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SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Table S1. Sample information.
Categories Food items Busan (n) Pohang (n) Seoul (n) Total (n)
Agricultural products
Apple 2 3 2 7
Chestnut 2 3 2 7
Onion 2 3 2 7
Peach 2 3 2 7
Potato 2 3 2 7
Radish 2 3 2 7
Rice 2 3 2 7
Sweet potato 2 3 2 7
Watermelon 2 3 2 7
Fishery products
Crucian carp 2 3 2 7
Finespotted flounder 2 3 2 7
Japanese eel 2 3 2 7
Manila clam 2 3 2 7
Octopus 2 3 2 7
Pond loach 2 3 2 7
Prawn 2 2 2 6
Salmon 2 3 2 7
Processed foods
Butter 2 3 2 7
Cheese 2 2 2 6
Coffee 2 3 2 7
Ice cream 2 3 2 7
Kimchi 2 3 2 7
Korean sausage 2 3 2 7
Mayonnaise 2 3 2 7
Milk 2 3 2 7
Ramen 2 3 2 7
Red chili paste 2 3 2 7
Sesame oil 2 3 2 7
Soybean oil 2 3 2 7
Yogurt 2 3 2 7
Total 60 88 60 208
54 Table S2. Concentrations (pg/g ww) of the 55 PCNs in food samples.
Categories Food items CN-20 CN-19 CN-21 CN-24 CN-14 CN-15 CN-16 CN-17 CN-
25/26 CN-23 CN-42
Agricultural products
Apple 3.67 ND ND 8.35 ND 0.66 ND 0.53 2.06 0.74 0.09
Chestnut ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01
Onion 0.29 ND ND 1.39 ND 0.21 ND 0.14 0.24 0.20 0.02
Peach 0.18 ND ND 0.92 ND 0.09 ND 0.08 0.02 0.47 0.11
Potato 0.22 ND ND 0.99 ND 0.05 0.02 0.12 0.13 1.08 0.14
Radish 0.08 0.00 ND 0.62 ND 0.02 ND 0.05 0.07 0.29 0.01
Rice 3.06 0.33 ND 7.16 ND 0.57 ND 0.31 1.16 0.87 0.09
Sweet potato 0.16 ND ND 1.29 ND 0.11 ND 0.26 0.13 1.03 0.07
Watermelon ND 0.09 ND ND ND 0.01 ND 0.31 0.05 0.46 0.03
Fishery products
Crucian carp 22.31 1.09 ND 32.80 ND 0.83 0.20 1.96 6.61 2.29 8.03
Finespotted flounder 6.00 0.28 0.18 17.25 ND 0.93 0.03 0.50 2.71 0.41 1.65
Japanese eel 4.14 1.77 0.06 12.20 ND 0.46 ND 0.44 1.83 0.40 0.74
Manila clam 6.82 1.05 0.68 14.85 ND 0.91 0.02 0.79 4.50 0.41 0.65
Octopus 11.89 0.77 0.20 21.02 ND 0.95 0.22 1.38 5.49 2.21 0.42
Pond loach 11.54 0.95 0.03 23.37 ND 1.30 ND 1.50 4.57 2.31 1.48
Prawn 7.25 0.13 ND 18.96 ND 1.04 0.06 0.80 3.67 0.83 0.32
Salmon 3.52 ND ND 13.62 ND 0.80 0.08 0.83 2.34 0.55 5.14
Processed foods
Butter 8.59 0.17 ND 17.23 ND 1.03 0.28 1.05 3.92 1.72 0.34
Cheese 9.43 1.20 ND 22.60 ND 1.28 0.30 1.09 4.52 1.24 0.48
Coffee 35.49 3.38 1.17 101.79 ND 3.98 1.02 4.79 18.72 5.23 0.77
Ice cream 4.99 ND ND 10.34 ND 0.59 ND 0.98 1.28 0.67 0.14
Kimchi 3.96 0.18 ND 12.74 ND 0.75 ND 0.61 2.76 0.88 0.05
Korean sausage 16.11 2.61 1.24 33.56 ND 2.08 0.69 1.96 6.63 2.28 0.61
Mayonnaise 6.25 0.64 ND 8.20 ND 0.51 ND 1.29 1.83 1.67 0.63
Milk ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.02 ND 0.01 0.02
Ramen 4.10 0.34 ND 10.56 ND 0.51 0.12 0.38 2.01 0.51 0.20
Red chili paste 0.08 ND ND 0.19 ND 0.11 ND 0.14 ND 0.87 0.11
Sesame oil 4.49 6.29 ND 7.70 ND 0.55 0.21 0.26 1.01 2.57 0.32
Soybean oil 8.89 1.64 ND 19.36 ND 0.90 0.18 0.82 3.09 1.86 0.12
Yogurt 6.92 0.43 ND 20.60 ND 1.08 0.16 1.19 2.90 2.05 0.38
55 Table S2. (Continued)
Categories Food items CN-
37/33/34 CN-47 CN- 45/36
CN-
28/43 CN-30 CN-27 CN-39 CN-32 CN-35 CN-
38/48 CN-40
Agricultural products
Apple 0.34 0.29 0.86 0.39 ND 0.62 0.23 0.14 0.62 ND 2.19
Chestnut ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Onion 0.12 0.02 0.33 0.13 ND 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.21 ND 0.66
Peach 0.14 0.04 ND 0.06 ND ND 0.02 ND ND ND ND
Potato 0.64 0.13 0.40 0.13 ND 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.12 0.08 0.44
Radish 0.31 0.02 0.26 0.18 ND 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.16 ND 0.73
Rice 0.40 0.04 0.03 0.44 ND 0.03 0.02 0.09 0.36 ND 0.81
Sweet potato 0.20 0.10 0.19 0.11 ND 0.08 0.00 ND 0.13 0.32 0.18
Watermelon 0.04 0.07 0.15 0.04 ND ND 0.02 0.02 0.05 ND 0.02
Fishery products
Crucian carp 8.02 4.55 5.65 1.85 ND 1.36 0.36 0.49 2.87 0.27 2.32
Finespotted flounder 1.49 0.96 0.89 0.46 ND 0.77 0.12 0.12 0.47 ND 1.25
Japanese eel 1.42 1.09 2.43 0.50 ND 0.69 0.08 0.14 0.48 ND 1.38
Manila clam 1.54 1.05 1.20 0.43 ND 2.00 0.26 0.10 0.38 0.05 1.06
Octopus 1.87 1.07 1.01 0.62 ND 1.02 0.06 0.11 0.50 0.12 1.31
Pond loach 3.08 2.45 3.55 0.98 ND 1.23 0.19 0.34 0.91 0.09 2.01
Prawn 2.43 1.07 1.52 1.09 ND 1.12 0.19 0.21 1.15 ND 3.58
Salmon 5.05 3.38 2.27 1.80 ND 1.49 0.46 0.36 1.92 ND 4.69
Processed foods
Butter 0.91 0.64 0.70 0.59 ND 0.68 0.10 0.10 0.52 ND 1.03
Cheese 2.28 0.97 1.14 1.04 ND 0.92 0.20 0.16 0.87 ND 2.47
Coffee 3.80 2.21 2.97 1.84 ND 3.27 0.41 0.50 1.49 0.00 4.07
Ice cream 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.01 ND 0.16 0.02 0.07 0.05 ND 0.18
Kimchi 0.45 0.12 0.39 0.40 ND 0.41 0.12 0.04 0.50 ND 1.11
Korean sausage 3.00 1.26 1.57 1.57 0.77 1.16 0.27 0.31 1.44 ND 4.17
Mayonnaise 1.75 0.76 1.33 0.57 ND 0.84 0.13 0.18 0.64 ND 1.70
Milk ND ND ND 0.00 ND ND ND 0.00 ND ND ND
Ramen 1.57 0.54 1.00 0.76 ND 0.69 0.11 0.10 0.64 ND 2.20
Red chili paste 0.38 0.10 0.32 0.08 ND 0.03 0.07 0.07 0.07 ND 0.08
Sesame oil 1.25 0.29 1.03 0.28 ND 0.07 ND 0.02 0.08 ND 0.09
Soybean oil 0.35 0.07 0.01 0.18 ND 0.25 ND 0.04 0.01 ND 0.01
Yogurt 1.28 0.59 0.53 0.58 ND 0.70 0.12 0.10 0.39 ND 0.77
56 Table S2. (Continued)
Categories Food items CN-46 CN-
52/60 CN-58 CN-61 CN-50 CN-51 CN-54 CN-57 CN-62 CN-
53/55 CN-59
Agricultural products
Apple 0.80 0.11 ND 0.41 ND 2.19 ND 0.54 0.77 0.59 1.21
Chestnut ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Onion 0.29 0.01 ND 0.32 ND 0.53 ND 0.20 0.32 0.22 0.50
Peach ND 0.01 ND ND 0.03 0.03 ND 0.02 ND 0.06 ND
Potato 0.08 0.19 ND 0.00 0.83 0.03 ND 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.01
Radish 0.34 0.11 0.03 0.28 0.08 0.83 ND 0.15 0.32 0.28 0.48
Rice 0.54 ND ND 0.34 0.00 0.44 ND 0.37 0.78 0.30 1.27
Sweet potato 0.03 0.12 ND 0.03 0.25 0.21 ND 0.01 0.06 0.04 ND
Watermelon 0.03 0.22 ND 0.00 0.42 0.32 ND 0.01 0.07 0.07 0.06
Fishery products
Crucian carp 1.27 4.64 0.22 3.25 ND 3.54 2.22 0.54 1.33 1.62 0.91
Finespotted flounder 0.52 4.35 0.14 1.01 1.31 2.79 0.50 0.34 0.40 0.54 0.38
Japanese eel 0.55 0.90 0.38 0.44 1.74 6.03 ND 0.11 0.32 0.45 0.31
Manila clam 0.34 1.43 ND ND 0.95 0.95 ND 0.15 1.04 0.30 0.29
Octopus 0.47 0.59 ND 0.10 0.22 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.48 0.14
Pond loach 0.79 2.17 ND 0.40 0.06 0.62 0.82 0.26 0.19 0.95 0.31
Prawn 1.64 0.86 ND 0.97 ND 2.25 ND 0.86 0.88 1.93 1.54
Salmon 2.09 9.93 1.82 3.78 13.60 26.00 1.16 1.97 1.83 3.34 2.98
Processed foods
Butter 0.59 0.86 ND 0.01 0.40 0.27 0.29 0.02 0.08 0.22 0.10
Cheese 1.21 0.28 ND 0.56 0.02 0.44 ND 0.66 0.71 0.78 1.10
Coffee 1.80 0.54 ND 0.10 0.27 0.16 0.12 0.02 0.08 0.70 0.10
Ice cream 0.04 0.09 ND ND 0.64 0.05 ND 0.06 0.08 0.12 0.01
Kimchi 0.86 0.06 ND 0.35 ND 0.28 ND 0.47 0.59 0.24 0.93
Korean sausage 2.01 0.40 ND 0.91 0.09 0.50 0.09 0.82 1.24 0.89 1.83
Mayonnaise 0.83 0.21 ND 0.03 ND 0.40 ND ND ND ND 0.01
Milk ND ND ND ND 0.13 0.28 ND ND ND ND ND
Ramen 1.44 0.27 ND 1.05 0.12 0.39 ND 0.25 0.42 0.63 1.08
Red chili paste 0.06 0.17 ND 0.01 0.52 0.04 0.23 0.02 0.07 0.10 0.06
Sesame oil 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Soybean oil ND ND ND ND 0.02 0.08 ND ND ND ND ND
Yogurt 0.36 0.56 ND 0.03 0.69 0.07 ND 0.14 0.22 0.30 0.13
57 Table S2. (Continued)
Categories Food items CN-49 CN-56 CN-
66/67
CN-
64/68 CN-69 CN-
71/72 CN-63 CN-65 CN-73 CN-74 CN-75
Agricultural products
Apple ND ND 0.00 0.12 0.08 0.27 ND 0.04 ND 0.04 ND
Chestnut ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND 0.49 0.02 ND
Onion ND 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.18 0.21 0.09 ND ND 0.00 ND
Peach ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.00 ND 0.03 ND ND
Potato 0.04 ND 0.12 ND ND 0.00 0.04 ND ND 0.01 ND
Radish ND ND 0.05 0.33 0.29 0.42 0.28 0.11 ND 0.03 ND
Rice ND ND ND 0.33 0.39 0.51 ND ND ND 0.35 ND
Sweet potato ND ND 0.10 0.02 0.01 ND ND ND ND 0.02 ND
Watermelon 0.03 ND 0.05 0.00 0.00 ND 0.03 ND 0.19 0.03 ND
Fishery products
Crucian carp 0.04 ND 0.52 0.23 0.16 0.08 0.04 ND ND ND ND
Finespotted flounder ND ND 0.47 0.20 0.36 0.11 0.16 ND ND 0.19 0.14
Japanese eel ND ND 0.06 0.37 0.01 ND 0.02 0.09 ND ND 0.02
Manila clam ND ND 0.03 0.13 0.08 0.16 0.05 ND ND ND ND
Octopus ND ND 0.08 ND ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND ND
Pond loach 0.02 ND 0.64 0.13 ND 0.01 0.04 ND ND ND 0.13
Prawn 0.04 ND 0.07 0.46 0.39 0.25 ND ND ND ND 0.33
Salmon ND ND 0.80 1.56 0.88 0.83 1.32 ND ND ND 0.14
Processed foods
Butter ND ND 1.14 0.00 ND ND 0.04 0.22 ND ND 0.53
Cheese ND ND 0.07 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.06 ND ND ND ND
Coffee ND ND 0.08 ND 0.01 ND 0.04 ND ND 0.01 ND
Ice cream ND ND 0.24 0.01 0.02 ND 0.10 ND ND ND ND
Kimchi ND ND 0.01 0.09 0.04 0.10 ND ND ND 0.07 0.03
Korean sausage 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.13 ND ND ND ND 0.00
Mayonnaise ND ND 0.21 0.15 0.01 ND 0.04 ND ND ND ND
Milk ND ND 0.04 ND ND ND 0.00 ND ND ND ND
Ramen ND ND 0.07 0.25 0.05 0.51 0.04 ND 0.36 0.02 0.11
Red chili paste ND ND 0.15 0.01 ND ND 0.06 ND 0.03 ND 0.02
Sesame oil ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Soybean oil ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Yogurt ND ND 0.22 0.14 0.06 0.05 0.05 ND ND ND ND