Alterations of Hematological Parameters, Plasma Constituents and Antioxidant Responses in the Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria Depending on Salinity

830

Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815

서 론

해산어류에게염분은가장중요한환경요인중하나이며

,

.

,

(Kim et al., 2004).

(Sclafani et al., 1993).

(Ag)

(Ag)

(Webb and Wood,

2000).

는데

,

(Panfill et al., 2006).

어류의염분변화에따른노출시광염성어류

,

,

적영향을미치는스트레스요인으로작용한다

(Partridge and

Jenkins, 2002).

어류의혈액학적성상은외부환경적변화에따른대사작용 및건강상태를확인하기위한지표로많이사용되고있다

(Kim and Kang, 2014).

염분농도에 따른 치어기 은대구(Anoplopoma fimbria)의 혈액학적 성상, 혈장성분 및 항산화반응의 변화

김준환·박희주·황인기·김도형·오철웅

·이정식

·강주찬*

부경대학교 수산생명의학과, ¹부경대학교 자원생물학과, ²전남대학교 수산생명의학과

Alterations of Hematological Parameters, Plasma Constituents and An- tioxidant Responses in the Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria Depending on

Salinity

Jun-Hwan Kim, Hee-Ju Park, In-Ki Hwang, Do-Hyung Kim, Chul Woong Oh

¹

²

Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea

1

Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea

2

Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea

Juvenile Anoplopoma fimbria (mean length 15.6±1.4 cm, mean weight 68.7±4.3 g) were exposed to 4 months with the different levels of salinity [100 (35.0), 90 (31.5), 80 (28.0), 70 (24.5), 60 (21.0), 50 (17.5), and 40 (14.0) % (psu)]

for 4 months. Hematological parameters such as red blood cell (RBC) counts, hematocrit (Ht), and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were substantially decreased under salinities of 50% psu or lower. Of the measured inorganic plasma constituents, magnesium was notably decreased, whereas there was no effect on calcium. Among organic plasma components, glucose and cholesterol were significantly increased, and total protein was decreased. Among enzyme plasma components, glutamic oxalate transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased under salinities of 50% psu or lower. Antioxidant responses such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly decreased at salinities of 50% psu or lower.

The results of this study indicate that salinity affects the blood parameters, plasma constituents, and antioxidant re- sponses of A. fimbria .

Key words: Anoplopoma fimbria , salinity, hematological parameters, plasma components

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2016.0830 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(6) 830-837, December 2016

Received 19 August 2016; Revised 6 October 2016; Accepted 19 October 2016

*Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 51. 629. 5944 Fax: +82. 51. 629. 5938

E-mail address: [email protected]

염분농도가 은대구에 미치는 영향

831

포

,

, hematocrit, hemoglobin

,

(Zarejabad et al., 2010).

하고건강상태를판단하는주요한지표로판단된다

(Arnason

et al., 2013).

,

.

,

.

어류에서염분의변화는생리적인스트레스를유발함으로써

,

(Yin et al., 2011).

, GST

. GST

,

(Regoli and Principato, 1995). GSH

(Kim and Kang, 2016a).

, GST

GSH

.

본실험에사용된은대구는미국및캐나다에서양식되고있 는고부가가치를지닌한해성어종으로

,

.

,

.

,

,

.

재료 및 방법

실험어 및 실험환경

본 실험에 사용한 실험어는 미국

Troutlodge

받은 은대구치어를실험어 크기

(

15.6±1.4 cm,

68.7±4.3 g)

,

175

.

이용하여

13±1°C

.

해수

35 psu

100%

100 (35.0 psu), 90 (31.5 psu), 80 (28.0 psu), 70 (24.5 psu), 60 21.0 psu), 50 (17.5 psu), and 40 (14.0 psu)%

4

, 2

. 혈액성상

실험어는혈액응고를방지하기위해헤파린을처리한

1

.

RBC (Red Blood Cell) count, hemoglobin (Hb)

hematocrit (Ht)

. RBC count

Hendrick`s diluting soluton

400

, hemo-cytometer (Improved Neubauer, Germany)

. Ht

Ht

, microhematocrit centrifuge(Model; 01501, HAWKSLEY AND SONS Ltd., England)

12,000 rpm, 5

(Micro-Haematocrit reader, HAWK- SLEY AND SONS Ltd., England)

. Hb

kit (Asan Pharm. Co., Ltd.)

Cyan-met- hemoglobin

(Azim et al., 2002)

540 nm

.

혈장분석을위해채취한혈액은

4°C, 3,000 g

5

.

,

,

.

(Calcium),

(Magnesium)

.

OCPC

(Connerty and Briggs, 1966)

570 nm

,

Xylidyl blue- I

(Kannan et al., 2015)

515 nm

kit (Asan Pharm. Co., Ltd)

.

유기성분으로는 글루코즈

(Glucose),

(Cholester- ol),

(Total protein)

.

GOD/

POD

(Raabo and Terkildsen, 1960)

500 nm

,

(Allain et al., 1974)

500 nm

,

Biuret

(Lubran, 1978)

540 nm

kit (Asan Pharm. Co., Ltd)

.

혈장 내 효소활성으로는

GOT (Glutamic oxalate trans- minase), GPT (Glutamic pyruvate transminase), ALP (Alka- line phosphatase)

. GOT

GPT

505 nm

Reitman-Frankel

(Hollands and Logan, 1966), ALP King- King

(King and King, 1954)

500 nm

kit (Asan Pharm. Co., Ltd)

.

항산화반응

간과아가미의항산화반응을측정하기위해

washing buffer (0.1 M KCl, pH 7.4)

, homogenizing buffer (0.1 M PBS, pH 7.4)

Teflon-glass homogenizer

.

4°C, 10,000 g

60

.

GST

Habig (1974)

.

0.2 M potassium phosphate (pH 6.5)

,

10 mM GSH

10 mM CDNB

1

.

340 nm

30

5

nmol/ min/ mg protein

.

GSH

Beutler (1984)

.

precipitation solution (metaphosphoric acid, Na

EDTA, NaCl)

, 4,500 g

10

.

0.3 M Na

HPO

, 0.5 nM DTNB

412 nm

. GSH

reduced glutathione standard curve

, nmol GSH/ mg protein

.

유의성 검정

실험분석결과에대한통계학적유의성은

SPSS

그램

(SPSS Inc.)

ANOVA test

Tukey’s multiple range test

P<0.05

.

결 과

혈액성상분석

염분농도에따른은대구의혈액성상변화는

Table 1

. RBC

2

4

50%

(P<0.05). Hematocrit

2

달뒤

60%

,

실험

4

50%

(P<0.05). Hemoglobin

2

4

50%

(P<0.05).

혈장성분 분석

혈장성분변화중무기성분변화는

Table 2

.

.

4

50%

(P<0.05).

Table 3

.

2

50%

,

험

4

60%

다

(P<0.05).

2

,

4

50%

(P<0.05).

2

4

60%

(P<0.05).

Table 4

.

GOT

2

50%

,

실험

4

60%

다

(P<0.05). GPT

2

4

50%

(P<0.05). ALP

2

4

50%

(P<0.05).

항산화반응

염분농도에따른

GST

Fig. 1

.

GST

2

4

50%

(P<0.05).

Table 2. Changes of inorganic plasma components in sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria exposed to the different levels of salinity for 4 months Parameters Period

(month) Salinity (%)

100 90 80 70 60 50

Calcium

(mg/dL) 2 1.75±0.20^a 1.73±0.21^a 1.74±0.19^a 1.73±0.27^a 1.67±0.18^a 1.70±0.17^a 4 1.74±0.18^a 1.76±0.20^a 1.73±0.20^a 1.75±0.25^a 1.72±0.25^a 1.70±0.18^a Magnesium

(mg/dL) 2 3.33±0.29^a 3.32±0.31^a 3.38±0.34^a 3.30±0.38^a 3.29±0.23^a 3.25±0.32^a 4 3.32±0.32^a 3.37±0.24^a 3.42±0.33^a 3.29±0.19^a 2.95±0.37^ab 1.97±0.25^b Values are mean±S.E. Values with different superscript are significantly different at 2 months and 4 months (P<0.05) as determined by Tukey's multiple range test.

Table 1. Changes of RBC (red blood cell) count, Hematocrit and Hemoglobin in sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria exposed to the different levels of salinity for 4 months

Parameters Period (month)

Salinity (%)

100 90 80 70 60 50

RBC count

(×10⁴mm³) 2 340.5±32.8^a 335.1±31.5^a 337.5±32.8^a 341.9±40.9^a 328.7±35.5^a 260.9±29.8^b 4 335.6±32.5^a 336.7±34.0^a 331.4±26.5^a 340.8±35.0^a 297.5±31.8^ab 235.2±34.5^b Hematocrit

(%) 2 42.3±4.1^a 41.5±4.0^a 41.9±4.2^a 42.1±3.6^a 37.7±3.9^b 35.4±3.2^b

4 41.3±3.9^a 40.5±3.8^a 41.6±4.4^a 31.6±4.3^b 36.4±4.2^ab 29.6±2.9^b Hemoglobin

(g/dL) 2 11.8±1.3^a 11.6±1.2^a 10.65±1.3^ab 11.7±1.3^a 10.6±1.1^ab 9.1±1.2^b

4 11.6±1.2^a 11.42±1.5^a 11.59±1.1^a 8.6±1.2^b 10.2±1.2^ab 8.4±1.0^b Values are mean±S.E. Values with different superscript are significantly different at 2 months and 4 months (P<0.05) as determined by Tukey's multiple range test.

염분농도가 은대구에 미치는 영향

833

GSH

Fig. 2

.

GSH

2

4

50%

,

GSH

2

4

50%

(P<0.05).

고 찰

어류에서염분변화에따른노출은어류의삼투압조절에필 요한체내이온평형에문제를일으키고

(Mccormick, 2001),

Months

2 4

G ST (n m ol/ m in /m g pro te in)

0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005

a a a a

ab b a a a

ab b

Liver

ND ND

ab 100 %

90 % 80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 %

Months

2 4

G ST (n m ol/ m in /m g pro te in)

0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004

0.005 100 %

90 % 80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 %

a a a a

b a a

ab b

ND ND

Gill

ab abab

Months

2 4

G SH (n m ol G SH /m g pro te in)

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030

100 % 90 % 80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 %

a a a a b

a a aab b

ND ND

Liver

ab ab

Months

2 4

G SH (n m ol G SH /m g pro te in)

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

0.06 100 %

90 % 80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 % aa a

ab b

a a a b

ND ND

Gill

ab abab

Table 3. Changes of organic plasma components in sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria exposed to the different levels of salinity for 4 months Parameters Period

(month) Salinity (%)

100 90 80 70 60 50

Glucose

(mg/dL) 2 93.5±8.6^a 96.4±10.2^a 95.15±8.7^a 115.4±9.1^b 104.9±10.2^ab 120.33±10.1^b 4 94.2±9.3^a 95.8±8.3^a 96.7±9.5^a 108.5±10.8^ab 121.9±12.1^b 126.4±13.5^b Cholesterol

(mg/dL) 2 142.3±14.8^a 143.8±14.6^a 141.2±14.6^a 145.9±15.4^a 151.3±16.2^a 158.0±17.3^a 4 143.5±15.6^a 144.2±15.2^a 142.6±15.1^a 147.3±15.6^a 162.4±16.4^ab 185.4±18.4^b Total protein

(g/dL) 2 4.15±0.44^a 4.10±0.43^a 4.02±0.36^a 3.80±0.44^ab 3.31±0.51^b 3.22±0.36^b 4 4.12±0.36^a 4.08±0.40^a 3.81±0.51^ab 3.75±0.38^ab 3.15±0.42^b 2.98±0.28^b Values are mean±S.E. Values with different superscript are significantly different at 2 months and 4 months (P<0.05) as determined by Tukey's multiple range test.

Table 4. Changes of enzymatic plasma components in sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria exposed to the different levels of salinity for 4 months Parameters Period

(month) Salinity (%)

100 90 80 70 60 50

GOT(karmen unit)

2 2.37±0.28^a 2.33±0.26^a 2.38±0.29^a 2.36±0.25^a 2.59±0.26^ab 2.96±0.42^b 4 2.33±0.24^a 2.27±0.22^a 2.37±0.32^a 2.45±0.29^a 3.23±0.33^b 3.40±0.27^b GPT(karmen unit) 2 1.65±0.17^a 1.63±0.16^a 1.64±0.22^a 1.58±0.16^a 1.82±0.15^ab 1.95±0.27^b 4 1.71±0.17^a 1.62±0.32^a 1.58±0.17^a 1.98±0.27^b 1.88±0.26^ab 2.01±0.21^b ALP(K-A) 2 5.54±0.61^a 5.32±0.57^a 5.63±0.47^a 5.61±0.38^ab 6.26±0.58^ab 6.90±0.47^b 4 5.60±0.53^a 5.39±0.54^a 5.70±0.61^a 6.34±0.61^ab 6.42±0.65^ab 7.32±0.68^b Values are mean±S.E. Values with different superscript are significantly different at 2 months and 4 months (P<0.05) as determined by Tukey's multiple range test. GOT, glutamic oxalate transminase; GPT, glutamic pyruvate transminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase.

김준환

ㆍ

ㆍ

ㆍ

ㆍ

ㆍ

ㆍ

834

로써성장지연및질병에대한저항력을감소시킨다

(Kim et al., 2009; Xiu-mei and Wen-tao, 2005). Saoud et al. (2007)

,

40% psu (17.5 ppt)

rabbitfish

.

RBC

, hematocrit,

hemoglobin

(Kim and Kang, 2016b; Roche and Boge,

1996).

인혈액학적성상의감소를나타내었다

. Pufferfish

RBC count

hematocrit

(Lee and Huh, 2004). Hematocrit

,

cobia

hematocrit

(Denson et al., 2003). Shirangi et al. (2016)

Persian sturgeon

hematocrit

,

. Tavares-Dias et al. (2000)

hemoglobin

hematocrit

고

,

hemoglobin

hematocrit

.

어종에따른이온농도의조절능력차이는서식지의염분변화 시종에따라스트레스요인으로작용할수있으며

,

(Arnason et al., 2013; Imsland et

al., 2008).

하기위해이온조절기능을하기때문에

,

(Bijvelds et al., 1998).

본실험에서염분농도에따른은대구혈장칼슘성분의변화는 나타나지않았지만

,

,

.

(Bolton et al., 1987).

,

.

,

(Oh et al., 2014).

. Tsuzuki et al. (2001)

pejerrey

,

.

,

.

.

(Oner et al., 2008).

. Jave and Usmani

Channa punctatus

.

,

(Chang and Hur, 1999).

. Lee and Huh (2004)

pufferfish

.

GOT,

GPT,

ALP

판단하는 지표로많이사용되고 있다

(Kim and Kang, 2015).

Fig. 2. Changes of GSH (glutathione) level in liver and gill of sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria exposed to the different levels of salinity for 4 months. Vertical bar denotes a standard error. Values with different superscript are significantly different at 2 months and 4 months (P<0.05) as determined by Tukey's multiple range test.

Months

2 4

G ST (n m ol/ m in /m g pro

0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003

a a a a

ab b a a a

ab b

ND ND

ab 50 %

40 %

Months

2 4

G ST (n m ol/ m in /m g pro

0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003

50 % 40 %

a a a a

b a a

ab b

ND ND

ab abab

Months

2 4

G SH (n m ol G SH /m g pro te in)

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030

100 % 90 % 80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 %

a a a a b

a a aab b

ND ND

Liver

ab ab

Months

2 4

G SH (n m ol G SH /m g pro te in)

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

0.06 100 %

90 % 80 % 70 % 60 % 50 % 40 % aa a

ab b

a a a b

ND ND

Gill

ab abab

염분농도가 은대구에 미치는 영향

835

본실험에서은대구의혈장

GOT, GPT,

ALP

.

rockfish

GOT

(Oh et al., 2014). Wickee and Morgan (1976)

American oyster

GOT

. Fazio et al. (2013)

mullet

GOT

GPT

. Joseph and Philip(2007)

gi- ant tiger prawn

ALP

.

.

,

(Lushchak, 2011).

GST

GSH

. Ruiz and Blumwald (2002)

GSH

. Donham et al. (2006)

white sturgeon

Chinook salmon

GST

.

GST

(Lau et al., 2004; Cailleaud et al., 2007).

,

,

GST

GSH

.

본염분의노출에따른은대구의성장및혈액학적성상변화 에대한결과는장기간의염분노출이은대구의성장및생리 적변화에상당한영향을주었으며

,

.

60%

,

은대구양식에서저염분노출에따른영향을판단할수있는기 준이마련되어야할것이다

.

사 사

이논문은

2016

흥원의지원을받아수행된연구임

(

).

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