Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Networking
Kyunghan Lee
Networked Computing Lab (NXC Lab)
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University
https://nxc.snu.ac.kr
kyunghanlee@snu.ac.kr
WIRELESS NETWORKING, 430.752B, 2020 SPRING SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Syllabus
Course No. 430.752B Lecture
No. 001 Course Title
(Subtitle) Wireless Networking Credit 3
Representative Instructor
Name Kyunghan Lee (Associate Professor) Homepage https://nxc.snu.ac.kr
E-mail kyunghanlee@snu.ac.kr Phone No. 02-880-1672
Interview Time/Place : Tue/Thu 11:00am 12:00pm, Building 301, Room 1006 – Prerequisite
* 1.Purpose of Course
In this course, we will learn and discuss various wireless and mobile networking topics over popular wireless access network standards including 802.11 (WLAN), LTE, and 5G. Such topics will cover conventional approaches as well as state-of-the-art approaches related to major technical issues characterizing the capability and the efficiency of link layer, network layer, and transport layer protocols for wireless and mobile networking.
* 2.Materials and Reference
We will mainly use presentation slides and recent research papers for the lectures.
Reference
* Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, Matthew Baker, LTE, The UMTS Long Term Evolution:
From Theory to Practice, 2 nd Ed., Wiley, 2011.
* Bernhard H. Walke, Stefan Mangold, Lars Berlemann, IEEE 802 Wireless Systems:
Protocols, Multi-Hop, Performance and Spectrum Coexistence, 1 s t Ed., Wiley, 2007.
* James F. Kurose, Kei th W. Ross, Computer Networking, 7 th Ed., Pearson, 2016.
* 3.Evaluation Method
Attendance Task Medium Final Evalua tion Rando m Attitude Other Total
10 35 0 40 10 5 0 0
Attendance Policy :
Students who are absent for over 1/3 of the class will receive a grade of 'F' or 'U' for the course.
(Exceptions can be made when the cause of absence is deemed unavoidable by the course instructor.) Remark of Others :
* 4.Lecture
Plan
Week1. Part I. Preliminaries: Introduction to wireless/mobile networking (ONLINE)
Week2. Part I. Preliminaries: Performance measures and application performance (ONLINE) Week3. Part I. Preliminaries: Wireless access channels
Week4. Part I. Preliminaries: Technical issues in the link layer and wireless MAC Week5. Part I. Preliminaries: Technical issues in the network layer and wireless proxy Week6. Part I. Preliminaries: Technical issues in the transport layer and wireless TCP/UDP Week7. Part II. IEEE 802.11 WLANs: Introduction to WiFi networks and their PHY layers Week8. Part II. IEEE 802.11 WLANs: MAC protocols
Week9. Part II. IEEE 802.11 WLANs: Recent advances in WiFi networks Week10. Part III. 3GPP LTE/5G networks: Introduction to LTE/5G
Week11. Part III. 3GPP LTE/5G networks: RRC/RLC/MAC/Cellular transport protocols Week12. Part IV. Bluetooth/WPAN
Week13. Part V. State-of-the-art approaches I
Week14. Part V. State-of-the-art approaches II (mainly on AI-based approaches)
* The planned contents may vary in order to reflect the most recent research trends.
5.References to Course Registration
This course is taught in English.
Tasks, quizzes, and evaluations may include paper review, presentation, and writing.
6. Support Services for Students with
Disabilities You can
※
modify these default contents.
For Lectures ○ Physical Disability: Make textbooks (digital textbook), Allow note takers and assistants
○ Health Impairment: Excuse absence due to health problems, Allow note takers For Assignments
& Evaluations Others
Students who take this course can get appropriate level of support service including the support
listed above depending on the students’ individual characteristics and needs through consultation
with professors and the Support Center for Students with Disabilities. If you have any
questions concerning support service for students with disabilities you can Support Center for
3
Syllabus
Representative
Instructor E-mail kyunghanlee@snu.ac.kr Phone No. 02-880-1672
Interview Time/Place : Tue/Thu 11:00am 12:00pm, Building 301, Room 1006 – Prerequisite
* 1.Purpose of Course
In this course, we will learn and discuss various wireless and mobile networking topics over popular wireless access network standards including 802.11 (WLAN), LTE, and 5G. Such topics will cover conventional approaches as well as state-of-the-art approaches related to major technical issues characterizing the capability and the efficiency of link layer, network layer, and transport layer protocols for wireless and mobile networking.
* 2.Materials and Reference
We will mainly use presentation slides and recent research papers for the lectures.
Reference
* Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, Matthew Baker, LTE, The UMTS Long Term Evolution:
From Theory to Practice, Second Edition, Wiley, 2011.
* James F. Kurose & Kei th W. Ross, Computer Networking, 7th Ed., Pearson, 2016.
* 3.Evaluation Method
Attendance Task Medium Final Evalua tion Rando m Attitude Other Total
10 35 0 40 10 5 0 0
Attendance
Policy : Students who are absent for over 1/3 of the class will receive a grade of 'F' or 'U' for the course.
(Exceptions can be made when the cause of absence is deemed unavoidable by the course instructor.) Remark of Others :
* 4.Lecture Plan
Week1. Part I. Preliminaries: Introduction to wireless/mobile networking (ONLINE)
Week2. Part I. Preliminaries: Performance measures and application performance (ONLINE) Week3. Part I. Preliminaries: Wireless access channels
Week4. Part I. Preliminaries: Technical issues in the link layer and wireless MAC Week5. Part I. Preliminaries: Technical issues in the network layer and wireless proxy Week6. Part I. Preliminaries: Technical issues in the transport layer and wireless TCP/UDP Week7. Part II. IEEE 802.11 WLANs: Introduction to WiFi networks and their PHY layers Week8. Part II. IEEE 802.11 WLANs: MAC protocols
Week9. Part II. IEEE 802.11 WLANs: Recent advances in WiFi networks Week10. Part III. 3GPP LTE/5G networks: Introduction to LTE/5G
Week11. Part III. 3GPP LTE/5G networks: RRC/RLC/MAC/Cellular transport protocols Week12. Part IV. Bluetooth/WPAN
Week13. Part V. State-of-the-art approaches I
Week14. Part V. State-of-the-art approaches II (mainly on AI-based approaches)
* The planned contents may vary in order to reflect the most recent research trends.
5.References to Course Registration
This course is taught in English.
Tasks, quizzes, and evaluations may include paper review, presentation, and writing.
6. Support Services for Students with
Disabilities You can
※
modify these default contents.
For Lectures ○ Physical Disability: Make textbooks (digital textbook), Allow note takers and assistants
○ Health Impairment: Excuse absence due to health problems, Allow note takers For Assignments
& Evaluations Others
Students who take this course can get appropriate level of support service including the support listed above depending on the students’ individual characteristics and needs through consultation with professors and the Support Center for Students with Disabilities. If you have any questions concerning support service for students with disabilities you can Support Center for 3/17
3/31
Main References
LTE from theory to practice IEEE 802 Wireless Systems
Fundamentals
Fundamentals of Wireless Communication David Tse and Pramod Viswanath
Cambridge University Press, 2005
[BOOK] Fundamentals of wireless communication, D Tse, P Viswanath - 2005 - books.google.com
The past decade has seen many advances in physical layer wireless communication theory and their implementation in wireless systems.
This textbook takes a unified view of the fundamentals of wireless communication and explains the web of concepts underpinning … Cited by 11262 Related articles All 30 versions
Quiz #1 (03/31) - up to 3 questions 1. Introduction PDF
2. The wireless channel PDF
3. Point-to-point communication: detection, diversity and channel uncertainty PDF
Quiz #2 (04/14) - up to 3 questions
4. Cellular systems: multiple access and interference management PDF
5. Capacity of wireless channels PDF
Recall: Layered Network Architecture
□ Data link (including MAC) and Physical (PHY) are very system dependent (e.g., WLAN, LTE, 5G)
□ Many existing application, transport, and networking layer protocols are developed for wireline, but can be reused for wireless. However …
Application Presentation
Session Transport
Network Data Link
Physical OSI Layers
Application
Transport Internet
Link
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Application
Transport Network TCP/IP Updated
Data Link Physical 1
2 3 4 5 6 7
Ne tw ork m m un ic at io ns
Typical Research Questions
□ What’s new?
à Observation paper
□ What should we do?
à Positioning paper
□ How do we implement that?
à System paper (placing/mixing dist. functions)
□ How much can we improve (in reality)?
à (Extensive) Measurement paper
□ Is it the best or Is it better (in theory)?
à Analysis/Theory paper
Network systems
(mostly software)
Network theory
(analysis over software)
Communications theory
(analysis over hardware) (theory over physics)
Vs.
Wireless vs. Wired
□ Scarce resources, i.e., bandwidth
§ 1 Gbps WLAN vs. 1 Gbps LAN
□ Less-reliable communication
§ Fading, shadowing, background noise
§ Interferences – inter-symbol interference (ISI), inter-cell interference, interference from other systems
□ User mobility
§ Handoff, location management
§ Channel reliability affected by Doppler shift (coherence time)
Maximum achievable
data rate (in bits/sec)
Recall: Wireless Channel Gain
□ Path loss: signal attenuation as it propagates through space
□ Shadowing: additional signal attenuation caused by blocking objects (walls, buildings) existing between transmitter and receiver
□ Multi-path fading: constructive and destructive additions of multiple propagation paths
𝑃 ! /𝑃 " : tx/rx power
𝑑: distance between tx and rx
𝜆: wavelength (𝜆 = 𝑐/𝑓)
𝛼: path loss exponent
Wireless vs. Wired
□ Time-varying environment
§ Time-varying channel and user mobility
§ Time-varying interferers
§ Location-dependent errors
□ Broadcast nature of channel
§ Multiple access for sharing the medium
□ Less-secure environment
§ Due mainly to the broadcast nature of the wireless
Wireless vs. Wired
□ Wireless ≠ mobile !
□ Wireless node can be static and fixed
§ e.g., Fixed wireless local loop (WLL) or IEEE 802.16 Broadband wireless access (BWA)
□ Mobile node can use a wireline networking
§ e.g., laptop with Ethernet link
□ Different techniques used to tackle either of them!
□ Application layer
§ Adaptive application, device-dependent, location-dependent, ...
□ Transport layer – TCP
§ Packet drops due to channel errors and user mobility are interpreted to be due to the network congestion
□ Network layer - IP
§ Different from wireline due to user mobility and broadcast nature of wireless link
§ Mobile IP, ad hoc routing, ...
Wireless-aware Protocols
Wireless-agnostic Protocols (popular these days)
□ Same application, Same TCP, Same IP
§ How can it be possible?
Adaptive and Cross-layer Approach
□ Wireless environment is time-varying, so the network protocols need to be adaptive
§ MAC with adaptive algorithms for link adaptation, transmit power control, ...
§ Adaptive application using adaptive video codec, adaptive voice codec, ...
□ The optimal usage of the scarce and time-varying
wireless network can be done via cross-layer design and
optimization!
Wireless & Mobile Networks (WMN)
□ Nomadic systems
§ Communications is typically done while the node is stationary
§ WLAN, WPAN
□ Mobile systems
§ Communications can be done while the node is moving fast
§ 3G/4G cellular systems
□ Nomadic system can provide faster link!
WMN: Handoff and Mobility Management
□ Network and MAC layers related
§ By its nature, a cross-layer design is needed
□ Handoff within and across wireless systems
§ Handoff within cellular (e.g., LTE) systems
§ Handoff between WLAN and LTE systems
□ Location tracking
§ For paging, location-dependent service, ...
WMN: Infrastructure vs. Ad hoc
□ Infrastructure-based wireless networks
§ An access point (AP) or base station (BS) as an interface between wireless and (wireline) backbone
§ Star topology (in a cell), handoff support
§ Requires cell planning (with frequency reuse)
§ Cellular systems, typical 802.11 WLANs with APs, ...
□ Ad hoc networks
§ Wireless multi-hop transmission
§ Peer-to-peer topology
§ 802.11 ad hoc mode, Bluetooth, ...
□ Wireless mesh networks
§ Network for wireless infrastructure
WMN: Mobility vs. Data Rate
Source: IEEE 802 Wireless Systems, Wiley 2007
Ev olu tion
More BW, Antenna (relatively
easy) Co ding
(FEC) , PHY desig n (rela
tively
easy )
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Source: Argonne National Laboratory
GHz THz PHz
MHz
cm mm
mmWave LTE WiFi
VLC
𝜇 m nm
Licensed vs. Unlicensed Bands
□ Licensed bands
§ Operators get the license by paying money, ...
§ 800 MHz, 1.8 GHz, 2.1 GHz
□ Unlicensed bands
§ Used without license as long as the regulatory requirements are met such as maximum transmit power level, spectral mask, etc.
§ 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 60 GHz ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) bands
□ Different for different countries
TV White Space (TVWS)
□ TV white space (TVWS)
§ Might include 54-72, 76-88, 174-216, and 470-698 MHz
§ Temporally or spatially unused spectrum between active TV channels
§ Available for communication purposes, e.g., Super Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.22, in some countries
□ Digital dividend (DD)
§ Became available due to digital TV transition
§ To be allocated for other wireless services
TV White Space (TVWS)
Analog Digital TV Channels
Switchover to Digital TV
Digital Dividend TV White Space
Unused
470 MHz 698 MHz 806 MHz
• TV white space (TVWS)
• Might include 54-72, 76-88, 174-216, and 470-698 MHz
• Temporally or spatially unused spectrum between active TV channels
• Available for communication purposes, e.g., Super Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.22, in some countries
• Digital dividend (DD)
• Became available due to digital TV transition
THIS CHART WAS CREATED BY
DELMON C. MORRISON JUNE 1, 2011
UNITED STATES
THE RADIO SPECTRUM
NON-FEDERAL EXCLUSIVE
FEDERAL/NON-FEDERAL SHARED FEDERAL EXCLUSIVE
RADIO SERVICES COLOR LEGEND
ACTIVITY CODE
PLEASE NOTE: THE SPACING ALLOTTED THE SERVICES IN THE SPECTRUM
ALLOCATION USAGE DESIGNATION
SERVICE EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION Primary FIXED Capital Letters Secondary Mobile 1st Capital with lower case lettersU.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Telecommunications and Information Administration JANUARY 2016
* EXCEPT AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)
** EXCEPT AERONAUTICAL MOBILE
ALLOCATIONS
FREQUENCY
STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL
FIXED Radiolocation
MARITIME MOBILE
MARITIME
MOBILE FIXED AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION Mobile AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION
Aeronautical MobileAERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION Aeronautical Radionavigation(radiobeacons)
NOT ALLOCATED RADIONAVIGATION
FIXED FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
0 kHz
MARITIME RADIONAVIGATION(radiobeacons) Radiolocation
300 kHz
FIXED MOBILE
STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL
Aeronautical Radionavigation (radiobeacons)
MARITIME RADIONAVIGATION
(radiobeacons) Aeronautical MobileMaritime
Radionavigation (radiobeacons) Aeronautical
Mobile Aeronautical MobileRADIONAVIGATION AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATIONMARITIMEMOBILE
Aeronautical Radionavigation
MARITIME MOBILE MOBILE
BROADCASTING (AM RADIO)
MARITIME MOBILE(telephony) MOBILE
FIXED STANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (2500kHz) FIXED
AERONAUTICALMOBILE (R)
RADIO- LOCATION FIXED
MOBILE AMATEUR RADIOLOCATION MOBILEFIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
MARITIME MOBILE FIXED
MOBILEBROADCASTING
AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION(radiobeacons) MOBILE (distress and calling) MARITIME MOBILE(ships only)
AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION(radiobeacons) AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION(radiobeacons) MARITIME MOBILE(telephony)
MOBILE except aeronautical mobile MOBILEexcept aeronautical mobile
MOBILE
MOBILE MARITIME MOBILE MOBILE (distress and calling) MARITIME MOBILE
MOBILE except aeronautical mobile BROADCASTING
AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION (radiobeacons)
Non-Federal Travelers Information Stations (TIS), a mobile service, are authorized in the 535-1705 kHz band. Federal TIS operates at 1610 kHz.
300 kHz 3 MHz
Maritime Mobile
3MHz 30 MHz
AERONAUTICALMOBILE (OR) FIXEDMOBILEexcept aeronautical mobile (R) FIXED
MOBILE except aeronautical mobile
AERONAUTICALMOBILE (R) AMATEUR MARITIME MOBILEFIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
FIXEDMOBILEexcept aeronautical mobile (R) AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R) AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR)MOBILEexcept aeronautical mobile (R)FIXED STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (5 MHz)
FIXEDMOBILE FIXED FIXED
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R) AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR) FIXEDMOBILEexcept aeronautical mobile (R) MARITIME MOBILE AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R) AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR) FIXED AMATEUR SATELLITEAMATEUR AMATEUR BROADCASTING FIXED
MOBILE except aeronautical
mobile (R)
MARITIME MOBILEFIXED AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR)FIXED BROADCASTING FIXEDSTANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (10 MHz)AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)AMATEUR FIXED
Mobileexcept aeronautical mobile
(R) AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR) AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)FIXED BROADCASTING FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR) AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)RADIO ASTRONOMY FIXEDMobileexcept aeronautical mobile (R)BROADCASTING FIXEDMobileexcept aeronautical mobile (R) AMATEUR Mobileexcept aeronautical mobile (R) FIXED STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (15 MHz)AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR) BROADCASTING MARITIME MOBILE
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR) FIXED
AMATEUR SATELLITE AMATEUR SATELLITE FIXED
3.0
3.025 3.155 3.23 3.4 3.5 4.0 4.063 4.438 4.65 4.7 4.75 4.85 4.995 5.005 5.06 5.45 5.68 5.73 5.59 6.2 6.525 6.685 6.765 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.4 8.1 8.195 8.815 8.965 9.04 9.4 9.9 9.995 10.005 10.1 10.15 11.175 11.275 11.4 11.6 12.1 12.23 13.2 13.26 13.36 13.41 13.57 13.87 14.0 14.25 14.35 14.99 15.01 15.1 15.8 16.36 17.41 17.48 17.9 17.97 18.03 18.068 18.168 18.78 18.9 19.02 19.68 19.8 19.99 20.01 21.0 21.45 21.85 21.924 22.0 22.855 23.0 23.2 23.35 24.89 24.99 25.01 25.07 25.21 25.33 25.55 25.67 26.1 26.175 26.48 26.95 26.96 27.23 27.41 27.54 28.0 29.7 29.8 29.89 29.91 30.0
BROADCASTING MARITIME MOBILEBROADCASTING FIXED FIXEDMARITIME MOBILE FIXEDSTANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL (20 MHz)Mobile
Mobile FIXED BROADCASTING FIXED AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)MARITIME MOBILE
AMATEUR SATELLITEAMATEUR FIXEDMobileexcept aeronautical mobile (R) FIXED AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR)MOBILEexcept aeronautical mobile FIXED AMATEUR SATELLITEAMATEURSTANDARD FREQ. AND TIME SIGNAL (25 MHz) LAND MOBILEMARITIME MOBILE LAND MOBILE FIXEDMOBILE except aeronautical mobile RADIO ASTRONOMYBROADCASTINGMARITIME MOBILE LAND MOBILE MOBILEexcept aeronautical mobileMOBILE except aeronautical mobile FIXED LAND MOBILE
FIXEDMOBILEexcept aeronautical mobile FIXED FIXED MOBILE FIXED AMATEUR SATELLITEAMATEUR LAND MOBILE FIXED FIXED MOBILE FIXED
AMATEUR
MOBILEexcept aeronautical mobile (R) AMATEUR FIXED
BROADCASTING MARITIME MOBILE
MOBILE except aeronautical
mobile
300
325 335 405 415 435 495 505 510 525 535 1605 1615 1705 1800 1900 2000 2065 2107 2170 2173.5 2190.5 2194 2495 2505 2850 3000
30 MHz 300 MHz
FIXEDMOBILE LAND MOBILE MOBILE MOBILE MOBILE
LAND MOBILE LAND MOBILE
FIXED FIXED FIXED FIXED FIXED FIXED LAND MOBILELAND MOBILERadio astronomyFIXEDMOBILEFIXEDMOBILELAND MOBILE MOBILEFIXED FIXEDLAND MOBILE LAND MOBILE FIXEDMOBILE LAND MOBILE FIXEDMOBILE
AMATEUR BROADCASTING
(TELEVISION )
FIXEDMOBILE RADIO ASTRONOMYMOBILEFIXEDAERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATIONMOBILEMOBILE FIXEDFIXED
BROADCASTING (TELEVISION)
BROADCASTING
(FM RADIO) AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
AERONAUTICALMOBILE (R) AERONAUTICALMOBILE (R)AERONAUTICAL MOBILEAERONAUTICAL MOBILE AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (R)MOBILE-SATELLITE(space-to-Earth) MOBILE-SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)Mobile-satellite (space-to-Earth) Mobile-satellite (space-to-Earth)
SPACE RESEARCH (space-to-Earth)SPACE RESEARCH (space-to-Earth)SPACE RESEARCH (space-to-Earth)SPACE RESEARCH (space-to-Earth)
SPACE OPERATION(space-to-Earth)SPACE OPERATION(space-to-Earth)SPACE OPERATION(space-to-Earth)SPACE OPERATION(space-to-Earth)
MET. SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)MET. SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)MET. SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)MET. SATELLITE(space-to-Earth) FIXEDMOBILEAMATEUR- SATELLITEAMATEURAMATEURFIXEDMOBILEMOBILE-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)FIXEDMOBILEFIXED LAND MOBILE FIXED LAND MOBILE
RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE MARITIME MOBILE MARITIME MOBILE MARITIME MOBILEMOBILE except aeronautical mobileFIXED LAND MOBILE MARITIME MOBILE MOBILE except aeronautical mobile MARITIME MOBILE (AIS)MOBILE except aeronautical mobile FIXED FIXEDLand mobileFIXEDMOBILE FIXEDMOBILE except aeronautical mobileMobileFIXEDMOBILE except aeronautical mobile FIXED MOBILE
LAND MOBILE
MARITIME MOBILE (distress, urgency, safety and calling) MARITIME MOBILE (AIS) MOBILE except aeronautical mobileFIXED Amateur AERONAUTICALMOBILE (R) MOBILE-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)
BROADCASTING (TELEVISION)
FIXEDAMATEUR Land mobile Fixed
30.0 30.56 32.0 33.0 34.0 35.0 36.0 37.0 37.5 38.0 38.25 39.0 40.0 42.0 43.69 46.6 47.0 49.6 50.0 54.0 72.0 73.0 74.6 74.8 75.2 75.4 76.0 88.0 108.0 117.975 121.9375 123.0875 123.5875 128.8125 132.0125 136.0 137.0 137.025 137.175 137.825 138.0 144.0 146.0 148.0 149.9 150.05 150.8 152.855 154.0 156.2475 156.7625 156.8375 157.0375 157.1875 157.45 161.575 161.625 161.775 161.9625 161.9875 162.0125 163.0375 173.2 173.4 174.0 216.0 217.0 219.0 220.0 222.0 225.0 300.0
FIXED
FixedLand mobile
LAND MOBILE
LAND MOBILE
300.0
328.6 335.4 399.9 400.05 400.15 401.0 402.0 403.0 406.0 406.1 410.0 420.0 450.0 454.0 455.0 456.0 460.0 462.5375 462.7375 467.5375 467.7375 470.0 512.0 608.0 614.0 698.0 763.0 775.0 793.0 805.0 806.0 809.0 849.0 851.0 854.0 894.0 896.0 901.0 902.0 928.0 929.0 930.0 931.0 932.0 935.0 940.0 941.0 944.0 960.0 1164.0 1215.0 1240.0 1300.0 1350.0 1390.0 1392.0 1395.0 1400.0 1427.0 1429.5 1430.0 1432.0 1435.0 1525.0 1559.0 1610.0 1610.6 1613.8 1626.5 1660.0 1660.5 1668.4 1670.0 1675.0 1695.0 1710.0 1761.0 1780.0 1850.0 2000.0 2020.0 2025.0 2110.0 2180.0 2200.0 2290.0 2300.0 2305.0 2310.0 2320.0 2345.0 2360.0 2390.0 2395.0 2417.0 2450.0 2483.5 2495.0 2500.0 2655.0 2690.0 2700.0 2900.0 3000.0
300 MHz
AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION FIXEDMOBILE RADIONAVIGATION SATELLITEMOBILE SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)STANDARD FREQUECY AND TIME SIGNAL - SATELLITE (400.1 MHz)MET. AIDS(Radiosonde)
MOBILE SAT (S-E)
SPACE RES. (S-E)
Space Opn. (S-E)MET. SAT.(S-E)MET. AIDS(Radiosonde)SPACE OPN. (S-E)
MET-SAT. (E-S)
EARTH EXPL SAT. (E-S)Earth Expl Sat(E-S) Earth Expl Sat(E-S)EARTH EXPL SAT. (E-S)MET-SAT. (E-S)MET. AIDS(Radiosonde)
Met-Satellite (E-S) Met-Satellite (E-S) METEOROLOGICAL AIDS (RADIOSONDE)MOBILE SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)RADIOASTRONOMYFIXEDMOBILE FIXEDMOBILESPACE RESEARCH (space-to-space)
RADIOLOCATIONAmateur LAND MOBILEFIXEDLAND MOBILELAND MOBILEFIXEDLAND MOBILE Meteorological
Satellite (space-to-Earth)
LAND MOBILEFIXEDLAND MOBILEFIXED LAND MOBILELAND MOBILE LAND MOBILEFIXEDBROADCASTING
(TELEVISION)
FIXED BROADCASTING
(TELEVISION)
LAND MOBILE(medical telemetry andmedical telecommand)
RADIO ASTRONOMY
BROADCASTING(TELEVISION)
BROADCASTING(TELEVISION)MOBILE FIXEDMOBILE FIXEDMOBILE FIXEDMOBILE FIXEDMOBILE LAND MOBILEFIXEDLAND MOBILEAERONAUTICAL MOBILE LAND MOBILE AERONAUTICAL MOBILE FIXEDLAND MOBILE FIXEDLAND MOBILEFIXEDMOBILE RADIOLOCATIONFIXEDFIXEDLAND MOBILEFIXEDMOBILEFIXEDLAND MOBILEFIXEDFIXEDLAND MOBILEFIXEDMOBILEFIXEDFIXED AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)(space-to-space) EARTH EXPLORATION- SATELLITE (active) RADIO- LOCATION RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)(space-to-space) SPACE RESEARCH (active) Space research (active) Earth exploration- satellite (active)
RADIO- LOCATION SPACE RESEARCH(active)
AERONAUTICALRADIO - NAVIGATION Amateur
AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION FIXEDMOBILE RADIOLOCATIONFIXEDMOBILE ** Fixed-satellite (Earth-to-space)FIXEDMOBILE ** LAND MOBILE (medical telemetry and medical telecommand)SPACE RESEARCH(passive)RADIO ASTRONOMYEARTH EXPLORATION - SATELLITE(passive)LAND MOBILE(telemetry and telecommand) LAND MOBILE(medical telemetry and medical telecommand Fixed-satellite(space-to-Earth)
FIXED (telemetry andtelecommand)LAND MOBILE(telemetry & telecommand)FIXEDMOBILE ** MOBILE (aeronautical telemetry)MOBILE SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)(space-to-space)MOBILE SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)
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Mobile-satellite (space-to-Earth)
MOBILE SATELLITE(Earth-to-space) MOBILE SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)RADIO ASTRONOMY RADIO ASTRONOMY FIXEDMOBILE **
METEOROLOGICAL AIDS(radiosonde) METEOROLOGICALSATELLITE (space-to-Earth)METEOROLOGICALSATELLITE (space-to-Earth) FIXED
MOBILE
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SPACE RESEARCH (Earth-to-space) (space-to-space) EARTH EXPLORATION- SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) (space-to-space) FIXED MOBILE
SPACE OPERATION
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MOBILEFIXED
SPACE RESEARCH (space-to-Earth) (space-to-space) EARTH EXPLORATION-
SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) (space-to-space) SPACE OPERATION (space-to-Earth) (space-to-space) MOBILE(ling of sight only including aeronautical telemetry, but excluding aircraft) FIXED (line of sight only)
FIXED
SPACE RESEARCH(space-to-Earth)(deep space)MOBILE** AmateurFIXEDMOBILE**AmateurRADIOLOCATIONRADIOLOCATIONMOBILEFIXED Radio- location MobileFixedBROADCASTING - SATELLITEFixedRadiolocationFixedMobile
Radio- location
BROADCASTINGSA TELLITEFIXEDMOBILERADIOLOCATIONRADIOLOC ATIONMOBILEMOBILEAMATEUR AMATEUR RadiolocationMOBILEFIXED
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RADIODETERMINATION-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)FIXEDMOBILE** MOBILE**FIXED
Earth exploration-(passive)satellite Space research (passive) Radio astronomy MOBILE**
FIXED EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE(passive)
RADIO ASTRONOMY
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METEOROLOGICALAIDS Radiolocation Radiolocation RADIOLOCATION
MARITIME RADIO- NAVIGATION
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AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION
AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION AERONAUTICALRADIONA
VIGATION
AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION Space research
(active) Earth exploration- satellite (active)
EARTH EXPLORATION- SATELLITE (active)
Fixed
FIXED FIXEDMOBILE
ISM – 24.125 ± 0.125 ISM – 5.8 ± .075 GHz
3GHz
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AERONAUTICAL RADIONA
VIGATION(ground based)RADIOLOCATIONRadiolocation FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)Radiolocation
FIXED
AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION MOBILE FIXEDMOBILE RADIO ASTRONOMYSpace Research (passive) RADIOLOCATION RADIOLOCATIONRADIOLOCATION
METEOROLOGICALAIDSAmateur FIXED SPACE RESEARCH (deep space)(Earth-to-space) FixedFIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION
RADIOLOCATIONRadiolocation MARITIME RADIONAVIGATIONRADIONAVIGATION Amateur FIXED RADIO ASTRONOMY BROADCASTING-SATELLITE FixedMobile FixedMobileFIXEDMOBILE SPACE RESEARCH(passive)RADIO ASTRONOMYEARTH EXPLORATION -SATELLITE (passive) FIXED FIXEDMOBILE
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
FIXED
MOBILE MOBILE AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION
Standard frequency and time signalsatellite (Earth-to-space)
FIXED
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MOBILEINTER-SATELLITE
30 GHz
Earth exploration- satellite (active)
Space research(active)RADIOLOCATION RADIOLOCATION AERONAUTICAL RADIONA VIGATION(ground based)
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
FIXED RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATIONRADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)(space-to-space) AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATIONFIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) Earth exploration- satellite (active) Space research Radiolocation EARTH EXPLORATION-
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RADIOLOCATION
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SATELLITE(active) SPACE RESEARCH (active)
RADIOLOCATION
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SATELLITE(active) SPACE RESEARCH (active) RADIOLOCATION
AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION Earth exploration- satellite (active) Radiolocation Space research (active) EARTH EXPLORATION-
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RADIONAVIGATION Earth exploration- satellite (active) Space research (active) EARTH EXPLORATION- SATELLITE(active) SPACE RESEARCH (active)
MARITIMERADIONAVIGATION RADIOLOCATION MARITIME RADIONAVIGATIONRADIOLOCATIONMARITIME RADIONAVIGATION AmateurRADIOLOCATION MOBILEFIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) FIXEDFIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)FIXEDFIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)(space-to-Earth)FIXEDFIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)(space-to-Earth)MOBILEFIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)MOBILEFIXEDMOBILEFIXEDFIXEDFIXEDSPACE RESEARCH (Earth-to-space) FIXEDMOBILE-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)FIXEDMobile-satellite (space-to-Earth)FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) FIXEDMobile-satellite (space-to-Earth) METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) FIXEDMobile-satellite (space-to-Earth)FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)Fixed FIXED
Mobile-satellite(Earth-to-space)(no airborne)FIXED SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)EARTH EXPLORATION- SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)Mobile-satellite(Earth-to-space)(no airborne)FIXEDEARTH EXPLORATION- SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
METEOROLOGICAL- SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) FIXED Mobile-satellite(Earth-to-space)(no airborne)FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)Space research (deep space)(space-to-Earth)SPACE RESEARCH (deep space)(space-to-Earth)FIXEDSPACE RESEARCH (space-to-Earth)FIXED
Earth exploration - satellite (active) Radio- location Space research (active) EARTH EXPLORATION-
SATELLITE (active) RADIO- LOCATION SPACE RESEARCH (active)
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RadiolocationRadiolocationAmateur-satelliteAmateurRadiolocationRADIOLOCATIONRADIOLOCATION FIXEDEARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)SPACE RESEARCH (passive)EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)SPACE RESEARCH (passive)FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)FIXEDFIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)FIXEDFIXEDFIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) Space research (active) EARTH EXPLORATION - SATELLITE (active) SPACE RESEARCH (active)
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Radio- location Space research RADIO - LOCATION Space research FIXED- SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) Space research
Radio - location FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)Mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space)Space researchMobile-satellite (space-to-Earth)FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
Mobile-satellite (Earth-to-space) Space research MOBILESPACE RESEARCHFixedFIXEDSPACE RESEARCHMobile FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATIONAERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATIONRADIOLOCATIONSpace research (deep space)(Earth-to-space)RADIOLOCATIONRADIOLOCATION
EARTH EXPLORATION- SATELLITE (active) RADIO- LOCATION SPACE RESEARCH (active) Earth exploration- satellite (active) Radio- location Space research (active)
RadiolocationFIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)FIXEDFIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) SPACE RESEARCH(passive)EARTH EXPLORATION -SATELLITE (passive)FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
Standard frequency time signaland satellite (space-to- Earth) FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) FIXEDEARTH EXPLORATION -SATELLITE (passive)SPACE RESEARCH(passive) FIXEDMOBILE**
EARTH EXPLORATION- SATELLITE (passive) MOBILE**
FIXED
SPACE
RESEARCH (passive)
RADIOASTRONOMY MOBILEFIXEDFIXEDMOBILEFIXEDMOBILEEARTH EXPLORATION -SATELLITE - (passive)SPACE RESEARCH(passive)RADIOASTRONOMY
Earth exploration -satellite (active)
RADIONAVIGATIONFIXED-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)FIXED
Standard frequency and time signal satellite (Earth-to-space) FIXED FIXED EARTH EXPLORATION -SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) SPACE RESEARCH (space-to-Earth)
MOBILE INTER-SATELLITE
Inter-satelliteFIXEDINTER-SATELLITE FIXED-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space) FIXED-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)
RADIOLOCATIONMARITIMERADIONAVIGATION AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION INTER-SATELLITE Inter-satellite
Earth exploration - satellite (active)
FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space) FIXED Space research Radiolocation
RadiolocationRadiolocation
RADIOLOCATION
RADIOLOCATION
Earth exploration- satellite (active)
3.0
3.1 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.65 3.7 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.8 4.94 4.99 5.0 5.01 5.03 5.15 5.25 5.255 5.35 5.46 5.47 5.57 5.6 5.65 5.83 5.85 5.925 6.425 6.525 6.7 6.875 7.025 7.075 7.125 7.145 7.19 7.235 7.25 7.3 7.45 7.55 7.75 7.85 7.9 8.025 8.175 8.215 8.4 8.45 8.5 8.55 8.65 9.0 9.2 9.3 9.5 9.8 10.0 10.45 10.5 10.55 10.6 10.68 10.7 11.7 12.2 12.7 13.25 13.4 13.75 14.0 14.2 14.4 14.5 14.7145 14.8 15.1365 15.35 15.4 15.43 15.63 15.7 16.6 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.7 17.8 18.3 18.6 18.8 19.3 19.7 20.2 21.2 21.4 22.0 22.21 22.5 22.55 23.55 23.6 24.0 24.05 24.25 24.45 24.65 24.75 25.05 25.25 25.5 27.0 27.5 29.5 30.0
MOBILE
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
FIXED-SATELLITE(space-to-Earth) FIXED-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space) Earth
exploration - satellite (active)
Amateur-satellite(space-to-Earth) FIXED-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)
FIXED -SATELLITE(Earth-to-space) MOBILE - SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)
Standard Frequency and Time Signal
Satellite (space-to-Earth)
FIXEDMOBILE RADIOASTRONOMYSPACERESEARCH (passive)
EARTHEXPLORATION -SATTELLITE (passive)RADIONAVIGATION INTER-SATELLITE RADIONAVIGATION Radiolocation FIXED FIXED
MOBILE
Mobile Fixed
BROADCASTING MOBILE
SPACE RESEARCH (passive)EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive) SPACE RESEARCH (passive)EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)SPACERESEARCH(passive)
MOBILE
FIXED MOBILE SATELLITE (space-to- Earth) MOBILE-SATELLITERADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE
FIXED- SATELLITE (space-to- Earth)
AMATEURAMATEUR-SATELLITE
SPACE RESEARCH (passive)
RADIO ASTRONOMY
EARTH EXPLORATION- SATELLITE
(passive)
MOBILEFIXEDRADIO-LOCATION INTER-SATELLITE
RADIO- NAVIGATION
RADIO- NAVIGATION-
SATELLITE AMATEURAMATEUR - SATELLITERADIOLOCATION EARTHSPACE RESEARCHEXPLORATION- SATELLITE (passive)(passive) SPACERESEARCH(passive) RADIOASTRONOMY MOBILEFIXED RADIOASTRONOMY
INTER-SATELLITE RADIONAVIGATIONRADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE
SPACE RESEARCH (Passive)
RADIOASTRONOMY EARTH EXPLORATION-
SATELLITE (Passive)
MOBILEFIXED MOBILEFIXED
MOBILE FIXED
FIXED- SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
RADIOLOCATIONAMATEURAMATEUR-SATELLITEAmateurAmateur-satellite EARTH EXPLORATION- SATELLITE (passive) MOBILE SPACE RESEARCH(deep space) (space-to-Earth) MOBILE
MOBILE SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) SPACE RESEARCH (Earth-to-space) FIXED- SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
BROADCASTING-SATELLITE INTER- SATELLITEEARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)SP
ACE RESEARCH (passive)
FIXEDMOBILE** SPACERESEARCH(passive)
EARTHEXPLORATION- SATELLITE (passive)
RADIONAVIGATION RADIO-LOCATION SPACE RESEARCH(deep space) (Earth-to-space)Radio-location
Space research (deep space) (Earth-to-space) RadiolocationRADIOLOCATIONEARTHEXPLORATION -SATTELLITE (active)
RADIO LOCATION SPACE RESEARCH (active)
Earthexploration -sattellite (active) Radio location Space research (active) EARTH EXPLORATION -SATELLITE(passive)FIXEDMOBILE
SPACERESEARCH (passive) FIXEDMOBILEFIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)EARTH EXPLORATIONSATELLITE(Earth-to-space) Earth explorationsatellite(space-to-Earth)
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) FIXED MOBILE
BROADCASTING-SATELLITEBROADCASTINGFIXED- SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)FIXEDMOBILEBROADCASTINGBROADCASTING SATELLITE FIXEDMOBILE**FIXED-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)RADIO ASTRONOMYFIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) MOBILEMOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) MOBILE-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)MOBILEFIXED FIXEDMOBILEFIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)FIXEDMOBILEFIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) FIXED MOBILE
FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)SPACE RESEARCH (passive)INTER- SATELLITEINTER- SATELLITE EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)SPACE RESEARCH (passive) FIXED MOBILE EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)SPACE RESEARCH (passive)INTER- SATELLITE
FIXED MOBILE
INTER- SATELLITE
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FIXED- SATELLITE (Earth-to-space) MOBILE- SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
Space research (space-to-Earth) FIXED MOBILE FIXED- SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
FIXED
MOBILE EARTH EXPLORATION-
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RADIO- LOCATION RADIO-LOCATIONMOBILEFIXED
FIXED MOBILE
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RADIO- NAVIGATION- SATELLITE
RADIOASTRONOMY SPACERESEARCH(passive)EARTHEXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive) SPACERESEARCH(passive) FIXEDMOBILESPACERESEARCH(passive)EARTHEXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)
SPACERESEARCH(passive)EARTHEXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive) SPACERESEARCH(passive)INTER-SATELLITE FIXEDMOBILEAmateur
FIXED- SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) MOBILE- SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
Radio astronomy FIXED
MOBILE INTER- SATELLITE EARTHEXPLORATION-SATELLITE (active)
RADIOASTRONOMY Radio astronomy Amateur - satelliteAmateurFIXEDMOBILERADIO ASTRONOMYSPACE RESEARCH(passive)RADIO ASTRONOMY EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)FIXEDMOBILERADIO ASTRONOMYRADIOLOCATIONEARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)
FIXED
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MOBILE-SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)FIXEDMOBILE FIXEDMOBILEFIXED-SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)INTER-SATELLITE EARTHEXPLORATION- SATELLITE (passive)SPACE RESEARCH(passive)INTER-SATELLITESPACE RESEARCH(passive)EARTHEXPLORATION- SATELLITE (passive)EARTHEXPLORATION- SATELLITE (passive)INTER-SATELLITESPACE RESEARCH(passive) EARTH EXPLORATION- SATELLITE (passive)SPACE RESEARCH(passive) FIXED MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITEINTER-SATELLITE SPACE RESEARCH(passive)EARTHEXPLORATION- SATELLITE (passive)RADIOASTRONOMY FIXEDMOBILEFIXED-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)RADIOASTRONOMY SPACE RESEARCH (passive) FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)RADIOASTRONOMY MOBILE
FIXEDMOBILE
FIXED-SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)EARTHEXPLORATION- SATELLITE (passive)SPACE RESEARCH(passive)FIXED-SATELLITE(space-to-Earth) RADIO-NAVIGATION
RADIO-NAVIGATION-SATELLITE RADIO- LOCATION RADIOLOCATIONRADIOASTRONOMYRadioastronomySPACE RESEARCHRADIOASTRONOMY(passive)
FIXED MOBILE
MOBILE-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)RADIOASTRONOMY
RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITERADIO NAVIGATIONFIXEDFIXED-SATELLITE(Earth-to-space)NOT ALLOCATED
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FIXEDFIXED-SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)MOBILE MOBILE-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
FIXED
MOBILE
FIXED FIXED FIXED
30.0 31.0 31.3 31.8 32.3 33.0 33.4 34.2 34.7 35.5 36.0 37.0 37.5 38.0 38.6 39.5 40.0 40.5 41.0 42.0 42.5 43.5 45.5 46.9 47.0 47.2 48.2 50.2 50.4 51.4 52.6 54.25 55.78 56.9 57.0 58.2 59.0 59.3 64.0 65.0 66.0 71.0 74.0 76.0 77.0 77.5 78.0 81.0 84.0 86.0 92.0 94.0 94.1 95.0 100.0 102.0 105.0 109.5 111.8 114.25 116.0 122.25 123.0 130.0 134.0 136.0 141.0 148.5 151.5 155.5 158.5 164.0 167.0 174.5 174.8 182.0 185.0 190.0 191.8 200.0 209.0 217.0 226.0 231.5 232.0 235.0 238.0 240.0 241.0 248.0 250.0 252.0 265.0 275.0 300.0
30GHz 300 GHz
Amateur- satellite
Amateur-satellite Amateur-satellite
RADIO ASTRONOMY RADIOASTRONOMY RADIOASTRONOMYRADIOASTRONOMY BROADCASTINGSATELLITE
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ISM - 6.78 ± .015 MHz ISM - 13.560 ± .007 MHz ISM - 27.12 ± .163 MHz
ISM - 40.68 ± .02 MHz
3 GHz
ISM - 915.0± .13 MHz ISM - 2450.0± .50 MHz
3 GHz
ISM - 122.5± 0.500 GHz
ISM - 61.25± 0.25 GHz ISM - 245.0± 1 GHz
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE SATELLITE
AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION
AMATEUR
AMATEUR SATELLITE
BROADCASTING
BROADCASTING SATELLITE
EARTH EXPLORATION SATELLITE
FIXED
FIXED SATELLITE
INTER-SATELLITE
LAND MOBILE
LAND MOBILE SATELLITE
MARITIME MOBILE SATELLITE
MARITIME RADIONAVIGATION
METEOROLOGICAL
METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE MARITIME MOBILE
MOBILE
MOBILE SATELLITE
RADIO ASTRONOMY
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RADIONAVIGATION
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SPACE OPERATION
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STANDARD FREQUENCY AND TIME SIGNAL
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MOBILE SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)FIXEDMOBILE
BROADCASTINGSA
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RADIONA VIGA TION
Radiolocation
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MOBILEFIXED FIXEDRADIOASTRONOMY RADIOASTRONOMY RADIOASTRONOMY RADIOASTRONOMY Radiolocation Radiolocation
Radiolocation Radiolocation RADIO ASTRONOMY
FIXED-SATELLITE(space-to-Earth)SPACE RESEARCH(space-to-Earth)
AERONAUTICALMOBILE (R) MOBILE ** SPACE OPERATION (Earth-to-space)
(2016.10)
465.0375 452.3
446.525
5.725 14
19 21
20.05 70
20 19.95
59 61
72 90 132
131 308
410 425441.075 446.15 454 468 480 490 500 512
N A V T E X
518 531 1602 1615 1740 1800 1850 1902.5 1950 2002.5 2091 2174.52187.5 2250 2500 26352638
(R) 3008.43023
3173.75 3500 35503556
3603 3707.5 37903800 3900 39504000
400540634065
4016.5 4146
4125
4216.25 41524170
4177.5 4180.25
4181.75 (A1A 4186.754202.25
4207.254209.25
4207.54209.5 M S I
4210 4219.25
4221 4351 4438 4555
(R)
4688.4 5000 5185
5680 5950 62006224
6215 62336260
6268 6269.75
6275.75 (A1A 6280.75
6284.75 (A1A 6300.25
6311.756313.75
6312 M S I
6314 6321.75
6330.75
6332.5 6501 6525 67656795
7000 7200 7450 7495 7712 80008100 8195 8294
82918300 8339
(
8340 8341.758365.75
(A1A (A1A
8364 A 1 A
8370.75 8374.75
8376.5 8383.75
8414 8414.25
8414.5 8416.5 M S I
8416.75 8423.75
8436.25 (A1A
8438 8707 8815 9500 9900 1000010003
(R) 10073.4
10100 10150 11650 12050
12290 1223012353
12368 12419
( 12420
12421.75 (A1A 12422.25
12476.25 12520 12522.75
12549.75 12554.75
6261 6262.75
12559.75 12576.75
12577 12578.75
M S I
12579 12624.75
12654.75
13200 12656.75
12658.5 13077
(R) 13334.4
R F I D / U SN
I S M 13560
13552 13568 13600 13800 14000 14350 14369 14993 15000 15100 15600 16000 16360 16528
16420 165491661516618.75
16617 (A1A
16681.75 16695
16733.75 16698.75
A1 A 16738.75
16804 16804.25
16804.5 M S I 16806.516821.75 16902.75
16904.5 17242 17410 17550 17900
(R) 17917.4
18068 18168
1878018825 18880.25
18900 19680
M S I 19680.5
19683.75
19703.25 19705
A1A 19755
19800 19993 20000 21000 21450 21850
(R) 21971.422000
22159
22180 22240
( 22241.75
22279.25
22284.25
22289.75 22375.75
M S I 22376
22376.25 22443.25
22443.75
22445.5 22696 22855 23350 24000 2489024990
2500025070
25100 2512125161.25 25172.75
25171.25 25208.25
25210
25670 26100
M S I
26100.5 26102.75
26120.75 26122.5
A1A
26145
26175 2695826965 2728227405
27386 27404
27821
27440 27837
·
·
·
· 18846
29.7
39.22
39.48 42.84
43.1248.5
50 54 72.6 73.9672
72.6174.8 75
· 75.675.62
75.8
76 88 108 117.975
ILS
VOR
109.1116.3 121.5
123.1123.4
G MP C S 142.0125
142.5 142 142.45 142.4875
142.5125 144146
146.5 146.6 146.7
147.0125 147.4875
147.45 147.5
147.5125
(GMPCS)
148149.9125149.9375150.05 150.0625
150.5375
150.5625 150.6375 151.5
151.7125
155 154.9875
151.6125 151.725
· ·
151.7875 151.9625
152.0125 152.1
152.125 152.4375
154.6875 154.6375
154.8125 154.9 155.3 156.025
156.125 D S C
156.4875 156.5625 156.7875
156.8125
159.6625 159.8125
159.95159.9875 160.5375 159.5125 159.6375
·
160 A I S
161.9625 161.9875
162.0125
A I S
162.0375
165.2625 165.4625
· 166 166.025
166.0125166.0375 166.775
172.075
166.0625 170.0125
170.025
172.25 171.0125
171.2375 216
216.05
216.2 219.5 220.125 220.11220.25
220.55 220.275
220.45 220.5
220.7 220.8 220.75
220.725
·
220.95
221.125 221.075 221.05 221.225
217
222.45222.975 223
225 235.3 243
256 262 264
/
271 273 311.00625311.13125 317.9875
320.9875 ILS
318.1375 319.1375 331.4
322 328.6335.4 358.5 358.5375
(LBS) 377
40.665 400.1
(MICS)
401.65 402
405406 406.1421.985
424
424.1375 424.2625 424.69375
424.95625 425
426 433.67
434.17 433.795434.045
R FI D / U S N 430 440441
441.125 441.35
443.3375 443.35 441.525 441.8125441.9625
446.9625
442.175
399.9
T V
(UHDTV)
698 710 718 728 748
T V
(UHDTV)
753 771 773 783 803 806
(TRS)
811 817
G B 819
KT LTE (5M) SKT 2G (5M) SKT LTE (10M)
LGU+
LTE (10M) 824 829 839
849
G B
851 856 862
G B
864 894
KT LTE (5M) SKT 2G (5M) 869 874 SKT LTE (10M)
LGU+
LTE (10M) G B 897
897.9 897.93
898900 904.3
KT LTE (10M) 915
914.3 RFID
/ USN 917
923.55 924.05625
924.645 924.45625
924.705 925 937.5
938 940 R F I D / U S N 940.1 946.3
949.3 960
KT LTE (10M)
1215
S S R
A T C
1030 1090
1134 1197
1400
1260 1300 1427 1525 1559
1535
1610 1626.5
(GMPCS) (user link)
1660.5
1660 1680
1687
1700 1710
SKT LTE (10M)
SKT LTE (5M) KT LTE (5M)
KT LTE (20M)
LGU+
2G (10M) 1715
17251730 1735
1785
1740 1745 17651770 1780
1805
(DCP) 1786.75
1791.95 R F I D / U S N 1788.478
1791.95 SKT LTE (20M)
KT LTE (30M)
LGU+
2G (10M)
G B 1880
1810 1830 1860
1875 1885
(TDD) 1920
LGU+
LTE (20M)
SKT LTE (10M) 1940 1950
SKT 3G (10M)
KT LTE (10M) KT 3G (10M)
1980
(GMPCS) (user link) 2010
(TDD)
2025 2037.64 2072.5 2110
2100.75 LGU+
LTE (20M)
SKT LTE (10M) SKT 3G (10M)
KT LTE (10M) KT 3G (10M)
2130 21402150 2160
2170
(GMPCS) (user link)
2.3
2.2716 WiBro
SKT (30M) KT (30M)
2.33 2.36 2.39 G B 2.4835
(DCP)
2.4
2.45 G MP C S u s er li n k
2.5
SKT LTE (20M) 2.52
LGU+
LTE (20M) SKT LTE (10M) 2.542.55
G B 2.575 2.57
WiBro / 2.615
G B 2.62
SKT LTE (20M) LGU+
LTE (20M) SKT LTE (10M) 2.69
2.642.66 2.67
2.7 3
3.13.2 3.4
G B LGU+
5G (80M)
KT 5G (100M)
3.7
3.42 3.5 3.6 SKT 5G (100M)
3.705 4.2 M/W 3.735
4.8
4.224.44.5 55.03
5.091 5.15
5.255.35 5.47
5.48 5.6 5.46
5.847 5.85
I T S 5.855
7.11 M/W
5.9256 7.1 7.725 8.27502
8.494944 8.5 9.32
8.858.75 9.5
(VTS)
9.419.48 9.36
10.03 10.210.3
10.5
10.55 10.7
11.7
10.95 12.75
12.2 13.75 13.4
13.25 14.8
14 14.4714.7
16 16.6 17.7
17.85 18.1 17.74
18.1418.148
19.19 19.26 19.3 19.719.8
20.2
21.2 23.6
22.35
22 24 24.25
ISM
26.5
LGU+
5G (800M) KT 5G (800M)
SKT 5G (800M)
31
30
29.6 31.3
31.4 31.5
34.275 34.875
36.5
42.5
41.5
47 47.2 48.94 50.250.4
52.6 54.25 57 66 71 76
75.5
81 86 92
102 109.5 111.8 114.25 116 123 148.5151.5 164 167 182 185 190 191.8 200 209 226 231.5 244246 248250 252
16806.25 19691.25
150.7125
380
884
959.3
1870 1960 1970
M/W
8.275 15.4
18.82
24.05 27.3 28.1 28.9
923.5
(IMMARSAT) (GMPCS)(user link)
(IMMARSAT) (GMPCS)(user link)
122
128.9131.9 1825 2182 3655
315
18873 18898.25
27422
·
·
150.55 150.675
151.875 151.5125
· · ·
152.5 152.4 152.3
154.6625 154.95
152.45 154.5125 154.575
154.6 154.5
165.5375 167.25
171 166.05
166.7875 166.8
171.7125 171.8 171.0875
171.1625
216.075 216.15216.125
220.22 216.1216.175
216.225 220.3
220.475
220.525 220.575220.675
220.775 221.1
221.15 221.2 221.175
235.3125 235.3375
235.325 358.5125 358.525
(TRS) (TRS) 389.9 390
· · 441.5 442.15
·
442.6
443.3625 443.375 443.4 443.4125
443.425 443.5
444.025 444
444.2
444.15 445
· ·
445.1 443
445.15 446
446.125 446.35
·
446.8125
447.25
447.99375 447.25625
447.2575 447.5675
447.56875 447.59375 447.595 447.9925
448.3375448.35448.3625 448.4 448.4125 448.425448.4375
448.375 448.5 448.7375
448.925 449.2625 449.15
450.05 451.1 451.35
451.15 451.225
451.7
451.2 451.925 451.95
451.975 452.05 452.075 452.1 452.1125 452.1375 452.1625
452.2 452.225 452.2375
452.275
452.2875 452.3125 452.325 452.425 452.525 452.7
452.875 452.9 452.9125 452.925
452.95
452.9875 453.1 456.2 456.15456.225
456.25 456.925 456.95 456.975
457.0125 457.1375
· DGPS 457.15
D G P S
457.1625 457.1675
457.175 457.225457.2375 457.2
457.2875
457.275 457.3 457.3125
457.325 457.425
457.525 457.7 457.875
457.9 457.9125 457.925
457.95 457.9875 458.05 458.1 458.25
458.45
458.525 458.5375
· · 458.65458.85
458.95 458.9625 460.625 460.825
460.925 460.975
462.575 462.625 462.6375 462.65 462.825 462.85 462.875 462.9
462.95 462.9625 462.9875
463.125 463.175 463.275 463.375
463.4125
463.425 463.4375
·
463.4625
·
463.5
·
463.525
·
463.5375 463.5625
463.65 463.675
·
463.775 463.8
·
463.825
· ·
463.875 463.9 463.925
463 463.95
465.025465.05 465.85
465.825
467.625 467.6375
467.65
·
467.775
·
··
467.5 467.825 467.875467.9
467.9875
468.175 468.275 468.375
468.5625 468.65 468.675 468.8468.925468.95 470
469
924.655924.695 2040.9 2085.752091.765
6.425 6.43
M/W
8.35 8.43
8.34333 8.426634
9.39 9.45
11.2 11.45 18.85
18.91 18.7
18.94 19.16 49.04
295 298 300 287290
310 319323
441.15 446.075
···
22299.2522374.25 22382.25 22389.25
···
2778927805 27856 27869 27885 27901
40.24540.50540.656 40.7044 40.70541.005
73.91 74
149.925
156.05156.075
156.1 159.6
· 159.5 159.575
159.9 159.6875 160.2625
217.25
445.5 443.4375
(TRS) (TRS) (TRS)
173.01875 174 173.28125 173.3
(441.5 447.25)
452.0125
···
A1 A
A1 A A1 A
A1 A A1 A
160.4625
···
··
·· ··
(M/W)
(VTS)
V T S V T S D
G P S
M/W
12 DGPS
138 137
151.7625 151.625
