Body Shrinkage of Juvenile Chub Mackerel Scomber japonicus after Preservation in Ethyl Alcohol

Original Article

730

Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 45(6),730-733,2012

한수지 45(6), 730-733, 2012

Note

Ethyl alcohol에 고정된 고등어(Scomber japonicus) 치어의 어체수축

We investigated body shrinkage, def ined as change in standard length and body weight of juvenile chub mackerel Scomber japonicus after preservation in 70% ethyl alcohol for 1, 8, or 12 days. Standard length (SL) was decreased by 3.6% and body weight (BW) was reduced by 27.5% after 8 day of preservation. There were no significant decreases in SL and BW after 8 or 12 days preservation. Linear regression equations for estimation of original body size from the size after preservation in 70% ethyl alcohol for 12 days were expressed as: SL original = 0.96SL preserved

+ 5.17 and BW original = 1.16BW preserved + 0.37. These equations will be useful for improving accuracy the estimation accuracy for various size-related biological parameters in juvenile chub mackerel juvenile.

Key words: Body size, Ethyl alcohol, Preservation, Shrinkage, Scomber japonicus

Body Shrinkage of Juvenile Chub Mackerel Scomber japonicus after Preservation in Ethyl Alcohol

Jeong-Hoon Lee * , Jung Nyun Kim and Joo Il Kim

Southeast Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Tongyeong 650-943, Korea 이정훈*ㆍ김정년ㆍ김주일

국립수산과학원 남동해수산연구소

Article history;

Received 27 July 2012; Revised 30 October 2012; Accepted 31 October 2012

*Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 55. 640. 4762 Fax: +82. 55. 640. 4764 E-mail address: [email protected]

Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 45(6) 730-733, December 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2012.0730 pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815

ⓒ The Korean Society of Fishereis and Aquatic Science. All rights reserved

서 론

어체크기

(

^{길이와중량}

)

^{는어류의생태학적특성을연구하는} 데필수측정항목이다

.

특히자원량변동에큰영향을미치는 초기생활사단계에서이들항목의측정은초기감모의요인을 추정하는데중요한자료로써활용된다

(Houde, 2002).

^초기생 활사를연구하기위해채집하는시료

(

^자

·

^치어

)

^{는현장에서의} 측정이거의불가능하므로측정전까지연구목적에따라여 러가지고정액에보관되며

,

일반적으로

formalin

또는

ethyl alcohol

^{에고정한다}

(Joh et al., 2008; Kodama et al., 2009).

Formalin

^{은생식소등조직학적분석을위한시료의고정에}

주로사용이되지만

,

^{발암물질로서사람에게해를끼칠수있} 고장기간이용하면

formic acid

^{로변성되어이석과같은경조} 직을용해시킨다

(Leslie and Moore, 1986; Watanabe, 2010).

Ethyl alcohol

^은

formalin

^{에비해유해성은덜하고}

,

^비교적가 격이비싸다는단점은있지만

,

^{이석과같은경조직을안정하} 게보존하기때문에자

ㆍ

치어이석의미세구조를이용한성장 연구를위해서사용되고있다

(Leslie and Moore, 1986; Plaza et al., 2001; Watanabe, 2010).

하지만

ethyl alcohol

에고정

된시료는탈수를일으켜

formalin

^{보다수축률이높다고알려}

졌고

,

^{그비율은어종}

,

^{고정기간및어체크기에따라달라진다} 고보고되고있다

(Kruse, 1990; Oozeki et al., 1991; Joh et al., 2003; Watanabe, 2010).

결국

,

달라진어체크기는초기생활사 를연구하는데필요한생물학적파라미터

(growth rate, condi- tion factor

^등

)

^{를추정하는데오류를일으킬수있다}

(Ajah and Nunoo, 2003; Lee et al., 2012).

본연구에서는고등어의초기생활사를파악하기위한연구의 일환으로생태학연구를위해시료의고정액으로주로사용되 고있는

70% ethyl alcohol

^{에고정된치어의수축률을파악하} 고

,

^{수축된어체크기가생물학적파라미터추정에미치는영향} 에대해서알아보았다

.

재료 및 방법 수축률 실험

경상남도통영시연안에설치된정치망에서

2012

^년

5

^월에 채집된고등어치어중

40

^{개체를실험실로즉시운반한후표} 준체장

(SL: standard length)

을

0.01 mm

단위로

,

체중

(BW:

Body weight)

^을

0.0001 g

^{단위로측정하였다}

.

^{측정한개체는}

70% ethyl alcohol

^이담긴

50 mL

^{유리병에개체별로고정시}

Ethyl alcohol에 고정된 고등어 치어의 어체 수축

731

킨후고정기간의차이에따른수축률변화를알아보기위하여 고정

1

일

, 8

일그리고

12

일후에

SL

과

BW

를반복해서측정하 였다

.

^{다음식을이용하여수축률을계산하고}

,

^{기간별수축률} 변화의유의차검증을위하여

Tukey’s HSD test

를실시하였다

.

R = (S o - S t ) / S o× 100

여기서

R

은수축률

, S _o

는고정전

SL

^과

BW, S _t

는일정기간

( t = 1

^일

, 8

^일및

12

^일

)

^고정후

SL

^과

BW

^이다

.

고등어치어의실제

SL

^과

BW

^{를추정하기위하여}

12

^일동안

70% ethyl alcohol

^{에고정된후측정한어체크기와고정전실} 제어체크기와의관계직선회귀식으로나타내었다

.

생물학적 파라미터 검토

고정에 의한수축이체장

-

^{체중과의 관계}

(1)

^{와 비만도}

(2)

^에 미치는영향을알아보았다

. (1)

^과

(2)

^은고정전

,

^고정후

,

^그리 고실제

SL

과

BW

를추정하기위해사용된직선회귀식으로부 터역산

(back-calculate)

^된

SL

^과

BW

^{을이용하여수축이}

(1)

^과

(2)

에미치는영향에대해검토하였다

.

체장-체중과의 관계

고등어의체장

-

^{체중관계는지수함수인}

BW=aSL ^b

로서유의 하게표현되지만

(Choi et al., 2000)

^{두관계식의통계적유의차} 를검증하기위하여체장과체중을상용로그값

(log

10

X)

으로변 환

(Anderson and Neumann, 1996)

^{을시킨후직선회귀식으로} 바꾸어유의차검증을위하여

ANCOVA test

^를하였다

. 비만도(Condition factor)

비만도

(CF: condition factor)

^{는다음식이용하여계산}

(Ful- ton, 1904)

^하였고

,

^{상호간의유의차검증을위하여}

Tukey’s HSD test

를실시하였다

.

CF = BW/SL ^3× 100 결과 및 고찰

실험에사용된고정전고등어치어의

SL

^과

BW

^의범위는 각각

55.45-77.29 mm, 1.4719-4.5413 g

이었다

. 70% Ethyl

alcohol

^{에고정된고등어치어의크기는시간이지남에따라}

고정전의크기와현저한차이를보였다

(Fig. 1).

고정

1

일후의

SL

^은평균

6.0%

^{유의하게감소했고}

( P<0.05), 8

일과

12

^일후 에는각각평균

3.6% ( P<0.05)

와

3.7% ( P<0.05)

감소하여고 정직후수축률은급격하게증가하지만

8

일이경과되면서고 정액과시료사이에평행상태가유지되어더이상의변화없이 안정되는경향을보였다

. BW

는고정

1

일후평균

16.3%

유의 하게감소

(P<0.05)

했고

, 8

^일과

12

^{일후에는각각평균}

27.5%

( P<0.05)

와

27.3% (P<0.05)

로유의하게감소했지만

,

^고정

8

일이후에는

BW

의수축률도안정되는경향을보였다

(Fig. 1).

이와 같이고정전과고정후의

SL

^과

BW

^{가줄어드는 것은}

ethyl alcohol

^{에의한어체조직의탈수현상에기인한것으로}

사료된다

(Sturgess and Nicola, 1975; Watanabe, 2010).

치어 의수축률변화에대한연구는홍연어

,

^비단잉어

,

^{문치가자미} 등에서도보고되고있다

. Shields and Carlson (1996)

^은

95%

ethanol

^{에고정된홍연어의수축비율은}

FL

^에서

2.2%, BW

에서

19.7%

^{로보고하였고}

, Smith and Walker (2003)

^은

70%

ethanol

에고정된비단잉어의수축비율이

SL

에서최고

14%, BW

^에서최고

70%

^{에달했다고보고했으며}

95% ethanol

^에고 정한경우에는

70% ethanol

^{에고정한것보다거의}

2

^배에달한 다고보고하였다

.

^{또한문치가자미는}

SL

^에서

5.6%, BW

^에서

27.8%

^{수축하였다고보고하였다}

(Lee et al., 2012).

^이러한수 축률의차이는어종별형태학적차이와체내함수량의차이에 기인한것으로판단되며

,

^{초기가입특성등초기생활사에관한} 정확한연구를위해서는고정액및농도별로연구대상어종의 수축률에관한연구가선행되어야할것으로판단된다

.

initial 1 day 8 day 12 day

0 2 4 6 8 10

initial 1 day 8 day 12 day

0 10 20 30 40

Time of preservation

Bo dy s hr in ka ge ra te (% )

(A)

(B)

a

b

c c

c c b

a

40 50 60 70 80

40 50 60 70 80

Standard length after preservation (mm)

O rig in al s ta nd ar d le ng th (m m )

0 1 2 3 4

0 1 2 3 4 5

Body weight after preservation (g)

O rig in al b od y we ig ht (g )

(A)

(B)

SL

_original

= 0.96SL

_preserved

+ 5.17 R

²

= 0.981

BW

_original

= 1.16BW

_preserved

+ 0.37 R

²

= 0.996

1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Log ₁₀ standard length (mm) Log 10 body weight (g)

Log₁₀BW_original= 3.29log₁₀SL_original - 5.57 *Log₁₀BW_preserved = 3.69log₁₀SL_preserved - 6.38

Log₁₀BWback-calculated = 3.42log₁₀SLback-calculated- 5.81

Original Preserved

in ethyl alcohol

Back-calculated 0

0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0010 0.0012

Condition factor

a a

b

Fig. 1. Change of shrinkage rate in standard length (A) and body weight (B) of juvenile chub mackerel Scomber japonicus preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol for various time periods. Black circles and vertical bars denote mean and standard deviations, re- spectively. Signif icant differences indentif ied with Tukey’s HSD test are indicated with different letters (P<0.05).

이정훈·김정년·김주일

732

70% ethyl alcohol

에

12

일동안고정된고등어치어의고정 전과고정후사이의어체크기관계는다음과같이표현되었다

(Fig. 2).

SL original = 0.96 SL preserved + 5.17 ( R ² = 0.981, P<0.001, n = 40) BW _original = 1.16 BW _preserved + 0.37 ( R ² = 0.996, P<0.001, n = 40)

이들관계식은

70% ethyl alcohol

에고정된후수축이안정된 고등어치어의실제어체크기를추정하는데유용하게사용될 것이다

.

체장

-

^{체중의관계는 고정전에}

BW = 0.0000024SL

^3.31로

, 70% ethyl alcohol

^에

12

^{일고정된후는}

BW = 0.0000004SL

^3.69 로

,

역산된어체크기에서는

BW = 0.0000013SL

^3.45로표현되 었다

.

^{관계식들사이의유의차를검증한결과고정전체장}

-

^체 중관계와역산후체장

-

체중관계는차이가없었지만

( P>0.05),

고정후체장

-

^{체중관계는고정전과역산후체장}

-

^{체중관계와} 유의한차이를보였다

(

^{고정후와고정전의관계}

, P<0.05;

고 정후와역산후의관계

, P<0.05; Fig. 3). 70% ethyl alcohol

에 Fig. 2. Liner regression of original body size on preserved body size of juvenile chub mackerel Scomber japonicus after preserva- tion in 70% ethyl alcohol for 12 days. (A): standard length; (B):

body weight.

initial 1 day 8 day 12 day

0 2 4 6 8 10

initial 1 day 8 day 12 day

0 10 20 30 40

Time of preservation

Bo dy s hr in ka ge ra te (% )

(A)

(B)

a

b

c c

c c b

a

40 50 60 70 80

40 50 60 70 80

Standard length after preservation (mm)

O rig in al s ta nd ar d le ng th (m m )

0 1 2 3 4

0 1 2 3 4 5

Body weight after preservation (g)

O rig in al b od y we ig ht (g )

(A)

(B)

SL

_original

= 0.96SL

_preserved

+ 5.17 R

²

= 0.981

BW

_original

= 1.16BW

_preserved

+ 0.37 R

²

= 0.996

1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Log ₁₀ standard length (mm) Log 10 body weight (g)

Log₁₀BW_original= 3.29log₁₀SL_original - 5.57 *Log10BWpreserved = 3.69log10SLpreserved - 6.38

Log₁₀BWback-calculated = 3.42log₁₀SLback-calculated- 5.81

Original Preserved

in ethyl alcohol Back-calculated 0

0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0010 0.0012

Condition factor

a a

b

Fig. 3. Relationship between standard length and body weight of juvenile chub mackerel Scomber japonicus. Data were log- transformed to display linear regression. *Indicate significant difference of slope between linear regression equations (P<0.05, ANCOVA test).

initial 1 day 8 day 12 day

0 2 4 6 8 10

initial 1 day 8 day 12 day

0 10 20 30 40

Time of preservation

Bo dy s hr in ka ge ra te (% )

(A)

(B)

a

b

c c

c c b

a

40 50 60 70 80

40 50 60 70 80

Standard length after preservation (mm)

O rig in al s ta nd ar d le ng th (m m )

0 1 2 3 4

0 1 2 3 4 5

Body weight after preservation (g)

O rig in al b od y we ig ht (g )

(A)

(B)

SL

_original

= 0.96SL

_preserved

+ 5.17 R

²

= 0.981

BW

_original

= 1.16BW

_preserved

+ 0.37 R

²

= 0.996

1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Log ₁₀ standard length (mm) Log 10 body weight (g)

Log₁₀BW_original= 3.29log₁₀SL_original - 5.57 *Log₁₀BW_preserved = 3.69log₁₀SL_preserved - 6.38

Log10BWback-calculated = 3.42log10SLback-calculated- 5.81

Original Preserved

in ethyl alcohol

Back-calculated 0

0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0010 0.0012

Condition factor

a a

b

Fig. 4. Comparison of condition factors calculated from the origi- nal body size, body size after preservation in 70% ethyl alcohol for 12 days, and back-calculated body size using linear regression equations shown in Fig. 2. Black circles and vertical bars denote mean and standard deviations, respectively. Signif icant differenc- es indentif ied with Tukey’s HSD test are indicated with different letters (P<0.05).

initial 1 day 8 day 12 day

0 2 4 6 8 10

initial 1 day 8 day 12 day

0 10 20 30 40

Time of preservation

Bo dy s hr in ka ge ra te (% )

(A)

(B)

a

b

c c

c c b

a

40 50 60 70 80

40 50 60 70 80

Standard length after preservation (mm)

O rig in al s ta nd ar d le ng th (m m )

0 1 2 3 4

0 1 2 3 4 5

Body weight after preservation (g)

O rig in al b od y we ig ht (g )

(A)

(B)

SL

_original

= 0.96SL

_preserved

+ 5.17 R

²

= 0.981

BW

_original

= 1.16BW

_preserved

+ 0.37 R

²

= 0.996

1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Log ₁₀ standard length (mm) Log 10 body weight (g)

Log₁₀BW_original= 3.29log₁₀SL_original - 5.57 *Log10BWpreserved = 3.69log10SLpreserved - 6.38

Log₁₀BWback-calculated = 3.42log₁₀SLback-calculated- 5.81

Original Preserved

in ethyl alcohol Back-calculated 0

0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0010 0.0012

Condition factor

a a

b

고정된고등어치어의비만도는평균

0.00074

^{로실제크기의}

비만도

(

평균

0.00091)

및역산된크기로계산된비만도

(

평균

0.00091)

^{와유의한차이를보였다}

(Fig. 4).

^{이러한결과들은시} 료고정이생물학적파라미터를추정하는데오류를불불러일 으키는것을나타내며

,

정확한생물학적파라미터를추정하기 위해서는실제크기와고정후크기사이에표현되는관계식을 이용하여어체크기를역산한후역산된어체크기를사용하여 생물학적파라미터를추정해야할것으로판단된다

.

Ethyl alcohol에 고정된 고등어 치어의 어체 수축

733

사 사

본연구는국립수산과학원

(

남해연안어업및환경생태조사

,

RP-2012-FR-042)

^{의지원에의해수행되었으며이에감사드}

립니다

.

참고문헌

Ajah PO and Nunoo FKE. 2003. The effects of four preservation methods on length, weight and condition factor of the clupe- id Sardinella aurita Val. 1847. J Appl Ichthyol 19, 391-393.

Anderson RO and Neumann RM. 1996. Length, weight, and as- sociated structural indices. In Fisheries Techniques 2nd edn.

Murphy BR and Willis DW, eds. American Fisheries Soci- ety, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A., 447-482.

Choi YM, Park JH, Cha HK and Hwang KS. 2000. Age and growth of common mackerel, Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, in Korean Waters. J Korean Soc Fish Res 3, 1-8.

Fulton TW. 1904. The rate of growth of f ishies. 20th Annual Report of the Fishery Board of Scotland 1904, 141-241.

Houde ED. 2002. Mortality. In: Fishery science: the unique con- tributions of early life stages. Fuiman LA and Werner RG, eds. Blackewell Science, Oxford, U.K., 64-87.

Joh M, Joh T, Matsu-ura T, and Takatsu T. 2008. Validation of otolith increment formation and the growth rate of fat creen- ing larvae. Aquaculture Sci 56, 157-166.

Joh M, Takatsu T, Nakaya M, Imura K and Higashitani T. 2003.

Body-length shrinkage of marbled sole Pseudopleuronectes

yokohamae larvae preserved in formalin and in ethanol solu-

tions. Suisanzoshoku 51, 227-228.

Kodama K, Oyama M, Lee JH, Akaba Y, Tajima Y, Shimizu T, Shiraishi H and Horiguchi T. 2009. Interannual variation in quantitative relationships among egg production and densi-

ties of larvae and juveniles of the Japanese mantis shrimp

Oratosquilla oratoria in Tokyo Bay, Japan. Fish Sci 75, 875-

Kruse GH and Dalley EL. 1990. Length changes in capelin, 886.

Mallotus villusus (Müller), larvae due to preservation in for-

malin and anhydrous alcohol. J Fish Biol 36, 619-621.

Lee JH, Kodama K and Horiguchi T. 2012. Change in body size of juvenile marbled sole Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae af- ter preservation in ethanol. Ichthyol Res 59, 49-52.

Leslie JK and Moore JE. 1986. Changes in lengths of f ixed and preserved young freshwater f ish. Can J Fish Aqual Sci 43, 1079-1081.

Oozeki Y, Watanabe Y, Kuji Y, Takahashi S. 1991. Effects of various preservatives on the body length of sarry larvae.

Bull Tohoku Natl Fish Res Inst 53, 15-21.

Plaza G, Katayama S and Omori M. 2001. Otolith microstruc- ture of the black rockf ish, Sebastes inermis. Mar Biol 139, 797-805.

Shields PA and Carlson SR. 1996. Effects of formalin and alco- hol preservation on lengths and weights of juvenile sockeye salmon. Alaska Fish Res Bull 3, 81-93.

Smith BB and Walker KF. 2003. Shrinkage of 0+ carp (Cyprinus

carpio L.) after preservation in ethanol. Mar Freshw Res 54,

113,116.

Sturgess JA and Nicola SJ. 1975. Preparation of f ish for iden- tif ication and preservation as museum specimens. The Resources Agency of California, Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fisheries Informational Leaf let 29. The Re- sources Agency of California, Sacramento, U.S.A.

Watanabe S. 2010. Morphology observation. In: Basis of f ish ecology. Tukamoto K, ed. Koseisha, Tokyo, Japan, 73-86.