗧ⬘ㅛᙧ㮇ḃ㎧㹃⍣㋸ⳓㄣ≃ㄳ㽛⾷ᱻᛧ∏㽀䁳᩿┟ᗧ
㚛ㄿ㘟⿓⍣㮜㽛㎧㹃⬇㫄᠗㋧ᛣ㎧㡏ㄫ⎯∏㼿ᙳḃ⎣ㅛ
⇓㽃ᛣㇼㄫ㮜㽛㽃ㄿ⊳ㄿ㎯⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿ㎧㹃⬇ㇼㄫル㽃⼳ᛇ⎓㍿ㄫ
⎯∏㼿ᙳ ḃ ㅛᱻ 㾌䂫⾷ᶫ ㎧㹃 ⬇ㇼ⾷⬃ ㎧ㅟ ⚧䀻ᗧ ㅯㄫ ⯿
ㅯㄣ▧≃ㅛ⍣᳧⠫㼿⿓⪓⾷ᘄᛧㅟ⬇ㇼ᠗㋧ㄫ⎯∏㼿᠗ル㽛⬃ㅛ
,20D㎧㹃⬇ㇼ⾷⬃ㅷ⊳ㄿ㎯ᛣ㎧㹃⪗㞃ㄿᛣ㽀⬘⾷᳧㽃
᠗⛟ㅟㇸ៣た⾷ᶫㇼ㘬ㅟᛧⳓỘ⽸㽃ほ⭳ᗧ⬇ㇼ᠗㋧ㄣ≃㷓 㽏ḇ⯿ㅯ,20
ɇ⎣ Ɉ 㽃 ㄿ⊳ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿ ㅸ⬘ ᛣㇼ
ㅷ⊳,20DSS
㈃ㆌ 㽃 ㄿ⊳ㄿ ㎯ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ⬋ᚫ
㎧㹃⬲ㅛᚗㇼ᷿㎧㹃⍣⪗㞃㼿᠗ル㽃ᵗㅛ㬗⬲㍰⛛ᛇ⬃ㅸ⬘
ㄿ ㅷ⊳シㄫ 䀼⛛㽛⽣ 㽃 ㅷ⊳シㄧ ⛛ᛇ⬃ ㅸ⬘ㄫ ル㽛 ⏋ ㋸ほ㼿
Ⅳ⬃㎧ㄣ≃ㅷ⊳シㄫ䀼᳧㼿᠗ル㽛᭟∌㽛⽣㼿ㅷ⊳シㄣ
≃ⵏㄇᛧ᠗ᛧㄿ㘟⿓⍣ᶬ∋㽛⽣㽃ㅷ⊳シㄧᵗㅛ㬗⍣㈃ᛜ☂ᱻᚤ
☃㹃ḃㇼ⛛㘏ㅷ⊳⍣ㅛゐ㼿ᱻᚤ⛛ᛇ⬃㈃㞃⾷⏅㝿㎧㹃ㇼ
⛛⍣㈃ᛜ☂ᱻᚤ㎨ㇸ㉗⪓⍣ⳃ㽰㼿ᱻỘ⽸㽃☐Ⳅㄣ≃䀼⛛ḇ
⯿ㅯ
⽅⬃⬋⑬㽃◻〧ᘀㅛ⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿᝓ⬘ㄧ⏋ᬫㇼ㘬ㅟ⚧䀻⍣◿㼿 ᠗ル㽛⯿ㇼḇ⯿ㅯㄣㅛ≃ㅟ㼿⿓㎧㹃ᗧ㝻ᗧḇ⯿ㅯ᳠ㆌ㎧㹃 ᗧ⪗㞃᷿㎧⒢㼿ᴻⅣᶫ㎧㹃⪗㞃ㄿ㼫ほ⬘ㅛ㈃᠗᷿ㅷㄏㄣ≃ㅫ
⪨㽀䁳䀿ㅷ㚛㽀Ⰷ㚛Ộㄿ◣ᗫ⿔⾷⬃ㄿㅷ⊳シᘃ☃ㄫ㛰㎫ⳃ 㪓⯿ㅯ◿᳧≃ⳃⲋ㭃◿⾷⬃⒐㹃⯿㋧ㅛ᳓⬘ḃ㎧㹃ᱻ⛛ᛇ⬃⾷
⬃㈃たḇᙪㅛ
ῷ㽃⒏ệ᳧⪨⾷᳧㽛⬟❫ḃ㿼㶰⬘❫⬄ᛣ᠗Ⰷㅛ⾛∋▧≃ㇼ㘬
ᛧⳓ㎸ㄫ⬇ㇼ㼿⿓ㅛị㎸ㄫ㋸ⳓㄣ≃᠗㪧㎸ᛣ㎯⯿㋧ㄫ
⠫㼿ᛇ㝻⬟⍣❫⬄㼿ᱻ᭟∌ㅛ㼫ほ㼿⛛ᛇ⬃ㄿ㎨ᛧㅛ㽛ᶫ⍣
᭹ㅛ᠗ ル㽛 ⳃᗨㄣ≃ ᚗᛣ ㈃ⳃ ☐Ⳅㄫ ☃ⳃ㤃⽣ 㽃,20