IEG 환경지질연구정보센터
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(2) >{2êV»ö ~ æ~> ·>ï Ã&(II). öb ~ ®b , 7öB £ 49.9%& ’80jê * ö J~B êB Öb / BF jº ç . 6 ’80j&ö 2,249B²(20.2%), 90j& *>ö 1,833 (16.5%)B², ê>ö 1,330B²(12.0%)& J~ ÒÏ7ö ® Ú 10j ç êB Öb 88%¢ 6~ ® . Þ, 2000j ö *Ò 45,938B²~ ö 7 B*® >ï¦b öB Öb 13,567B²B £ 29.5%. ; . f ?f V &Ö &; ö &Bº Ú z> &>[ö ¦>º >{2êV»j 'Ï~ ÖÂË j Ã&Ò > ®rf b, æ~> BB O; Ëj~ 7"W~ B b '~ *~öB &;j J ~ > ìÚ .¾>º ÖÂ>ï~ ¦ öê V» ~ 'Ï &Ë~ . æ~> BB ö ÖÂïj Ã&Ò Ï'b Ú B 2, ¾Ò 5 Dry ice» ê>îb¾ ¾Ò¾ Dry ice»f .ê¢ ½Ú¾æ á~&, F; Ú &Ê¢ Ï B2»f ç ® ;v êöræ BB>îb¾ *þW ~ ê BB 7B ç . ¾ Ö b "æö &OB 2êj ÎN'b jv' n;~ ² jÁBʺ >{2ê»f Þ&~² BB> Ú æ~> Öëö Ï>² >î . ÚöBº 1989jêö çë' Ï'b >{2ê Ëj& ê«>Ú N 5 æ~>BB ÖÂË Ã&ö Ï~&, Ú 2~3&~ Ëj& º& ê«>î . ¾r ê«B ~ KyleÒ Ëjº 2&~ 3 bÊ Ê ²*¢ F{ÎV ÿB 3,500 psi(245 kg/cm )~ {Kö 1,000 lÁmin ~ ÆÂïj <º æ~> ÖÂï à & *Ïb BBB Ëj&b¾, 30B²öB çëÚ* Ö" N «Ö>î . 1j êö * ³ëV>ÒöB ê« ATLAS COPCOÒ~ HFU 140 Ëjº 140 bar ~ {Kb 350 lÁmin ~ ÆÂïj <º Ëj&b¾, Ú* BB ã n*Ò(?) ÒÏ 7>î . *Òº ?f Vö "*ë¶& ê« ATLAS COPCO Ò~ Ëj& çÏb &ÿ 7ö ®b¾, z«¾ æî çf Ö¦B Ã&¶ò¾ &Ï 'f *Z ; . Ò;b V»ö & ¢ “æ³' æ~> BB 5 ·VF BBÒë”ö ~² >î, 1Njê 3B² Öbj ~ C 12B² Öbö &~ >{2êþ~ Ö"¢ þ¶ò B~º © . ' þ;öB þf ²æ Vol. 7 No 2 ö >B ÿ BÏ~ ^ öB ²BB 2Þ~ Òff ? f ";j ö ªC © . 2). 3). 75. 2.. O». öB j >{2ê ·ë Protocolf Fig. 1" ? . Fig. 1~ Protocolf >7ÎV²*¢ J~~ ÒÏ7 Öbö & ©, Bº þ&ç Öb~ çö V ¢ çV Protocolö &~º ·ë";ö ~ *Ëþj. ~& . º æ7ö {>¢ ;B "«~ V ~ ÒB, {Ë 5 Ó²Î" ö ~ ·>ïj Ã&Ê. 4). 2. −1. −1. 5). Fig. 1. Flow chart of works (2002, Hahn & Yun). Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 74~85, 2003.
(3) ;çÁn«WÁJJ'Á";Á*Ò>Áff"Áf;>ÁW~Áö;. 76. º © Ï'æ Öb~ *Òç~ j>Ëj ï&~ V *B Ò* &>Wþj ~&, >{2ê þ O ~ J~æ6j Ö;~V *B Ò* Ú TV¦[j ~& . >{2ê þ~ O º ËO (Extension packer) f {Ë; O (Inflatble packer)¢ ÒÏ~&º :, " &ö* Z {Ë; O ¢ ÒÏ~&, æ[~ 2ê& ~ O ö ¶çj * ÖJ& ®º öBº ËO. ¢ ÒÏ~& . Òê TV¦[f >{2ê ·ëb WB Öb ãö æ;¾ æ*¢ { Ï'b ê~&b¾, Ö b b~ çê& ¸¾ Ú z¢~ ²*b ÿ¢ bÒÚ 'çj Ạ© ~ ®&Ë~ ²V~ W"ö º ~æ á~& . Òê &>W þf &/' Ò* &>W þöB ÒÏ B Ëjf ?f Ëj ÿ¢ (·>* 2~4* V &)öB þÆ ~& . ö¾ þ~ Ï'ö ~~ Ò*" Òê þ æ~> * ;~¢ ?² Fæ~B r Ã&B j>ïj G; ~ Ã&Nj ï&~¢ ©¾, B æ~>* ; ~¢ ÿ¢~² Fæʺ ©f *Ë ·ëöBº ®&Ë Table 1. Well Inventory for Hydrofracturing Test. B®. ®. 1. G-1. 2. IW-4. 3. O-9. 4. GW-1. 5. KYC-11. 6. KJD-1. 7. KYC-3. 8. KCG-1. 9. KCG-2. 10. KYA-1. 11 12. KYS-1 KYS-2. *~ &* FW >ÿÒ s ΠF~Ò Â ÿ êïÒ Â ê· w ÿ ' Zÿ êê Ú z*Ò ' zÖ &nÒ æ ÂÒ æ ÂÒ 'z â^ BcÒ &* FW nÖÿ &* FW nÖÿ. æî ¢V(?) ÚÎz;z ¢V wÚÎz;z ¢V ÚÎz;z ãVÞîz Ú j£Ö nz[ îw²z >¢ú[ (¢[) ~Öÿ[ (¿ÿ[) ~Öÿ[ (¿ÿ[) ÏÖw²z ÚÎz;z ÚÎz;z. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 74~85, 2003. b, öBº &/' Ò*ÁÒê~ j>Nj ÿ ¢~² Fæ ê æ~>* ;~~ æz ÖÂB j·> ï~ Ã&¦V ·>ï~ Ã&¢ ï&Æ >¯~& . 3.. þ&ç Öb~ F;. BöB Þ/ :f ? þ&ç Öbf 1) ÖbË j ;W, 2) &Ö ËKÖb, 3) ç æî, 4) ç æÚö ª~º ©b F;V&j J;~& . VöB *" > ìº ©f Öb ²F"¾ &Ò¶& Öb~ ¶Z¢ ÖJ~ £² ÿ~æ pj öz, J Ò Î <ºÚ^ ® ê 5Ê Þ 2&& êÁ « > ®º * ®Ú¢ þ &Ë~ º 6 . 6j J~ F; Öbf Table 1" ? . 4.. >^æî *ê >{2ê ßW. º >{2ê~ *;' "«{-"«Fï~ *KF . VB º :f ? þ*ö bj "«~ {K j &~² > >ª Úö z>* 2ê>, .V Fig. 2. 6,7). ê º;ÖÂï (m). (m3d−1). 200. 100. 224. 40. 130. 30. 67. 100. 80. 40. 95. 30. 100. 30. 188. 50. 250. 70(?). 80. 40. 91 74. 50(?) 80. Ïê Ï> _ºþbË &G; _ºþbË &G; ãÚ~ 'ËÒÏ æ~>V. Ò ³ëÏ> ÒÏ7 æ~>V. ÒÏ ³ëÏ>Ï ³ëÏ>Ï æ~>V. ÒÏ bFæÏ> bFæÏ>. F;ÒF. Ãþ ¦ÃN þ ; ; þ; 1 zÖz w²z 'z 'z 'z zÖz ; ;.
(4) >{2êV»ö ~ æ~> ·>ï Ã&(II). 77. º 18B &Î ÆÏJ Òë öB æ~ b(V6)~ Jê¶ò G;B >{2êþ W" B 129~ ¶ò¢ >^æî*ê ;Ò © . Table 2~ Ö"º æ~b~ ³Wç · æ î 5 æÚ¢ ¢~æ á~&, G;ê 5 ¶ ò~ Q¶öB Bf ® Òò>¾ &Ú' ãËj 2k~ºº ZÒº ìj © . Table 2öB .V2ê{f &~& z;zöB 22.1 MPa, êJW 'zöB 16.75 MPa, ²8f æ WzöB 2.39 MPa, C²zöB 11.41 MPa ;ê . (Ò)B{f &~& C²zöB 13.82 MPa, êJ W 'zöB 11.4 MPa, ²~º æWzöB 1.29 MPa, êJW'zöB 2.82 MPaB [Ò& ¾ BB 'z[öB ¸f 8j º © j . ¶ò¦V ·>ï Ã&¢ Ï'b ~º >{ 2ê~ ãÖ V j BÁ{ËÊ Ïª~æ Ëj~ & "«{ £ 140 bar ;ê Ϫ ©b º;B . *æ z>~ Ë;êº z«ö V¢ N& ®Ææò 0.83 MPa~9.8 MPa ;ê , .V 2ê{" *æ z> Ë;ê *~ ç&&êº Fig. 3ö êB :f ? y=0.3878x + 0.4909 . Þ, æ~> ÖÂï Ã&¢ * >{2ê~ ãÖ º B{ 7º ~ ¢ < ®bæ *æ z> Ë;êf ç&&ê¢ ê~ Fig. 4f ? y = 0.2156x+3.4147 . æ~>~ " FÿÛº æ7ö BB , 8-24). Table 2. Fig. 2. Time-pressure flow rate diagram.. 2ê(P ) êö &{j 7æ~ ¢; {K ö ê{(P )ö ê~² B . {Kf j Fæʺ jº {K" ?¾ £* V r^ö &B ö >çb ·Ï~º ² >ï"wK(S )j ¾æ¾² B. . ¯, b s. h. 27). Sh = Ps. Þ, öêê {Kj &~V ·~ .V2 ê{K(P ) ç ® Ôf ¢; {Kö ê~² > º {Kj B{(P )¢ ~, ¦V *æ ~ z> Ë;ê(In-situ tensile strength, T )¢ > ® . ¯, b. r. hf. Thf = Pb − Pr Table 2. Hydrofracturing Test Results by hydrogeological Unit. >^æî* *Ú êJW'z .V2ê{ C²z æWz &«z;z *Ú êJW'z C²z B{ æWz &«z;z *Ú êJW'z C²z z>ËK æWz &«z;z. Ûê. * : MPa) ¶ò>. (. ². 0.10. ï. 78. 0.90. &. 2.39 7.42 11.41 2.39 2.69 1.29 2.82 7.08 1.29 1.86 0.83 1.79 4.24 0.91 0.83. 7.14 8.69 11.61 6.90 6.87 3.41 4.51 7.30 3.50 2.96 2.76 2.79 4.27 2.73 2.76. 11.02 11.37 14.75 11.03 10.23 6.25 6.62 9.14 6.27 5.56 4.76 4.86 5.61 4.73 4.66. 10.67 10.86 13.34 10.98 8.87 5.84 6.60 7.83 5.86 4.81 4.49 4.62 5.56 4.52 4.00. 16.43 14.70 19.02 16.47 14.73 9.67 8.15 12.02 9.95 8.82 7.28 7.29 7.00 7.10 7.98. 22.10 16.75 20.91 19.50 22.10 13.82 11.40 13.82 13.60 13.20 9.80 8.02 7.09 9.80 9.50. 129 20 4 76 29 129 20 4 76 29 129 20 4 76 29. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 74~85, 2003.
(5) ;çÁn«WÁJJ'Á";Á*Ò>Áff"Áf;>ÁW~Áö;. 78. Fig. 3. Correlation between breakdown pressure and in-situ tensile strength.. Fig. 5. Well depth vs well yield.. Table 3. Well Depth vs. Percentage of Well Yield. jÖÂï. z« Þîz~ *Zz+Þîz z;z ê Fig. 4. Correlation between fracture reopening pressure and insitu tensile strength.. ~ ªº æ ¦"öB &Ë ô ª> êö V ¢ 6² º © ;J . Heim(1878) ~ »f >ïwK" >çwK ?jæº ê 1 km ;ê¢ B ê "c : ®, Hoek " Brown(1980) f &Û 500 m ÚöBº >ïwK >çwK æ .Ò B &Ë~¾ ê 1 km çöBº ~ Bf ÚJÚ ©b ~& . f>;(2002) f *¢^öB >ê 7¦öB (.Ò)~ ï Bêº 570 m ;ê¾ wKö V ¢ N& ®Ú Îï-·Ö[ wKöBº 370 m, º& _ -ãn[ wKöBº 570 m, 7& 'z wKöBº 250 m, Ò & 'z wKöBº 890 m ;ê VF~& . ª ßWb ê& p²> Öb~ Ö Âïf 6²~² >º, Davis & Turk(1964) º ~ Ö;îz(zWz 5 æWz)öB Öbêf ÖÂïj Ò~ Fig. 5¢ B~&b ê 700 ft(213 m)~ 1,000 ft(305 m) pf Öbf Ï' jî¢ V F~& . 25). 26). 27). 28). Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 74~85, 2003. 80% 72 75. 85% 80 78. ®. 90% 88 82. ¶ò> 14 9 5 28. ;ç(1982) f ÚöB 28B Öb~ êf jÖ ïj Ò~ Table 3" Fig. 6j ·W~&, Öbê & 80 m ;ê * ÖÂï~ 85% ;ê~ b ÖÂ> æ Öbj Z·; p² 2º ©f jãB'¢ VF : ® . 6, Öb~ ê& Ã&ö V¢ j·>ï~ Ã&N f 6²~º ê 30 möBº j·>ïf 0.16 m d ~0.76 m d ;ê, ê 40 möBº 0.1 m d ~0.5 m d , ê 60 möBº 0.04 m d ~0.21 m d * &~² 8 6²~ & ~ êöBº j·>ï f ~ B(0) çB 2N FÎ f ~ ìº © b VF : ® . B>Òb¦V æ~> ·>ï Ã&¢ Ï'b ~º >{2ê~ &ç*f ç ê 80 m ; ê& ê, pf êöBº ß> æî & B>Ú ®æ pº Î"º ßê® V&>æ pº . 29). 2 −1. 2 −1. 2 −1. 2 −1. 2 −1. 2 −1. 29). 5.. >{2êþ. ' þ;ê "«ê 5 "«N> ê "«*".
(6) >{2êV»ö ~ æ~> ·>ï Ã&(II). 79. KöB æ[~ 2ê 6º B>Ú îb b "«>Ú {K ;~>º *çj ® . ~ Bº "«· ê 1ª Úö B>º ãÖ& &¦ ªîb, KJD-1" ?f ãÖº £ 7ª ã"ræ { Kö Â] æz¢ £j > ìî . ö¾ >{2êþ öº "«*-"«Fïö & ;& ç ® 7º~¾ ö ÒÏB Ëjº æ ~>&;~ {Ëj "Ï'b B·B ËjB "« *-"«Fïö & ¶òº ~æ á~& . 6.. >{2êV» Î"ªC. ·>ï Ã& þ &ç 12ö & Ò*ÁÒê &>Wþ Ö" ¢ Table 5ö ~& . Ò*ÁÒê &>W þf >{2êþb &ç Öb~ bÒ' ç ¯, ÖÂï âî¾ Ã&>º& ~ º 6¶ò~ ³b Ï' W>æ ® 2~4 *j öb ~&b, V ¶ò& &Ï Öbö Bº Ò* &>W þf ~æ p V ¶ò¢ Ï~ ªC~& . Table 5öB *Ú 12~ þ; 7 11B~ j ·>ï 7%~366.8%ræ Ã&~ >{2ê *¾ " >*¢ ;~Î ÖÂïf ç ® Ã&F © . >^æî* ê ¢V~ z;z æöBº j·>ï~ 18.8%~99.6%, R>ïê>& 23.4%~85.2% 6.1.. Fig. 6. Well depth vs. percentage of well yield.. & "«{f Table 4ö ;Ò~& . Table 4öB º :f ? ö ÒÏB {²*~ VêWËf 140 bar 350 lÁmin ~ Fïj / > ®º Ëjæò B *ËþöBº 63 kg/cm & & "«{îb, &¦ª~ ãÖ 40 kg/cm ~50 kg/cm ~ { −1. 2. 2. 2. Table 4. Time-Pressure Records during Hydrofracturing. ê "«²> 1N 1N O. ® ê "« "« "« 2N "« "« 3N "« O. ê "« "« (bgl-m) * {K * {K * {K (bgl-m) * {K (.) (kg/cm ) (.) (kg/cm ) (.) (kg/cm ) (.) (kg/cm ) 1. 2. G-1 IW-4 O-9 GW-1 KYC-11 KJD-1 KYC-3 KCG-1 KCG-2 KYA-1 KYS-1 KYS-2. 30 39 23 25 8.5 25 22.5 41.4 47.6 22.5 13.4 34. 840 360 120 40 187 200 50 300 240 240 173 130. 25 48 35 40 25 25 44.5 63 49 19 20 20. 2. − 660 120 60 210 215 258 150 220 140 50 140. − 52 35 39 13.5 25 43.7 48 49 6 20 12. 2. − − 420 60 288 310 200 − − 160 30 190. − − 43 38 15 21.9 37.5 − − 10 20 9. 2. − 27 − 37 − − − 47.6 34.9 − − −. − 240 180 180 − − 230 640 340 150 180 −. − 45 33 55 − − 25 49 39 13 20 −. ê "«²> 2N 3N "« "« "« "« * {K * {K (.) (kg/cm ) (.) (kg/cm ). 2. 2. − − 420 180 − − 130 − 300 300 180 −. − − 35 57 − − 28.5 − 30 5 15 −. 2. − − − 360 − − 240 − − − − −. − − − 55 − − 22.5 − − − − −. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 74~85, 2003.
(7) ;çÁn«WÁJJ'Á";Á*Ò>Áff"Áf;>ÁW~Áö;. 80. Table 5. Productivity Growth Analysis of 12 Wells by Hydrofrcturing. þ; G-1. IW-4. ¯; &*7 FW «ÿ 179-5 ;öê s ΠF~Ò 136-5. *~. (m) j· R>ï >^æî* j>N ¶>* æ~>* j >* >*;~ï (m>ïd ) (mê>d ) &~ê> æîª (m d ) (BGL-) (BGL-) (m) 5.31 13.79 8.48 12.9 16.8 2.4Ü10 ¢V ÚÎ 108.88 ·> 3.3Ü10 139.78 4.55 11.59 7.04 19.9 26.6 z;z +28.7% +64.3% +58.1% +37.1% ¢V wÚÎ 38.5 8.12 55.97 47.85 0.80 0.34 2.87Ü10 z;z 5 48.8 7.58 44.11 36.53 1.34 0.61 3.17Ü10 ·> ÖWî z;z +26.8% +66.1% +77.6% +10.4% B-test:'02. 5. 31 9.43Ü10 30 4.05 30.15 26.10 1.15 0.81 2.88Ü10 O-9 2.53 4.55 4.67 0.12 O-10 A-test :'02. 5. 31 ¢V 2.88Ü10 50 O-9 wÚÎ 5.13 (CTD-Diver Ë?-z¦Ç¦ z;z 7.04Ü10 0.2 O-10 SWOË(34m ç) 1.50 30.8 2.26 A-test : '02.6.19 Ò +85.2% +46.4% 4.08 17.73 13.65 +99.6% O-9 C®&(Di245 Ë?) (+103%) z¦öB Ǧ¶ò C 77 2.24 35.39 33.15 2.322 5.402 ãVÞîz 62.2 ·> 2.98 13.11 10.13 6.140 2.555 wÚÎÞîz -19.2% 164.4% -52.7% 2ê& 6.812 16.7~17 m ² 2.28 35.39 33.11 4.891 [&(?) 3 −1. 3 −1. 3 −1. −5. 127o17'36'' 36o20'37''. −5. −4. 127o52'51'' 37o34'34''. −4. -4 -6. O-9. ãVê  ÿ êïÒ 484-1. 127o23'11'' 38o04'07''. -6. -3. 126o42'9.6'' 37o34'19.5''. -. GW-1. Â ê· w ÿ ·. 126o42'10.0'' 37o34'19.5''. 126o42'10.4'' 37o34'19.5''. 126o42'10.0'' 37o34'19.2''. GH-1 18.5 m. [z' GH-2 15.2 m. [z' GH-3 27.4m. [6Æ 7Ò 34m ã ÏÖw²z 21~21.3m 24~80.5m :F& &j(%) KYA(T). &j(%) KYA-1. 'z ë« BcÒ. KYA(O) X:136,784.5 Y:158.,22.5. &j(%) KYA-1. &j(%) KYA(T). &j(%) KYA(O). KSY-1. &* FW nÖÿ. &j(%) ÚÎz;z X:324,044 Y:226,925.0. 7.85~11.3m 36.6~38.9m 69.5 76.0m (%). ! &j. -. -18.65%. -. -. 2.03 2.64. 17.2 9.25. 15.17 6.61. -. 5.082 2.599 -48.9%. 1.85e-5 0.0049 26,485%. ·>. -. 2.23. 9.25. 7.02. -. 0.769 3.402 +342.4%. -. ². -. 2.08 2.70. 3.73 6.17. 1.65 3.47. -. 8.922 4.367 -51.1%. 0.0092 0.0074 -19.6%. ·>. -. 2.26. 6.17. 3.91. -. 8.283 8.632 +4.2%. -. ². -. 2.23 2.79. 4.66 7.74. 2.43 4.95. -. 8.210 5.552 -32.4%. 0.004 0.00094 -76.5%. ·>. -. 2.36. 7.74. 5.38. -. 5.873 4.926 -16.1%. -. ². 40 40. 4.10 3.56. 9.78 8.28. 5.68 4.72. 0.03 8.48. 5.23 6.02. 7.3 10-4 7.35 10-4. 20.63. 15.11. 0.68. -. Ü Ü. ·>. Ü Ü ·> 2.66Ü10 ·> 7.65Ü10. -. 3.97 2.78. 7.36 5.03. 3.39 2.25. -. 7.0 8.31 18.71. 1.87 10-5 9.63 10-5 414.97. -. 2.77 3.50. 3.27 4.49. 0.5 0.99. -. 6.44 7.34 13.96. -3. -. 4.48 5.10. 9.78 8.26. 5.30 3.18. -. 7.72 6.46 -16.32. -. ². -. 3.97 2.78. 7.36 5.03. 3.39 2.25. -. 9.85 11.33 15.03. -. ². -. 2.98 3.50. 3.27 4.49. 0.29 0.99. -. 17.35 16.95 -2.31. -. ². 30.5 40.0. 5.37 3.2. 13.69 12.38. 8.32 9.18. 3.67 4.36. 1.55 2.31. 4.6 10-5 1.17 10-4. 18.80. 49.03. 154.8. 31.4. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 74~85, 2003. -4. -71.24. Ü Ü. ·>.
(8) >{2êV»ö ~ æ~> ·>ï Ã&(II) Table 5. Continued. þ;. ¯;. *~. 81. (m) j· R>ï >^æî* j>N ¶>* æ~>* >* >*;~ï (m>ïd ) (mê>d ) &~ê> æîª (m d ) (BGL-) (BGL-) (m) ÚÎz;z 60.7 0.7 6.62 5.92 10.25 8.5 4.61Ü10 79 0.6 6.78 6.18 12.78 27.3~29.0m 10.49 5.77Ü10 3 −1. 3 −1. j. 3 −1. -3 -3. KSY-2. &* FW nÖÿ ' Zÿ. X:324,210.0 Y:27,233.5. 160-4. 128o27'59'' 35o53'19''. KJD-1. êê Ú z*Ò 32-15. X:117.450 Y:135.155. KYC-3. ' zÖ &n2Ò. 128o49'06'' 36o01'57''. KYC-11. 54.3~57.4m 68.2~72.8m (%). &j &j(%) j£Ö nz[ 40.2~44.3m 59.0~65.5m. îw²z >¢ú[(¢[) 26.8~27.1m 72.5~73.8m 91.5~92.1m. ~Öÿ[ ([) ¿ÿ[. KCG-1. æ ÂÒ 50. KCG-2 X:275.880 Y:156.058. æ ÂÒ50. X:275,870 Y:156,100. 24.68. 23.41. 25.16. -. 0.86 2.35. 6.62 6.78. 5.76 4.43. -. 4.06 5.01 23.40. -. ². 40 40 -. 2.52 1.80. 54.82 13.0. 52.3 11.2. 0.765 3.571 366.8. 1.420 3.052 114.93. -. ·>. 11 30 172.7. 15.66 15.33. 22.55 32.88. 6.89 17.55. 1.60 1.71 7.0. 0.5 0.57 14.5. 9.12 10-5 9.93 10-5 8.9. Ü Ü. ·>. 40 40 -. 13.48 9.5. 88.01 64.79. 74.53 54.29. 0.537 0.737 27.14. 0.214 0.259 6.95. 1.28 10-4 3.67 10-4 65.12. Ü Ü. ·>. 0 0. 24.58 43.68. 24.58 43.68. 1.22 0.69 -43.4. 0.7 0.14 -79.58. 0.55 0.3. 1.11 0.97. 0.56 0.67. -. 0.74 0.16 -78.4. 30 30 (%). &j -. &j(%). -3 -3. -0.9. -. 0.26 20.34. 25.48 43.68. 24.32 23.34. -. 0.73 0.14 -8.1. -. ². KCG-2. -. 0.21 -. 0.97 -. 0.76 -. -. 3.9 -. -. ². 28 29.2. 0.9 1.75. 61.11 56.88. 60.21 55.13. 0.46 0.53. 0.15 0.24. 1.89 10-4 4.01 10-4. 13.21. 66.7. 112.17. -. 0.08 0.15 87.5. -. 8.3~8.5m 40.5~41.8m 73.3~73.6m (%). &j &j(%). 4.3 -. 0.89 32.28. Ã&~&, 'z æöBº j·>ï 7%~366.8%, R>ïê>& 15.1%~114.9% Ã&~ z«ö V¢ · ~² ¾æ¾º ©j r > ® . æWz Þîzf 1~ ¶ò<ö ì ¾î Ò* &>Wþ ¶ò~ Cö ^B& ®Ú R>ïê>~ & jº W ìbæ j·>ïj 164.4% Ã& ©b ¾æ¾ ® . ¶òº ~ 'z æöB >{2êö ~ æ~>ÖÂï Ã&Î"º ç&'b Ô º ©j Ò~º © . '˺* >{2êþ~ '˲ Úæº '˺*¢ ;W' b ï&~º O»f þ; "ö &G; ®Ú >{2êþ 7 6º þ *Áê~ &>W þö G ;B >*;~ ¶ò¦V ÖbË~ æ~>vª ·ç~ 6.2.. Ü Ü ·> ®ïö 1.14Ü10 ·>, &G; 1.13Ü10 1.01 10-3 1.25 10-4 -86.48. KCG-1. ~Öÿ[([) KCG-2. 31.15. ·>. 61.11 56.88. 60.22 24.60. Ü Ü. ·> ². æz¢ ï&~º © . C 12B²~ þ 7 4B²ö B '˺*¢ º; > ®º ¶ò& >÷>îb Table 6ö ~& . G-1~ ãÖº >{2êþ bj 25 kg/cm ~ {Kb "«bB ç~V*b 82.7 m ç æ6ö *~ &G;~ æ~>*& £ 0.56 m ;ê çß © . &G;"~ Òº ~ º·ö ¦æB ¾&æ ç¾ >ÿÒ îj~ ~Â;çb j ~ çj ã æb º;B . >{2ê¢ 2002j 1ú 31¢ Jê 3 23ª¦V ·~&º &G;öBº 57ª ê¦V æ~>*& BB ® çß~ & "«B 1* 13ª êöº & 0.56 m ;êræ çß ê BB® ~;~V ·~& . ^ þ;öBº "«B ê 4ª êö & 25 kg/cm ræ 6.2.1. G-1. 2. 2. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 74~85, 2003.
(9) ;çÁn«WÁJJ'Á";Á*Ò>Áff"Áf;>ÁW~Áö;. 82. Fig. 8. Groundwater level patterns before and after hydrofracturing at GW-1 well field. Fig. 7. Time-groundwater level and temperature during hydrofracturing at G-1 well.. >{ çß>î & BB® ~;>îb 14ª ÿn " «~& . þ;j 7b ÿÁÎÁB OËb £ 5 m ç ~ 3B~ &G; *~~º þ; 1 >{2ê þ *Áê~ &>W þ æ~>* ;~ç& Fig. 8 ö ê>Ú ® . Fig. 8öB 77 m d j>N Ò*&>W þ þ; æ~>*& 35.4 mræ ~;ö V¢ ÿã ~ &G; GH-1f 15.7 m, Îã~ &G; GH-2º 4.5 m Ò Bã~ &G; GH-3f 5.7 m ~;~ ÿã~ GH-1 &G;~ æ~>*& 2~3V Ôj^B ®; ç¢ & . >, 66.2 m d ~ j>N Òê &>W þöº þ;~ æ~>*& 13.1 mræ ~;ö V ¢ GH-1f 9.3 m, GH-2º 6.2 m Ò GH-3f 7.7 m ~;>Ú Ò* &>Wþf jv~ GH-1f 6.4 m 6.2.2. GW-1. 3 −1. 3 −1. & Ôjê > GH-2 5 GH-3öBº '' 1.7 mf 2.0 m& z Ôjr . º 53 kg/cm {Kb >{2êþö ~ ÖbË~ >ã 5.4 mræº V &¢ ² {Ë B æ~>& ' OËöB ;'b F«B ö V ~º ©b CB . 2. 5 KCG-2 þ;*~ *~ Òº 47.9 m N& &Û 3.3 m ;ê jò ¯æ~ ïê jîö O;>î. . . KCG-1;f ú~ ç&, ç&'b ¸f * ~ KCG-2º æ~ 0.45 mö æ~>*& ®î . KCG-1 Öbf >{2ê êöê KCG-1~ >vº *® ú ~ ç&b¾, KCG-2 ÖböB >{2ê êö æ~ >*º KCG-1 æ~ 2.1 m, KCG-2& æ~ 2.8 m Ô² ;W>î . Ò KCG-2öB >{2ê KCG-1" KCG-2öB ® z²ï [6Æ(?)& D b ÆÂ>î . ¢ Îê ê~ Fig. 9f ? . Fig. 9¢ KCG-2 Öbj V&b æ~ 32 m~ 48 m Òö ª~ ®º b{[ö KCG-2öB 6.2.3. KCG-1. Table 6. Impact Distances by Hydrofracturing. þ; >*;~(m) &G;1(m) &G;2(m) &G;3(m) ® Ò Ò* Òê Ò Ò* Òê Ò Ò* Òê Ò Ò* Òê G-1 0 &{ - 82.7 0 +0.5 − − − − − −. GW-1. 0. 35.4. 13.1. 4.5. 15.7. 9.3. 5. 4.5. 6.2. 5.4. 5.7. 7.7. KCG-1. 0. 9.8. 4.1. 5.52. 7.36. 3.97. 12.73. 2.77. 3.56. −. −. −. KYA-1. 0. ú~. 2.1. 47.9. 0.45. 2.8. −. −. −. −. −. −. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 74~85, 2003. j HF &G;>*çß HF ² B HF ² B HF [6Æ ÿ, b{[ 2ê.
(10) >{2êV»ö ~ æ~> ·>ï Ã&(II). 83. Fig. 9. Groundwater variation before and after hydrofracturing at KCG-1 & KCG-2 well field.. KCG-1 ãb &'ê ãÒê ²[ B~, [ö 7ÒB z²ï [6Æ& KCG-2 öB 49 kg/cm {K~ >{2ê &J KCG-1 b ÆÂ>îbæ ÖbËöB '˺*º 'Úê 47.9 m ç¢ ç;B . ^ KCG-1 öBº O ê 41.4 m~ 1ê >{2êþöBº jZ 6{*ç ìîæò O. ê 47.6 m 2ê þöBº 6{*ç" þ '.ï ûb ÆÂ>î, KCG-2öB >{2ê ê z²ï b KCG-1öB VÂ>îbæ &Ú'b b {[~ [êº ² 6.2 m çb ï&B . >{2êþ êö æ~>*& Ôjê ©f b{ [ ~¦ &>[~ æ~>*~ >vræ Ôjê ©b C> . ¶F&>[~ >v £ 2.4 m ;ê Ô jê ©b º;B . 2. ÏÖw²zö æ~> V.ÒÏb O;B Öb Fig. 10ö êB :f ? ÿãb 5.52 m, Bãb 12.73 m Òö &G; J~>Ú ® . VBê 19 kg/cm ~ >{2ê þ *~ j>N 40 m d ·> ;~B æ~>* ·çö j~ ?f j>N þêö ·> æ~>*~ ;~B ·çf 6 6.2.4. KYA-1. 2. 3 −1. Fig. 10. Groundwater level patterns before and after hydrofracturing at KYA-1 well field.. ~² ¢^ ® . ¯, ÿã~ KYA(T) &G;öB æ~>* ;~ ·ç ç ® BFB ©b ¾æ¾ ®Ú 'Úê >ã 5.52 m ræº { ~² 'Ëj & ©b , Bãb 12.73 m ÎÚê &G; KYA(O)öB æ~>* ;~& . ô B ©b j æ~>~ F« ² B~ ®rj r > ® . ¦;' Î" B²~ þ; 7öB KCG-1 1B Öbf > {2ê ¦;' Î"¢ ¾æÚ ® . 6.3. 12. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 74~85, 2003.
(11) ;çÁn«WÁJJ'Á";Á*Ò>Áff"Áf;>ÁW~Áö;. 84. Table 7. Negative Effect from Hydrofracturing at KCG-1 & KCG-2 Well Field. ® KCG-1. Ò* 1.22. j·>ï(m d Òê. 3 −1. ). 6²N(%). 0.69. R>ïê>(m d ) Ò* Òê 6²N(%) 3 −1. 43.4. Öbf >{2ê *Áê ® ú~ ç& b¾, 2êþ êö >v& Â]~² Ôjê ©j 6æ > ®î . Fig. 9öB º :f ? ê 41.4 mö B 1ê þ º jZ æz& ìîb¾, 2ê ê 47.6 mö O ¢ J~~ þ '.ï ûb ÆÂ>î . º ç¦ö ®º ² vþ 6.2 m ç b{[ ~ö O & ËO>Ú ~¦ö 7ÒB ;[~ &>[ [Ò¢ V~ && {Ë>Ú ¾æ  *ç, ;[~ &>[~ b{>vræ æ~>* & ;~>º Ö"¢ .¾ © . ¾ 2ê >{2êþ KCG-1ö *&~² ¦;' 'Ëj " æº p~j ©b 6B . ¦;' Î"º 2003j 10ú 31¢ ?f Æ Jö KCG-2öB >{2êþöB .¾>î . r KCG-2öB ï~ z²ï [6Æ& ÆÂ>î , ¢ KCG-1 ~ Òê &>W þ ÆÂB æ~>~ bê .~ '.ïöB ÿf z²ï Úæ z ²ïb æ ©b Ú j KCG-2~ >{2 ê · Öb Òö BB [ö 7ÒB 6Æ& &J KCG-1~ &¢ öïB ¾æ *çb CB . KCG-1 ¶Ú~ >{2ê b{>vº ² 6² çæò, ÖÂïöº KCG-2~ >{2ê& ² 'Ëj ©b º;B . Table 7öB r > ®º :f ? KCG-1~ Ò*ÁÒê &>Wþ Ö" j·>ïf 1.22 m d öB 0.69 43.4%¾ 6²~&, R>ïê>ê 0.7 m d öB 0.14 m d 79.6%& 6² ~& . Î~ ÖÂï 6²º ö çw ;ê ~ &>[~ æz& *B>Ú¢ ~º [6Æ~ öï ò çj J« * > ® . *çf ËV*ö û(Surging) ~ ÖbÓ ² ÿB [6Æ¢ aÚê" ÿö ç¦~ ¶F &>[öB 2êB îj Û~ b{&>[ ~¦ö b Ï*>Ú ¶F &>[~ çö ê~² >, Öb~ ÖÂïf ç ® BFF ©b 6B . -² ËV' &6öBº [6Æ~ ÿö ~ V~ öïê ¦;' Î"¢ " >º ì º Ò . ò, ËK ®º *^&ö ~ '. ;^& Ò& & F © .. 0.7. 3 −1. 3 −1. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 74~85, 2003. 79.6. 7.. KCG-1. 3 −1. 0.14. j. Ö . öB >{2êV»ö ~ æ~> ÖÂï Ã& º &Ë~ 3;' . ò, æî 5 æÚö V¢ B Ëj 5 2êV»~ F" 'ÏöB ?NB VF jº ö . ö V¢ ÖÂïö Ã&;êê ç º*ræº . &Ë ©b º;B . ò, VFf Öb" " æ~ &>[~ bÒ' VËj ËçÒ > ®j ö, ËV*ö b~ /ËKj ~º ©f j 6j ª«® ~¢ © . &¦ª~ &Ö Öbf Öb¾ " &>[~ bÒ ' VË~ &~ö ~ ÖÂï 'ÚæV º Öb bj æ³'b / "º ³¦ />ö(source) ì V r^ö ÖÂï 7¶V 6²>º ãÖ& ô B~ ®º © .. B Öb~ BB ÖÂï ¸² ï&B Öb &ÿ ê âî æ¾æ pjB ÖÂï &6>Ú ¦ j к ©f Öb~ VË Ôj^B¢V º &>[ ö &~B b "¯j> ¦~² >Ú B>º ãÖ & z z® B~ ®V r^, rº '; j> ïj ."~æ pê Öbj &Ò~º © 7º~ " ¯j>º .V¢ F © . V¢B Zí 7º ©f Öb~ BB æ~ > &~ï ³¦ ö "7~ BBÆ F~~¢ © .. 6Ò~ & º 21^V *Ú BB Òë >¶ö~ æ³' {VF BB~ j æö("B®^ 3-4-1)ö ~ >¯>îÛî . ö 6Òãî .. ^^ò æ~>Ò, JvÛ¦/>¶öÒ(2001). *ç>ê Ú'Á&Ò BF&k, ~㦠ç~>ê(2002. 3) B¶ò. 3. æ~>Ò, JvÛ¦/>¶öÒ(2000). 1. 2..
(12) >{2êV»ö ~ æ~> ·>ï Ã&(II). ;ç , >{2ê Ãþ 5 æ~>Ï æOç> ê &ÒBFOn , "VF¦, B*¶ò. 5. ;ç , >{2êV»ö ~ æ~> ·>ï Ã&, æ~>Æ·~ã², 7(2), (2002). 4.. 6. ASTM, D4645-87 (Reapproved 1997) Standard Test Method of Determination of the In-Situ Stress in Rock Using the Hydraulic Fracturing Method1 (1987). 7. , , , 15(4), (1999). 8. ( ), ( ) , TB-11(5 ) TB-16(5 ) (2000). 9. ( ), 3 , (4 ) (4 ) (2000). 10. ( ), (2 ) (5 )(2001). 11. , 3 ( ) , TH-4(3 ), TH-7(4 )(2000). 12. ( ) , 3 ( ) (5 )(2000). 13. ( ) , (8 )(1990). 14. ( ) , , 7 , 3 (4 ) 1 (3 ) (1999). 15. , ( ) ,2 ( ): (7 )(1998). 16. , ( ) ( 10 ). Wë F~j»Væ Jê¢ * &ê ãÒöB~ >{2ê .VwKC æ>² ¢^÷ &âÖë " 7F {² ·>* F*Æ JÒ æ> Ò B : V6 5 : V6 &âÖë " Ó" ç"* ³ê JÒ B Æî ÒB z§V6 5 ÂV6 &ÖJ " WÎ Ë^ö* êBJ JÒ æ >ÒB âWbÖ Ö ç§* B ËÿV6 ê{ËÒ Æ îÒB " &Ö Ö ç§* B ËÿV6 ê{ËÒ Æ îÒB " &Ö 'ÿF ÿWÖ êêÖ ÆêJ JÒ æ> ÒB " &Ö FJê ã¾F F*Æ JÒ æ >B W· V6 5;2 V6 «Á êÒ BÞ#B~³ê ãB êö* JÒ Jê ÆîÒB Ë ^ö ÒN Ö V6* êÒ *> · Ö Ë> * ³ê B . 85. JÒ æ>ÒB(5) (2000). êÒ, *>-·* ³ê(B10) JÒ (ÂÂ-Ëê) æ>ÒB(2) (2000). 18. êÒ, *"-·(Ö-Ë>)* ³ê(B3) JÒ æ>ÒB(2) (2000). 19. >¶öÒ, ê;6 6 5 ¦&JÒ æîÒ B(7)(2002). 20. *&J("), Ó"-ç"* ³ê JÒ B3 Æî ÒB, TB-10(4) 5 TB-20(4)(2000). 21. *&J("), âVF, §-·(>Ò*) êBï JÒ T/K JêÏ ÆîÒB, >V6 «Á (10), ëêV6 «ÁÂ(5)(1999). 22. *&J, *&úæîÚç("), æ~Æ 9-12 JÒ æ>æîÒB(9)(2001). 23. *&ÖëBB("), (")zúæîÚç, ·s(ëêÒ *) æÚ êBï JÒ ÆîÒB, ëê 3(3), 4V 6(7)*(2000). 24. *&ÖëBB("), 7F({²-·>*) F*Æ JÒ æ>ÒB, : V6(4) (2000). 17.. 25. Heim, Underground Excavation in Rocks, Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, London, pp. 97, (1980). 26. Heok. E. and Brown E., T., Underground Excauvations in Rocks, Institute of mining and Metallurgy, London. pp. 9899 (1980). 27. , , (2002). 28. Driscoll, P.G., Groundwater and Wells (2nd Ed.) (1986). 29. , , (1982).. f>; ~ æîö ' Jê;> êÂö & ;Ò* ¢^ ;ç æ~> B ;'Ò. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 74~85, 2003.
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관련 문서
In this study, the variation of indoor and soil radon concentrations were measured at a test bed (detached house), and correlation analysis was performed using linear regression..
Maximum actually measured earth pressure was 7.4 ton/m 2 and showed similar value to maximum value of empirical earth pressure of 7.0~7.6ton/m 2 and from this we can see that
