Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.레이저 응용 광학의 몇 가지 원리 - Holography
- Optical memory
- Short pulse generation
- Nonlinear optics
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.홀로그래피 (Holography)
Hologram : whole message
- 1948, Dennis Gabor : 홀로그래피 발명(1972년 노벨상 수상) - 1960, 미국 Michigan 대학, E. Leith, J. Upatnieks : 레이저 이용,
투과형 off-axis 홀로그램.
- 1960, 소련, Denisyuk : 반사형 홀로그램 (슬릿 이용), 밝은 실내에서도 가시화됨.
- 1970, 미국 Benton : 무지개 홀로그램 (백색광),
여러 방향의 모습을 동시 기록, 입체감이 뛰어남.
- 1977, 미국 Cross : 스테레오 홀로그램
D. Gabor
Denisyuk
Benton
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.홀로그래피의 원리
1. 사진
색과 빛의 세기를 기록 Î 깊이감이 없음
2. 실물
r1 r2 r3
)}
( {
exp i t k r r r
⋅ ω −
색과 빛의 세기 및 위상을 감지 Î 깊이감과 시차를 느낌
film
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.홀로그램의 제작 및 재생 (투과형)
1. 제작
laser beam
film
mirror
2. 재생
film
mirror
기준광과 물체로부터의 반사광을 간섭시켜 그 세기를 기록하고 현상 Î 위상정보가 기록됨.
virtual image object
기준광만 비추면 홀로그램에 회절된 광에 의해 물체의 입체 허상이 보임.
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.홀로그램의 종류
1. 투과형
2. 반사형
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.Holography의 예
This 10x8 inch two-step full color reflection holographic stereogram of an Acura NSX was made using a single laser wavelength (647 nm), and a single high-resolution photographic plate.
Color was produced using the "In-Situ" color control technique developed by Spatial Imaging alum Julie Parker.
Data courtesy of Alias Research and Honda R&D Company.
Here is a large-scale one-step holographic stereogram.
The film measures 1 x 1 meters, and the image volume occupies approximately 1 meter of depth. This hologram was produced in conjuction with research done for General Motors Corporation in 1991. It is composed of 1000 separate exposures, and displays a 45 degree viewing angle.
- Display
(3차원 영상, 입체 TV, Head up display, …)
- Interferometry
(변형, 진동, 유속, 결함 측정, …)
- Holographic optical memory - Pattern recognition
- Diffractive optical elements(DOE) - 신용카드, 지폐(불법복제 방지)
- 광고, 장식, …
홀로그래피의 응용
금속캔의 하중에 의한 응력분포
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.Capacity(Gbit/in2 )
10-1 10
1
1980 1990 2000 2010
(Products)
PC(Phase change) MO(Magneto-Optic)
Mixed
CD ROM (650MB)
DVD ROM (4.7GB*2)
ASMO
5.25”
MO(1X)
5.25”
MO(2X)
1st DVD RAM 2.6GB*2
MAMMOS
HD DVD
~1.5GB*2
IOPM
Holography
5.25”
MO(8X) CD ROM (650MB) PD
(650MB)
2nd DVD RAM 4.7GB*2
3rd DVD RAM
~15GB*2
3D multi-layer 102
광메모리 (optical memory)
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.1. CD(compact disc), DVD Í 종이, 마이크로필름, 오디오, 비디오 테이프 자기 테이프,
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.변 형 된 부 분 인 pit 와 원 상 태 그대로인 land에서의 빛의 반사도 차이를 감지 => 픽업
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.CD-RW
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.2. Holographic optical memory
- CD/DVD보다 수십배 기록밀도 높음 - 재료 :
광굴절 무기단결정 (Photorefractive crystal) 광굴절 고분자 (photorefractive polymer) 광변색성 고분자 (photochromic polymer)
광이성화 고분자 (Photoisomerization polymer)
홀버닝 재료 (Spectral hole burning material)
- 다중화 : 각도, 위상, 파장
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.Ar+ ion laser
λ/2 WP
PBS
BE SLM spatial
filter
CCD reference beam
image beam
polymer shutter
λ/2 WP
camera
(PDR1) 514.5 nm
computer
Holographic data storage
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.Original images and reconstructed images in PDR1 film
< Original Images > < Reconstructed Images >
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.HDDS (holographic digital data storage)
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.Photorefractive Crystal을 이용한 VHDDS (Volume holographic digital data storage) - IBM
Holographic data storage HM-100 -Holoplex
Input beam (signal arm)
SLM
Signal Beam
Input beam (reference arm)
Recording/Readout Head Lens of high NA
Reference Beam
Axis of disk rotation
CCD Holographic
Disk Shift
Mation
Output beam (reconstrnction arm)
z x
L θs
za
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.Short pulse generation
- Q switching - Mode locking
1. Q switching
: sudden switching of the laser cavity Q from a low value to a high value
full mirror active medium output coupler
Switching method - Rotating mirror
- Electro-optic switching - Saturable absorber
Pulse width ~ 10 ns
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.Rate equations
ν ν
c σ ν N I
νcg I dt
dI
−
t= ( )
22 2
21 2
2
( )
K N
I h N
dt
dN = −
ν− Γ +
ν ν σ
Put,
N
tch x I
ν
ν=
1 2
N y = N
, ,
τ = cg
tt
xy x
d y
dx = ( − 1 ) ≈ −
τ τ
y x
y
x
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.2. Mode locking
: locking the phases of longitudinal modes by modulating the cavity Q
Modulation method
- Acousto-optic modulation - Electro-optic modulation - Saturable absorber
Pulse width ~ 10 fs full mirror active medium output coupler modulator
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.Acousto-optic modulator
: photoelastic effect에 의한 공간적인 굴절률 변조 Î 회절격자 Î 입사광 회절
PZT(piezo-electric transducer) acousto-optic cell
기준광 회절광
Electro-optic modulator
: Electro-optic effect에 의한 편광에 따른 굴절률 변조 Î 입사광의 편광변화 Î 편광기 이용
AC polarizer
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.) sin(
) ˆ sin(
) ,
(
m m m m mm
z t e E k z t
E r = ω + φ
Mode locking pulse
Electric filed of m-th longitudinal mode
where,
m L km = π
c km
m = ω
,
Assume, φ
m= 0
Total electric field in the cavity
)}
( cos
) , ( )
( cos
) , ( 2 {
) ,
( z t
0A
( )z t k
0z ct A
( )z t k
0z ct
E = ε
N −− −
N ++
where, N : number of modes
Nonlinear Optics Lab
Nonlinear Optics Lab
. .
HanyangHanyang Univ.Univ.Mode-locked laser system and mode locking pulse
fs Ti:sapphire laser system
Mode-locked pulse
2L/c
Pulse width : 2L/cN
∝