Emissions of pollutants per unit of power generation fuel

36

Source: Adapted by the author in reference to the 2000–2014 Air Pollutant Statistics provided by the National Air Pollutants Emission Service of the National Institute of Environmental Research (http://airemiss.nier.go.kr/, accessed on Sep 18, 2017)

원문 번역문

석유 무연탄 유연탄

Petroleum Anthracite Bituminous coal

37

Source: Prepared by the author in reference to the Electricity Statistics Reports (Aug 2018 & Sep 2017) and the 2000–2014 Air Pollutant Statistics provided by the National Air Pollutants Emission Service of the National Institute of Environmental Research (http://airemiss.nier.go.kr/, accessed on Sep 18, 2017).

원문 번역문

석유 무연탄 유연탄

Petroleum Anthracite Bituminous coal

Figure 3-8. PM10 Emissions per Unit of Fuel

(Unit: kg/t)

Source: Prepared by the author in reference to the 2000–2014 Air Pollutant Statistics provided by the National Air Pollutant Emission Service of the National Institute of Environmental Research (http://airemiss.nier.go.kr/, accessed on Sep 18, 2017) and the Use of Fuel for Power Generation posted on the Electricity Statistics Information System (https://epsis.kpx.or.kr/, accessed on Sep 19, 2017).

원문 번역문

유연탄 Bituminous coal

38

For bituminous coal and LNG, which are the largest producers of PM10, emissions per unit of consumption (ton) were slightly different from the emissions per unit of electricity generation. Up until 2006, PM10 emissions per unit of bituminous coal consumption were 0.1 kg; from 2007 onward, this number fell sharply, reaching 0.04 kg in 2014. For LNG, PM10 emissions per unit of consumption remained at around 0.04 kg from 2000 to 2014.

As of 2014, PM10 emissions for bituminous coal and LNG per unit of fuel consumption were almost the same.

From 2000 to 2006, anthracite produced 4,500 kg of NOx per unit of electricity generation (1 GWh), and bituminous coal produced 2,000 kg of NOx. However, NOx emissions per unit of electricity generation have greatly decreased, with NOx emissions for both anthracite and bituminous coal falling to 500kg by 2014. LNG showed the lowest NOx emissions per unit of electricity generation, with only 1,000 kg of NOx emissions in the early 2000s and 200 kg in 2014.

For LNG and bituminous coal, which are the largest contributors to NOx emissions, the emissions per unit of fuel consumption (ton) were slightly different from the emissions per unit of electricity generation. Up until 2006, the amount of NOx emissions per unit of consumption for bituminous coal was 6 kg/ton; however, after 2007, this number decreased dramatically to only 1.5 kg/ton. For LNG, NOx emissions per unit of consumption were 6 kg/ton up until 2006, but after 2007, fell sharply to 2 kg/ton. In terms of PM10 emissions per unit of fuel consumption, bituminous coal was lower than LNG.

Figure 3-9. NOx Emissions per Unit of Electricity Generation (Unit: kg/GWh)

Source: Prepared by the author in reference to the Electricity Statistics Report (Aug 2018 & Sep 2017) and 2000–

2014 Atmospheric Pollutant Statistics by the National Air Pollutants Emission Service of the National Institute of Environmental Research (http://airemiss.nier.go.kr/, accessed on Sep 18, 2017).

39

원문 번역문

석유 무연탄 유연탄

Petroleum Anthracite Bituminous coal

Figure 3-10. NOx Emissions per Unit of Fuel Consumption (Unit: kg/t)

Source: Prepared by the author in reference to the 2000–2014 Atmospheric Pollutant Statistics provided by the National Air Pollutant Emission Service of the National Institute of Environmental Research (http://airemiss.nier.go.kr/, accessed on Sep 18, 2017) and Trends in the Use of Fuels for Power Generation posted on the Electricity Statistics Information System (https://epsis.kpx.or.kr/, accessed on Sep 19, 2017).

원문 번역문

유연탄 Bituminous coal

For bituminous coal and anthracite, SOx emissions per GWh in the early 2000s were 1,400 kg, and 1,200 kg, respectively. However, after the mid-2000s, SOx emission per unit dropped remarkably. In 2014, SOx emissions for anthracite and bituminous coal fell to 200 kg and 400 kg, respectively. LNG produced almost zero SOx emissions during this same period.

In the case of bituminous coal, the amount of SOx emissions per unit of fuel consumption (ton) was nearly the same as the amount of SOx emissions per unit of electricity generation (GWh). SOx emissions for bituminous coal per unit of consumption were over 2.5 kg until 2006, but after 2007, dropped significantly to around 1 kg.

Figure 3-11. SOx Emissions per Unit of Electricity Generation (Unit: kg/GWh)

40

Source: Prepared by the author in reference to the Electricity Statistics Report (Aug 2018 & Sept 2017) and the 2000–2014 Atmospheric Pollutant Statistics provided by the National Air Pollutants Emission Service of the National Institute of Environmental Research (http://airemiss.nier.go.kr/, accessed on Sep 18, 2017).

원문 번역문

석유 무연탄 유연탄

Petroleum Anthracite Bituminous coal

Figure 3-12. SOx Emissions per Unit of Fuel Consumption (Unit: kg/t)

Source: Prepared by the author in reference to the 2000–2014 Atmospheric Pollutants Statistics by the National Air Pollutants Emission Service of the National Institute of Environmental Research (http://airemiss.nier.go.kr/, accessed on Sep 18, 2017) and Trends of the Use of Fuels for Power Generation posted on the Electricity Statistics Information System (https://epsis.kpx.or.kr/, accessed on Sep 19, 2017).

원문 번역문

41

유연탄 Bituminous coal

Table 3-4 shows the emission coefficients by air pollutant and fuel in 2014 used to calculate the damage costs per unit of fuel. The emission coefficient is calculated by dividing air pollutant emissions by the consumption of energy for power generation.

Table 3-4. 2014 Air Pollutant Emissions by Power Generation Fuel (Emission Coefficients) (Unit: g/kg, g/ℓ for petroleum) Energy

source CO NOx SOx TSP PM10 VOC NH3 PM2.5

Petroleum 0.938 3.314 2.316 0.046 0.036 0.155 0.092 0.022 LNG 1.977 2.025 0.207 0.044 0.044 0.267 0.064 0.044 Anthracite 0.144 1.189 0.554 0.052 0.030 0.072 0.000 0.016 Bituminous

coal 0.269 1.466 0.973 0.047 0.043 0.032 0.000 0.033