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Aspergillus fumigatus infection in Jackass penguin

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(1)³¤¥“Èó. * .* a. (2004) 44 4 Korean J Vet Res(2004) 44(4) : 615~619. ¶šÊÓêö**R"TQFSHJMMVTGVNJHBUVT$Ã. B Á`W~Á¶zÁ~J

(2). ÏÎ&L >~& &*ÿ>ö ÿ>÷ö (²Òߞ: 2004j 10ú 5¢) 1. Aspergillus fumigatus infection in Jackass penguin (Spheniscus demersus) Kyoo-Tae Kim1*, Sung-Whan Cho, Hwa-Young Son and Si-Yun Ryu College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea 1 Wild Animal Hospital, Daejeon Zoo Land, Daejeon 301-212, Korea (Accepted: October 5, 2004) Abstract : A three years old male Jackass penguin(Spheniscus demersus) showed anorexia, depression, respiratory problem for a few days, followed by clinical treatment for 20 days resulted in death. Grossly, multiple white nodules measuring 2~3 mm in diameter were observed in the surface of and inside lung, liver, kidney, thoracic wall. Microscopically, granuloma formations were observed in the lung and liver. The margin of granuloma surrounded by connective tissue barrier and infiltrated lymphocytes, and also observed giant cell near the granuloma. By Periodic acid Schiff reaction, hyphae were detected in granuloma of lung and liver. This case was a chronic and systemic aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus infection in a Jackass penguin at a zoo. Key words : Jackass penguin, Aspergillus fumigatus, granuloma. * †. Tunev  [19]ö ~~š jÊ¢îÊö ~‚ 1N' ž 6"f "‚ ^‡Vö “‚>¾, jÊ¢îÊš V²6"~ ßWç šš &~B ?"~ ãÖ *, ò f ?f îËVö Žº~ 2N' 6"j ۂ * W jÊ¢îÊÃj FB~Vê ~–, –~öBº 6 " ^‡ ¦, »6, ŽÞ ~ ªçÃçj ÿ>~ Vê ‚ [3, 8, 14]. "– > j * Óê [12, 13, 16]j j•‚ jj (loons) [9], bî~ [7] ~ ¢–>öB jÊ¢îÊ Ãö &‚ ôf B& ®îb–, “ÚöBê æ– [6, 18], Ò¾ [4], B [17] öB B& ®îb ¾ jÊ¢îÊÃö 6>Wš ¸f Óêö &šBº 'ž B& ìÚ, &*ÿböö ÒG7ž ¶ šÊÓêöB B‚ A. fumigatus 6"ö ~‚ jÊ¢ îÊÃö &š ¢ ~¶ ‚ .. jÊ¢îÊÃ(Aspergillosis)f Aspergillus³~ G šö ~š ¢Ú¾º î÷b‚ Ò²j

(3) Ž‚ &¦ª~ ÿböB B~º ž>Û*"÷b‚ ß® –~öB ~ B& ôb– ÚÖ ¢_ö 6" ¸f š~N " ~ÒNj FB~² >–, «· ~ î~š¾ Êr‚ šB Rö ~š ?"&“Kš &~B Wê 6º ÷ jÒöB B÷j ~–, 6‚ ÿbööB ÒG7ž Óê ö ®ÚBº malariaf z®Ú "º öÒöžÚ‚ rJ ^ ® [3, 6, 8, 18]. –~~ jÊ¢îÊÃj FB~º ©f "‚ A. fumigatusf A. flavus& "º öžÚš–, š ö ~š B>º 벞 aflatoxin, fumigatoxin, hemolysin, gliotoxin ~ ë²& î÷FB" öÒö ç 7' öžš > ® [1, 8].. *Corresponding author: Kyoo-Tae Kim Wild Animal Hospital, Daejeon Zoo Land, Daejeon 301-212, Korea [Tel: +82-42-580-4861, Fax: +82-42-580-4867, E-mail: [email protected]]. 615.

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(6) ¢ ~ 4 µm vþ ~ –ç.Þj ò Ú î2¢f ¾Ò ê hematoxylin & eosin(H&E)" Periodic acid schiff(PAS) "ïj ~ 7*ãb‚ &V~& . ^'¦Ò ¦¦ ê îËVf ãö žö ÖÒB Wï Ö.j Sabouraud dextrose agar(SDA)ö 37 C 5¢* V·j ~ &b–, f  [1]~ O»b‚ V·B ÷£j &çb‚ giemsa "ïj ~ V·÷£~ ï, η, "ïê Ï ï~ FZ, ª¶~ η b‚ ÷£j ÿ;~& . 6ã‚~ º; Dykstra  [10]~ O»j wÏ~ B‚ ÓêÒG Ë" ž7‚ ÿbҞ FžöÒ, ÿbj &çb‚ 6" ¦¢ –Ò~ 6"ア º;~& .. Fig. 1. Noted white nodule in the thoracic wall of Jackass penguin.. o. Ö . öÒB ¶šÊÓêö &‚ ¦¦j ~ &VB Gn' ²Òf ^‡V "æj 7b‚ V&" oã, ö~ Ršö 2~3 mm ’V~ Wï Ö.š *>'b‚ ÖҚ ®º ©j &V† > ®î . Fig. 1öB º : f ?š ã oãöº 5~7 mm~ jv' – Ö.j & V† > ®îb–, * Rš, Ë ~ "º ËVöBê ÖÒB BW~ Wï Ö.š &V>î (Fig. 2). ÷Җç'b‚ BW~ Gj«W ÷æš ö, V &, VÓ, *, Ë öB &V>îb–, Fig. 3öB  º :f ?š Gj« 7¦º ZÒ^

(7) f Òö ~‚ "ÃW bî‚ &;j & jÖ ®îb– >ôf lymphocytesf z®Ú 榺 fibroblastsö ~š jê >Ú ®º ©š &V>î . 6‚ Fig. 4öB º :f ?š š£W Gj«W Ö .š ;WB " -æ pf "º ֏–çb‚ Ë. Fig. 2. Liver. Multiple nodules of liver surface of Jackass penguin.. Fig. 3. Lung. The granuloma infiltrated of lymphocytes and fibroblasts in the parabronchus (PAS, ×40).. ãj šÚ «{‚ ’ªj j ®îb–, ZÒ² "æ öº 

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(9) ¶šÊÓêöB *R Aspergillus fumigatus $Ã. Fig. 4. Lung. The connective tissue barrier surround granulomatous caseous necrosis (PAS, ×40).. 617. Fig. 7. Aspergillus fumigatus gimesa stain showing conidial heads (×200). Table 1. Survey on fungi prevalence of neighboring Jackass peguins vivarium. Fig. 5. Lung. The hyphae are showed PAS staining and also observed vacuole degeneration (PAS, ×200).. No. Place. Identification. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7. Vivarium of Penguin Aisle of Penguin keeper Cage of Penguin External fur of Eurasian Otter Aisle of Primate keeper Vivarium of Primate Office of Primate keeper. A. fumigatus A. fumigatus A. fumigatus Aspergillus spp A. fumigatus A. fumigatus A. flavus. ©j &V† > ®î .. îËVf ãö žö ÖÒB Wï Ö.j SDAö 7«~ 37 C 5¢* V·j ‚ Ö" zŸï~ Î Ùη~ ÷£š &V>îb– š¢ giemsa "ïj. ‚ Ö"º Fig. 7" ? . "ï‚ ÒÚº Ïïš ®  ‚ B~ vesicle *ö > šÒ~º ª¶& &V š >Ú A. fumigatus‚ ÿ;š >î . 6‚ ž""æ ÿbÒö &‚ ¶šÊ ÓêÚ " Ò Z , &Ҷۂ, ž7 ÒG>º >~ žÎ  7~ þ2j j~ ê6"¦¢ V·, –Ò‚ Ö" Table 1" ?š Îvö ®Ú A. fumigatus& ¦Âš >î  FžöÒ ÒZ öB A. flavus& ¦Â>î . o.  V. Fig. 6. Jackass penguin, lung. The multinucleated giant cells in the lung (PAS, ×400).. ïö ~š jÊ¢îÊ Ò& Gj«~ 7¦f æ ¦ö Â]š "ï>Ú ®º ©š &Vš >î (Fig. 5). Gj«W Ö.~ 榺 Fig. 6öB º :f ?š –&^

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(24) ¶šÊÓêöB *R Aspergillus fumigatus $Ã. f A. flavus& ¦Â>î .. ^^ò. B9², Bß , BZ. ªçê. pp. 225-227,  , 1993. ÎJ~ 8I,. BÞ Òò7~ Gšf Gš ë²ö &‚ ^B 2. &k, ‚“&.²æ. 1994, 21, 113-117. ;6"ÎÏ&˂ 3. . >~÷Ò'†. pp. 97-154, >~÷ÒÞ R*ö² /*>, R, 7" â,, 2000. š9Ò, ªjë, êI8, ª÷Z. 4. Aspergillus sp 6"ö ~‚  ;Ëï~ Gj«W . ‚“&»*²æ. 1998, 21, 407-411. ËÖ.*Bf 5. . Óê~ êz. ‚“æ’"²æ. 1999, 20, `652-658. ãJ, ;ÎÏ, ;^¢, šÖ. æ–öB B‚ j 6. Ê¢îÊÃ. ‚“ªç>~²æ. 2001, 18, 174-. 12.. 1.. 177. 7. Astorga, R. J., Cubero, M. J. and Leon, L. Serological survey of infections in waterfowl in the Guadalquivir marshes. Avian Dis. 1994, 38, 371-375. 8. Chute, H. L. and Richard, J. L. Fungal infections. In: Disease of Poultry. pp. 351-360, 10th ed. Calnek, B.W. (ed). Mosby-Wolfe, Iowa, 1997. 9. Daoust, P. Y., Conboy, G., McBurney, S. and Burgess, N. Interactive mortality factors in common loons from Maritime Canada. J. Wildl. Dis. 1998, 34, 524-531. 10. Dykstra, M. J., Loomis, M., Reininger, K., Zombeck, D. and Faucette, T. A comparison of sampling methods for airborne fungal spores during an outbreak of aspergillosis in the forest aviary of the north carolina zoological park. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 1997, 28, 454-463. 11. Graczyk, T. K., Cranfield, M. R. and Klein, P. N. Value of antigen and antibody detection and blood. 13.. 14.. 15.. 16.. 17.. 18.. 19.. 619. evaluation parameters in diagnosis of avian invasive aspergillosis. Mycopathologia. 1997, 140, 121-127. Graczyk, T. K. and Cranfield, M. R. Maternal transfer of anti-Aspergillus spp. immunoglobulins in African black footed penguins. J. Wildl. Dis. 1995, 31, 545-549. Graczyk, T. K. and Cockrem, J. F. Aspergillus spp seropositivity in New Zealand penguins. Mycopathologia. 1995, 131, 179-184. Johnes, T. C. and Hunt, R. D. Aspergillosis. In Veterinary Pathology. pp. 667-669, 5th ed. Johnes T.C., Hunt R.D. (ed). Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1983. Julian, R. J. and Goryo, M. Pulmonary aspergillosis causing right ventricular failure and ascites in meat type chickens. Avian Pathol. 1990, 19, 643-654. Karesh, W. B., Uhart, M. M., Frere, E., Gandini, P., Braselton, W. E., Puche, H. and Cook, R. A. Health evaluation of free-ranging rockhopper penguins in Argentina. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 1999, 30, 25-31. Kim, S. H., Hwang, C. Y., Yoon, J. H., Youn, H. Y., Yoshioka, N., Kano, R. and Hasegawa, A. Aspergillus niger pulmonary infection in a dog. Jpn. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 2003, 65, 1139-1140. Matsuda, K., Seol, M. S., Kim, Y. J., Valieryevna, Y. I., Lee, H. J. and Lim, C. W. Chroinc Aspergillus fumigatus infection in a Ostrich (Struthio camelus). J. Vet. Clin. Med. 2002, 19, 107-109. Tunev, S. S., Ehrhart, E. J., Jensen, H. E., Foremen, J. H., Richter, R. A. and Messick, J. B. Necrotizing mycotic vasculitis with cerebral infarction caused by Aspergillus niger in a horse with acute typhlocolitis. Vet. Pathol. 1999, 36, 347-351..

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