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Study on the Structural and the Electrical Properties of SnO 2 Thin Films Synthesized by Using Sol-gel and Rapid Thermal Annealing Processes

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Vol. 63, No. 8, August 2013, pp. 905∼908

New Physics: Sae Mulli, DOI: 10.3938/NPSM.63.905

Study on the Structural and the Electrical Properties of SnO 2 Thin Films Synthesized by Using Sol-gel and Rapid Thermal Annealing Processes

Jong Hoon Lee · Fan Zhang · Hong Seung Kim

Department of Nano Semiconductor Engineering, Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Korea

Jin Hwa Ryu · Kyu-Ha Baek

IoT Convergence Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunication Research Institute, Daejeon 305-700, Korea (Received 20 May 2013 : revised 11 June 2013 : accepted 9 August 2013)

In this study, the structural and the electrical properties of SnO

2

thin films were investigated according to the sintering-temperature conditions for the sol-gel process. The SnO

2

thin films annealed at temperatures over 800

C were shown not to have improved crystallinity and to have a surface morphology with increasing surface unevenness due to recrystallization. The carrier concentrations of the annealed SnO

2

thin films were confirmed to be about 10

18

∼ 10

19

/cm

3

, and the carrier concentration decreased with increasing annealing temperature. The mobilities of the SnO

2

thin films ranged from 0.83 to 4.74 cm

2

/Vs, and the resistivities were confirmed to range from 0.06 to 1.01 Ω·cm.

PACS numbers: 61.66.Fn, 81.40.Ef, 81.20.Fw, 72.20.My Keywords: SnO

2

, RTP, Sol-gel, Hall measurement

ú

v Ú-¦ t  0 n É® Žz º ¶  ¥V R Ëc Ü R SnO 2 U c lT c l8 ý ò k @’ Ò × ° ‚ Ç% iP  Œ Ÿ «X N Ë; c   \ ¥ U c lT c l8 ý  Œ ºX ì Ä,

 ¹

ÅM X ì Ä — ¤V R Ë Ž ì ŏ Œ

T

 ø ¶ B0 å  · Fan Zhang · ™ » ý — ¡Š û B

ô

 Dz D G K € ª œ@ /† < Ɠ § / B N õ @ /† < Æ  ” ¸ ì ø ͕ ¸^ ‰ / B N † < Æõ ,  Òí ß – 606-791

©

¼ . > é s · Ù • v¦  

ô

 Dz D G„   : Ÿ x’  ƒ  ½ ¨" é ¶ IoTÖ 6 x ½ + ˃  ½ ¨Â Ò, @ /„   305-700

(2013¸   5 Z 4 20{ 9  ~ à Î6 £ §, 2013¸   6 Z 4 11{ 9  à º& ñ ‘ : r ~ à Î6 £ §, 2013¸   8 Z 4 9{ 9  > F  S X ‰& ñ )

‘

: r ƒ  ½ ¨\ " f  H a % ¦- 0 q / B N& ñ \ " f ™ è   “ : r • ¸ › ¸| \    É r SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •_  ½ ¨› ¸& h , „  l & h  : £ ¤$ í `  ¦ ì  r$ 3 

% i  . ½ ¨› ¸& h  : £ ¤$ í \ " f SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •“ É r 800

C s  © œ\ " f  H  8 s  © œ_    & ñ $ í † ¾ Ó © œs  { 9 # Q t  · ú §  H

 כ

`  ¦ S X ‰ “   % i Ü ¼ 9, ~ à Ì} Œ •_  ³ ð€   + þ A © œs  F   & ñ  o– Ð “  K  ³ ð€  כ ¹^ o =s  7 £ x  % i  . „  l & h “   : £ ¤$ í \ 

"

f \ P % ƒo   ) a SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •_  „   H o # Q  H €  • 10

18

∼ 10

19

/cm

3

˜ Ð% i Ü ¼ 9, \ P % ƒo  “ : r • ¸ 7 £ x † < Ê\   



 H o # Q à º  H y Œ ™™ è   H  ⠆ ¾ Ó`  ¦ ˜ Ð% i  . SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •_  s 1 l x • ¸  H 0.83 \ " f 4.74 cm

2

/Vs _  ° ú כ`  ¦ t  9, q $ † ½ ӓ É r 0.06 \ " f Ω· cm ° ú כ`  ¦ t   H  כ `  ¦ S X ‰ “   % i  .

PACS numbers: 61.66.Fn, 81.40.Ef, 81.20.Fw, 72.20.My Keywords: SnO

2

, RTP, a % ¦- 0 q, f . Ë 8 £ ¤& ñ

E-mail: [email protected]

905

(2)

906 New Physics: Sae Mulli, Vol. 63, No. 8, August 2013

I. " e  ] Ø



  & ñ í ß – oÓ ü t ì ø ͕ ¸^ ‰“   SnO

2

  H Û ¼G ' p" f_  8 £ ¤& ñ 6   x ì

ø ͕ ¸^ ‰ Ó ü t| 9 – Ð+ ‹ V , o   6   x ) a   [1–4]. Û ¼ o½ + ËÓ ü t \  SnO

2

_  ~ à Ì} Œ •s  ” ¸Ø  ¦ ÷ &€   ~ à Ì} Œ •_  „  l  „  • ¸$ í “ É r    > 

 )

a  . SnO

2

ì ø ͕ ¸^ ‰_   â Ä º í ß –™ è_  / B N/ B N Ü ¼– Ð   † < Ês  ” > r F

  9, s   â Ä º ü @ Ò\ " f \ P \  -t  Å Ò# Qt >  ÷ &€   „  



Å Ò> – Ð  Œ •6   x   H í ß –™ è/ B N/ B N _  „    „  • ¸@ /– Ð s 1 l x 

#

Œ  Ä »„    ÷ &# Q n-+ þ A ì ø ͕ ¸^ ‰  ) a   [5]. s ü < ° ú  “ É r SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •\  í ß –™ èl ^ ‰ f  ¨ ‚ à Ì÷ &>  ÷ &€    Ä »„     H { 9 



³ ð€  _  í ß –™ è l ^ ‰\  Ÿ í S \ ‰ ÷ &€   { 9   > €  \  „  0 A  © œ# 4  s

 + þ A$ í ÷ &# Q „  l  „  • ¸• ¸  H ± ú  t >   ) a  . ì ø Í@ /– Ð í ß –™ è

"

é

¶   ¨ 8 Š " é ¶ s  ÷ &€   „  0 A  © œ# 4 s  ± ú  4 R „  l  „  • ¸$ í “ É r Z

 }  t >   ) a   [6]. l ” > r _  SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •“ É r  € ª œô  Ç ~ ½ ÓZ O Ü ¼

–

Ð 7 £ x ‚ à Ìs  0 p x  . rf-sputter, spray pyrolysis, a % ¦- 0 q 1 p x s

  6   x ÷ &“ ¦ e ”   [7–9]. Õ ª ×  æ a % ¦- 0 q / B N& ñ “ É r 6   xÓ  o\ " f " é ¶

«

Ñ Ó ü t| 9 s  Ø  ¦ µ 1 Ï # Œ “ ¦^ ‰– Ð ™ è   ) a ~ à Ì} Œ •`  ¦ % 3   H ~ ½ ÓZ O s 



. s ü < ° ú  “ É r 6   xÓ  o\ " f r  Œ •÷ &  H ~ ½ ÓZ O “ É r  € ª œô  Ç “   W~ ½ Ó Z O

\  & h 6   x s  0 p x ô  Ç  © œ& h `  ¦ ”   . á ԏ 2 ;à Ô “   W/ B N& ñ , Û ¼ ß

¼ 2 ;á ԏ 2 ;h A, Õ ª q  , Õ ª q   `  v! Ó / B N& ñ s  & h 6   x 0 p x

l  M :ë  H \  l ” > r _  ”  / B N`  ¦ s 6   x ô  Ç 7 £ x ‚ à Ì/ B N& ñ ˜ Ð    

&

h “   Ä º0 A\  ¦ ”    [10]. t ë ß – a % ¦- 0 q / B N& ñ “ É r Ê ê5 Å q Ü ¼– Ð

~ Ã

Ì} Œ •_  ™ è  `  ¦ 0 Aô  Ç / B N& ñ `  ¦ € 9 כ ¹– Ð >   ) a  . s ü < ° ú  

“ É

r @ /| ¾ Ó Ò q tí ß – x 9 / B N& ñ r ç ß –_  é ß –» ¡ ¤`  ¦ 0 AK " f  H / å L5 Å q \ P % ƒ o

\  ¦ : Ÿ x ô  Ç ~ à Ì} Œ • o / B N& ñ s  € 9 כ ¹½ + É  כ Ü ¼– Ð ó ø Íé ß –  ) a  . / å L5 Å q

\ P

% ƒo  / B N& ñ “ É r   É r / B N& ñ r ç ß –Ü ¼– Ð “  K  @ /| ¾ Ó Ò q tí ß –s   0

p

x ½ + É÷  r ë ß –  m   $ q 6   x Ü ¼– Ð 0 p x l  M :ë  H \  $ _ 

Û ¼G ' p" f ] j Œ •\  & h ½ + Ë  . / å L5 Å q \ P % ƒo  r  ~ à Ì} Œ •_  ™ è  

“

: r • ¸ ×  æ כ ¹ô  Ç כ ¹™ è ×  æ  s  .

‘

: r z  ´+ « >“ É r 500

C \ " f 1000

C  t  q “ §& h   ú ª“ É r r ç ß – 1

l

x î ß – \ P % ƒo \  ¦ ½ + É Ã º e ”   H / å L5 Å q\ P % ƒo   © œq – Ð Ê ê5 Å q \ P % ƒ o

  ) a SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •_  : £ ¤$ í `  ¦ ½ ¨› ¸& h , „  l & h Ü ¼– Ð ì  r$ 3  # Œ Õ

ª   õ \  ¦ ˜ Г ¦ô  Ç .

II. ÷ m Ç] M ö U ê s0 n É

‘

: r ƒ  ½ ¨\ " f  6   x ) a 6   xÓ  o“ É r  6 £ § õ  ° ú   . 2-methoxy ethanol (CH

3

OCH

2

CH

2

OH, Aldrich) \  1 M 0 l x • ¸_  tin chloride (SnCl

2

, Aldrich)\  ¦ À Òü < 1 l x1 p x ô  Ç ]  t 0 l x • ¸_  acetylacetone (CH

3

COCH

2

COCH

3

, Aldrich)`  ¦ V , % 3  .

50

C _  \ P ó ø Í 0 A\ " f 2r ç ß – 1 l x î ß –  Õ ªW 1h Ë : \  ¦ s 6   x 

#

Œ ¢ - a„   6   x K  r (   . \ P í ß – o  ) a z  ´o – B H l ó ø Í`  ¦ 2 cm × 2 cm l ó ø Íß ¼l – Ð  Ø Ô“ ¦  [ j— : r õ  \ ò ø Í`  ¦ 6   xÓ  o\  í  H 

&

h Ü ¼– Ð { Œ ™" f œ í6 £ §  [ j' ‘ l \  ¦ s 6   x # Œ 10ì  r ç ß – Ä »l 

Fig. 1. (Color online) X-ray diffraction patterns of SnO

2

thin films annealed from 500 to 1000

C.

[

j' ‘ `  ¦ % i  .  t } Œ •Ü ¼– Ð œ íí  H à ºÓ ü t`  ¦ s 6   x # Œ '  ½ ¨

#

Q ? /% 3  .  t } Œ •Ü ¼– Ð UV-Ozone  © œq \  l ó ø Í`  ¦ V , “ ¦ 20ì  r ç ß – 9 þ t o _ ç `  ¦ % i  . [ j' ‘  ) a l ó ø Í“ É r ½ + Ë$ í  ) a 6   xÓ  o`  ¦ 1 µm ß ¼l _  syringe € 9 ' \  ¦ s 6   x # Œ l ó ø Í0 A\  b  # Qä ¼



2 ; Ê ê Û ¼— 2 ; ï'  (spin coater) © œq \  ¦ s 6   x # Œ 3000 rpm 5

Å

q • ¸– Ð 30 œ íç ß –  r„   • ¸Ÿ í % i  . 6   xÓ  os  • ¸Ÿ í  ) a l ó ø Í`  ¦ 5ì  r 1 l x î ß – y Œ •y Œ • 120

C, 150

C, 200

C \ " f í  H & h Ü ¼– Ð 3 é ß –> – Ð  * $" f \ P  ó ø Í0 A\ " f \ P % ƒo \  ¦ % i  . s ü < ° ú   s

 \ P % ƒo   ) a l ó ø Í`  ¦ / å L5 Å q \ P % ƒo  / B N& ñ  © œq  (Rapid ther- mal process, RTP)\  ¦ s 6   x # Œ 500

C \ " f 1000

C   t

 100

C m ”  7 £ x  r v €  " f 5ì  r 1 l x î ß – @ /l ì  r 0 Al \ " f

\ P

% ƒo \  ¦ % i  .

\ P

% ƒo   ) a Ò  re  ¦“ É r X-ray  r] X  J ‡   8 £ ¤& ñ l , ~ à Ì} Œ • ¿ ºa  8

£ ¤& ñ l , Å Ò  „    ‰ & ³p  â , f . Ë 8 £ ¤& ñ  © œq \  ¦ s 6   x # Œ ~ Ã Ì }

Œ

•_  ½ ¨› ¸& h  „  l & h  : £ ¤$ í x 9 „  l & h  : £ ¤$ í `  ¦ › ¸  % i  .

III. + s ÇÊ Ý õ m Í w в  o

Figure 1“ É r \ P % ƒo   ) a SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •_  XRD (X-ray diffrac- tion) 8 £ ¤& ñ   õ \  ¦     · p  כ s  . JCPDS 46-1088 × ¼ ü

< q “ § r  x ß ¼ 0 Au   H SnO

2

› ' aº   x ß ¼ü < { 9 u  % i Ü ¼ 9, — ¸Ž  H x ß ¼  H SnO

2

_    & ñ ~ ½ ӆ ¾ Ó\     › ' a8 £ ¤ ÷ & 9,  

 É

r Ô  ¦í  HÓ ü t x ß ¼  H › ' a8 £ ¤ ÷ &t  · ú §€ Œ ¤ . \ P % ƒo  “ : r • ¸ 7 £ x 

†

< Ê\  (110) x ß ¼_  y © œ• ¸  H 7 £ x  % i Ü ¼ 9, x ß ¼ ì ø Íg Ë :; Ÿ ¤“ É r y

Œ

™™ è   H  כ `  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  . ¢ ¸ô  Ç \ P % ƒo  “ : r • ¸ 7 £ x † < Ê\ 



    & ñ $ í “ É r † ¾ Ó © œ÷ & 9, 800

C s  © œ\ " f  H  H : £ ¤$ í † ¾ Ó



© œ`  ¦ 4 Rš ¸t  3 l w   H  כ Ü ¼– Ð ó ø Íé ß –  ) a  . 0 A   õ  a % ¦- 0 q /

B N& ñ \   6   x ) a „  ½ ¨^ ‰ Ó ü t| 9  x 9 / å L5 Å q “ ¦“ : r \ P % ƒo  ì  r 0 Al 

(3)

Study on the Structural and the Electrical Properties of SnO

2

Thin Films Synthesized by· · · – Jong Hoon Lee et al. 907

Fig. 2. SEM images showing the top view of SnO

2

thin films.

Fig. 3. (Color online) Thickness of SnO

2

thin films an- nealed at several RTP temperatures.

\

" f q “ §& h   ú ª“ É r r ç ß – (5 min) 1 l x î ß –\  o ç ß –× ¼ Ó ü t| 9 _  \ P  ì

 r K  x 9 ˜ ÐW 1s à Ô_  ì  r K  { 9 # Q  SnO

2

  & ñ $ í `  ¦  t

  H  כ `  ¦ S X ‰ “   % i  .

Figure 2  H SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •_  ³ ð€  ‰ & ³ © œ`  ¦ Å Ò  „   ‰ & ³p  â Ü

¼– Ð 8 £ ¤& ñ ô  Ç s p t  s  . y Œ •y Œ •_  \ P % ƒo  “ : r • ¸\    

~ Ã

Ì} Œ •_  ³ ð€   + þ A © œs  “ : r • ¸\        o  H  כ `  ¦ S X ‰ “   

%

i  . 500 ∼ 600

C \ " f  H  Œ •“ É r  ” ¸   & ñ { 9  [ þ t s  ³ ð

€

 \  + þ A$ í  ) a  כ `  ¦ S X ‰ “   ½ + É Ã º e ” Ü ¼ 9, B Ä º ¨ î ò ø Íô  Ç : £ ¤$ í

`

 ¦ ˜ Ð% i  . t ë ß – 700

C s  © œ\ " f  H ~ à Ì} Œ •_  { 9  [ þ t s  F

  & ñ  o ÷ &€  " f ½ ¨+ þ A_  9 þ t  QÛ ¼'  (cluster) + þ A © œs  { 9  Ò

› '

a8 £ ¤H † d`  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  . 800

C s  © œ\ " f  H  ” ¸   & ñ [ þ t s

 ì  r Ÿ í # Œ { 9 Â Ò   & ñ w n [ þ t s  ì  r Ÿ í “ ¦ e ” Ü ¼ 9, 900 ∼ 1000

C \ " f  H “ ¦“ : r _  \ P % ƒo \  _ K  ~ à Ì} Œ • ³ ð€  \  ß ¼Ï þ ˜ (crack) s  › ' a8 £ ¤H † d`  ¦ S X ‰ “   % i  .

Figure 3“ É r SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •_  \ P % ƒo  “ : r • ¸\    É r ¿ ºa  8 £ ¤

&

ñ   õ s  . Ê ê5 Å q \ P % ƒo  “ : r • ¸ 7 £ x † < Ê\     ~ à Ì} Œ •_ 

¿

ºa  ¢ ¸ô  Ç y Œ ™™ è % i Ü ¼ 9, s   H Ä »l Ó ü t _  \ P ì  r K \  _ K  SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •_  x 9 • ¸ 7 £ x    H  כ Ü ¼– Ð ó ø Íé ß –  ) a  . XRD 8

£ ¤& ñ   õ  800

C ü < 900

C s  © œ\ " f  H   & ñ $ í    o

Fig. 4. (Color online) Carrier concentrations, electron mobilities, and resistivities of SnO

2

thin films annealed from 500 to 1000

C.

\ O

  H  כ `  ¦ Ò q ty Œ • €  , 900

C s  © œ\ " f_  ~ à Ì} Œ • ¿ ºa  y Œ ™™ è



 H “ ¦“ : r \ P % ƒo \  _ ô  Ç ³ ð€   F 7 £ x µ 1 Ï < ʓ É r ’ < H  © œ\  _ ô  Ç  כ Ü

¼– Ð ó ø Íé ß –  ) a  .

Figure 4  H SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •\ " f \ P % ƒo  “ : r • ¸\    É r H o 

#

Q 0 l x • ¸, s 1 l x • ¸, q $ † ½ Ó    o Õ ªA á Ôs  . \ P % ƒo  “ : r • ¸

 7 £ x † < Ê\     „   _  0 l x • ¸  H y Œ ™™ è   H  ⠆ ¾ Ó`  ¦ t 



 H  כ `  ¦ S X ‰ “   % i  . \ P % ƒo  “ : r • ¸\     „   _  à º  H Ã

º ∼10

19

/cm

3

\ " f ∼10

18

/cm

3

Ü ¼– Ð 10C  & ñ • ¸ y Œ ™™ è % i 



. s ü < ° ú  “ É r „   0 l x • ¸_  y Œ ™™ è  H SnO

2

_  ~ à Ì} Œ •_  „   

\

 ¦ Ò q t$ í r v   H í ß –™ è / B N/ B N õ  ° ú  “ É r   † < Ês  “ ¦“ : r \ " f \ P % ƒ o

 H † d \     ×  ¦ # Q× ¼  H  כ Ü ¼– Ð ó ø Íé ß –  ) a  .

s

1 l x • ¸  H 900

C \ " f  © œ Ä ºÃ º % i Ü ¼ 9, s M : s 1 l x • ¸



 H 4.74 cm

2

·V

−1

s

−1

° ú כ`  ¦ t   H  כ `  ¦ S X ‰ “   % i  . 1000

C _  “ ¦“ : r \ " f \ P % ƒo   ) a ~ à Ì} Œ •_   â Ä º, ~ à Ì} Œ •_  ³ ð€  \  ß

¼Ï þ ˜s  µ 1 ÏÒ q t† < ÊÜ ¼– Ð+ ‹ „   _  7 £ x _  † < Êa  s 1 l x • ¸  H { 9  Â

Ò y Œ ™™ è† < Ê`  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  . 800

C  â Ä º  © œ ± ú “ É r 0.83 cm

2

·V

−1

s

−1

° ú כ`  ¦ t “ ¦ e ” Ü ¼ 9, s   H ³ ð€  \   Œ •“ É r  

”

¸   & ñ { 9  [ þ t s  ´ ú §“ É r  כ Ü ¼– Ð ˜ Ð  Grain boundary _  ô

 Ç í ß –ê ø Ís  ´ ú §“ É r  כ Ü ¼– Ð Ò q ty Œ • ½ + É Ã º e ”  . 500

C _   â Ä º

 © œ ³ ð€  s  ¨ î ò ø Í # Œ Grain boundary _ ô  Ç í ß –ê ø ͓ É r & h 

`

 ¦  כ Ü ¼– Ð ó ø Íé ß –s  ÷ & 9 4.41 cm

2

·V

−1

s

−1

° ú כ`  ¦ t   H  כ

`

 ¦ S X ‰ “   % i  .

SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •_  q $ † ½ Ó ρ“ É r  6 £ § õ  ° ú  “ É r à ºd ” \  _ K    

&

ñ  ) a   [11].

ρ = 1 nqµ

n

(1)

#

Œl " f n“ É r  Ä »„   _  à º, µ

n

“ É r  Ä »„   _  s 1 l x • ¸s 



. „  ì ø Í& h Ü ¼– Ð \ P % ƒo  “ : r • ¸ 7 £ x † < Ê\     ~ à Ì} Œ •_  q 

$

† ½ ӓ É r 0.06 ∼ 1.01 Ω·cm – Ð 7 £ x  % i Ü ¼ 9, 1000

C _ 

 â

Ä º q $ † ½ ӓ É r y Œ ™™ è† < Ê`  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ”  . 500

C _   â Ä º ¨ î ç

 H& h “   s 1 l x • ¸ x 9 Z  }“ É r „   0 l x • ¸\  _ K  ± ú “ É r q $ † ½ Ó ° ú כ

`

 ¦ t “ ¦ e ”  .

(4)

908 New Physics: Sae Mulli, Vol. 63, No. 8, August 2013

IV. + s Ç Â ] Ø

‘

: r ƒ  ½ ¨\ " f  H a % ¦- 0 q Z O Ü ¼– Ð SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •`  ¦ 0 Aô  Ç 6   xÓ  o

`

 ¦ ] j› ¸\  ¦ % i  . 6   xÓ  o`  ¦ SiO

2

/Si l ó ø Í0 A\   ïh A ô  Ç Ê ê RTP  © œq – Ð q “ §& h   ú ª“ É r / B N& ñ r ç ß – 1 l x î ß – Ê ê5 Å q \ P % ƒo \  ¦

% i  . XRD   õ – РÒ'  SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •s    & ñ $ í `  ¦ t  9, ¢ ¸ô  Ç SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ • + þ A$ í `  ¦ S X ‰ “   % i  . „  l & h  : £ ¤$ í \ 

"

f „   0 l x • ¸, s 1 l x • ¸, q $ † ½ Ó_  ° ú כ`  ¦ · ú ˜ à º e ” % 3 Ü ¼ 9,

~ Ã

Ì} Œ •_  ³ ð€  : £ ¤$ í x 9   & ñ $ í \     „  l & h “   : £ ¤$ í s    



o  H  כ `  ¦ S X ‰ “   % i  . s   H / å L5 Å q\ P % ƒo r  “ : r • ¸\    É r :

£ ¤$ í ~ à Ì} Œ •_  : £ ¤$ í % ò † ¾ ÓÜ ¼– Ð q 2 Ÿ © ) a  כ Ü ¼– Ð ó ø Íé ß – % i  .

~ Ã

Ì} Œ •_  q $ † ½ ӓ É r 0.056 ∼ 1.008 Ω·cm _  ° ú כ`  ¦ t “ ¦ e ” 



. s  Qô  Ç SnO

2

~ à Ì} Œ •_  Ó ü t$ í & h “   ¨ î \  ¦ : Ÿ x K  Ê ê G ' p

"

f_  y Œ ™t } Œ •Ü ¼– Ð Ø  æì  r y   Ö ¸6   x s  0 p x ½ + É  כ Ü ¼– Ð ó ø Íé ß –  ) a



.

P

c p 8 ý ò k >

‘

: r ƒ  ½ ¨  H t d ”  â ] j Ò_  “ ¦ ’  ø @$ í K € ª œG ' p" f ” ¸× ¼ x 9 G '

pd ç כ ¹™ è l Õ ü t > hµ 1 Ï (10041947) x 9 ô  Dz D G í ß –\ O l Õ ü t”  < É ª" é ¶ _

 „  | Ä Ìl Õ ü t“  § 4 € ª œ$ í  \ O Ü ¼– Ð Ã º' Ÿ  ) a   õ { 9 m  .

REFERENCES

[1] S. K. Andreev, L. I. Popova, V. K. Gueorguiev, Tz.

E. Ivanov and G. Beshkov, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 83, 223 (2001).

[2] H. C. Wang, Y. Li and M. J. Yang, Sens. Actuators B 119, 380 (2006).

[3] G. Korotcenkov and B. K. Cho, Sens. Actuators B 142, 321 (2009).

[4] C. H. Han, S. D. Han, I. Singh and T. Toupance, Sens. Actuators B 109, 264 (2005).

[5] D. Guo and C. Hu, Appl. Surf. Sci. 258, 6987 (2012).

[6] W. G¨ opel and K. D. Schierbaum, Sens. Actuators B 26, 1 (1995).

[7] Y. H. Choi and S. H. Hong, Sens. Actuators B 125, 504 (2007).

[8] G. Korotcenkov, I. Boris, V. Brinzari, S. H. Han and B. K. Cho, Sens. Actuators B 182, 112 (2013).

[9] M. Shoyama and N. Hashimoto, Sens. Actuators B 93, 585 (2003).

[10] W. Shen, Sens. Actuators B 166-167, 110 (2012).

[11] S. M. Sze and K. K. Ng, Physics of Semiconductor

Devices, 3rd ed. (Wiley, New York, 2007), p. 30.

수치

Fig. 1. (Color online) X-ray diffraction patterns of SnO 2
Fig. 2. SEM images showing the top view of SnO 2 thin films.

참조

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