Vol. 49, No. 2 O2012PG pp. 239-247
ࢠ֝ܛऀલଭඍֈॺ࣫ॷߢࠜധැ࣭֝ٛֈැւࠤࢺੲ
ঃ
 ହ୍
 ୨ઽ
The Strategic Plan of Mine Hazards Management in Korea from the Case Studies of the Abandoned Mine Reclamation Sites in the Eastern USA
Sang-Woo Ji , Gil-Jae Yim and Young-Wook Cheong
Abstract : In order to propose the management of mine hazards in Korea, the case studies of the abandoned mine reclamation in the eastern USA (mainly Pennsylvania) were investigated. Mine reclamation activities of the eastern USA can be explained by the key words “Initiative, Association/Coalition, Watershed, and Donation/
Volunteer”. AMD&ART Park, Jennings Environmental Education Center, Friends of Cheat, West Virginia Mine Drainage Task Force, West Branch Susquehanna River Task Force and Restoration Coalition were introduced as examples several typical mine reclamation activities in eastern USA. Establishment of the mine hazard management strategy together with the stake-holder of several fields, the management activities together with the local communities, and increasing the effective of the management activities through the management with watershed unit were also suggested several adaptable case studies in Korea.
Key words : Mine hazards management, Eastern USA, Local community, Watershed
څ أ Pennsylvania ܳεܼ֮ڷͿॠəйĶʴҙݓًۆदġԓ҄ڙটʴԐͻεࣀ३ĶǴġ३ěνۆ
ьۻں ڦॢ ѓ؋ں܃֨ॠČۙॠٕɰ. йĶʴҙݓًۆġ३҄ڙ টʴں Initiative, Association/Coalition, Watershed ŔνČDonationęVolunteerۆࢅڗ˚ͿǣɀرԺϼॠٕɰ. ʂशۺۍʴҙݓًġԓ҄ڙԐͻͿԴ
AMD&ART Park, Jennings Environmental Education Center, Friends of Cheat, West Virginia Mine Drainage Task Force, West Branch Susquehanna River Task Force and Restoration Coalition ˣںՙÒॠٕɰ. ̚ॢڍνǣ͆ۆ
ġ३ěνقۺڌॣսەəҙқڷͿɰتॢқآۆěćۙÀ॥ƍॠəġ३ěνۻ͜ۆսς, ݓًԐধٮ॥ƍ ॠəġ३ěνٮڮًɳڦۆěνεࣀॢমęݒʂε܃؋ॠٕɰ.
ܳڅر ġ३ěν, йĶʴҙݓً, ݓًԐধ, ڮًɳڦ
2011ț9ښ28ێۿս, 2011ț12ښ2ێ֮ԐٰΒ 2012ț4ښ19ێóۦঝ܁
1) ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙݓĵঞąٍĵ҆ҙ
*Corresponding Author(ݓԜڍ) E-mail; [email protected]
Address; Geological Hazards Department, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)
Դ
ĶÀą܃ьۻۆŖÂڷͿݓʂॢėॶں॰ʏġغڹ
ԓغĵܓ, ٍΒՙҼ, ąۮͳأজˣڷͿڦ߹ʼؽ ɰÀ߯Ŗ३ٽۙڙÒьۆҠę॥ƍ३ٽͿɂںʮν
϶ġغۋɰ֨টՁজʼČەɰ(ťʂˣ, 2007). ġԓ টʴڹࡾČۚڹक़३(ġ३)εҝÀक़ॠóÀ܋١óʼ əʚ, ݓॠĹۺңĨقۆॢݓъࠞॠ, दԵęġйۆ
ڮ֬ͿۍॢॠߎϔЃфࢹتۆܼŚ՚١ّ, ÚǴڮ
սٮदԵࠞսقۆॢսݗ١ّˣں˞սەɰ(ڮ֧
ˣ, 2011). 1989țԵ०νজԐغۆ֨ॱۋşց ۆज़څՁۋڅĵʼş֨ۚॠي2005ț“ġԓक़३ۆѓ ݓф҄ĵقěॢѪ”ۋ܃܁ʿق˰͆2006țҙࢢġ ३ѓݓԐغۋ҆üۺڷͿ֨ۚʼϸԴĶǴġ३ѓݓş ցۆսڅÀś՚০ݒÀॠČ, ɰսۆदġݓًۋ҄ڙ ʼČ ەɰ(ťʂ, 2005).
ԓغজۆًԐÀţČġغۋьɵॢԸݕĶقԴəێ
ުҙࢢġ३Л܃εۿॠٕČۋۆ३Āںڦ३ġ३ѓݓ
ф҄ĵεڦॢɰتॢ܃ʪۆυʹęşցۆÒьˣق
Ȥͳۋەرٵɰ. ̚ॢदġݓًں҄ڙॠəìقŔ࠘
ݓ؍ČьԜۆۻঞںࣀ३दġԓݓًۆܳлۆԦট ęঞąۆ҄ڙںՁėۺڷͿ߸ݕॠČەČۋق˰δ
টڌںɰÁۺڷͿڿڌॠČەɰ. दġݓًҙݓۆট ३ Ժ
ݓԜڍ · ےţۦ · ܁ٖڎ 240
ڌԐͻəɰتॠóۋΘرݓČەəʚܳͿěġҙݓǣ
Ԧॡ֥ۤ Ϳ ۋڌۋ ݕॱʼČ ەɰ.
ĶǴقԴʪदġԓҙݓۆটڌںࣀॢĶࢹۆমڱۺ
ۋڌڷͿݓًԐধۆьۻںۋΚɰəÒȝقԴġ३ě νۆܼڅՁںʌ३ÀČەɰ. ĶǴदġԓҙݓটڌۆ
ʂशۺۍԐͻəÌڙ͔˚ε˞սەùɰ. ۋ͠ॢʂő ϿۆটڌԐͻۋٽقՙőϿġԓҙݓۆটڌقەرԴ əܳͿदÚʪεটڌॢǼॄچۤ, ѣԿۦѕ, ܀Ä҃ě
ˣڷͿটڌʼČەɰ. ߯Ŗ३ٽۆąڍٮÏۋԦė ڙڷͿۆܓՁۋ ߸ݕʼČ ەşʪ ॠɰ.
ĶǴۆ ġ३ěνə ॢĶġ३ěνėɳں ࣀ३ ێڙজ ʼرݕॱʼČەɰ. ߸ݕşěۆێڙজə֪՚ॠČ߸
ݕͳەəġ३ěνÀÀɠॢъϸ, ێѓۺۋČठܼۺ ۍʂߌͿۍ३Л܃ÀьԦॣڍͲÀʴ֨قܕۦॢɰ.
ۋ͠ॢڍͲεػؙşڦ३ॡć, ԓغć, ݓًܳлۋ॥
ƍॠə॒ͿŔ͖ۆÒьęঊۆߕĵՁˣۆȤͳۋज़ څॣ ìۋɰ.
ۋ ŘقԴə Pennsylvania ܳε ܼ֮ڷͿ ॠə йĶ
ʴҙݓًۆदġԓ҄ڙটʴԐͻεࣀ३ĶǴġ३ěν ۆ ьۻں ڦॢ ѓ؋ں ܃֨ ॠČۙ ॢɰ.
йĶʴҙݓًۆġ३ѓݓটʴ
йĶʴҙݓًۆġ३ѓݓটʴڹ1) Initiative, 2) Asso- ciation ̚əCoalition, 3) Watershed ŔνČ4) Dona- tionę VolunteerͿ शইॣս ەɰ.
Initiative(ćন)
InitiativeəڍνϊͿशইॠۙϸ܁ॢЀशεۋΘ şڦॢćন̚ə॒ͿŔ͖ڷͿۋ३ॣսەɰ. , й ĶʴҙݓًقԴəġ३Л܃३Āںڦ३܁ҙ, ԓغߕ, ʂॡˣق՚ॠəɰتॢқآۆۻЛÀ˞ۋ߯Ըۆѓ Ѫں܁ॠČ३Āѓ؋ں߸ݕॠşڦॢInitiative˞ۋڏ
ٖʼČەɰ. ۋInitiativeə܁ҙۆݓڙںы؉ġ३Л
܃३Āںڦॢ܁ںυʹॠäǣşցںÒьॠČÒ ьʽşցںচ҃, İگॠəşɠںսॱॢɰ. ʂशۺۍ InitiativeͿəAcid Drainage Technology Initiative(ADTI), Appalachian Clean Streams Initiative(ACSI), USGS Abandoned Mine Land Initiative(AMLI), Pennsylvania Mine Mapping Initiative(PMMI) ˣۋەɰ. ۋܼADTIə 1995țйĶǴИՁԓॠġИĶ(Office of surface mining, OSM), ঞąߔ(Environmental protection agency, EPA), National Mining Association(NMA), West Virginia ʂ ॡۆNational Mine Land Reclamation Center, Interstate Mining Compact Commission(IMCC), Bureau of Land
Management(BLM) ˣۋÀॠيĀՁॢìڷͿÀۤ
টьॠČġѩڦॢটʴںॠČەɰ. ADTIəCoal mining sectorٮMetal mining sectorͿĵՁʼرটʴॠČەڷ
϶, Ásectorقworking group˞ں˃ČԓՁġԓѕս (acid mine drainage, AMD)ۆٚࠑ, ѓݓфߌνεڦ
ॢটʴںսॱॠəॢठ, ɰتॢϔɑضں܃ۚॠيşց ں҃śॠČەɰ. 1998ț“A Handbook of Technologies for Avoidance and Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage”
ε ьÂॠٕČ, ইۦݓǦ15țÂۆটʴęۺڌʽşց قʂ३थÀॠəіԴεχ˞Čەəܼقەɰ(ADTI, 2011).
Association(ঊধ) ̚əCoalition(ٍ०)
InitiativeÀ܁ҙܳʪۆ॒ͿŔ͖ۋ͆ϸঊধ̚əٍ
०ڷͿशইʼəۋ͠ॢɳߕ˞ڹێъݓًܳл˞ۋܼ
֮ۋʼر֪ۙ˞ۆԦটėÂܳѺġ३Л܃ε३Āॠş
ڦ३ܓݔॢɳߕۋɰ. ۋ͠ॢɳߕ˞ڹÁݓًۆܳл
˞ۋܳʪॠيݓًॡİٮԓغߕфԐধɳߕ˞ۋ
يॠČ܁ҙۆġ३ѓݓԐغقʂॢ܃؋ںॠäǣݔ ۿۺۍġ३ѓݓটʴںսॱॠşʪॢɰ. ̚ॢۺŕۺۍ
ġ३Л܃চ҃ٮİگقʪşيॠČەɰ. ʂशۺۍܓ ݔڷͿəSlippery Rock Watershed Coaliation(SRWC), Friends of the Cheat(FOC), Clearfield Creek Watershed Association(CCWA), Shade Creek Watershed Association (SCWA) ˣۋەɰ. ۋ͠ॢлÂɳߕ˞ۆটʴڹġ३
҄ĵقʂॢܳл֟֟Ϳۆۋ३εࣀॢړݔےقۆ३
ঞą҃ۻقʂॢ٤цδۍ֩ںঝԓ֨ࢅ϶, ġ३ѓݓ টʴۆ࣊ϼՁںঝ҃ॠي҃ɰমęۺۍġ३ѓݓটʴ ۋ Àɠॠó ॠي ܵɰ.
Watershed(ڮً)
ÁݓًѻлÂɳߕə“Watershed" ɳڦͿĵՁʽɰ.
̚ॢ܁ҙۆġ३ѓݓԐغ܁̚ॢÒѻġԓۋǣÒѻ ݓΪÀ؉ɨݚսًɳڦͿࣀ०ۺڷͿڏٖʼČەɰ.
, ʂőϿڮًɳڦۆۤşۺۍ҄ڙ॒ͿŔ͖ۋݕॱ ʼϸԴŔ؋قÁÁۆՙőϿݚսًںॠǣۆěνɳ ڦ(Management unit)Ϳ ǣɀر ěνॠČ ەɰ(Fig. 1).
ÁÁۆʂɳڦwatershedقə܁ҙܳʪۆTask force team˞ۋটʴॠϸԴ҄ڙ܁սςۋǣݓًɳߕ˞ق
ʂॢ҄ڙԐغݓڙںսॱॠşʪॢɰ. ʂशۺۍܓݔ ڷͿə West Branch Susquehanna River Task Force, West Virginia Mine Drainage Task Force, Appalachian Coal Country Watershed Team(ACCWT) ˣۋەɰ. ̚
ॢPennsylvania ԴҙݓًقəStream Restoration Inc.
ٮÏڹҼٖνѪۍۋԺςʼرSlippery Rock Watershed
Fig. 1. Examples of watershed management program in Pennsylvania, USA. (a) West Branch Susquehanna Subbasin (Susquehanna River Basin Commission, 2008), (b) Mountain Watershed (Beam, 2008).
ˣ6ÒݚսًقԴAMDͿ١ّʽսćۆ҄ڙԐغں
ܳʪॠşʪॢɰ. ACCWTۆąڍقəܘʌőϿÀ࠶
ԴAppalachia ԓϕۆܳѺقڦ࠘ॠə8Òܳ(Alabama, Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)ۆġݓًقʂॢսć҄ڙ Ԑغں ݓڙॠČ ەɰ.
Donation(şҙ)ęVolunteer(ۙڙҋԐ)
йĶԐধεۋǏə৪ۋ͆Čۋآşʼə˃߹ۍşҙ ЛজٮۙڙҋԐəġ३ѓݓটʴقەرԴʪࡾóşي ॠČەɰ. ݓًܳл˞ͿĵՁʼəݓًঊধ̚əٍ० Ͽےں ܳʪॠə ۋ˞ڹ ڹࣅॢ ॡۙǣ ԐغÀ˞ۋ϶, ইغںॠϸԴʪ҄ڙҙݓقʂॢচ҃ٮİگںڦ३
ۙڙҋԐεॠəąڍʪψɰ. ০ġԓѕսߌνεڦ
ॢٍۙ܁জ֨ԺۆҙݓεşҙॠəˣۆşҙЛজəġ ३ѓݓԐغۆҼڌںࡾóۼÇॠó३ܳČەɰ. ؘԴ
şցॢACCWTۆąڍۙڙҋԐۙ˞ۆěνٮݓڙں
ڦ३ܓݔʽɳߕۋşʪॠɰ. 2002țOSMęйĶۙ
ڙҋԐঊধ(AmeriCorps*VISTA)À॥ƍԺςॠيOSM Ǵق OSM/VISTAε ˃Č ݓًѻͿ 55Òۆ ۙڙҋԐ
ϿےںݓڙॠČەɰ. 2009țܼؖ܁ҙėИڙڷͿԴ əߌڼڷͿ“River Hero”(йĶۆսćঞą҄ڙقş يॢԐ͊ںӵ؉३υɰܳČەəԜ)ۆٖٚεصڹ
OSM/VISTAۆνʌۍDr. Allan Compə“ۙڙҋԐۙ
˞ۋآϊͿۋǣ͆ۆŖÂۋɰ.”͆ČսԜՙÇںэ০
϶ ۙڙҋԐۙ˞ۆ ৪ں ɰ֨Ś ێŷڗ ܳşʪ ॰ɰ (ACCWT, 2011).
йĶʴҙݓًġ३҄ĵটʴԐͻ
AMD&ART Park
AMD&ART Parkəġ३ѓݓԐغۆٚցۺ֧জ͆
Čशইʽɰ. AMD&ART ParkəPennsylvania ܳԴǫ ҙقڦ࠘ॠəVintondale ݓً35haۆ҄ڙҙݓεė ڙজॢĖۋɰ. ۋĖڹ҆͒ġۋڦ࠘॰ʏĖڷͿद ġۋAMD Л܃ٮġҙݓۆѓ࠘ͿঞąЛ܃Àێ رǮɰ(AMD&ART INC., 2011). Appalachian Coal Country ۆDr. CompəTeam SPLASH(Sustainable Partnership of Landscape Architects, Scientists and Historians)ε
ܓݔॠٕɰ. , ܓąॡۙ, ęॡۙфًԐॡۙ˞ͿĵՁ ʽ ٍ०ࣳڷͿ ĵՁॠي ġ३҄ĵ Ԑغں ߸ݕॠٕɰ.
Ԑغڹ1994țҙࢢ2005țūݓ11țÂݕॱʼؽɰ. ۋ
ԐغقԴə“The Sciences + The Arts + The Humanities
= The Solution”ۋ͆əϿࢹͿ҄ڙں߸ݕॠيսߌν εڦ३ٍۙ܁জѪںۺڌॠČ҄ڙҙݓεٚցۚुজ
ॠşڦ३Ȥͳॠٕɰ. AMD&ART Parkəġԓѕսߌ ν֨ԺۆࠑϸقÁşɰδԟۆۘںÍəսЀںѕ࠘
ॠيġԓѕսÀߌνʿق˰͆ԓՁսقԴܼՁսقۋ βəę܁ںԟۆѺজͿ҃يܳؽɰ. , Litmus ڌؚ
ۆԟںъٖॠيġԓѕսÀۺԟقԴȥԟڷͿѺॠə
ę܁ں҃ۋəLitmus GardenںܓՁॠي֨Áۺۍম ęεܳČ҃əۋ˞ͿॠيŚġԓѕսߌνقʂॢۋ ३ÀÀɠॠʪ३ܳؽɰ(Fig. 2). ̚ॢۍŖقڦ࠘ॠ əĵİধɾںİگěڷͿটڌॠيݓًܳлۋǣѓЛ Ó˞ق ʂ३ চ҃ٮİگں ॠČ ەɰ.
ݓԜڍ · ےţۦ · ܁ٖڎ 242
Fig. 2. The aerial view of the AMD&ART Park and Litmus Garden (AMD&ART INC. 2011).
Fig. 3. The guide map of the Jennings Environmental Education Center (Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, 2011).
Fig. 4. The guide map of the AMD passive treatment system in Jennings Environmental Education Center.
Jennings Environmental Education Center
Jennings Environmental Education CenterəйĶPenn- sylvania ܳۆButler County, Brady Townshipقڦ࠘
ॠə121 ha ϸۺۆܳςėڙǴقەɰ. Center ۍŖق əSlippery Rock creekۆݓΪۍBig RunۋβČە əʚ, ۋܳѺقսψڹġ˞ۋԓۦ३ەؽɰ. Center قۍۿॢदġۍBrydon mineقԴڮʼəԓՁġ ԓѕսۆߌνεڦ३ٍۙ܁জ֨ԺۋԺ࠘ʼؽڷǣş ɠں ॠݓ Їॠۙ ԞͿڏ ٍۙ܁জ֨Ժں ֪Ժॠٕɰ.
ۋę܁قԴşܕۆ֨ԺںŔʂͿ˃ČԞͿڏ֨Ժں
߸Àॠيşܕ֨Ժںচ҃ڌڷͿটڌॠٕɰ. ̚ॢफ şεڦॢԞͿڏѓѪۆۺڌę॥ƍܳѺۆदԵقʂ
ॢ֩Ԧ҄ڙ֨ॹҙݓ, Semi-active ѓ֩ۆۺڌҙݓ
ˣۆٍĵڌҙݓευʹॠČɰδٍĵۙ˞ۋٍĵڌʪ Ϳটڌॣսەʪيڮҙݓευʹ३˃şʪॠٕɰ (Figs. 3, 4).
Jennings Environmental Education CenterÀڦ࠘ॠə
ݓًڹSlippery Rock Creekۋڦ࠘ॠəĖڷͿۋݓ
ًۆ ܳлɳߕۍ Slippery Rock Watershed Coalition (SRWC)ڹݓًɳߕܼÀۤߕćۺۋČটьॠóট ʴॠəɳߕܼॠǣۋɰ. ۋɳߕə1994țԺςʼؽڷ
϶, ϔښ Jennings Environmental Education Centerق
Ͽي ݓً ঞą҃ۻں ڦॢ ঊۆε ॠČ ەɰ(SRWC, 2011). Ͽےق՚ॢۻЛÀ˞ڹADTIεप॥ॢɰتॢ
ġ३҄ĵěʹ ϿےقԴ ܳʪۺۍ টʴں ॠ϶, Stream Restoration, Inc.εࣀॢġԓѕս١ّॠߎ҄ڙԐغ
Fig. 5. Books published by Slippery Rock Watershed Coalition (SRWC, 2011).
Fig. 6. Cheat River Festival 2008 (a) Festival souvenir store, (b) Art Market, (c) An academic poster displayed at academic exhibition, which was researched by a middle school student, (d) Festival concert.
ݓԜڍ · ےţۦ · ܁ٖڎ 244
Fig. 7. (a) West Virginia Mine Drainage Task Force members (WVMDTF, 2011), (b) 2008 West Virginia Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium.
ęClean Creek Productsεࣀॢ֢͠ݓۦটڌԐغˣ ۆটʴںॠČەɰ. ̚ॢٍۙ܁জ֨Ժěνεڦॢϔ ɑض, ġԓݓًঞą҃ۻںڦॢচ҃ۙˣں܃ۚ
ѕपॠəˣġ३҄ĵচ҃ٮİگقʪşيॠČەɰ (Fig. 5).
Friends of Cheat (FOC)
йĶWest Virginia ܳۆCheat riverəǥ֨, ॒ࣶ͒
ˣۆͪ܋֟पࠐεݎţսەəĖۋɰ. 1992țदġ ʽT&T No.2 ġԓقԴ1994țफڍͿ4000ࢻÀ͟ۆ
AMDÀ Cheat riverۆ ܳʽ ݓΪۍ Muddy creekڷͿ
ڮۓʼر 16υێ ॠΪūݓ НČşÀ ܴ̏ڼں ɾॠə
ۋδц“T&T mine blowout Ԑæ”ۋێرǣϸԴսݗ؊
জͿۍ३ͪ܋֟पࠐεݎşʏÌۋডद३ܐɰ. ۋق
Cheat riverۆսݗںধ҄ॠČ܁ҙ, ԓغߕ, ॡİ, ֨л ɳߕˣ20ÒۋԜۆɳߕÀيॠي॥ƍЛ܃३Āق
ǣԴČۙFOCÀĀՁʼؽɰ(FOC, 2011). FOCə“River of Promise”͆əϿࢹͿCheat riverۆսݗÒԸԐغں
ݕॱॠϸԴġ३҄ĵٮ॥ƍݓًͪ܋টʴۆধ҄ں
ݕॱॠٕɰ. 1994țҙࢢ३υɰͪ܋টʴۆ֨ۚں؎
νəCheat River Festivalںݕॱॠəʚ, ɳտॢ߹܃ۆ
ۆйεȊرԴġ३҄ĵεڦॢচ҃ٮİگۆۤڷͿ
টڌॠČەɰ(Fig. 6).
West Virginia Mine Drainage Task Force
West Virginia Mine Drainage Task Force(WVMDTF) ə 1978țق West Virginia ܳۆ ġԓقԴ ьԦʼə
AMD Л܃εܓԐॠşڦ३Ժςʼؽɰ. ۋ, Ŕѩڦ εWest Virginia ۋٽݓًۆAMD Л܃ūݓȉঅÀ϶
টʴॠČەɰ(WVMDTF, 2011). WVMDTFقəԵ
ԓغć, ܁ҙ, ࠸ԺࣶغߕфęॡćۆۻЛÀ˞ۋي ॠČەɰ. WVMDTFəAMDقʂॢٍĵ, AMDۆߌ νфěνεڦॢԞͿڏşցقěॢ֪߯܁҃εǣɀ şڦ३1980țҙࢢ३υɰWest Virginia Mine Drainage Task Force Symposiumں Ò߯ॠČ ەɰ(Fig. 7).
West Branch Susquehanna River Task Force and Restoration Coalition
Susquehanna riverəйʴҙقԴÀۤࢀÌڷͿ6Ò
ʂڮًڷͿĵқʼəʚۋܼÀۤࢀʂڮًۍWest Branch Susquehanna subbasinڹڮًϸۺۋ6,978 mile2 (18,073 km2)Ϳ Pennsylvaniaܳ ܼҚҙ ݓًق ڦ࠘ॢɰ. 2004 țܳѺۆदġԓڷͿҙࢢ͠ǣ١əADMقۆ३١
ّʽWest Branch Susquehanna subbasin ݓًں҄ڙॠ şڦ३ҼٖνԐغߕۍTrout Unlimited Ԑۆݓڙںы
؉Pennsylvania ܳۆDepartment of Environmental Pro- tectionق ۆ३ West Branch Susquehanna River Task Force(WBSRTF)ÀԺςʼؽɰ. WBSRTFəTrout Unlimited Ԑεܼ֮ڷͿɰδঞą҃ۻɳߕфڮًěνşě˞ۋ
يॠČەڷ϶, West Branch Susquehanna river ݓً
ۆAMDεߌνॠəۤşۺۍЀशεॳ३ɺɾҙԴ
фěʹغߕقʂ३܁фşցںݓڙॠČܓسॠČ
ەɰ. ̚ॢ ݓًܳл˞ۋ ܳʪॠə West Branch Sus- quehanna Restoration Coalition(WBSRC)Àܓݔʼرট ʴॠČەɰ. WBSRCقԴə३υɰWest Branch Sus- quehanna Restoration SymposiumںÒ߯ॠيটʴ҃Č ٮěʹٍĵʴॳںǣɀČەɰ(Fig. 8). WBSRTFقԴ əۤşۺۍۻ͜ۆज़څՁںۍ֩ॠيşܕۆTask Force Ӽχ؉ɦ͆ɺɾėИڙ, ঞą҃ۻşěěćۙ, ěʹॡ ćۆۻЛÀ, ěʹԓغߕфݓًܳлۋ॥ƍيॠي
Fig. 8. (a) Tributaries in West Branch Susquehanna Subbasin polluted by AMD (Susquehanna River Basin Commission, 2008), (b) 2008 West Branch Susquehanna Restoration Symposium.
2008țWest Branch Susquehanna Subbasin AMD Re- mediation Strategyεսςॠٕɰ(Susquehanna River Basin Commission, 2008). ۋۻ͜ںࢹʂͿইۦSusquehanna River Managemnet Planۋχ˞رݓČەɰ(Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, 2011).
ĶǴġ३ěνεڦॢѓ؋
йĶʴҙݓًۆġ३҄ڙটʴںࣀ३ڍνǣ͆ۆġ ३ěνقԴۺڌॣսەəҙқں܁ν३҃ۙϸ, ɰت
ॢқآۆěćۙÀ॥ƍॠəġ३ěνۻ͜ۆսς, ݓ
ًԐধٮ॥ƍॠəġ३ěνٮڮًɳڦۆěνεࣀॢ
মę ݒʂε ˞ ս ەɰ.
ɰتॢқآۆěćۙÀ॥ƍॠəġ३ěνۻ͜ۆսς ĶǴġ३ѓݓԐغڹ2006țԺςʽॢĶġ३ěνė ɳۆܳʪͿݕॱʼČەɰ. ॢĶġ३ěνėɳڹԺςۆ
şߣÀʽ“ġԓक़३ۆѓݓф҄ĵقěॢѪ”ę॥ƍ
ĶǴġ३ěνটʴۆ܃ʪٮۻɺşěۋ͆əॢĶġ ३ěν ߕ܃ε υʹॢ ìڷͿ ܼڅॢ ڦ࠘ε Íəɰ.
2011țڹ1ɳććনۋυИνʼə˺ۋ϶, ইۦԞͿ ڏ5ÒțćনۋսςʼČەɰ. ۋقݓǦ5țÂۆġ ३ěνটʴۆ߸ݕĀęεʼʮ؉҃϶ٽĶۆԐͻٮ
ڍνǣ͆ۆݓًۺ, Лজۺ, ą܃ۺঞąںČͲॢѻ জʽۻ͜ۆսςۋज़څॣìۋɰ. ۋεڦ३ɺɾėИ ڙ, ėɳěćۙ, ěʹॡćۆۻЛÀ, ěʹԓغߕфݓ
ًܳлۋ॥ƍيॠəۻЛÀڦڙধۆĵՁںࣀॢۻ͜
ۆսςęԐغۆ߸ݕۋज़څॣìۋɰ. ێͻͿWBSRTF
قԴə2008țWest Branch Susquehanna Subbasin AMD Remediation Strategyεսςॠٕəʚ, ۋę܁قԴş ܕۆWBSRTF ࣳڙӼχ؉ɦ͆ɺɾėИڙ, ঞą҃
ۻşěěćۙ, ěʹॡćۆۻЛÀ, ěʹԓغߕфݓ
ً ܳлۋ ॥ƍ يॠٕɰ(Susquehanna River Basin Commission, 2008).
йĶʴҙݓًԐͻقԴ˃˚͠ݓóǣࢍǣəݜڹ
ݓًܳлۆيقەɰČॣսەɰ. ֪ۙۆČۤঞą ں҃ܕॠşڦ३॥ƍȤͳॠəܳл˞ۆϿے, şҙε
ࣀॢġ३҄ĵҼڌۆۼÇфҙݓঝ҃, ۙڙҋԐটʴ ںࣀॢۺŕۺۍيˣڹՁėۺۍġ३ѓݓটʴۆ
ŖÂۋʼČەɰ. ॢĶġ३ěνėɳڹݓًܳлę॥ƍ ॠə॒ͿŔ͖ںÒьॠČ֬ॱॠČۙψڹȤͳںşڐ ۋČەɰ(ńٖԵ, 2009). Ŕ͠ǣۋ͠ॢ॒ͿŔ͖ۋɰ تॢġ३ѓݓটʴęݓ՚ۺۋČܳл˞ۋۙьۺڷͿ
يॠəটʴ҃ɰəێধՁۋäǣɳठۺۍটʴڷͿ
ݕॱʼəąॳۋەɰ. ˰͆ԴێধՁۆচ҃ॱԐÀ؉
ɨܳл֟֟ͿÀġ३Л܃قʂ३ۍ֩ॠČ॥ƍʴ
ॣսەʪڮʪॠČİگॠəѓ؋ںυʹ३آॣì ۋɰ.
ݓًԐধٮ॥ƍॠəġ३ěν
ݓًԐধٮ ॥ƍॠəġ३ěνəġ३҄ĵф ѓݓ
টʴۆѩܳεȊرԴݓًۆą܃ۺ, Лজۺً͟ںȭ ۋəѓॳڷͿ߸ݕॣսەںìۋɰ, ইۦʂőϿۆद ġݓًڹěġɳݓͿÒьۋ߸ݕʼəԐͻÀψɰ. Ԝ ʂۺڷͿՙőϿۆदġݓًڹġ३҄ĵٮҙݓটڌق
ەرԴѕ܃ʾսÀەɰ. ÁÁۆݓًۺՁقϑəġ
ݓԜڍ · ےţۦ · ܁ٖڎ 246
Fig. 9. Guide map for the research site and a researcher at Jennings Environmental Education Center.
३҄ĵٮҙݓ টڌѓ؋ۆսςۋज़څॣìۋɰ. ۋε
ڦ३ԴəॢĶġԓݓًۆՁقϑəॢĶġ३ěν
şցۆьۻۋज़սۺێìۋɰ. Jennings Environmental Education CenterۆԐͻٮÏۋ҄ڙҙݓεٍĵٮİ گڌڷͿটڌॠəˣۆѓ؋ںࣀ३ۺڌʽşցۆݓ
՚ۺۍϿɦࢢτę߸ÀۺۍşցॳԜѓ؋ںϿԟॣज़ څÀ ەɰ(Fig. 9). ̚ॢ ġ३ěν টʴق ەرԴ ݓً
ԓغߕۆ يε ۺŕۺڷͿ ڮʪ३آॣ ìۋɰ. ३ɾ
ݓًںşъڷͿॠəġ३ѓݓۻЛغߕۆşցͳں
ॳԜॣսەʪşցÒьںڮʪ॥ęʴ֨قݓًą܃
قşيॣսەəşغۋʾսەʪڮʪॠəìۋज़ څॠɰ. ֬܃ͿйĶʴҙݓًۆąڍHedin Environmental ęÏڹőϿÀࡾݓə؍ݓχ̬رǦġ३ěνşցں
҃ڮॠČەəşغۋԜɾսটʴॠČەɰ. FOCۆԐ ͻقԴߌͤݓًۆঞą҄ڙقŔݓًԓغߕ˞ۋě֮
ںÍČঊͳॠي҄ڙںݕॱॢɰϸ҃ɰ֪ՁەČ
ьۻۺۍԐغں ߸ݕॣ ս ەں ìۋɰ.
ڮًɳڦۆěνεࣀॢমęݒʂ
ڮًۋ͈رɗÌۋӃНۋǣɂˣۆÌսÀϿۋə
ѩڦۋɰ. ۋѩڦۆąćεқսć͆Čॠ϶ڮًںݚ սĵًۋ͆Čʪॢɰ. ڮًɳڦۆěνəսԦć١ّ
ěνقەرԴϔڍڮڌॢìڷͿيû܋ٵɰ(ťŊĎ ęܓʴţ, 2004). ĶǴսݗ١ّěνقەرԴʪսć ١ّ ߪ͟ěνݓࠞںࣀ३ڮًĵқںۋڌ३ěνεॠ Čەɰ. ۋ˺ڮًںɳڦڮً, ՙڮً, ՃڮًڷͿՃқ জॠيěνॢɰ(Ķςঞąęॡڙ, 2004). Ŕ͠ǣڮًڹ
ɳտ০НęěʹʽìӼχۋ؉ɦ͆ݓۺۍąćε
ۆйॠ϶ݓशս, ݓॠս, ࢹت, ֩Ԧ, ʴНфԐ͊ęԐ
͊قۆॢٖॳںपĜॠČەɰ. ۋəġ३қآقەر Դսݗфࢹت١ّ, ġԓदşНۺ࠘ۤěν, ֩Ԧ҄
ڙۆϿ˜қآقěʹʼəɳڦÀʾսەɰ. ڮًěν
ۆÒȝڹɳտॢսݗ, ս͟ěνεȊرڮًۆٍۙঞ ą, ࢹݓۋڌˣںࣀ०ěν॥ڷͿ׆ڮًսঞąںম ęۺڷͿ҃ۻॠəìڷͿġ३ěνقەرԴʪॱ܁ۺ ۍĵًۋ؉ɨ֬ݗۺۍٖॳںܳəɳڦͿǣɀرě νॣज़څՁۋەɰ. ̚ॢşܕۆÒѻġԓۋǣÒѻݓ ΪÀ؉ɨݚսًɳڦͿࣀ०ॠيÁÁۆՃڮًقʂ
ॢ҄ڙۋՙڮً, ɳڦڮً, ʂڮًڷͿমęÀ۾ǣ
ࢍǣʪۤşۺۍćনںՃڐज़څÀەɰ. йʴҙݓ
ًʂҙқۆġ३ěνəʂőϿڮًɳڦۆۤşۺۍ҄
ڙ॒ͿŔ͖ۋݕॱʼϸԴŔ؋قÁÁۆՙőϿݚս
ًںॠǣۆěνɳڦ(Management unit)Ϳǣɀرݕॱ ʼČ ەɰ.
Ā
ġԓটʴڹज़ٍۺڷͿġ३εڮьॠóʼдͿġ३ ěνটʴۋज़սۺۋɰ. ęäۆġ३ěνটʴۋġԓ টʴقۆॢक़३ε҄ĵॠČѓݓॠəìۋؽɰϸ, ই ۦۆġ३ѓݓটʴڹݓ՚ÀɠॢġԓটʴۋÀɠॠó
ॠəটʴۋ϶, ʴ֨ق҄ڙҙݓۆটڌںࣀ३ݓًԐ ধۆЛজ쨖ą܃ۺьۻںڦॢটʴۋɰ. ڍνǣ͆ۆġ ३ѓݓটʴڹॢĶġ३ěνėɳںࣀ३ێڙজʼرݕ ॱʼČەɰ. ߸ݕşěۆێڙজə֪՚ॠČ߸ݕͳە əġ३ěνটʴۋÀɠॢъϸ, ێѓۺۋČठܼʽʂ ߌͿۍ३Л܃ÀьԦॣڍͲÀʴ֨قܕۦॢɰ. ۋ͠
ॢڍͲεػؙşڦ३ॡć, ԓغć, ݓًܳлۋ॥ƍॠ ə॒ͿŔ͖ۆÒьęঊۆߕĵՁˣۆȤͳۋज़څॣ
ìۋɰ. ̚ॢěʹۻЛÀεتՁॣսەəİگ॒ͿŔ
͖ۆυʹęԓغߕۆşցÒьيεۺŕۺڷͿڮʪ ॠČÒьʽşցۆইۤۺڌں߸ݕॠيآॣìۋɰ.
Иؼ҃ɰʪܳл˞ۆيεࣀॢۋ३ঝԓںڦ३ۺ ŕۺۍ চ҃ٮ İگں ݕॱ३آॣ ìۋɰ.
ঃ
ইۦ ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ ݓĵঞąٍĵ҆ҙ Ըےٍĵڙ (欧G 彳櫾躇G 缧48嘳G 缧1埲G 垾畢)
୨ઽ
ইۦ ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ ݓݗঞąۦ३ٍĵҙ ےٍĵڙ (欧G 彳櫾躇G 缧48嘳G 缧1埲G 垾畢)
ହ୍
ইۦ ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ ݓĵঞąٍĵ҆ҙ Ըےٍĵڙ (欧G 彳櫾躇G 缧48嘳G 缧1埲G 垾畢)
ĶǴġ३ěνԐغڹ2006țսςʽ15Òțćন ۋυИνʼČԞͿڏ5ÒțćনۋܵҼܼقەɰ. Ԟ Ϳڏ5Òțćনۆ߸ݕقەرԴݓ՚Àɠॢġԓটʴ ۋÀɠॠóॠ϶, ݓًԐধۆЛজ 쨖 ą܃ۺьۻقş يॣսەəѓॳڷͿԴۆġ३ěνটʴۋۺŕۺڷͿ
߸ݕʾսەşڦ३܃؋ʽѓ؋˞ۆۺڌۋज़څॣì ڷͿ ԐΒʽɰ.
ČЛॶ
֝ࠩฅլր, 2004, ծૈસ߆ւࠤಅ, ฅլऀ, p. 96.
֫ઽজ, 2009, րؠيࡿඍֈॺറઘ఼, ଲറڸਆ, 2009.
10.22 ׆ॷ.
ֱյ, ܛ, 2004, ୀฅլ원࣫ߨ, ੰಉ܁
ࢠছୡ, p. 600.
۩෴, 2005, 샙ֈॺැଭࢺࢫ࣫֜ւ࣑ࠔ샚ଭ
ச૬ٛ,֝֜ਏਆഗվฎ, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp.
91-96.
۩෴, ଲլ, ଲ෮࣫, ฅ, 2007, 샙֝ٛֈડࢳୢ׆࣭
ծฏ(2007-2016)샚ଭրச૬ٛ,֝֜ਏਆഗ վฎ, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 586-592.
କผ, ଲசজ, ցীଗ, ઘথ, 2011, ඍֈॺֈැࢺॷ ડଭվଳୡԧ౿୨, ֝֜ਏਆഗվฎ, Vol.
48, No. 2, pp. 127-136.
ACCWT, 2011.08.29, The Appalachian Coal County Watershed Team, http://www.accwt.org/.
ADTI, 2011.08.29, Acid Drainage Technology Initiative, http://www.aciddrainage.com/.
AMD&ART INC., 2011.08.29, AMD&ART Project, http://
www.amdandart.org/.
Beam R., 2008, The Kalp and Melcroft AMD Abatement Projects, 2008 Pennsylvania Abandoned Mine Reclamation and Coal Mining Heritage Conference, State College, PA. USA. Aug. 12-14.
FOC, 2011.08.29, The Friend of Cheat, http://cheat.org/.
Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, 2011.08.29, http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/stateparks/
parks/jennings.aspx.
Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, 2011, Susquehanna River Management Plan (draft), Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, p. 238.
SRWC, 2011.08.29, Slippery Rock Watershed Coalition, http://www.srwc.org/.
Susquehanna River Basin Commission, 2008, West Branch Susquehanna Subbasin AMD Remediation Strategy, Sus- quehanna River Basin Commission, p. 51.
WVMDTF, 2011.08.29, West Virginia Mine Drainage Task Force, http://www.wvmdtf.org/.
