In addition to the provision of punishment in Part VII (Penalty), Part VIII (Reparation) of the Treaty of Versailles 'restored' and prescribed the concepts. 3 This is the title of a book dealing with the Treaty of Sèvres, which formed part of the Versailles peace system (Fromkin 2001). The potential risk of the principle of national self-determination, as mentioned above, should be complemented by the concept of collective security.
Knock argued that Wilson's Fourteen Points were not a response to the Bolsheviks' principles of national self-determination but had been planned beforehand (Knock. Article 10, which lays down the essence of a system of collective security, was the core of the pact. In Outline of the Joseon Unrest (朝鮮騷擾經過槪要), published in September 1919 as an official statement by the Japanese War Ministry (陸軍省), analysis included.
This agreement, made while the rest of the world was still paying attention to the First World War, had a mixed political outcome. This increase in discourse about the Asian Monroe Doctrine, which accompanied the many real steps of Japanese expansionism, was ominous for Korea's application of the principle of national self-determination. Nevertheless, Korea's struggle for independence has not completely deviated from the universal nomos of the Versailles Peace Treaty.
Another case of this trajectory was Kim Ku, who became head of the Provisional Government.
JAPAN’S IDEALS AND FRUSTRATIoN oN RACIAL EQUALITY
Initially, the members of the group did not reach a unanimous opinion at the Paris Peace Conference. Ito, who was deeply involved in diplomatic politics, was skeptical about the creation of the League of Nations and Japan's membership in it. However, Japan's diplomatic efforts to insert the provision of racial equality into the Covenant of the League of Nations encountered some difficulties.
They were concerned about the possible impact of this provision on the population of the British colonies. 40 The compulsory system prescribed in Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations was implemented under the guise of 'civilization'. Japan realized that the establishment of the League of Nations was an important matter and planned to include a clause on racial equality in the Treaty, within the following context.
First, Japan's desire to secure the principle of racial equality reflected the internal demands of Japanese society. Second, the principle of racial equality had the potential to elevate the status of the Versailles peace system and be incorporated into the universal nomos alongside the principle of national self-determination. Third, on February 13, 1919, Japan attempted to link the principle of racial equality with the principle of freedom of religion in Article 21 of the first draft of the Treaty.
47 The following statement in Wilson's book A History of the American People was quoted in the silent film, 'The Birth of a Nation', which was highly successful in 1915. With the principle of racial equality, however, from the final Covenant of the League of Nations, Japan distrust of the West only increased further. 48 Yoshino demanded the solidarity of the Japanese and Koreans as different peoples through mutual approval.
50 Konoe's claim is similar to the analysis of Paul Kennedy, who sought the cause of the First World War. Japan and Turkey are the walls of Asia, standing on the east and west of the continent” (Sun 1924). Japan's expansive Pan-Asianism led to the doctrine of the "Harmony of the Five Races (Gozoku Kyowa, 五族協和)", which included the Manchurians and Mongols.
According to the Director of Army Military Affairs, Sato Kenryo (佐藤賢了, this was the restoration of the clause on racial equality to be inserted in the Paris Peace Conference (Sato. Shigemitsu Mamoru, who attended the Paris Peace Conference as a member of the Japanese envoy, installed the 'War Objective Research Association' in the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1943.
CoNCLUSIoN
A movement for many Korean leaders; this concept was later incorporated into the Charter of the Korean Provisional Government. The fulfillment of the ideals was finally embodied in the international recognition of the Republic of Korea, which was stipulated in the resolution of the 3rd United Nations General Assembly in Paris on December 12, 1948. Second, Japan did not insert a clause on racial equality into the League of Nations covenant, although it participated in the drafting of the Versailles Peace System as one of the five winners.
The issue of racial equality had indeed been raised as an important issue in the talks, but equality between members of the League of Nations was the only equality envisaged in the Covenant as part of the Versailles Peace System. After the racial equality clause was rejected following Wilson's one-sided voting method, criticism was raised in Japan against the universality of the nomos supported by the Versailles Peace System. Meanwhile, interest in Japan-centered pan-Asianism grew in Japan, fueling the ideology of Japan's struggle for Greater East Asia (Daitoa, 大東亞) in the 1930s and 1940s.
인종과 국가 사이: 동아시아 연대 담론에서의 인종, 국가, 지역적 정체성.” 한국국제학저널 40(4) ("'인종'과 '민족' 사이: 동아시아 연대론에서 지역정체성과 '인종'", 『국제정치학회지』 제40권 제4호). “제1차 세계대전 이후 국제관계의 재편과 한국 국민지도자의 이해.” 한국정치외교사연구 26(1) ("제1차 세계대전 이후 국제질서의 재편성과 국가 지도자들의 대외인식", 『한국정치외교사연구』 제26권 제1호). 파리평화회의와 약소세력으로부터의 민족독립의 문제." 한국근현대사학회지 50 ("파리평화회의와 약자의 독립문제", 『한국근현대사』 제1권 .50).
The concept of Asian people's solidarity towards China and Lyuh Woon-Hyung. In The Complete Works of Lyuh Woon Hyung. A Conceptual History of Political Identity in Contemporary Korea: Gukmin, Injong, Minjok.” Review of Korean and Asian Political Thought 5 (1) (“근대한국용국민 · 인종 · 다이개념”, 『동양정치사상사』제권 15). The historical pattern of US involvement in East Asia and studies of Korean-American relations in the early 20th century.
“민족자결의 원칙과 서구열강.” 역사일지 39(“서구 열강의 아시아 분할과 민족자결의 원칙”, 『사림』 제39호). 서울: 연세대학교 출판부( 『이승만과 대한민국임시정부』). 윌슨 평화의 역설.” 대구역사연구 98(“윌슨 평화주의의 모순: 제1차 세계대전 참전 결정과 베르사유 강화회의를 중심으로”, 『대구사』 제98권).
우드로 윌슨의 자결과 세계평화." 미국사학회지 33 ("윌슨의 민족자결주의와 세계평화", 『미국사연구』 제33권). 서울: 서울대학교 출판부( 『상해시대 대한민국임시정부연구』). 모든 평화를 끝내는 평화: 오스만 제국의 몰락과 현대 중동의 창조.
文明の衝突としての韓国。「北東アジアと二つの朝鮮において：準安定性、安全保障、共同体。東京：東京大学出版会（太平洋戦争とアジア外交）。第一次三月独立運動の研究における問題点」。思想556（「三・一独立運動研究の問題点：国家主義者の評価をめぐって」、思想556）。
