During a survey of the ichthyofauna in Korean waters, a single specimen of the trachichthyid genus Gephyroberyx Boulenger, 1902, character- ized by eight dorsal spines (third and fourth long- est), and low ridges and shallow cavities on the head, was collected from Dongmun fish market, Jeju-do, Korea in 2003. Although many authors have included three species in Gephyroberyx [G.
darwinii (Johnson, 1866), G. japonicus (Döderlein in Steindachner, 1883) and G. philippinus Fow- ler, 1938] (Jordan and Thompson, 1914; Woods and Sonoda, 1973; Yamakawa, 1982, 1984; Koni- shi, 1999; Shinohara et al., 2001), Kotlyar (1996) synonymized the latter two species under G.
darwinii. The present specimen agreed closely with the description of G. darwinii sensu Kotlyar (1996). Because trachichthyid species have not been recorded previously from Korea, we herein describe the species, being as the first record of G. darwinii from the region. New Korean names are provided for the family Trachichthyidae, genus Gephyroberyx and G. darwinii.
Counts and measurements follow those of Hub-
bs and Lagler (1958). Terminology of the caudal fin procurrent rays follows Johnson (1975). The specimen was deposited in the Marine and Envi- ronmental Research Institute, Cheju National University, Korea (MRIC).
Family Trachichthyidae 납작금눈돔과 (국명신칭)
(New Korean name: Nab-jak-geum-nun- dom-gwa)
Genus Gephyroberyx Boulenger, 1902 납작금눈돔속
(국명신칭
)(New Korean name: Nab-jak-geum-nun- dom-sok)
Gephyroberyx Boulenger, 1902: 203 (type species:
Trachichthys darwinii Johnson, 1866).
Gephyroberyx darwinii (Johnson, 1866)
납작금눈돔 (국명신칭)
(New Korean name: Nab-jak-geum-nun-dom) (Fig. 1, Table 1)
Trachichthys darwinii Johnson, 1866: 311, pl. 32 (type locality: Madeira).
Korean J. Ichthyol. 16(1), 9~12, 2004
─
─ 9 ──
First Record of the Trachichthyid Fish, Gephyroberyx darwinii (Teleostei: Beryciformes) from Korea
Byung-Jik Kim*, You-Bong Go
1and Hisashi Imamura
2Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Cheju National University, 3288, Hamdeok-ri, Jocheon-eup, Bukjeju-gun, Jeju-do 695-814, Korea
1Faculty of Ocean Science, College of Ocean Science, Cheju National University, 1, Ara 1-dong, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, 690-756, Korea
2The Hokkaido University Museum, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
A single specimen of the trachichthyid fish Gephyroberyx darwinii (Johnson) col- lected in the Dongmun fishmarket, Jeju-do, Korea, represents the first record of the species from Korean waters. The specimen is characterized by the eight dorsal spines (third and fourth longest), low ridges and shallow cavities on the head, nine abdominal scutes, and 21 gill rakers. The new Korean name “nab-jak-geum-nun- dom” is proposed for the species.
Key words : First record, Gephyroberyx darwinii, Trachichthyidae, Korea
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Trachichthys japonicus Döderlein in Steindachn- er, 1883: 49 (type locality: Tokyo, Japan).
Gephyroberyx philippinus Fowler, 1938: 38, fig.
11 (type locality: off Point Tagol Light, Min- danao, Philippines).
Gephyroberyx orbicularis Smith, 1947: 796 (type locality: off Algoa Bay, South Africa).
Gephyroberyx darwinii : McCulloch 1916: 182 (as G. darwini).
Material examined. Gephyroberyx darwinii : MRIC 511, 186.8 mm in standard length (SL), Dongmun fish market, Jeju-do, Korea, 8 Janu- ary, 2003.
Description. Counts and measurements are given in Table 1.
Body oval, deep and compressed. Head deep, relatively large, with a spine at anterodorsal corner. Space between nostrils narrow, anterior nostril smaller than posterior. Snout blunt. Inter- orbital region convex with several rough ridges.
Eye moderate. Suborbital bones with several radiating crests. Mouth large and oblique, maxil- la extending to posterior margin of orbit; supra- maxilla large; lower jaw fitting inside upper jaw.
Both jaws with band of narrow villiform teeth (innermost teeth extending more posteriorly than remaining teeth). Vomer and palatines with villi- form teeth. Preopercle with a large strong spine posteroventrally. Predorsal shorter than dorsal fin base, with a row of glossy scales along dorsal midline from occiput to origin of dorsal fin. Dorsal
fin base long; first dorsal spine short (tip broken);
fourth spine longest; last spine longer than penul- timate spine; third dorsal soft ray longest. Anal fin base short; first anal spine minute; third anal spine and second soft rays longest. A series of relatively large trapezoidal scales along bases of dorsal and anal fins. Pectoral fin narrow, fifth ray longest. Pelvic spine strong; third pelvic soft ray longest. Caudal fin forked, both lobes slightly rounded; caudal peduncle short and thick. Later- al line scales enlarged, each scale with a median spine. Ventral keel with nine robust scutes.
Color when fresh. Head and body reddish, back brownish-red, lower sides of body light silvery-gray; cheek and abdominal region with many bright gold spots; all fins red.
Color after preservation. Head and body pale brown to grayish; cheek and abdominal region with many whitish dots; all fins light yellowish.
Distribution. Known from the western North Atlantic (southern Scotian Shelf to the western Caribbean, Panama and northern Gulf of Mexi- co), eastern North Atlantic (Madeira to Cape Verde), South Atlantic (Gulf of Guinea and along the coast of South Africa), eastern and western Mediterranean, Indian Ocean (off Natal and Bay of Bengal), and Pacific Ocean (southern Austra- lia, Philippines, Japan and Korea) (Woods and Sonoda, 1973; Quéro, 1982; Yamakawa, 1982, 1984; Van Guelpen, 1993; Kotlyar, 1996; present study).
Remarks. The present specimen was initially
10 Byung-Jik Kim, You-Bong Go and Hisashi ImamuraFig. 1. Gephyroberyx japonicus, MRIC 511, 186.8 mm SL, Dongmun fish market, Jeju-do, Korea.
identified as a member of the trachichthyid genus Gephyroberyx, owing to eight dorsal spines (third and fourth longest), with a shallow notch between the seventh and eighth and low ridges and shallow cavities on the head, all being diag- nostic of the genus (Boulenger, 1902; Wood and Sonoda, 1973). Woods and Sonoda (1973) recog- nized three species of Gephyroberyx, on the basis of differing ventral scute and gill raker numbers:
viz G. darwinii (as darwini) (western and eastern Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and south coast of Australia), G. japonicus (Japan), and G. philippi- nus (Philippines). However, Kotlyar (1996) recent- ly recognized G. japonicus and G. philippinus as junior synonyms of G. darwinii, based on detailed examination of 32 specimens collected from world- wide. Not only did Kotlyar (1996) demonstrate wide and overlapping ranges of ventral scute and gill raker numbers from each locality, but also Yamakawa (1984) had earlier described similarly wide ranges in Japanese Gephyroberyx (as G.
japonicus). No significant differences in other
counts and measurements between specimens from each locality were given by Kotlyar (1996:
tab. 21). Accordingly, we follow Kotlyar’s (1996) synonymy of Gephyroberyx species.
The counts and measurements of the specimen closely match those given for G. darwinii by Kotlyar (1996) (Table 1), as well as the original and subsequent descriptions of the species (also under G. japonicus and G. philippinus). There were no apparent differences between the pre- sent specimen and G. darwinii.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Dr. Dmitry L. Pitruk (Insti- tute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of Russ- ian Academy of Sciences) for his kind translation of Russian literature into English. We also thank Dr. G. S. Hardy (Ngunguru, New Zealand) for his English corrections. This study was supported in part by Core University Program on Fisheries Sciences between Korea and Japan, granted by KOSEF (Korea Science and Engineering Founda- tion) and JSPS (Japan Society of the Promotion of Science).
References
Boulenger, G.A. 1902. Notes on the classification of teleostean fishes. II. On the Berycidae. Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (Ser. 7) : 197~204
Fowler, H.W. 1938. Descriptions of new fishes ob- tained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer “Albatross”, chiefly in Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 8 : 31~135.
Hubbs, C.L. and K.F. Lagler. 1958. Fishes of Great Lake Region. Cranbrook Inst. Sci., Bull., (26) : vii-xi±1-213, pls. 1~44.
Johnson, G.D. 1975. The procurrent spur: an unde- scribed perciform caudal character and its phy- logenetic implication. Occas. Pap. Calif. Acad.
Sci., (121) : 1~23.
Johnson, J.Y. 1866. Description of Trachichthys darwinii, a new species of berycoid fish from Madeira. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pp. 311~315.
Jordan, D.S. and W.F. Thompson, 1914. Record of the fishes obtained in Japan in 1911. Mem. Car- negie Mus., 6 : 205~313.
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Gephyroberyx darwinii from Korea 11
Table 1. Comparison of counts and measurements of Gephyroberyx darwinii
Characters Present study Kotlyar (1996) Standard length (mm) 118.8 (n = 1) 77.0~448.0 (n = 32)
Dorsal fin rays VIII, 13 VIII~IX, 12~14 Anal fin rays III, 11 III, 10~12
Pectoral fin rays 15 14~16
Pelvic fin rays I, 6 I, 6
Lateral line scales 29 27~31
Gill rakers 5±1±15 = 21 4~7±1±9~13
= 14~22
Ventral scutes 9 8~14
% of standard length
Body depth 51.1 40.3~53.0
Body width 16.8 -
Head length 39.0 33.3~42.0
Snout length 10.9 8.3~13.2
Upper jaw length 25.2 21.4~27.3
Orbital diameter 10.2 7.3~13.1
Interorbital width 13.7 8.9~18.5
Predorsal length 41.7 41.2~49.3
Dorsal fin base 50.9 41.4~48.1
Longest dorsal spine 18.7 -
Longest dorsal soft ray 18.7 -
Anal fin base 21.6 15.6~20.5
Longest anal spine 9.5 -
Longest anal soft ray 14.5 -
Pectoral fin length 23.1 18.7~26.8 Pelvic fin length 19.1 13.8~23.1 Caudal peduncle depth 10.1 7.6~10.4 Caudal peduncle length 17.5 -
Kotlyar, A.N. 1996. Beryciform fishes of the world ocean. VNIRO Publishing, pp. 1~368. (In Russ- ian)
McCulloch, A.R. 1916. Report on some fishes obtain- ed by the F. I. S. Endeavour on the coasts of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tas- mania, south and south-Western Australia. Part IV. Biol. Results “Endeavour”, 4 : 169~199.
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and Quéro, J.-C. (eds.), Poissons des cotes nord -ouest Africaines (campagnes de la ‘Thalassa’
1962, 1986, 1971 et 1973. Revue Travaux Insti- tut Pêches maritime 45, pp. 29~43.
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Sci. Mus. Mono., (20) : 283~434.
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20 : 49~50.
Van Guelpen, L. 1993. Substantial northwar range extensio for Gephyroberyx darwini (Berycoidei, Trachichthyidae) in the western North Atlantic possibly explained by habitat preference. J. Fish Biol., 42 : 807~810.
Woods, L.P. and P.M. Sonoda. 1973. Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Order Berycomorphi (Beryciformes). Mem. Sears Found. Mar. Res.
Mem., 1 : 263~396.
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Okamura, O., K. Amaoka and F. Mitani (eds.), Fishes of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge and Tosa Bay. The intensive research of unexploited fish- ery resources on continental slopes. Japan Fish- eries Resource Conservation Association, Tokyo, 202pp., 365.
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Masuda, H., K. Amaoka C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino (eds.), The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai Univ. Press, 109pp., pl. 94- F.
12 Byung-Jik Kim, You-Bong Go and Hisashi Imamura
Received : January 16, 2004 Accepted : March 2, 2002
한국산 납작금눈돔과
(
금눈돔목,
국명신칭)
어류1
미기록종, Gephyroberyx darwinii
김 병 직*∙고 유 봉1∙Hisashi Imamura
2
제주대학교 해양과환경연구소, 1제주대학교 해양과학대학,
2The Hokkaido University Museum, Japan
제주도 동문시장에서 금눈돔목에 속하는 Trachichthyidae의 Gephyroberyx속 어류 1개체를 채 집하였다. 본 표본은 등지느러미 극조가 8개(제3, 4극조가 최장)이고, 두부 배면의 융기와 동공이 낮고 얕으며, 복부인판이9개이고 새파수가21인 특징에서 G. darwinii와 잘 일치하였다. 본 종의 국명은‘납작금눈돔’이라 명명하였다.
