Mineralogical Evolution of Non-Andic Soils, Jeju Island

전체 글

(1) , 35, 6 , 491-508, 2002 Econ. Environ. Geol., 35(6), 491-508, 2002.

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(4) . . . . . Mineralogical Evolution of Non-Andic Soils, Jeju Island Dae-Ho Ha1, Jang-Han Yoo2, Hi-Soo Moon1, Gyoo Ho Lee1 and Yungoo Song1 1. Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejon 305-350, Korea. 2. While about 80% of Jeju soils are classified as Andisols, the soils derived from volcanic ash in Dangsanbong are not Andisols. There is a significant difference of precipitation in localities of Jeju island. The study area is characterized by the lowest amount of annual rainfall in Jeju Island, and by the layered silicates as dominant solid phase in clay fraction. The purpose of this study was to characterize the mineralogy of the non-Andic soils in detail, especially hydroxy-interlayered silicates. Two major soil horizons are recognized in the soil profile developed in the Dangsanbong area, which can be designated as A and C. The soil pH(H2O), ranges from 6.6 to 7.3 increasing with depth, is higher than that of typical Andisols(pH<6.0). While the pH(NaF), ranges from 9.49 to 9.81, indicates that significant amount of amorphous phases might be present as exchanging complexes. It is estimated to about 1.542.88 wt% by using chemical selective dissolution. The organic content of surface horizon is about 2 wt%. This soil are composed of quartz, feldspar and olivine as major constituents with minor of silicate clays. Quartz is frequently observed in A and distinctly decreases in its amount with depth, while olivine is dominant phase in C and rarely observed in A. In the <0.2µm size fraction, smectite and kaolinite/smectite interstratification are dominant with minor of illite. The amounts of smectite decrease with depth, while the amounts of kaolinite/smecite interstratification increase with depth, which indicates the trend of mineral transformation with increasing the degree of weathering. The proportion of kaolinite in kaolinite/smectite interstratification is about 85%, and is not changed significantly through the profile. In the 2-0.2µm size fraction, vermiculite, smectite, illite and kaolinite are major components with minor of chlorite. Most of chlorite are interstratified with smectite. Chlorite which is not interstratified with smectite occurs only in surface horizon. The proportion of the chlorite in the chlorite/smectite interstratification is 59-70(%) and increases with depth. Hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite(HIV) with hydroxy-Fe/Al in their interlayers occurs in both A and C horizon. The amounts of hydroxy-Fe/Al decrease with depth. Hydroxy-interlayered smectite(HIS) of which interlayers might be composed of hydroxy-Mg/Al occurs only in C horizon. As the results of mineralogical investigation for the soil profile in the study area, clay minerals might be changed and evolved through the following weathering sequences: 1) Smectite Kaolinite, HIS, Vermiculite, 2) Vermiculite HIV Chlorite.. Dangsanbong, volcanic ash, layered silicates, HIV, HIS, chlorite/smectite, kaolinite/smectite.

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(54) . . Particle size distribution(wt%) of bulk samples.. A1 A2 C1 C2 CR

(55) . clay. sand. silt. 50µm-2mm 17.9 49.1 62.0 66.8 75.3. 2-50µm 49.1 26.7 19.6 18.7 17.9. sample. total <2µm 33.0 24.1 18.4 14.5 6.9. coarse 0.2-2µm 12.4 8.6 6.1 4.8 2.8. soil texture. fine <0.2µm 20.6 15.6 12.3 9.6 4.1. silt clay loam sandy clay loam sandy loam sandy loam sandy loam. Properties of bulk samples.. A1 A2 C1 C2 CR. pH. Depth (cm). Sample. H2O 6.63 7.07 7.2 7.26 7.38. 0-15 15-40 40-65 65-125 125-135. KCl 5.34 5.21 5.16 5.36 5.30. exchangeable cations (cmolc/kg). CEC* (cmolc/kg). NaF 9.49 9.63 9.53 9.55 9.81. 2+. 2+. Ca 4.47 9.26 8.44 8.83 11.01. 19.0 30.9 37.8 42.3 44.7. +. Mg 9.48 18.76 25.25 25.3 22.2. total. BS** (%). OC** (wt%). 14.38 28.91 35.28 35.75 35.39. 75.68 93.56 93.33 84.51 79.17. 2.00 1.21 0.59 0.84 0.80. +. K 0.10 0.16 0.11 0.16 0.40. Na 0.33 0.73 1.48 1.46 1.78. *CEC: Cation exchange capacity, **BS: Base saturation, ***OC: Organic matter contents. ) w./ "!î 6þ ÿ / 5" A / 1!( ! / :) ?B23 256 Ç Ú Ó ( u)ù1 * , +" +/ Ì

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(94) . . Oxalate and Na-pyrophosphate extractable Al, Si, Fe and short range ordered materials from bulk samples.. Alo. Sio. Feo. Alp**. Sip**. Fep**. Al0 – Alp ------------------Si0. Factor. SOM***(wt%). 31 36 37 39 50. 17 14 10 9 9. 1.68 0.92 0.79 0.69 0.60. 6.369 4.844 4.589 4.370 4.205. 1.54 1.95 2.25 2.57 2.88. A1 172 86 414 26 A2 152 114 422 19 C1 151 174 391 12 C2 152 210 388 8 CR 154 244 284 7 *Acid oxalate extractable Al, Si, Fe(mmol/kg) **Na-pyrophospahte extractable Al, Si, Fe(mmol/kg) ***Short range ordered material. (r Ì z$=

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(101)

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(125)

(126) . . XRD patterns of clay size fractions after removal of carbonate, organic matter, and free iron oxide. K: K-saturated, Mg: Mg-saturated, EG: Etylene glycol treated after Mg-saturation, 110, 300 and 550: heated at 110oC, 300oC and 550 for 2 hours after K-saturation.. µ > !? ò > ( \L?$ iç36 ò 5. 5. #. . :9;. . 6C. =>' ^ ò 2 F( içi $= ò d Å R

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(129) . . XRD patterns of coarse clay size fractions(0.22µm) saturated with K after treated with Na-Oxalate and Na-citrate for 4h, respectively.. 256 ò Ó $ {Ú/ LÐ P ^ ×256 > :F ®W !ò ^

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(132) 6 . /. .. :9;.

(133) . /. . . . . u ! ò ( N % u > :6 u> 00 Ó (r ñ

(134) ' > ^ n+6 A% Z[8À Ú+ # + (r \S ]Ì u 2Ç iç36 : N i: A* ò 86 r N i: F Ó( 12 `2Ç iço/ õ+ M S Z6 µ (r içi \S ] ò P ( o Z$= ò 86 : " !. ^ A* §# 86 &9 . . 5. .#. &9. . 5. . XRD patterns of coarse clay size fractions(0.22µm) treated with Na-Oxalate for 4h after removal carbonate, organic matter, and free iron oxide. K: Ksaturated, Mg: Mg-saturated, EG: Etylene glycol treated after Mg-saturation, 110oC, 300oC and 550: heated at 110oC, 300oC, and 550oC for 2 hours after K-saturation..

(135). . . 0 +. . . . #.

(136)

(137) +. ;58. ò P( n6 # =>

(138) 6 I' {Ú( 12 Ì ò ( ®W?$ ) iþ/

(139) 6 x ò Ó( ) ò ^ ×. ) *!. :. .. %&'. <7.!. ;58. %&. +. ) *!. . ) *!. ;58. =#+*"*!. +. . . . (" )(# 7. . . .

(140). Ó % Qç: JK {| }"~ . &: N i: . >. . .

(141)

(142) . . Infrared spectra of C1. Upper: no treatment, lower: treated with DCB, A: 0.2-2µm, B: <0.2µm.. {| }"~ .: iç36 µ > (r Qç: JK {| }"~ . &: N i: {| }"~ . 1^ õ+ M S Z6 Ó(r JK A* BC2Ç ß 6 JK N i:Ì 1 È` ò H( N i: JK A *^ :) g _/ kM S Z$= U`S ò

(143) Ó(r : + A*Ì u] k 9$ {( N i: 1 E/ õ+ M S Z6 M

(144) JK ( A) A* RÌ Ò' 9$ }"~{ S"! >. . :9;. . >. #. . . . >. . . . . . 0. +. ) *!. . . . . { .! ET: Òþ/ S Z6 5{( içi ' + ) *! ò P 6C {Ú/ = >/ y# =>2 oZ Å A* õ+M S Z6 µ .' Qç: &::6 µ .' µ .

(145) 6 !" ,-. %&(r :| { |}"~ . H( E { . : é2Ç iç36E j Ó % (

(146) > (r E { . 1ÌÑ/ õ+ . . 59. #. . 59. . # . . 3 . . . . %&'. %&. . , . . & ,!.

(147) . . <F *.

(148) . :9;. %&'. %&. 8,* *#.

(149)

(150) r I' {Ú. &' M S Z6 %&(r içi g ( A) @6 Ó(r 12 { \ x 7!89( N %& ! : I' ò =>B Å ? % .? 8!( ) ß2

(151) 6 :6 B( 2Ö {F2( Qç: % & ^ u

(152) 6 ghi {F! ï µ Ó < LÐ P 6C ò = > BÌ !ò ( !2 \L/ n+6 B c U( &c?$ + .' w. ò :h

(153) > 1 Ì =>( u

(154) 6 Ñ/

(155) 6 !" ,-. %&(r ' Å/ w) =>2 $= Qç: Å Qç: %&' %& % é] iç36 b =>

(156) 6 ghi ' {F2ÞÉ K F {Ú 2Ì §2 ¥L( g =>: _` 6 ( 12 . ' :9' ÖG dÖG(r {. Ì pu:= &p %&( r Ì 1

(157) 6 {Ú( 12 Ú ñ Ì 6< r dÖG(r +2 (" )(# 7<7.! 6C ò Qç: => F2 ÖG(rn6 l +e/ 23 => /

(158) 2= / Ò: U:6 fdÖG &: fdÖG ò ^ ) ñ a S Z6 ' g¨ {F2Ì pu ÖG HÌ LÐÖr § 6 ghi % &( içi :dÖG {F2 ÖGÞ Ì ñ Qç: É K dÖG(r |f] ÒÇ iç36 ò 6 =>

(159) 6 :C / :) r %&( 12 :dÖ Ó( 12 1 ÌÑ( G ' dÖG ^ .! I' < Ì L ) ß2

(160) 6 Ð2Ör F2Ì g$

(161) ' {F2 => : fdÖGn6 Ç 6 Ó =>B %&' Å :dÖG à?+ \ ³"~ . w./ ñ

(162) #µ {F2( +2 9$ §#86 Ü:Ì Ü :9; > %&' 1^

(163) 6 / LÐ <( =>: UÌ2 9' {F2Ì içi Å A* 5ò y# : -½2ñi dÖG(r +2 F2Ì Ü:( ( À2= 6C ò =>2 6 : F?+ UÌ2 U:6 >h?$ r Ì 12= g¨ LÐ A* ¥L %&' \L:6 ;58 ò Å A* { q : ;58 ò ^ ) {Ú .: ñ n {Ú( 12 .: U:6 ò

(164) µ Ú( 12 .( A) g &: @6 { ^ ò => .: iç36 :h

(165) => F2 2p(r |p %&$ 6S² UÌ

(166) 6 ' ò ^ 2 ' Ó(r içi 6 :

(167) ' > => {| }"~ . ò

(168) Ó µ ( 12 : ò ñ U:6 &c?+ LÐ ^ ò Ý/ Ån6 y# =>/ n+ 6 :h

(169) =>' Qç: \L$ Å/ w2 \/ n+6 Ó(r ^ ò 2 ' ( Qç:Ì DE Zþ/ S Z6 > (r LÐ Å' (r içi ò F( =>/ n: 9$ É (r ß 6 : Qç: {Ú( (" )(# 7< Y

(170) ' {Ú . {Ú/ Ô` &: ? U:6 : 123 =>/

(171) 2 U:6 r LÐ {Ú/ Ô` . &( ( ò {Ú .: ñ A* Åb :À

(172) 6 Ì 12 9/ S Z6 . . %&'. 0. %&. %&'. %&. # 5. . . 0 # . #. ,* +! . . . :9;. %&'. %&'. 6C. 0 # 0. &@6. . .. . %&. . . . ?. ,*. +! . # 0. ?. 8 !(

(173) . 8 "+"*

(174) . %&. . . . . . 8" !. . 8!" *+.

(175) . %&'. %&. (" )(#*!" (!"!. (" )(#. (" )(#<. . 0. 9 2!"*. . < . . . . & ,!.

(176) . ;58. 9+. 0

(177) . G. G.

(178)

(179) . 8" !. . . %&. 8,* *#, . ) *!. . ; ,

(180) . . (" )(#.!. +. %"4". *!" . . /-,* . .

(181) . 8!" *+. <* ,!.

(182) . . 9 2!"* . C2",. < . %(" )(# 7<7.!. 6C. . %&'. . ; , .

(183) . . %&. . . . 0 # 0. . . . . %&'. 5 5. . /. . . ;58. . 5. 5. #. 6C. 5 5 %&'. . . . ;58. . %&. >. (" )(#.!7<7 . %&. %&'. .

(184) . :9;. . 5. 5. # . /. . . 5. 5. . +. ) *!. #5. %&. . %&'. # . . . . ;58. #5. . ) *!. 6C. /. 8" !. 8!"* +. %&'. +. ;58. /. %&. 8" ! . . 5. %&. + ) *!. . 5.

(185)

(186) . . Extracted Si, Al, and Fe from clay size fraction by DCB, and acid oxalate treatment (unit: mmol/kg).. DCB treatment Sid A1 99 A2 129 C1 147 C2 161 CR 135 nd: not detected. Acid oxalate treatment. Ald. Fed. Mgd. Mnd. Sio. Alo. Feo. Mgo. Mno. 213 141 87 84 89. 1379 1186 872 750 516. 9 10 20 16 14. 16 12 10 7 9. 96 118 183 158 197. 202 171 169 158 253. 104 118 166 163 238. 16 30 108 62 39. nd nd 1 nd 2. {Ú . {Ú' &c?$ Ôij Z$= % (

(187) ^ ò

(188) > ) &$ {Ú( 12 . u/ wM S Z6 & c?$ ò ^ )' = :[ )( @: : 6 {Ú( 12 )( @: : 6 %&' %&'. %&. %&. (" )(# 7<7.!. . ;58. ) *! %&'. %&. *!" (!"!. (" )(#. *!" . ;58. . +. .! <. . (" )(#.!7 7<. (" )(#.!. C2",. . . (" )(# 7<. +. ) *!. 9+. 0

(189) . G. . /-,* .

(190) . <* ,!. . G. ;58 + ) *!( ) ) {Ú .: 12= : (" )(# 7<& ÌÑ: Ò6 ò ) ò P( ) $V ò ) {Ú .' &9$ Ó 6 × ò ( A) ÒÇ içiÉ "! 1 +) 00 Ì {Ú(r ;j i 6 ®Bk l6 Ó ^ ò ( {Ú .: ) ^ D E

(191) 6 ò

(192) ù !u > (r ' ( A) g &: Ò 6 È` 7-+ cÖ 5 5(r 0 #

(193) 7-$ ÒÇ iç362 ! &c?$ "%&(r (" )(# : {Ú./ 2= ~ àí(r 6 ~ $ {Ú( Ì 1M ÌÑ: Ò6

(194)

(195) . 8" !. . 8!" *+.

(196) . #5. . ) *!. (" )(# 7<. +. ;58. ;58. (" )(#.!. ;58. .!. . . <. .!. .. . 5. 5. + ) *!. %&. + ) *!. . . . <. .. . . 9+. 0 #. (" )(#<. 0

(197) . . . . 5. 5. 5. 1%%A. 5. #. (" )(#<. . '() &! &* +, % > { . 1^ 2= ( m¾Ì 6<Ç iç36 µ (r N i: Qç: {.: içi= µ (r JK Qç: {.: `26 . :9;. . 3 . . . 7. # . . 7. . N i: Qç: {. 00 Ó 3 µ 59 # µ :9; > { .: 1E/

(198) 6 ( r < LÐ içi Å' 6C ò 0Å $ =>2V {/ :n . [ 2 i Qç::6 LÐ ò > (r i . Extractable Al, Fe, Mg from clay size fractions with (A)DCB, and (B)acid oxalate treatment. solid triangle: Mg, open triangle: Al, solid circle: Fe.. 7. /.

(199)

(200) (r l m:^ n: 6 + A* ¥Lm: ∆ θ ^ :23 <. "! 9!(

(201) Ì

(202) .^ )

(203) N i: Aú' :6 N i: Qç: {. E içi Qç: &: |?+ & / =6G<A;6^ :) 256 > N i: Qç: {. Qç : &: A*:= : N i: Qç: {. N i: &' B256 Ó > 2p(r |p 6S² y# Qç: A*Ì UÌ2 9/ The portion of kaolinite in kaolinite/smectite ß M S Z6 :( 2p(r |p 6S² interstratification. N i: Qç: {. &' (r UÌ2= Qç: &' (r -½

(204) 6 Mineral compositions of clay size fractions. . 59 . . .

(205) #

(206) 0. .. . 7. . =6G<A;6. 7. . . 7.

(207) . . :9;. . 7.

(208) . . . . 0. 2 ! . obtained by NEWMODE. size (µm). Kaolinite/ Smectite. Smectite. Mica. . % A1 A2 C1 C2 CR. <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 0.2-2. 90 88 88 82 80 80. 6 8 10 16 18 14. 002/002 2θ 11.94 11.77 11.62 11.62. 4 4 2 1 1 4. . G . 1!-. 7 . . 5. . 6C. . . . .

(209). . 0. 5. 6C. 7. 7 . 7 . 7 . . . 7 . 7. . . . 7 . . . 76C#. 70 64 59 59. !+ 1 * . 8! . 5. . 7. $ . . . . . 6C. 5"4+-. /. . G!4 ". 7 . . . . 7 . #. . d(Å ) 7.40 7.51 7.60 7.60.

(210) . 5.

(211). . % Chlorite. 7. . . 5. çi ÅpD A*(r : {: N i: Qç: {.R/ S Z6 N i: Qç: {. Aú' ò

(212) Ó( içi A* ¥L A* ¥L g g¨ m:( ) &c?$ M S Z6 Ó( içi N i: Qç: {. A*¥L A * uM / :23 256 A* uM( )

(213) A* ¥L A* ¥L %,!. 7. . The peak position of chlorite/EG-smectite interstratification (0.2-2µm).. A1 A2 C1 C2. JK Qç: {. µ ^ LÐ / Å E Å A*Ì iç36 : A* ò :À2 $= ò g RÌ 6½ -½256Ì ò Å RÌ UÌ

(214) 6 :¨' { A* §#86 ò Å' y # =>2 = Å y# ¢( OPÌ §o6 r : {' Qç:^ DE

(215) 6 Qç: H( Å Å/ Ép' 6N 2i .' JK:6 8"( ò { \L/ n+6 JK Qç: {. Aú' JK Qç: A* ¥L g¨ m: wM S Z6 Ó (r A* N i: &: A*( qr g ¥L^ sÌ l U( A* g¨ Aú/ wM St( Y6 A* Qç: N i: A* A;

(216) ¥L(r içi U( :¨/ u 2 ¥) A* uM / :256 JK Qç: A* θ (r Å: (r y# :À

(217) 6 |( 12 pu JK Qç : {.' ç:ñi JK: :| + 9 ç:6 Ó( içi JK7 Qç: {. 7 A* yÖ Ú,/ <. "! 9!(

(218) Ì

(219) JK7 Qç: {. A^ 2 . #. . . . 1!- !+ 1 * . . 7. 76C#. . $ . 7 . . . 5. 2 ! 0. 7. 9. <. "! 9!(

(220) .

(221)

(222) . . : j( N RST m:Ì O+$ Ó 6 ab RST' +q A) j ab RST' $ Í` z' :6 Ó(

(223) ! u > j(r ET' # 4* ( içi A ET # 4*( A) Í` Ò 6 : j: | ?$ ?' RST( ) w: -½23 AB . §: ðþ/

(224) 6 Ó 1%=. #

(225) 7+:i :08: 1^ 2 n6 ÒÇ iç3 6 7+ :08 : &/ nq ö÷? )ø: : 6 ( ) ( ) ' 7+ :08: 7 A^ 2q : 65 AB . 6þ

(226) 6 . . . . . . !"!". .

(227)

(228) .

(229) . .

(230) . . A. . . . . !"!".

(231)

(232) . .

(233) The portion of chlorite in chlorite/smectite interstratification.. .(

(234) > JK ET' (r : (r -½

(235) 6 JK Qç: {. A* R A*( ò g RÌ UÌ

(236) 6 J A) K Qç: {. E içi Qç : N i: |?+ &' 6N .¨ Úu$ 2q

(237) W^ n56 . . .. . . 5. 7. 7 . 7 . . 5. . 7. =6G<A;6. . @"?**. . . . @!"" **. 5 . . AB . &c?$ !",-. %&' AB . / 6T$ Ew

(238) 42= . ;,+,? ,". . . .,4".

(239) . , . . . %& B(r P IJ/ @: v6 \] \/ _`2 + Q RST:6 RST' w/ _`2 [O

(240) +:= ® ·

(241) RST: \/ _`2n6 R ST m:( N w B |Î E S( %& \: >B 6 RST UÌ ~ :Q w: 2Ç §23 .% A^ R "3$ É06 > ?$ .%( {| }"~ . w. G w.: ü? 6 ghi RST UÌÌ

(242) w/ ÌjëÖ .%( ^ -½ AB .: § 6 %& AB . : % .+ +q A) j(r {|}"~ .: .:= AB . ET ' z6

(243) 0. . . . . . . 1%%A. . . 1%%A. . 1%%. . >. 7.!#. . .

(244) . . . . .,4".

(245) . . . @"?**. .

(246) . . #

(247)

(248) 4*. . . 00.

(249)

(250) . +. ) *!. =#1(" 1 1*!. 1. .

(251) . @"?**. . . G .

(252) . ."!". .

(253) . 7. . - . /0 1 23 4! 5. .

(254) . .! !. Al Al0 – Alp ------ = ------------------Si Si0. : /' )M AB . H ( w. G(r ) &/ nB) ¿ 6 &c?$ :08: x A : = : à t( 9 7+( DEî6 U`S Ó .%^ H2Ö n6 ?Ç iç36 :h

(255) # 7 Apµ Ð S+ !" ?+* "^ 25$= : Ð S ^ :) AB . ET/ W"256 AB . &' :6 AB . &' Ü:Ì UÌE( UÌ

(256) 6 : AB . / ð2 &: 2p 6S² -½2q +2 9$ Ó 6 +. ) *!. . . 7. # . . . 0. # 7. . . 0 # 0

(257). 2 ! . . @"?**. . . . #

(258)

(259) 4*. . . . . . % . j( 4

(260) %& |p{ 2p{ 0 .'

(261) $= |p 6S² 7!Ì UÌ

(262) 6 ü?$ %(r AB . ET' Í` z' := |?$ {|}"~ .: ./ :y6 j % . ' . . . . . .

(263)

(264) !Ì 89g( JK &: UÌ2 9( + 2 9$ Ó 6 j 2p( Ì i çi= |p(r içi 6 Qç: 7! ".:= 7!Ì 89g( Ì $ 8! 9$ )M S Z6 µ 2p(r |p 6S² Qç: & ' -½2 N i: Qç: {. & ' UÌ

(265) 6 7!( N :h

(266) % . ! > p 6 &c?$ %& F2 ( 12 W 6 :C F2 {| }"~ . W 6 % . ET' 2p(r |p 6S² (r *Ç U Ì

(267) 6 g{( Ü:( N Variation of mineralogical compositions of clay size fractions with depth. !Ì ?6 :9' 2p Qç:Ì |p 6S ² N i: JK$ 8!23 (I x 7! B( \L?$ iç36 J/ U:6 r j(r Ó µ % ' 7! B 7!Ì 89g( Qç: N i: ( \L?$ iç36 JK' 7! BÌ Ì $ 8!25$= ' ^ ñ2 JK Ò' .%(É 12= 2p(r içi $ 8!Ì 89 Z 9$ Ó 6 6 2p %&(r JK' JK Qç: $ 6 {$ 12= Ì 7!^ ?Ç v' (r J K: içi 6 &c?$ JK' 6N f" %& .' I -? % .( A) stB2= r 7!Ì 89Ö I' Qç: zÇ 6 :6 I' .%(r `2Ç içi= -?' 2p%&(r `2Ç iç36 %& w. E T' Í` z$= 7!Ì @: 89 %&(r içi JK' I' Qç:Ì $ &c?+ 1%% + ( A ^ ñ2 JK$ 89 9$ )M ) ÒÇ iç36 %& : S Z6 = AB .' %& !",-. & %&(r Qç Ì Ü<( UÌ

(268) 6 µ % :Ì ^ ñ2 JK$ 89g/ n2 (r Qç: &: N i: J Z6 K: .:6 : E JK Qç: Ó(r JK E Ì iç36 01 {.: 12= Qç: & ( JK: DEZ ' j(r i p {Ú: $ Ôij Z6 çi 7!Ì 89g( {Ú( {(r Ì içi= {(r É (" )(#.: *3 9$ )M S Z6 : 1

(269) 6 {Ú .' ò ^ ) ña S Z : `M 9$ .% p( Ó 6 {Ú .' ò ^ 12 içi= {Ú.' :6 ( ) ñ := : [ 12 &' 7!Ì 89 a S² U Ì `

(270) 9$ Ó 6 JK Qç: Ì2= {F2 7!Ì Ò/ S² UÌ2 ÈJ/ {. JK Aú' 2p 7!Ì n+6 JK Qç: {. JK 89aS² JK Aú: UÌ

(271) 6 µ Aú' 7!Ì 89a S² UÌ2= :h

(272) &|' 7 .' N i: Qç: {. . . %&. %&. . %&. & ,!. 3 .

(273) . . 7. . 1%/5 . 1%/5 . . 1%. 1%#!1!!* +"!. . . 1%. . 4*. . 1%/5 . 4*. # . . 1%/5 . . . . # . %&. . . . . %&'. . . 7. . . 59. . . . . %&' . 5,"+.

(274) . %!"2 . <-,2. . 9 . . / . . . .

(275) # 4*. . . 1%%A. . A. %&' %&. . 8" !. . . %&. . 8!" *+.

(276) . & ,!

(277) . . 1%=.. #

(278) . #

(279)

(280) 4* . %&' %&. . # . . . . . . . %&'. . 7. . (" )(# 7<7.!. %&'. %& . <+64 8" !. . . G . 8!" *+. .

(281) .

(282) . /**"+-. (" )(#.!7. . . %&'. . 5. %&'. ;58. (" )(#.!7. . . %&'. %&'. %&. +. (" )(#<7. <. . .

(283) . %&'. (" )(#.!7. 00 #. 30. ) *!. . (" )(#. . 7. # . 7. 3 . . 7. . .

(284)

(285) 2 A &(A = 2 2

(286) . &: Qç::6 N i: Qç: {. N i: Aú' Ü * 6,((## > 4 9&, #/(, 5 :( WY: &B26 7!Ì 89aS² Qç ,, &, 000 8 5, :(#(' #,# 5( B = 2

(287) - ! !. : &' -½2= N i: Qç: ?,, &,. ? 4 /,( = 4 6(#

(288) , A, '. {. &' UÌ

(289) 6 %&( içi % 0 *,#& 5 '3 6(# 6&'

(290) .,(+

(291) .,#& !, 222 < .' 7!Ì 89g( Qç: N i ,(, * 4

(292) C2. : $ 8!2= ' ^ ñ2 ?&:(/ 2 > .,(./# 8 (/ 8 = 0 JK$ 8!2 9$ Ó 6 #

(293) &(

(294) #,(A# 5 0( (

(295) &

(296) &(#, <, . . - . 7. . .

(297) #

(298) 0. . . 7. . . %&. . %&'. . .,( 5(.

(299) ' 2 2

(300) 2

(301) . = - . ! !. ("( * 7 (#, ; ; 2',+& . . 6(,(#, 5 -,(.

(302) '#, .,

(303) #,3 ,)

(304) , ' ' *,( - . : | ¼A pu?+ ( ) :n8 9R. #. # 0. . YDE ( M> *E 78 GO ¡l¢ " £ . . . !. . ,' 2 4 2/..(' 5 (,

(305) ..,# 5 067 .,

(306) #/(, ..##,, ' *,( - . . (&, 8 0 9&, 5(.# #:#' 5 / ./. #,(',(

(307) ' 6& ; 1(+ 6' #,

(308) &

(309) 0#

(310) <:/(+, ; :#( . (&, 8 0 ,(#

(311) & 6 * &(#, '()' #,(',(, -,(.

(312) /#, .,

(313) ##, . ! 0 = ;) 2 4,,, *,( ,-(.,# 222 * 40. /## 9/ 9 0/, > '()' #,( ',(, .,( =,, 5/,

(314) , :' , ,# 2 2

(315) 2

(316) . = - . . (

(317) &(# ? *#.(#, #&,( .,

(318) ##, .,( ! 0 = ;) 2 . 4,,, *,( ,-(.,# 222 * 40. (,' ? 4 7#&',, +'

(319) +'

(320) ,(

(321) . ,), 5 .,

(322) ##, -,(.

(323) /#, ' *,(. / - ! ! . (' = 7 (< = 2 :( - ;

(324) # &,(

(325) &(#, *,( - . & 4 6(5## 8 @ @,, 8 *-,.,# 5 /./. (+

(326)

(327) .,) ., A, ," B, ?,,(. - ! . &/(

(328) &. ? = ' .,( 5(., .

(329)

(330) &(#, ., ," B, ' *,( -. . ;/

(331) &/5/( 6 6,+, * 6(. 7"( ! *(&+' 5 &, .+#, &'#, ' *,( - ! !. .,( 1. 8/, = ; 2.#& @ 7)#(

(332) # 5 (+

(333) 5(. 5 #(

(334) #, ,. ,(: = *</.: * 4,#&,(+

(335) &(#, ,(-, 5(.

(336) &(#,

(337) &# /,( &/. #(

(338)

(339) # ?,,(. - . /+&, 8 7 ;,*( 6 = 4&#, 4 " ; > (+ 5

(340) ' .,( 6,'- #(# 5 #&, 0 0 2

(341) &/#A @ ? - &, */.# , 0#,(# ' 5 ;,-,( 9&,

(342) ' .,( 2

(343) ,#' . +# 0 . 0/, > 0.

(344) # 5 , /# # . ,( #&, -

(345)

(346) & = 6,+# -. ! . 0/, > (/, 9

(347)

(348) /./# 5 + (+, , /# = >(, 5(. #&, #, 6,#

(349) ,, # #&,

(350) ,, ! ! 0 2. </ ,# , @722 ?,.(&+

(351) &A( (

(352) ,, #, 2/ ! #, 1,(+ (,.+, ?,(.'. =

(353) < * @ 2

(354) &,.

(355) ' -

(356) ,

(357) /(, ! ,# #& (#+ 6/:&, :' #&, /#&( * 4

(358) . >. ; "+ = "+ 2 @ ", * 8,,. = 9/55 (+

(359) , =,D/ 0 >(, = ?, 2

(360) >(, - !! . >##(

(361) < = &(#, 55,(,##, 5(. #,( +(, .,

(362) ##, -,(.

(363) /#, :' /# #:#'

(364) (#,( ' ' *,( - . @ , ? ! &(

(365) #,(A# 5 #&, , 5 .,

(366) ##, # #, #(5(.#3 ;,

(367) # 5 E (' ##,( ' ' *,( - . !. @,, 2 > & > 2 >. 0 9 2#/, #&, &'

(368)

(369) &,.

(370) (,(#,

(371) &(

(372) #,(A# 5 (+

(373) .##,( =,D/ 1

(374)

(375) & 2 = >(, 2

(376) 2 2

(377) ,(# - . *

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