An Expert System for Estimation of Fatigue Properties of Metallic Materials using Simple Tensile Data

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(1)대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집. 금속재료의 피로특성 추정을 위한 전문가시스템 †. *. · . An Expert System for Estimation of Fatigue Properties of Metallic Materials using Simple Tensile Data Woo-Soo Jeon, Ji-Ho Song Key Words :. Fatigue properties(), Simple Tensile data Expert system

(2) Fatigue life. Abstract. An expert system for estimation of fatigue properties from simple tensile data of material is developed, considering nearly all important estimation methods proposed so far, i.e., 7 estimation methods. The expert system is developed using an expert system shell, UNIK, and the knowledge base is constructed with production rules and frames. Forward chaining is employed as a reasoning method. The expert system has three major functions including the function to update the knowledge base. The performance of the expert system is tested using the 54 σ-N curves consisting of 381 σ-N data points obtained for 22 materials. It is found that the expert system developed has excellent performance especially for steel materials, and reasonably good for titanium alloys. _ M O& RS)*TU$ `& a!+ b,c [Y de , fgh i+ j(+ McMahon k(2.) Ishikawa l Dai(3) a!) K3 BY 5. ]X McMahon k a!+ '(WYM O& mn*TU !o `p& RS)*TU V$ `@ qr0\ Ks ] tu Vv w0[) x5. &y, Dai l Ishikawa a!+ z{ tV RS)*TU |3 }V0[ x\, ' (WY) RS)*TU3 !o~ e$ & (] !"M }V0D [3 5Z+ v[M ( 0\ Ks, , ' (&YM !0+ RS)*TU3 r0\ Ks de 8 1\ K5. t '()M O& RS)*TU$ `& a!+ b, de s, ^& }V ~ K+ z{ K+, r '() `p RS)*TUY de v B5. Sv r DX RS)*TU 2, ,- '( ., !s(+ - 3 ,- (/ 0+ RS)*TU$ ` @ & 5. RS)*TU$ [ T+ O$ ¡& `¢$ ! s(, RS)*TUv z{ £\ IJ. . σB : Tensile Strength ε: (Strain) Nf : (Numbers to failure) Np : (Predicted life) Ef(s):

(3) (s) Ē : . 1.. . !"#$ %& '() *$+ ! ,- '(. /01+ '(023 4& 56 78 9:$ ;< = >?& '( @AB3 C0DE &5. FGHE IJ K+ @ALM N O& PQ 0 ( RS )*TU3 V0+ PQ W"1 DX *Y ) Z [\ K5.(1) ]X '() ^+ †. *. () E-mail : [email protected] TEL : (02)571-9449 FAX : (02)571-9411

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(5) 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집. v¯Õ¯PQ¯BwYM¯ âã5\¯äÕ0å¯1 ¹¯á ¯æç¯ v¯PQ¯5¸¯¯ Rs(+¯ BFÆ}Q¯ )º¯ v¯ L M¯\¯Ks ¹¯èé0+¯,-$¯;<¯ÕÕ¯¯ 5ê¯PQ3¯}V0+¯¯7z¯5¸¯. Ks, [T) ¤ ¥1+ ¦a K+ *TU< §~ K5.. . 2.. ¨©ª«¬ª® ¯ª«εª® ¯v¯'(.v¯z{s(¯'(*3¯ C0D¯N3¯¯Ks ¯°v¯*±¯©«²³® 3¯´µ(¯0¯¶S$¯'(.v¯´µ&¯¶$¯ ¯¯N [+¯¯i·5¸¯¯ ¯;<¯ R/¹¯ ª«εª®¯ v¯ '(.3¯ ±&¯ 8º*¯ (/¯ B0+¯PQ¯56¯¯DX)[¯»1 ¹¯ e$¯ ;<¯ ¦V0¯ }V1\¯ K5¸¯ ¼¹¯ ½¾¿ÀÁ¿ ¯Â ¢t`Q «ÃÄÅ®¯FÆ}Q ¹¯ ½ÇÈ¾ÉÊËÌ¾È¾¿ ¯ ½¾¿ÀÁ¿ ¯ BFÆ}Q ¹¯ ½ÊÍÎÌÏÉÉ ¯PQ¹¯ÐäÇÑÏÉ ¯¬ÏÏÒÏÈ ¯z,QÓ¹¯Ô¿Ò ¯B¯Â ¢t`Q¯k5¸¯]X ¯Õ¯ PQ¯Bw¯^+¯Õ¯PQ±¯ 8¯tÖ =¯kv¯×¾ÈØ l¯¬Á¿Ò ¯a! ¯Rc[+¯ Z ¯[[¯xÙÚ¯¯}5¸¯×¾ÈØ ¯¬Á¿Ò v¯Û¯k$¯\¯°v¯,-¯ª ¯LM¯%ts(¹¯ O¯PQh3¯ s(¯=0D¹¯Ü¾ÝÉÏ¯Þ ¯v¯Bß8¯= LM¯N\¯K5¸¯Ü¾ÝÉÏÞ 2¯Õ¯<à¯á . 3..

(6) . µë ì V '(. B RS)*TU ëv íî, '( RS)M O& ës( '(.3 B 0\, ] B L Bw3 *@ + ë, ïî, '(RS)) Õð '(. BPQ3 ´µ$ ;< g¦( ñ0D òó3 ~ ¯K +¯ë¹¯]7\¯ ôî¹¯RS)*TU¯[ TM¯õI«ÇöË¾ÍÏ®0+¯ës(¯0÷5¸¯ RS)*TU$¯øù1+¯'(.¯)Qv¹¯ ¯¦V05\¯ú1+¯56¯û )[5¸¯ ½ÏÍÌÁË¯Þ®¯½¾¿ÀÁ¿ ¯üý¯Â ¢¯t`Q¯ ½ÏÍÌÁË¯þ®¯½¾¿ÀÁ¿ ¯üý¯FÆ}Q¯ ½ÏÍÌÁË¯®¯½ÇÈ¾ÉÊËÌ¾È¾¿ ¯½¾¿ÀÁ¿ ¯B¯¯ FÆ}Q¯ ½ÏÍÌÁË¯Â®¯½ÊÍÎÌÏÉÉ ¯PQ¯ ½ÏÍÌÁË¯®¯Ð¾ÇÑÏÉ ¯¬ÏÏÒÏÈ ¯z,-QÓ¯ ½ÏÍÌÁË¯®¯Ô¿Ò ¯B¯Â ¢¯t`Q¯ ½ÏÍÌÁË¯û®¯×¾ÈØ ¯¬Á¿Ò ¯B¯½ÊÍÎÌÏÉÉ Q¯ 3.1. Table1. Comparison of estimation methods in terms of evaluation values. E values Unalloyed steels Low-alloy steels High-alloy steels Aluminum alloys Titanium alloys. Ef(s=3) (Ea)total (Ea)Dset Ē Ef(s=3) (Ea)total (Ea)Dset Ē Ef(s=3) (Ea)total (Ea)Dset Ē Ef(s=3) (Ea)total (Ea)Dset Ē Ef(s=3) (Ea)total (Ea)Dset Ē (s=3). Ef. All materials. ( (. Total. Ea Ea. E. )total )Dset. Modified universal slopes. Mitchell’s method. Seeger’s method. Ong’s method. 0.570 0.431 0.234 0.412 0.548 0.229 0.224 0.334 0.663 0.313 0.455 0.477 0.567 -0.043 0.437 0.320 0.519 0.331 0.462 0.437. Original universal slopes 0.769 0.669 0.462 0.634 0.750 0.444 0.503 0.566 0.865 0.648 0.645 0.719 0.800 0.586 0.666 0.684 0.759 0.558 0.500 0.606. 0.824 0.925 0.452 0.764 0.764 0.747 0.621 0.711 0.867 0.956 0.656 0.826 0.796 0.720 0.704 0.740 0.852 0.892 0.448 0.731. 0.738 0.774 0.330 0.614 0.532 0.528 0.514 0.524 0.600 0.808 0.605 0.671 0.721 0.907 0.734 0.787 0.648 0.847 0.580 0.692. 0.805 0.885 0.569 0.753 0.768 0.645 0.632 0.684 0.846 0.970 0.662 0.826 0.738 0.877 0.735 0.783 0.778 0.746 0.472 0.665. 0.811 0.868 0.491 0.723 0.793 0.562 0.614 0.656 0.865 0.801 0.681 0.782 0.713 0.723 0.712 0.716 0.870 0.921 0.592 0.794. 0.576 0.271 0.303. 0.780 0.556 0.539. 0.801 0.834 0.613. 0.609 0.688 0.514. 0.788 0.798 0.629. 0.805 0.708 0.609. 0.384. 0.627. 0.751. 0.606. 0.739. 0.709. Four-point correlation. 196. Total number of data points &data set 602 72 1316 137 505 68 240 29 54 9. 2717 315.

(7) 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집.

(8) !" #$ %&' ()*+,- . /012%034567. 1e+7. 1e+7. By modified universal slopes method. 1e+6. Predicted lives (Nf). Predicted lives (Nf). 1e+6. 1e+5. 1e+4. 1e+3. 1e+2. 1e+5. 1e+4. 1e+3. 1e+2. 1e+1. 1e+1. Input the name of material. By modified universal slopes method. 1e+0. 1e+0 1e+0. 1e+1. 1e+2. 1e+3. 1e+4. 1e+5. 1e+6. 1e+0. 1e+7. 1e+1. By modified universal slopes method. 1e+6. 1e+5. Predicted lives (Nf). Predicted lives (Nf). Input the mechanical properties. 1e+4. 1e+3. 1e+2. 1e+1. 1e+6. 1e+7. By modified Mitchell's method. 1e+5. 1e+4. 1e+3. 1e+2. 1e+1. 1e+2. 1e+3. 1e+4. 1e+5. 1e+6. 1e+7. 1e+0. 1e+1. 1e+2. 1e+3. 1e+4. 1e+5. Experimental lives (Nf). Experimental lives (Nf). (c) ( ) High-alloy g y steels. (d) Aluminum alloys. 1e+7. By modified Mitchell's method 1e+6. Predicted lives (Nf). ∆ε σ′f = (2 N f )b + (2 N f )c 2 E. Determination of fatigue properties in ∆ε curve. − 2N 2. 1e+7. 1e+0. 1e+0. Determination of values, σf′, b, εf′, c in the equation,. 1e+6. 1e+1. 1e+0. Inference of the most appropriate estimation method. 1e+5. 1e+7. 1e+6. modulus E, tensile strength σB, reduction in area RA.. 1e+4. (b) Low-alloy steels. (a) Unalloyed steels. Input the elastic. 1e+3. Experimental lives (Nf). 1e+7. Material classification (determination of material group). 1e+2. Experimental lives (Nf). 1e+5. 1e+4. 1e+3. 1e+2. f. 1e+1. 1e+0 1e+0. 1e+1. 1e+2. 1e+3. 1e+4. 1e+5. 1e+6. 1e+7. Experimental lives (Nf). Presentation of the employed method and its reliability. (e)Titanium alloys. . Fig.2 comparison of Comparison of experimental and predicted fatigue lives using ε-N curves by priority methods R S l l 4&|1 QC&r'& NOQ ' ?: ' 3 4} l ?1C67. Advice and recommendation. Fig.1 Process for estimation of fatigue properties from simple tensile data 89:& ;<3 =>& !?@1 A1 , 1 !?@B& # C&D, ;<EF GHEF :I1J ?@3 KL M, ;<3 ?

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(16) 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집. Table2 Accuracy and total predictability of expert system for present performance testing data Unalloyed steels. Seeger’s method. Number of data set & data points. Present results. Ef(s=3) (Ea)total (Ea)Dset. 1.000 0.961 0.856. Ē Ef(s=3) (Ea)total (Ea)Dset Ē. 0.939 0.976 0.857 0.857 0.897. Average d values up-todate 0.824 0.925 0.542 0.764. Present results 0.982 0.942 0.892 0.939 0.991 0.815 0.835 0.880. Average d values up-todate 0.764 0.747 0.621 0.711. Aluminum alloys. Averaged values up-todate 0.867 0.956 0.656. Present results 1.000 0.801 0.840 0.881 1.0 0.694 0.743 0.812. 0.648 0.454 0.794 0.632 0.762 0.521 0.847 0.710. 0.826. Titanium alloys. Averaged values up-todate 0.838 0.909 0.703. Present results. Present results 0.767 0.842 0.802 0.804 0.633 0.700 0.673 0.669. 0.856. Averaged values up-todate 0.955 0.883 0.662 0.830. Present data. Total data up-todate. Present data. Total data up-todate. Present data. Total data up-todate. Present data. Total data up-todate. Present data. Total data up-todate. Data set. 21. 72. 17. 137. 2. 68. 8. 29. 6. 9. Data points. 127. 602. 105. 1316. 14. 505. 105. 240. 30. 54.

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(23) N OI +nFU# EFAB|}& ZTABOI,-./12,3*4O I,nZDh\^_àb+nF D:AB|},# ABDk |: Z lmab +n1ABF|:(M%%T h# ABFV| .¡OI,E C0. 1e+7. 1e+7. By Seeger's method. Predicted lives (Nf). By Seeger's method 1e+6. 1e+6. 1e+5. 1e+5. Predicted lives (Nf). Priority method. E Values. High-alloy steels. 1e+4. 1e+3. 1e+2. 1e+4. 1e+3. 1e+2. 1e+1. 1e+1. 1e+0. 1e+0 1e+0. 1e+1. 1e+2. 1e+3. 1e+4. 1e+5. 1e+6. 1e+0. 1e+7. 1e+1. 1e+3. 1e+4. 1e+5. 1e+6. 1e+7. 1e+6. 1e+7. (b) Low-alloy steels. (a) Unalloyed steels 1e+7. 1e+7. By Seeger's method. By Seeger's method. Predicted lives (Nf). 1e+2. Experimental lives (Nf). Experimental lives (Nf). 1e+6. 1e+6. 1e+5. 1e+5. Predicted lives (Nf). Methods. Low-alloy steels. 1e+4. 1e+3. 1e+2. 1e+1. 1e+4. 1e+3. 1e+2. 1e+1. 1e+0. 1e+0. 1e+0. 1e+1. 1e+2. 1e+3. 1e+4. 1e+5. 1e+6. 1e+7. 1e+0. 1e+1. 1e+2. 1e+3. 1e+4. 1e+5. Experimental lives (Nf). Experimental lives (Nf). ((c)) High-alloy g y steels. (d) Aluminum alloys. 1e+7. By Seeger's method. Predicted lives (Nf). 1e+6. 1e+5. 1e+4. 1e+3. 1e+2. 1e+1. 1e+0 1e+0. 1e+1. 1e+2. 1e+3. 1e+4. 1e+5. 1e+6. 1e+7. Experimental lives (Nf). (e)Titanium alloys. Fig.3 Comparison of experimental and predicted fatigue lives using ε-N curves by Seeger’s method . 198.

(24) 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집. Fig. 3 εf

(25) σB Seeger ! " #$%. εf &' ( Fig.2 #$) *+ , - ./ 0 1 23 (% 4 5 (%. 5678 9: . ;< = > ?@, AB>CD EF G HICD J K ( LM (%. % NO9 : ! PQ R GHICD 2 S (, Fig.2 T% 1 %. UVWXYZ [T\)]^BD

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(27) , o Mitchell f$ Seeger " #$ (a)) (b)D w D @ %. o Mitchell f " #$ o o % 1 C@ Seeger f " #$ ^>CD j 4 5 (%. A5083P #$ . 1C A7N01S *+> 1 #$ T3 (%. [ 5678 ^" #$ iCD o Mitchell f Serger f T% @ f 3 (%. CD' 5 ( \ ) ], u Aàbc , NO9: 1, r (% 4 5 (%. % 56 78 9: , u vw #$ Aàb c " i^ T% x 23 (, =¡ ¢ &' ^ £¤ ¥¦ ( %. £¤ [ §¨ E © ^" #$ {|b }~ G r (%.. Table3 Updated evaluation values of estimation methods. Material group. nalloyed steels. Low-alloy steels. High-alloy steels. Aluminum alloys. Titanium alloys. E values. Ef(s=3) (Ea)total (Ea)Dset Ē Ef(s=3) (Ea)total (Ea)Dset Ē Ef(s=3) (Ea)total (Ea)Dset Ē Ef(s=3) (Ea)total (Ea)Dset Ē Ef(s=3) (Ea)total (Ea)Dset Ē. Original universal slopes. Modified universal slopes. Mitchell′s method. Seeger′s method. Ong′s method. 0.804 0.652 0.520 0.659 0.761 0.492 0.510 0.587 0.867 0.528 0.639 0.678 0.707 0.435 0.636 0.593 0.750 0.649 0.586 0.661. 0.855 0.943 0.543 0.780 0.780 0.845 0.651 0.759 0.871 0.879 0.661 0.803 0.710 0.492 0.661 0.621 0.893 0.775 0.533 0.734. 0.767 0.712 0.405 0.628 0.541 0.548 0.519 0.536 0.597 0.611 0.601 0.603 0.632 0.638 0.718 0.663 0.536 0.793 0.652 0.660. 0.833 0.871 0.634 0.779 0.784 0.730 0.654 0.723 0.850 0.832 0.664 0.782 0.745 0.601 0.759 0.702 0.726 0.723 0.552 0.667. 0.844 0.822 0.561 0.742 0.806 0.633 0.626 0.688 0.869 0.701 0.680 0.750 0.670 0.593 0.693 0.652 0.833 0.783 0.567 0.728. 199. Modified Mitchell′s method. Present total number of data points & data sets. 729 93. 1421 154. 519 70 0.780 0.703 0.723 0.735 0.888 0.863 0.718 0.823. 345 37. 84 15.

(28) 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집. A5083P Modified Mitchell's method. 1e+6. 1e+5. 1e+4. 1e+3. 1e+2. Ef(s=3) 0.738 (Ea)total 0.551 (Ea)Dset 0.883. 1e+1. lG. Predicted lives (Nf). Predicted lives (Nf). 1e+6. A5083P Seeger's method. 1e+5. 1e+3. Ef(s=3) 1.000 (Ea)total 0.902 (Ea)Dset 0.894. 1e+2. l. 0.724. 1e+1. 1e+2. 1e+3. 1e+4. 1e+5. 1e+6. 1e+0. 1e+7. 1e+1. 1e+7. 1e+5. 1e+4. 1e+3. Ef(s=3) 0.630 (Ea)total 0.559 (Ea)Dset 0.559. 1e+1. lG. Predicted lives (Nf). Predicted lives (Nf). 1e+6. 1e+2. 1e+1. 1e+2. 1e+3. 1e+4. 1e+4. 1e+5. 1e+6. 1e+7. 1e+5. A7N01S Seeger's method. 1e+5. 1e+4. 1e+3. Ef(s=3) 0.778 (Ea)total 0.884 (Ea)Dset 0.882. 1e+2. 1e+1. 0.583. lG. 1e+0 1e+0. 1e+3. 1e+7. A7N01S Modified Mitchell's method. 1e+6. 1e+2. Experimental lives (Nf). Experimental lives (Nf). 1e+6. 0.848. 1e+0. 1e+7. 1e+0. 1e+1. Experimental lives (Nf). 1e+2. 1e+3. 1e+4. 1e+5. 1e+6. 1e+7. Experimental lives (Nf). 1e+7. 1e+7. A7N01P Modified Mitchell's method. 1e+6. 1e+5. 1e+4. 1e+3. Ef(s=3) 0.556 (Ea)total 0.724 (Ea)Dset 0.861. 1e+2. 1e+1. l. Predicted lives (Nf). Predicted lives (Nf). 0.924. 1e+0. 1e+0. A7N01P Seeger's method. 1e+5. 1e+4. 1e+3. Ef(s=3) 0.472 (Ea)total 0.904 (Ea)Dset 0.778. 1e+2. 1e+1. 0.714. 1e+0 1e+0. (1) J.Liebowitz,1995,“Expert systems: A Short Introduction”, Engineering Fracture mechanics,Vol.50, pp.601-607,1995. (2) C. A. McMahon, S. Banerjee, J. H. Sims Williams and J. Devlukia,1994, “Hypertext and Expert Systems Application in Fatigue Assessment and Advice,” Automation in Fatigue and Fracture; Testing and analysis, ASTM STP 1231, pp634-647. (3) X. Dai and H. Ishikawa, 1994,“Development of Expert system for Fatigue Design(An Object-Oriented Approach to Knowledge Management for Design Process),” Transaction of JSME, A, Vol.60, pp.18851891 (in Japanese). (4) S. S. Manson,1965, “Fatigue : A Complex Subject– Some Simple Approximation,”Experimental Mechanics, Vol.5, pp.193-226. (5) U. Muralidharan and S. S. Manson, “A Modified Universal slopes Equation for Estimation of Fatigue Characteristic of Metals,” Journal of Engineering Materials (6) J.H.Park and J.H.Song “Detailed evaluation of methods for estimation of fatigue properties.” Int J of Fatigue,Vol.17,pp365-373, 1995. (7) K.Hatanaka, J.Ohgi and F.Ueno, “Influence of heat treatment on low-cycle fatigue in Ti-6Al-4V alloy.” J of Soc Mat of Science Japan, Vol.42, pp 11531159 ,1993 [in Japanese].. 1e+4. 1e+1. 1e+0. 1e+6. . 1e+7. 1e+7. lG. 0.718. 1e+5. 1e+6. 1e+0 1e+1. 1e+2. 1e+3. 1e+4. 1e+5. 1e+6. 1e+7. 1e+0. 1e+1. 1e+2. 1e+3. 1e+4. Experimental lives (Nf). Experimental lives (Nf). (a) By Modified Mitchell's method. (b) By Seeger's method. 1e+7. Fig.4 Comparison of predicted results by modified Mitchell’s and Seeger’s methods for three aluminum alloys 5.. .

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