Environmental Geochemistry and Contamination Assessment of the Tohyun Mine Creek, Korea

전체 글

(1) , 34, 5 , 471-483, 2001 Econ. Environ. Geol., 34(5), 471-483, 2001.

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(3) . . . . Environmental Geochemistry and Contamination Assessment of the Tohyun Mine Creek, Korea Chan Hee Lee1, Hyun Koo Lee1*, Jong Chang Lee1 and Seo-Ryeong Jeon2 1. Department of Geology, Chungnam National University, Taejon 305-764, Korea Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561-756, Korea. 2. The pH values of the mine and surface water from the Tohyun mine creek were higher compared with those of groundwater, and 2nd round samples in same sites were even alkaline. The stream and mine waters belong to the characteristics of (Ca+Mg)-(SO4) and (Ca+Mg)-(HCO3) types, and groundwaters have to the (Ca+Mg+Na+K)(HCO3+SO4) type. As the 2nd samples, concentrations of mostly anions are increasing compared with the former samples. However, the mostly cation concentrations are decreasing. The hydrogeochemistry indicate that water quality is different chemical characteristics and evolution trends. The range of δD and δ18O values (relative to SMOW) in the waters are shown in -62.2 to -70.1 and -8.1 to -9.4 . The values are plotted parallel to δD=8δ18O+ (6 4). The d values of groundwater show 2.4, which is lower than the surface (5.2) and mine (7.6) waters. Strontium concentrations range from 0.028 to 11.844 mg/l in all kinds of water samples, but the groundwater has the highest contents. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7115 to 0.7129) show more lightened to the groundwater. The δ18O value, Ca and Sr contents are decreased with 87Sr/86Sr increasing, because it is support to the altitude effects of the sampling sites rather than a water-rock interaction of environmental isotope. Using computer code of WATEQ4F, saturation indices of albite, quartz, gibssite and gypsum are calculated to be soluble. The calcite and dolomite show super saturation state, however, clay mineral species are plotted boundary between undersaturation and supersaturation. In the Tohyun mine creek, reaction materials with ore wastes and precipitation have influence upon increasing EC and TDS of the waters independent of pH. The SO4 concentrations in the mine water is 181.845 mg/l. This is abruptly increase in surface water and then detected 249.927 mg/l in the groundwater. As a results of the calculated sulfate mineral solubilities, the sulfate ions became saturation states an above 150 mg/l concentrations.. . . . Tohyun mine creek, hydrogeochemistry, environmental isotope, saturation index.

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(24) . . ()(*+( ,-./*) 0 0/10 *10.+/+2(0+. 13 4+( . )(. 31. +,( $1,-20. /0( *((5 F (mg/l). TDS* (mg/l). D ( ). . δ18O ( ). . d value. 3.170 3.897. 0.233 0.295. 480.5 459.4. -67.5 -67.1. -9.4 -9.3. 7.7 7.3. 0.71293 0.71291. nd na nd na nd na. 3.592 3.457 2.969 3.473 2.972 3.653. 0.242 0.277 0.169 0.280 0.174 0.280. 539.7 465.3 450.1 457.9 632.0 468.7. -66.1 -65.8 -66.7 -67.2 -66.3 -67.2. -9.3 -9.2 -9.2 -9.2 -9.3 -9.2. 8.3 7.8 6.9 6.4 8.1 6.4. 0.71236 0.71284 0.71227 0.71284 0.71237 0.71281. 52.960 72.843 160.832 287.099. nd na nd na. 3.138 3.575 2.203 3.061. 0.221 0.267 0.141 0.245. 471.5 458.5 364.7 484.4. na -67.1 -70.1 -64.9. na -9.2 -9.2 -8.9. na 6.5 3.5 6.3. na00 0.71280 0.71224 0.71221. nd na. 159.181 286.449. nd na. 2.221 3.129. 0.152 0.235. 364.9 474.9. na -65.1. na -8.8. na 5.3. na00 0.71221. 6.435 1.592 8.304 8.587. nd na nd na. 150.930 267.347 146.250 230.661. nd na nd na. 2.946 3.432 3.778 4.772. 0.153 0.240 0.147 0.214. 367.3 452.4 369.6 433.5. -63.9 -65.2 na -64.7. -9.0 -8.8 na -8.7. 8.1 5.2 na 4.9. 0.71230 0.71222 na00 0.71224. nd na nd na nd na. 8.857 19.689 18.387 22.530 18.068 22.833. nd na nd na nd na. 157.867 198.864 133.803 238.045 135.159 249.927. nd na nd na nd na. 4.302 7.338 9.867 11.420 9.863 12.756. 0.156 0.226 0.259 0.307 0.257 0.213. 376.8 409.0 634.6 642.8 645.3 665.8. na -62.2 -67.4 -65.8 na -66.0. na -8.1 -8.7 -8.5 na -8.5. na 2.6 2.2 2.2 na 2.0. na00 0.71231 0.71147 0.71145 0.71149 0.71151. nd nd nd. 2.380 2.769 20.455. nd nd nd. 70.169 204.248 189.234. nd nd nd. 3.390 3.718 10.977. 0.244 0.191 0.259. 488.4 409.5 647.3. -66.8 -65.2 -66.4. -9.3 -8.8 -8.6. 7.6 5.2 2.4. 0.71268 0.71225 0.71148. 981028 990427. 7.84 8.01. 15.3 15.2. -36 -55. 479 440. 297.5 318.5. nd na. 2.941 2.394. nd na. 65.722 66.994. nd na. 981028 990427 981028 990427 981028 990427. 7.86 8.19 7.94 8.21 8.06 8.10. 15.3 15.1 15.4 15.0 15.3 13.1. -37 -66 -41 -65 -47 -59. 431 464 419 447 634 480. 387.5 327.4 328.0 317.9 306.3 313.3. nd na nd na nd na. 1.056 2.419 0.794 2.464 1.655 4.242. nd na nd na nd na. 30.900 64.775 21.134 66.608 181.845 77.904. 981028 990427 981028 TH-6 surface water 990427. 8.77 8.44 7.65 7.53. 14.9 12.9 14.8 10.1. -81 -77 -27 -29. 488 467 420 487. 305.1 309.1 115.3 125.1. nd na nd na. 1.066 4.773 0.952 0.983. nd na nd na. 981028 990427. 8.93 8.27. 15.0 17.6. -88 -68. 413 446. 119.0 117.8. nd na. 1.699 0.594. 981028 990427 981028 TH-9 surface water 990427. 8.67 8.29 8.51 8.61. 13.8 17.9 14.5 17.9. -74 -71 -68 -87. 429 483 430 456. 122.0 116.5 125.7 127.5. nd na nd na. 981028 990427 981028 TH-11 groundwater 990427 981028 TH-12 groundwater 990427. 9.10 9.20 7.74 7.88 7.52 7.91. 14.6 21.9 17.2 16.0 16.1 16.3. -97 -116 -31 -48 -21 -49. 429 441 799 651 805 642. 120.5 123.3 267.9 262.4 272.7 270.3. Mean-1 (mean of mine water) 8.14 Mean-2 (mean of surface water) 8.48 Mean-3 (mean of groundwater) 7.76. 14.8 15.8 16.4. -56 -73 -37. 475 443 724. 321.1 121.3 268.3. TH-1. mine water. TH-2. mine water. TH-3. mine water. TH-4. mine water. TH-5. mine water. TH-7 surface water TH-8 surface water. TH-10 surface water. . Eh EC HCO3 NO2 NO3 (mV) (µS/cm) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l). PO4 (mg/l). SO4 (mg/l). Br Cl (mg/l) (mg/l). .

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(37) !" ". 87. Sr/86Sr. . pH. T (oC). No.. Sample Sampling description date.

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(39) . No.. ()(*+( *+/10 *10.+/+2(0+. ! 13 4+( . )(. 31. +,( $1,-20. /0( *((5. As. Ba. Ca. Cd. Co. Cr. Cu. Fe. K. Li. Mg. Mn. Na. Ni. Pb. 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.083 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.008 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001. 0.240 0.231 0.055 0.241 0.043 0.250 0.236 0.321 0.292 0.288 0.121 0.058 0.101 0.057 0.084 0.054 0.103 0.044 0.106 0.063 0.031 0.016 0.014 0.015. 0.064 0.055 0.045 0.056 0.103 0.056 0.035 0.051 0.056 0.052 0.024 0.023 0.025 0.023 0.033 0.027 0.037 0.044 0.034 0.043 0.127 0.105 0.125 0.097. 58.382 36.068 52.534 34.540 40.822 34.536 59.098 35.291 53.290 34.718 36.494 30.378 36.745 29.292 39.201 29.228 41.158 30.091 41.789 30.419 75.317 39.985 76.076 40.815. nd 0.001 nd 0.001 nd 0.001 0.005 0.001 nd 0.002 0.001 0.004 nd 0.003 nd 0.002 nd 0.001 nd 0.001 nd 0.001 nd nd. nd nd nd nd nd 0.001 nd 0.001 nd 0.001 nd 0.001 nd 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 nd nd 0.001 0.001 nd. 0.002 nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.003 nd 0.001 nd 0.001 nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd 0.002. nd 0.007 nd 0.007 nd 0.005 0.028 0.004 0.005 0.013 0.222 0.125 0.049 0.056 0.016 0.037 0.011 0.021 0.008 0.016 nd 0.005 0.048 0.002. 0.004 0.104 nd 0.110 nd 0.106 0.452 0.102 0.013 0.098 nd 0.105 0.008 0.115 0.007 0.106 0.010 0.107 0.018 0.105 0.002 0.113 0.010 0.103. 1.397 0.806 3.305 0.992 2.393 0.970 2.574 1.090 2.163 1.086 1.214 0.698 1.154 0.734 1.113 0.715 1.387 0.733 1.626 1.061 3.200 1.231 3.221 1.265. 0.016 na 0.020 na 0.014 na 0.019 na 0.016 na 0.004 na 0.004 na 0.004 na 0.004 na 0.004 na 0.407 na 0.406 na. 31.398 19.050 41.198 20.243 37.647 20.505 57.671 21.484 34.369 20.897 34.772 29.489 33.138 27.936 32.918 26.693 31.338 24.299 30.548 20.920 26.032 13.297 26.375 13.537. nd 0.008 nd 0.007 nd 0.002 nd 0.001 0.001 0.005 nd 0.014 nd 0.007 nd 0.007 nd 0.009 nd 0.002 nd 0.004 nd 0.007. 9.781 5.910 11.742 5.960 8.750 5.942 10.115 6.181 10.179 6.063 5.802 3.573 5.684 3.495 6.179 3.556 6.446 3.934 6.527 3.953 78.440 40.923 79.113 41.344. 0.002 0.002 nd 0.002 nd 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.002 nd 0.004 nd 0.003 nd 0.002 nd 0.001 nd 0.001 nd 0.001 0.014 0.001. nd 0.001 nd 0.002 nd 0.001 0.060 0.001 nd 0.001 nd 0.001 nd 0.002 nd 0.001 nd 0.001 nd 0.001 nd 0.001 nd nd. Mean-1 0.001 Mean-2 0.002 Mean-3 0.001. 0.220 0.079 0.002. 0.057 43.928 0.001 0.031 34.480 0.001 0.114 58.048 nd. nd 0.001 nd. nd nd nd. 0.007 0.056 0.002. 0.100 0.058 0.023. 1.678 1.044 2.229. 0.017 30.446 0.003 8.063 0.002 0.004 29.205 0.004 4.915 0.001 0.407 19.810 0.003 59.955 0.004. 0.007 0.001 nd. TH-1 TH-2 TH-3 TH-4 TH-5 TH-6 TH-7 TH-8 TH-9 TH-10 TH-11 TH-12.

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(51) !" ". Si. Sr. U. Zn. 9.125 0.313 4.642 0.267 7.224 0.210 4.408 0.251 7.025 0.192 4.430 0.249 6.879 0.258 4.378 0.253 8.223 0.263 4.333 0.248 5.764 0.188 2.774 0.217 5.294 0.189 2.539 0.212 4.913 0.236 2.404 0.214 4.561 0.243 2.352 0.028 4.197 0.230 2.360 0.242 9.092 11.634 4.429 7.940 9.030 11.844 4.543 8.006. 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.006 0.003 0.009 0.003 0.009 0.001 nd 0.001 nd 0.001 nd 0.001 0.010 nd 0.006 nd 0.025 0.001 0.023 0.002. 0.272 0.113 0.119 0.140 0.061 0.149 1.468 0.156 0.172 0.180 0.606 0.464 0.281 0.257 0.071 0.175 0.151 0.101 nd 0.019 0.092 0.034 2.868 0.021. 6.067 3.716 6.774. 0.004 0.001 0.013. 0.283 0.213 0.754. 0.250 0.200 9.856.

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(60) Trends in pH versus Eh and EC of water samples from the Tohyun mine creek. black triangles=mine waters, open circles=surface waters, black circles=groundwaters.. 7. 16. ,'. . . 16. .

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(74) . . Correlation between some ratios of major elements versus TDS for water samples from the Tohyun mine creek. Symbols are the same as those of Fig. 2.. o$ /2 IU*+F >W T +1 %&" HMN Olm *1 w Ó PN Ä^l$ ÷QMT 5 t ¬ MN Ow t/ " 5o q Q 2 Gú"¯ ç ! w -N; F "Gt Aw !_ ²/ [ [ ;¸5o ]c8 AF 2 ] ç Ò5 = " ÓT ç RDF <e6 4/ d l$ c&Q l$ ~M Jñ Qö S"ë ïTX"ë dC"ë NÀ 2 i6"W = U T d4 U áL1 NÀ ç Ò 5 +AMù/ "T e0 Qö ! #d1 \ "m ]¿5 B2 ä"! uk 4/ 1 " T » " uùlm n p 2 QP Ò¾w I4w 1/ . . *. 5,D4. (. . G. . . &<. <.

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(82) . . Plots of δD, δ18O, Ca2+ and Sr2+ versus 87Sr/ 86Sr for water samples from the Tohyun mine creek. Symbols are the same as those of Fig. 2.. l$ - Äd ( 5 B2 \l$ KÄ8 / "F [[ ¸5 BC ´-j$ WXp np $o A± 5o ÿ,Á /N #D'E áT 5o öa >`W H ¾w ÓT/ 1 þ ÿ ¸> þ ÿ ¸5 át A± á /lW áT /E >`ñ ¾w WXa/ "F E cE #D'E á A±5 BC ¼ ¾w ! ," δ F S: " ?>A5 BC J% @ET ¾ NT w ²/ 1 np {5oÆ F Û 1 $ >m δ δ T r»Wm T >`WT ¾w ²/ " 0; J% v"8 b OlW ä"T °©/ BCo S1 4 RD5o U Ã #D'E " Oùw >à/T n p Ûý{ N!¦ > ÒMùw >à" / \l$ 68/ . . :)($) 9. )

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