5 If you had not given me good advice, I couldn’t have finished my work easily.
CHECK UP+ (1) A
1 am not rich, can’t afford to 2 have to work, can’t go 3 are not clear, can’t read 4 was not, so, made
5 had not had, could have come 6 had had his car, could have picked 7 had enjoyed watching, would have seen 8 had kept, could have trusted
9 had, could make 10 were, would accept
B
1 As I didn’t talk about it, you misunder-stood it.
2 As you didn’t visit the festival, you couldn’t taste the food.
3 I am a teenager, so I cannot see the movie.
4 I didn’t have a driver’s license, so I didn’t drive the car.
5 As he smoked, he had cancer.
C
1 had been good at, would have attended 2 didn’t have, could go to bed
3 were good at, would see the movie 4 had not been tired, would have finished 5 had had, could have bought
POINT 10-4 I wish + 가정법 POINTCHECK1
1 weren’t 2 had not worked 3 had not lost 4 had
5 didn’t score
POINT 10-5 as if (as though) + 가정법 POINTCHECK1
1 he met her these days 2 he had been a police officer 3 she had voted
4 didn’t love 5 she had hidden 6 she had a fever
7 were his sons and daughters 8 he had been a famous player 9 he had told
10 were an expert
POINT 10-6 조건의 부사절 if POINTCHECK1
1 finish 2 will get 3 leave 4 will be 5 is 6 will enjoy 7 will pay 8 stops 9 will know 10 buys
CHECK UP+
(2)
A1 had no problem 2 had been rich 3 had attended 4 had not broken
5 were 6 had
7 were 8 had succeeded 9 hadn’t been 10 could
Chapter 10 가정법 53
11 ④ 12 ② 13 had got(gotten) up, not have been 14 ②, ④, ⑤ 15 ⑴ I wish ⑵ as if(though) 16 ⑤ 17 had 18 had, forgotten 19 ⑤ 20 ④ 21 ③ 22 ⑴ is ⑵ didn’t know 23 ③ 24 were, would, read 25 were, could get 26 ③ 27 ④ 28 were(was) a lake 29 ③ 30 ④ 31 ⑤ 32 ④ 33 ⑤
서술형 평가
1 they worked hard 2 he knows my parents 3 I had studied hard 4 we left now, we would arrive at 10 5 he had not told a lie, I would not have argued with him 6 had passed(had not failed) 7 she could(would) not have passed (would have failed) 8 had 10,000 won more, she could buy the new shoes 9 had not practiced, he couldn’t have won the prize
해설
1 현재사실의 반대는 가정법 과거 「If + 주어 + 과거동사, 주어 + would(could...) + 동사원형」을 쓴다.
2 실현가능성이 있는 단순조건문에서는 「If + 주어 + 현재시 제, 주어 + will(can..) + 동사원형」을 쓴다.
3 실현가능성이 있는 단순조건문에서는 「If + 주어 + 현재시 제, 주어 + will(can..) + 동사원형」을 쓴다.
4 과거사실의 반대 상황은 가정법 과거완료 「If + 주어 + had p.p., 주어 + would(could..) + have p.p.」를 쓴다.
5 unless = if ~ not : ~하지 않는다면
6 현재사실의 반대는 가정법 과거 「If + 주어 + 과거동사, 주어 + would(could...) + 동사원형」을 쓴다.
7 현재사실의 반대는 가정법 과거 「If + 주어 + 과거동사 (didn’t have), 주어 + would(could...) + 동사원형」을 쓴다.
8 가정법 과거는 「If + 주어 + 과거동사, 주어 + would(could...) + 동사원형 / 가정법 과거완료 If + 주어 + had p.p., 주어 + would(could..) + have p.p.」이다.
9 가정법과거는 직설법 현재시제이고 반대되는 상황이다.
10 ③ didn’t used → didn’t use ⑤ 주절에 will이 있으므로 단 순조건문임, 따라서 got worse → gets worse이다.
11 현재사실의 반대는 가정법 과거 「If + 주어 + 과거동사, 주어 B
1 is 2 eat
3 understands 4 had not driven 5 had taught 6 fixed
7 knew 8 had lived 9 were 10 had had
C
1 he were a prince on a white horse 2 the boy had not lost his puppy
3 I didn’t have a poor memory(I had a good memory)
4 I didn’t get her autograph 5 you are so lazy
6 as if he knew her phone number 7 as if she could travel abroad anytime 8 as if he had not been a president of a big
company
9 she didn’t agree with it
10 Mr. Kim doesn’t care for her deeply
D
1 I wish he had arrived earlier.
2 She pretends as if she were a fool.
3 I wish she trusted me.
4 He acts as if he had never seen her before.
5 I wish my holiday was longer.
6 I wish he had not wasted money.
7 He talks as if he didn’t smoke.
8 I wish I could play the violin.
9 I wish I were rich.
10 He talks as if he were a police officer.
중간 기말고사 예상문제
1 ③ 2 ① 3 ① 4 ④ 5 If, is not 6 used, could contact 7 ④ 8 ⑤ 9 ③ 10 ③, ⑤
+ would(could...) + 동사원형」이다.
12 과거사실의 반대 상황은 가정법 과거완료 「If + 주어 + had p.p., 주어 + would(could..) + have p.p.」를 쓴다.
13 과거사실의 반대 상황은 가정법 과거완료 「If + 주어 + had p.p., 주어 + would(could..) + have p.p.」를 쓴다.
14 가정법 과거 「If + 주어 + 과거동사, 주어 + would(could...) + 동사원형」 / 「가정법 과거완료 If + 주어 + had p.p., 주어 + would(could..) + have p.p.」
15 I’m sorry는 I wish로, In fact 구문은 as if 가정법으로 쓴다.
16 「I wish + 가정법」이므로 시제를 과거나 과거완료로 쓴다.
17 「I wish + 가정법」이므로 시제를 과거나 과거완료로 쓴다.
현재사실에 대한 가정이므로 have의 과거 had가 알맞다.
18 「I wish + 가정법 과거완료」는 과거 사실에 대한 가정이다.
19 I wish 가정법에서 시제가 had p.p.이므로 직설법 과거 반 대상황이 된다.
20 「I wish + 과거시제」는 직설법 현재 반대상황, 「I wish + had p.p.」는 직설법 과거의 반대상황이다.
21 직설법 과거는 「as if + had p.p.」의 반대상황이다.
22 ⑴ as if 과거는 직설법 현재 반대상황, ⑵ 「as if + had p.p.」
는 직설법 과거 반대상황이다.
23 as if 가정법 과거완료(had p.p.): 과거사실의 반대
24 현재사실의 반대는 가정법 과거 「If + 주어 + 과거동사, 주어 + would(could...) + 동사원형」으로 쓴다.
25 현재사실의 반대는 가정법 과거 「If + 주어 + 과거동사, 주어 + would(could...) + 동사원형」으로 쓴다.
26 현재사실의 반대 = 가정법 과거 「If + 주어 + 과거동사, 주어 + would(could...) + 동사원형」 / 과거사실의 반대 = 「가정 법 과거완료 If + 주어 + had p.p., 주어 + would(could..) + have p.p.」
27 현재사실의 반대 = 가정법 과거 「If + 주어 + 과거동사, 주어 + would(could...) + 동사원형」 / 과거사실의 반대 = 가정법
과거완료 「If + 주어 + had p.p., 주어 + would(could..) + have p.p.」
28 현재사실의 소망 = I wish 가정법 과거
29 as if 가정법 과거는 현재사실의 반대를 나타낸다.
30 ④은 단순조건문이므로 키가 클 수 있는 실현가능성이 있지 만, 나머지는 현재 키가 크지 않다는 내용이다.
31 「as if + 과거시제」: 현재사실의 반대, 「as if + had p.p.」: 과 거사실의 반대
32 가정법 과거완료는 「If + 주어 + had p.p., 주어 + would(could..) + have p.p.」로 쓴다.
33 가정법 과거완료는 「If + 주어 + had p.p., 주어 + would(could..) + have p.p.」로 쓴다.
서술형 평가
1 「I wish + 과거시제」는 직설법 현재 반대상황이다.
2 「as if + 과거시제」: 현재사실의 반대
3 「I wish + had p.p.」는 직설법 과거의 반대상황이다.
4 현재사실의 반대는 가정법 과거 「If + 주어 + 과거동사, 주어 + would(could..) + 동사원형」를 쓴다.
5 과거사실의 반대 = 가정법 과거완료 「If + 주어 + had p.p., 주어 + would(could..) + have p.p.」
6 수학은 통과를 못했으므로 통과했기를 바라는 「주어 + wish + 가정법 과거완료」를 사용한다.
7 내용상 ‘Sarah는 시험을 통과하지 못했을 것이다‘인 가정법 과거완료를 쓴다.
8 때를 나타내는 부사 now가 있으므로 가정법 과거를 사용한 다.
9 때를 나타내는 부사 last가 있으므로 가정법 과거완료를 사 용한다.
Chapter 11 관계사 55
POINT 11-1 관계대명사의 역할과 종류 POINTCHECK1
1 who 2 which 3 which 4 whose 5 whose 6 whose 7 which 8 who 9 who 10 that 11 what 12 what 13 that
POINTCHECK2
1 that you are interested in 2 which you painted 3 who always helps him
4 who sings with her lovely voice 5 whom you met yesterday 6 whose father is an American 7 which was a prison
8 which you gave me yesterday 9 that he will climb
10 whose history is as long as Egypt’s
POINT 11-2 주격관계대명사 POINTCOKCOK
1 was 2 are 3 is
POINTCHECK1
1 a novel which(that) gives us 2 the girl who(that) gave
3 the people who(that) are homeless 4 a little boy who(that) needs
5 The ice cream which(that) was made, is very smooth
POINTCHECK2
1 the person who(that) tried to meet you 2 a dog that(which) has sharp teeth 3 that are running over there 4 a cat which(that) has blue eyes
5 a student who(that) can answer the ques-tion
POINT 11-3 「주격관계대명사 + be동사」의 생략 POINTCHECK1
1 Look at the boy who is dancing / Look at the boy dancing
2 This is the picture which was painted / This is the picture painted
3 The student who is talking with an old man / The student talking with an old man 4 The dolls which are in the basket / The
dolls in the basket
POINT 11-4 목적격관계대명사 POINTCOKCOK
1 on, on whom 2 in which
POINTCHECK1
1 The house which we are going to buy 2 some words that I see for the first time 3 that I lost the other day
4 I have a friend on whom 5 is the subject that I like most
POINTCHECK2
1 the accident which(that) you saw 2 a man who(m)(that) she loved very much 3 The girl who(m)(that) I saw at the bus stop
B
1 whose → which / that
2 live → live in 또는 country → country where(in which)
3 to → to whom 4 that → which 5 who → whose
6 it → 삭제 또는 that it was → 삭제 7 it → 삭제 8 it → 삭제 9 who → whose 10 in → in which
C
1 who is 2 which is
3 that 4 who
5 which is
D
1 a store which(that) opens late at night 2 a building whose wall is covered with gold 3 the island whose coast is beautiful 4 who(that) lives next door to me is a famous
actress
5 many people and cars that show a busy city
E
1 I have news you will be shocked at.
2 We love the girl group dancing on the stage.
3 The novels written by Mark Twain are interesting.
POINT 11-7 선행사를 포함하는 관계대명사 what POINTCOKCOK
1 Who 2 who 3 Which
4 which 5 What 6 what
7 who 8 which 9 What
4 the letter which(that) my father wrote 5 The gift which(that) I gave to him
POINT 11-5 목적격관계대명사의 생략 POINTCOKCOK
1 in, 가능 2 in which, 불가능
POINTCHECK1
1 The picture you painted for me last night is wonderful.
2 This is the best movie I have never seen as great before.
3 The tea I bought from England smells so good.
4 Is he the same person we saw on TV?
5 He is the man she gave the key to.
POINT 11-6 소유격관계대명사 POINTCHECK1
1 whose 2 whose 3 who 4 that 5 whose
POINTCHECK2
1 whose roof has small windows 2 whose mother is a doctor 3 whose name is Daniel
4 whose top is covered with snow
CHECK UP+ (1) A
1 who 2 likes
3 with which 4 which 5 whose 6 whose wall
7 that 8 which
9 who 10 that
Chapter 11 관계사 57
4 This is the way it happened. / This is how it happened.
5 He won’t tell us the reason he accepted the offer. / He won’t tell us why he accepted the offer.
6 I know the city he was born. / I know where he was born.
7 This is the place I picked up the gold ring.
/ This is where I picked up the gold ring.
8 Do you know the time the TV drama starts? / Do you know when the TV drama starts?
9 I can’t understand the reason she is crying.
/ I can’t understand why she is crying.
10 I don’t remember the day he left Korea. / I don’t remember when he left Korea.
POINT 11-10 관계사의 계속적 용법 POINTCOKCOK
1 X 2 who
3 that 4 that 5 that 6 that
POINTCHECK1
1 a new friend, who was born 2 Big Ben, which is in London
3 a traditional market, where we can save money
4 two daughters, who are studying 5 1950, when the Korean War broke out
CHECK UP+
(2)
A1 that(which) 2 where(in which) 3 which(that) 4 when
5 X 6 why
POINTCHECK1
1 what is important to you 2 what you are hiding in your bag 3 what you want to have for Christmas 4 What you have done heartily will make 5 What they needed was
6 is not what we wanted to be heard
POINTCHECK2
1 I don’t believe what you said to me.
2 I don’t understand what he means.
3 She gave me what I asked for my birthday.
4 You haven’t done what you have to do today.
5 The book is not what we want to read.
POINT 11-8 관계부사 when, where, why, how POINTCHECK1
1 for which 2 in which 3 on which 4 in which 5 in which
POINTCHECK2
1 This is the house where Thomas lived 2 The day when my old friends visit me 3 the reason why he left suddenly
4 how they found it(the way they found it) 5 the time when the patients take
POINT 11-9 관계부사의 생략 POINTCHECK1
1 I get up at the time the alarm goes off. / I get up when the alarm goes off.
2 Tell me the reason you are late. / Tell me why you are late.
3 Let’s share the way you have lost your weight. / Let’s share how you have lost your weight.
4 I don’t know (the reason) why he said that.
5 The little boy, who is 8 years old, drove out the thief.
E
1 My father, who is a banker, works 2 the TV drama, which I have heard 3 May 25th, when they met first 10 years ago 4 Dobong Mountain, where we can see 5 Dr. Paul, who is my family doctor, wants
to study
중간 기말고사 예상문제
1 ③ 2 ⑤ 3 ② 4 ② 5 ② 6 ④ 7 ⑤ 8 ③ 9 ③ 10 ③ 11 ② 12 ⑤ 13 ② 14 ④ 15 ②, ⑤ 16 where 17 who 18 when 19 what 20 ② 21 ⑤ 22 that 23 who 24 which 25 ④ 26 ④ 27 ② 28 What 29 when 30 who 31 ④ 서술형 평가
1 This is the dictionary which(that) he
borrowed yesterday. 2 Look at the park where children are playing. 3 ② why, ③ how 삭제,
④ who, ⑤ What, ⑥ whom 4 The problem which(that) we faced is difficult to solve. 5 I like the girl whose eyes are big and black.
6 She is the student who(that) runs fast.
7 The food which(that) the restaurant serves is delicious. 8 He was born in 1945, when the World War Ⅱ ended. 9 This house, where Thomas lived a few years ago, was destroyed.
해설
1 빈칸 뒤가 동사로 시작하므로 주격관계대명사이고 선행사 가 사람이면 who나 that, 사물이면 which나 that을 사용한 다.
7 what 8 What
9 what 10 when
B
1 , 삭제 / that → which 2 which → that
3 that → which / in을 문장 끝에 / in that → where
4 where → which(that) 5 that → what
6 That → What
7 , 삭제 / in을 문장 끝에 8 for 삭제
9 which → where
10 the way나 how 중 하나 삭제
C
1 Do you know (the time) when the soccer game will start? / Do you know the time at which the soccer game will start?
2 This is (the reason) why I like the subject.
/ This is the reason for which I like the subject.
3 This is the café where we often drink coffee. / This is the café in which we often drink coffee.
4 We like how(the way) my teacher teaches English. / We like the way in which my teacher teaches English.
D
1 What I want is for you to do your best.
2 I would like to buy all the furniture that you used.
3 I found this photo in the house where he (had) lived.
Chapter 11 관계사 59
2 빈칸 뒤가 동사로 시작하므로 주격관계대명사이고 선행사 가 사람이면 who나 that, 사물이면 which나 that을 사용한 다.
3 빈칸 뒤가 명사로 시작하므로 소유격관계대명사인 whose 를 사용하다.
4 분사나 전치사구를 동반한 「주격관계대명사 + be 동사」는 생략 가능하다.
5 who는 전치사 of의 목적어이다. 목적격관계대명사는 생략 가능하기 때문에 who를 생략할 수 있다.
6 ④은 소유격관계대명사 whose, 나머지는 주격관계대명사 who
7 ⑤은 선행사가 사람인 주격관계대명사 who, ③은 in which 의 which, 나머지는 사물을 선행사로 하는 that이나 which 가 들어간다.
8 선행사는 story이고 wrote의 목적어인 목적격 관계대명사 는 which가 알맞다.
9 for it을 대신하는 관계부사 where이 알맞다.
10 선행사가 a person, 3인칭 단수이고 현재시제이므로 work 를 works로 쓴다.
11 ① how → where로 ③ which → when 또는 생략 ④ the way와 how는 같이 쓰지 않음 ⑤ how → why 또는 생략 12 주격관계대명사는 단독으로 생략 불가하다.
13 방법을 나타내는 관계부사는 how이다.
14 ① 주격관계대명사 단독 생략 불가능 ② 「전치사 + 관계대 명사」의 경우 관계대명사 생략 불가능 ③ 소유격관계대명사 는 생략 불가능 ④ 목적격관계대명사 생략가능 ⑤ 주격관 계대명사 단독으로 생략 불가능
15 ① 계속적용법에는 관계대명사 that을 사용하지 않는다. ② 선행사가 「사람+동물」일 경우 관계대명사 that을 사용 ③ 소유격관계대명사 whose ④ 「전치사 + that」은 사용하지 않는다. ⑤ buy의 목적어인 목적격관계대명사인 that이나 which 사용
16 we can stay at a hotel의 at a hotel 대신 쓸 수 있는 것은 관계부사 where이다.
17 선행사가 사람인 관계대명사의 계속적용법은 who가 알맞 다.
18 빈칸 뒤의 절이 완벽하고 in the year이라는 부사구가 생략 되었으므로 관계부사 when이 알맞다.
19 선행사가 없고 내용상 ‘~하는 것’이어야 하므로 what이 알
맞다.
20 ②은 time을 수식하는 의문형용사, 나머지는 선행사를 포함 하는 관계대명사이다.
21 ⑤은 관계대명사 who, 나머지는 의문사 who이다.
22 ‘It is important that ~’의 that은 진주어이고 ‘I like the food that~’의 that은 관계대명사이다.
23 ‘Who is the boy~?’에서 who는 ‘누구’를 묻는 의문사,
‘the doctor who~’에서 who는 관계대명사이다.
24 ‘Which is difficult~?’에서 which는 선택을 묻는 의문사,
‘the leather jacket which~’에서 which는 관계대명사이 다.
25 선행사를 포함한 관계대명사 ‘~한 것’으로 what이 알맞다.
26 ① 관계부사 생략 가능 ② 대표 선행사(the day, the place, the reason등) 생략가능 ⑤ 관계부사는 「전치사 + 관계대 명사」이다.
27 ② 관계부사는 「전치사 + 관계대명사」이다.
28 내용상 ‘그가 필요로 했던 것’이고 앞에 선행사가 없으므로 선행사를 포함하는 관계대명사 What이 알맞다.
29 앞에 년도가 있고, 콤마 사이에 완벽한 문장이 있으므로 관 계부사의 계속적용법으로 when이 알맞다.
30 Vincent Van Gogh에 대한 설명이고 콤마 사이의 문장이 동사로 시작하므로 관계대명사의 주격으로 who가 알맞다.
31 관계사절이 완벽한 문장이고 in a zoo, on the day가 생략 되었으므로 각각 관계부사 where과 when이 알맞다.
서술형 평가
1 the dictionary을 수식하는 목적격관계대명사 which(that) 를 쓰고 목적어인 the dictionary(it)을 쓰지 않는 것에 유의 한다.
2 park에서 놀고 있으므로 in the park 대신 관계부사 where 를 쓴다.
3 ② the reason why ③ the way와 how는 같이 쓰지 않음
④ that은 관계대명사의 계속적용법인 콤마(,) 뒤에 쓰지 않 는다. ⑤ 내가 하고 싶은 것: what I want to do ⑥ 「전치사 + whom」으로 사용, 이 경우는 목적격이라도 who를 사용 하지 않음
4 설명을 받을 명사 the problem을 설명할 절에서 지우고 선 행사가 사물이므로 관계대명사 which나 that을 쓴 후 두 문 장을 연결한다.