A Study on the Dynamic Properties of Specimen with Different Particle Size and Joint Distribution Patterns

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ਏ෠ඇ࠻ாଭ଺ୀ೥׆ࢫୣࠤंඑઑঃ઩

ݗࠛܛୡࢄন൉ন઩ւ෉઴֜

จ็ઽ

Â ౖন૽

A Study on the Dynamic Properties of Specimen with Different Particle Size and Joint Distribution Patterns

Hee-Yeong Hwang and Sung-Oong Choi

Abstract : The Free-Free Resonant Test (FFRT) has been conducted to analyze the dynamic properties of each specimen with variation of material properties, such as particle size or joint pattern. Three types of mortar specimens have been made with different particle size, the artificial joint specimens have been made with different joint number, and the anhydrite specimens have been made with different joint thickness. From the results, it is shown that dynamic Young's modulus and dynamic shear modulus increase with particle size of sand in mortar specimen. These dynamic moduli show decreasing, however, with number of joint in artificial joint specimen.

And also it is revealed that the dynamic moduli and joint thickness are inversely related.

Key words : Resonant frequency, Free-Free Resonant Test, Dynamic properties, Artificial joint

څ أ ٍ҆ĵقԴəėݕܳࣷսεۋڌॠي֨ॹठϔݗۆ࣢Ձق˰δʴۺНՁÉۆԜěěćε؎؉҃Č

ۙϿβࢍβ֨ॹठęۍėۼν֨ॹठں܃ۚॠČ, تɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹںսॱॠٕɰ. ۋεࣀ३Ͽ͒ۓۙۆ

ࡾşεČͲॢϿβࢍβ֨ॹठęۼνۆÒսٮÁʪ, ߿ۻНۆ˃ƍεČͲॢ֨ॹठۆʴ࢏Ձćսٮʴۻɳ ćսŔνČÇկҼٮʴप؉բҼˣںԓ܁ॠČÁÁۆʴۺНՁ࣢ՁںҼİқԵॠٕɰ. қԵĀęϿβࢍβ

֨ॹठۆۓۙࡾşÀۚںս΀, ۍėۼνۆÒսф߿ۻНݗۆتۋψ؉ݗս΀ʴ࢏Ձćսٮʴۻɳćսə

ÇՙॠəìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ.

ܳڅر ėݕܳࣷս, تɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹ, ʴۺНՁ, ۍėۼν

2012ț12ښ13ێۿս, 2013ț1ښ18ێ֮ԐٰΒ 2013ț2ښ14ێóۦঝ܁

1) Ìڙʂॡİقȃݓۙڙėॡę

*Corresponding Author(߯Ձږ) E-mail; [email protected]

Address; Department of Energy & Resources Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Korea

Դ΁

߯ŖܼĶۆ׵߬Ձݓݕ, ؉ۋ࣯ݓݕ, ێ҆ʴҚҙ

ݓݕˣν০ࢢőϿ7.09.0ۆÌݕڷͿۍॢφʂॢ

ۍϼक़३фۦԓक़३ÀьԦॢцەɰ. ࣢০ۥڹݓݕ ڷͿǴݕԺćÌĶڷͿۍ܁ыʏێ҆ۆąڍ, Ժć࠘

εߣęॢݓݕڷͿۍॢڙۻ֨ԺۆࣷĨٮۋͿۍॢ

2޲क़३Ϳʌڎࢀक़३εۓؽɰ. ۋ͠ॢԐͻ˞ۆٖ

ॳڷͿǴݕԺćəज़څقۆ३ԴÀ؉ɨज़սۺڷͿۺ

ڌʼرآॣڅՙͿۦۍ֩ʼČەڷǣ, ĶǴۆąڍǴ ݕԺćۆşܵںԺςॢ1988țۋ঳ইۦūݓ, ێҙܳ

څ ֨Ժقχ ۺڌॠČ ەə ֬܁ۋɰ.

ǴݕԺćεڦ३Դəݓݕࣷۆäʴقʂॢٚࠑںࣀ ३ۺۼॢԺć࠘εۺڌ३آॠݓχই֬ۺڷͿəݓݕ ں܁ঝॠóٚࠑॠəìڹҝÀɠॠɰ. ݓݕࣷəݕڙ ݓͿҙࢢݓĵۆǴҙǣशϸں˰͆ۻɵʼə߿üࣷͿ Դ, ݕڙݓقԴۆɳࠗۋǣؒъۆ࣢Ձقۆ३ɵ͆ݓ

϶ݕڙݓقԴěࠑ۾ūݓۻࣷąͿقۆॢٖॳ, ěࠑ

۾ॠҙݓъۆݒफ࣢Ձˣقٖॳںыəɰ. ࣢০शࠗ

ݓъۆٖॳڹݕʴս࣢ՁقԜɾॢٖॳںй࠘əì ڷͿ؎Ͳ܋ەɰ(Jun and Kang, 2008). ݓݕۆьԦڷ Ϳۍ३ݓъۋݕʴॠóʼČۋݕʴۆܳࣷսÀĵܓ Нۆėݕܳࣷսٮێ࠘ॠóʼϸݕʴۆݒफۋьԦॢ

ɰ. ۋ͠ॢݕʴۆݒफڹĵܓНۆҝ؋ۻՁںߣ͒ॠ óʼдͿĵܓНॠҙؒъۆ߿üࣷäʴقʂॢ࣢Ձ

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(a) Longitudinal mode (b) Torsional mode Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of free-free resonant column testing system.

Table 1. The specifications of accelerometer and impact hammer

Accelerometer Impact hammer

Measurement range (m/s²) ±4,905 Measurement range (N) 222

Frequency range (Hz) 560,000 Resonant frequency (kHz) 뽧100

Broadband resolution (m/s²rms) 0.02 Hammer mass (gm) 4.8

Resonant frequency (kHz) 뽧95

ں ࣷ؊ॠə ìڹ ϔڍ ܼڅॠɰ.

ؒъڹێъۺڷͿۼν, ࠗν, ɳࠗˣęÏڹɰتॢ

ҝٍ՚ϸںप॥ॠČەڷ϶, ˺Ϳəٍأʂٮࣷթʂε

प॥ॠəąڍʪҾѥॠɰ(Kim et al., 2006). ̚ॢҝٍ՚

ϸںɰսप॥ॠəؒъĵܓНڹĵܓНܳѺۆҝٍ՚

ϸқपͿۍ३ĵܓНۆʴۺф܁ۺäʴ࣢ՁęࣷĨت Ԝۋࡾóɵ͆ݓдͿ, ĵܓНۆ؋ۻԺćεڦ३Դəҝ

ٍ՚ϸقʂॢČͲÀܼڅॠɰ(Ha and Yang, 2006). Ķ ǴقԴʪ߯ŖėݕܳࣷսεটڌॢؒԵۆʴۺНՁ࣢

ՁقʂॢٍĵÀটь০ݕॱʼČەڷǣࡓࡾν࣡ĵܓ Нۋǣؒܛق˰δʴۺНՁ࣢Ձقʂॢٍĵ˞ۋʂҙ қۋ϶, ҝٍ՚ϸقʂॢٍĵəψݓ؍ڹ֬܁ۋɰ.

ٍ҆ĵقԴəėݕܳࣷսεۋڌॠي֨ॹठۆʴۺ НՁ࣢ՁںқԵ३҃Čۙ֨ॹठں܃ۚॠČتɳۙڮ

ėݕܳ֨ॹںսॱॠٕɰ. ࣢০ؒъںĵՁॠəϔݗ

࣢Ձق˰δʴۺНՁ࣢ՁںČͲॠşڦॠيϔݗۆ

ۓۙࡾşÀԴͿɰδąڍٮۼνεप॥ॠČەə֨

ॹठںÀ܁ॠيϿβࢍβ֨ॹठęۍėۼν֨ॹठں

܃ۚॠٕɰ. ̚ॢҝٍ՚ϸԐۋق߿ۻНݗںप॥ॠČ

ەəąڍ, ߿ۻНݗۋʴۺНՁ࣢Ձقй࠘əٖॳق

ʂॢ қԵʪ ॥ƍ êࢹʼؽɰ.

֨ॹѓѪф֨ॹठ܃ۚ

تɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹ

تɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹںࣀ३ࠑ܁ʽėݕܳࣷսəй

ՙѺ঍έًٖقԴۆ࢏Ձćս, ۻɳćս, ÇկҼεĀ

܁ॠəʚԐڌʼ϶ٍ҆ĵقԴəėݕܳࣷսࠑ܁ںڦ ३Fig. 1ęÏڹتɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹۤҼεĵ߹ॠٕ

ɰ. تɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹۤ࠘əş॒҆ͪےę߿üࣷ

εьԦ֨ࢅəۤ࠘ۍ߿ü३Ϣ(impact hammer), ս֪

ۤ࠘ۍ À՚ʪć(accelerometer)Ϳ ĵՁʼر ەڷ϶ ս

֪ۤ࠘قԴы؉˞ۍࣷ঍ں˥ݓࢥ֪঒ͿѺঞ३ܳə

Dynamic analyzerεࣀॠيࣷ঍ۆѺঞęқԵۋÀɠ ॠɰ. تɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹѪقԴə֨ॹठقҙ޳ʼə

À՚ʪćۆڦ࠘ٮ߿ü३Ϣۆࢍü۾ق˰͆ܛࣷϿ˚

(Longitudinal mode)ٮҼࣥρࣷϿ˚(Torsional mode) ۆėݕܳࣷսεࠑ܁ॣսەɰ. ٍ҆ĵقԴԐڌʽ߿

ü३ϢٮÀ՚ʪćۆ܃ڙڹTabel 1ęÏڷ϶, ASTM C 215 قԴ܃֨ॠČەə֨ॹѪق˰͆تɳۙڮė ݕܳ ֨ॹں սॱॠٕɰ.

Āęߌν

߿ü३Ϣεࣀ३ьԦॢڿͳࣷÀϔݗ, ݌֨ॹठں

ࣀęॠيÀ՚ʪćقÇݓʽݕफںFFT(Fast Fourier Transform)Ѻঞںࣀ३ܳࣷսًٖڷͿशইॠϸFig.

2ٮÏڹĀęεصںսەɰ. ۋܳࣷսًٖܼÀۤ

ࢀݕफں Àݗ ˺ۆ ܳࣷսεėݕܳࣷս͆ ॢɰ.

ܛࣷϿ˚قԴন˛ʽėݕܳࣷսə֩(1)ںࣀॠي

ʴ࢏Ձćսε ԓ܁ॣ ս ەɰ.

_Ƃá¦ÞƄ_¥ß^Ï (1)

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(a) longitudinal mode (b) torsional mode Fig. 2. Resonant frequency from free-free resonant column test.

يşԴ, _Ƃəʴ࢏Ձćս(GPa), əÒí×ÖÐ Z¥îƂ^Ï, ¥ڹ

֨ॹठۆţۋ(m), Ƃə֨ॹठۆݔą(m), ¦ڹ֨ॹठ ۆ Иó(kg), Ƅ_¥ə ܛࣷۆ ėݕܳࣷս(Hz)ۋɰ.

̚ॢҼࣥρࣷϿ˚قԴন˛ॢėݕܳࣷսə֩(2) εۋڌॠي ʴۻɳćսεԓ܁ॣ ս ەɰ.

_Ƃá¦ÞƄß^Ï (2)

يşԴ, _Ƃəʴۻɳćս(GPa), əÞÑZ¥Z«ßî, ¥ ə֨ॹठۆţۋ(m), «ڹ֨ॹठۆ঍ԜćսͿ׆, ڙ

঍ێąڍ1ۋɰ. ̚ॢə֨ॹठۆɳϸۺ(m²), ¦ڹ

֨ॹठۆ Иó(kg), Ƅə Ҽࣥρࣷۆ ėݕܳࣷս(Hz) ۋɰ.

ܛࣷϿ˚ٮҼࣥρࣷϿ˚قԴۆÇկҼۍ_¥ę əܳࣷսًٖŔ॒͒قԴHalf power band width ѓ Ѫق˰͆߯ʂݕफۆ0.707ѕق३ɾॠə˃ݓ۾ۆ

ܳࣷսƄ_¥ÎęƄ_¥Ï фƄ_ÎęƄ_ÏͿҙࢢ֩(3)ںۋڌॠ يĵॣս ەɰ.

_¥á ÞƄ_¥Ïà Ƅ_¥ÎßîÏƄ_¥

á ÞƄ_Ïà Ƅ_ÎßîÏƄ (3)

يşԴ, _¥əܛࣷϿ˚قԴۆÇկҼ, əҼࣥρ

ࣷϿ˚قԴۆÇկҼ, ^Ƅ_¥Î, Ƅ_¥Ïəܛࣷۆݕफۆ0.707 ѕق३ɾॠə˃ݓ۾قԴۆܳࣷս(Hz), Ƅ_Î, Ƅ_ÏəҼ

ࣥρࣷۆݕफۆ0.707ѕق३ɾॠə˃ݓ۾قԴۆܳ

ࣷս(Hz)ۋɰ.

ʴप؉բҼŃ_ƂəܛࣷϿ˚ٮҼࣥρࣷϿ˚قԴԓ܁

ʽʴ࢏Ձćսٮʴۻɳćսεۋڌॠي֩(4)ٮÏۋ

ԓ܁ॢɰ.

Ń_Ƃá Þ_ƂîÏ _Ƃß à Î (4)

يşԴ, Ń_Ƃəʴप؉բҼ, _Ƃəʴ࢏Ձćս(GPa), _Ƃ ə ʴۻɳćս(GPa)ۋɰ.

Ͽ͒ۓۙࡾşق˰δϿβࢍβ֨ॹठ

ٍ҆ĵقԴəʴێॢՁқںÍəϔݗۆۓۙࡾş ق˰δʴۺНՁ࣢ՁںқԵ३҃Čۙ֨ϯ࣡ٮϿ͒

εۋڌॠيϿβࢍβ֨ॹठں܃ۚॠٕɰ. ֨ॹठ܃ۚ

֨ɰδڅۍقۆॢٖॳںѕ܃ॠşڦ३Ͽ͒ۓۙࡾ

şε܃ٽॢɰδܓæڹϿ˃ʴێॢܓæڷͿڮݓॠ Č, ߕݕʴşεۋڌॠيқΪॣսەəϿ͒ۓܼۙق ԴۓۙÂۆࡾş޲ۋÀϼঝॠóǣࢍǣə3Òۆѩڦ ε Ը܁ॠي NXࡑر ࡾşͿ֨ॹठں ܃ۚॠٕɰ.

ÁÁۆϿ͒ۓۙࡾşəशܵߕőüق˰͆MS-A(0.25

0.425 mm), MS-B(0.500.85 mm), MS-C(1.192.00 mm)ͿқΪॠٕڷ϶Ͽ͒ٮ֨ϯ࣡ݗ͟ҼфНۆҼ ə1:1:0.4Ϳॠٕɰ. ֨ॹठ܃ۚقԐڌʽ֨ϯ࣡əҼ

ܼ3.15ۆێъप͔ࣥ˚֨ϯ࣡ۋɰ. ̚ॢ֨ॹठ܃ۚ

֨ьԦॣսەə֨ॹठǴҙۆėŕں߯ʂॢܶۋČ

ۙцۋҵͪۋࢢεۋڌॠي߿қॢɰݙںսॱॠٕڷ

϶, KS F 2827(٣սتԦѪ)ő܁قܵॠي7ێÂսܼ

تԦںսॱॠٕɰ. ڦٮÏڹѓѪق˰͆܃ۚʽϿβ

ࢍβ ֨ॹठڹ Fig. 3ę Ïɰ.

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(a)

(b)

(c)

Fig. 3. Mortar specimens with different size of sand particle;

(a) particle size of sand = 0.250.425 mm, (b) particle size of sand = 0.500.85 mm, (c) particle size of sand

= 1.192.00 mm.

Fig. 4. Gypsum mold for producing artificial joints in rock specimen.

ۼνۆÒսٮÁʪεČͲॢۍėۼν֨ॹठ Kimˣ(2004)قۆॠϸۼνقԴ߿ۻНݗۆܕۦڮ ИəؒъĵܓНۆ؋܁Ձقϔڍࢀٖॳںй࠘əڅ ՙͿқΪॠČەɰ. ێъۺڷͿؒԵقܕۦॠəۼν əҝő࠙ۺۋČ֨߸ѓॳфؒԵࡑر޽ࠄ֨ۚغঞ ąقۆॢٖॳںψۋыڷдͿ֬Ǵ֨ॹقۺ०ॢ঍

ࢗۆۼν֨ॹठںصşÀ֖ݓ؍ɰ. ̚ॢۼνۆқप

تԜڹϔڍɰتॠيÁÁۆۼνقʂॢĀęқԵں

ࣀ३३ɾݓًۆۼνķقʂॢʂऺÉںԸ܁ॠşə֖

ݓ؍ɰ. ˰͆Դۼνۆқप࣢ՁфۼνǴ߿ۻНݗۆ

қप࣢Ձق˰δؒԵۆʴۺäʴ࣢Ձںԕट҃şڦॠ يٍ҆ĵقԴəؒԵ֨ॹठںʂԜڷͿۍėۼνεՁ

঍ॠČ, ۼνۆتɳϸԐۋق߿ۻНݗۋܕۦॠəą ڍεÀ܁ॠيۼνۆ঍ࢗεɳտজ֨ࢇ֨ॹठں܃ۚ

ॠٕɰ. ֨ॹठ܃ۚقԐڌʽ߿ۻНݗڹێъܳۓڌA śԵČͿ, शܵঔս͟75%, ąজऋ޻έ0.12%, ؓ߹

Ìʪ14.7 MPaۍ܃ुںԐڌॠٕڷ϶, शܵঔս͟ق

ϑࠀ ԵČٮ Нۆ Ҽε 1:0.75Ϳ Ձ঍ॠٕɰ.

֨ॹठڹۼνۆÒսٮÁʪق˰δۼνқप঍ࢗε

ČͲॠşڦॠيۍėۼνۆÁʪÀÁÁ0°, 30°, 60°, 90°ۍ4ÀݓۆąڍεÀ܁ॠٕڷ϶ÁÁۆÁʪѻͿ7 Òۆ֨ॹठۋ1ÒۆsetÀʼʪ΀֨ॹठں܃ۚॠٕɰ.

̚ॢÁsetυɰ֨ॹठۆۼνÒսε1, 2, 3ÒͿݒÀ

֨ࢅϸԴۼνۆÒսÀݒÀॣ˺υɰتɳۙڮėݕ

ܳ֨ॹںսॱॠٕɰ. ۍėۼν܃ۚقԐڌʽ֨ॹठ ڹߪ28ÒۆজÌؒݗठυؒ֨ॹठںʂԜڷͿॠٕ

ڷ϶, ًॡۺНՁܼϔݗۆ࣢Ձęěʹʽ࢏Ձࣷ՚ʪ εşܵڷͿÁsetۆ࢏Ձࣷ՚ʪۆथŒÉۋҼ֦ॢÉ ںÍʪ΀֨ॹठںқΪॠٕɰ. ÁÁۆۼνÂüڹս ݔäνÀʴێॠʪ΀ˣÂüڷͿ܃ۚॠٕڷ϶, ߿ۻق

˰δţۋф঍ԜѺজε߯ՙজॠČۙFig. 4ٮÏۋ

Ձ঍ࣥں܃ۚॠيԐڌॠٕɰ. Fig. 5əۍėۼνۆÒ սٮ Áʪε ɵνॠي ܃ۚʽ ֨ॹठۆ Ͽ֥ۋɰ.

߿ۻНۆ˃ƍٮÁʪεČͲॢۍėۼν֨ॹठ

ؒԵںۋڌॢۍėۼν֨ॹठڹۼνεՁ঍ॠəʚ

܃ॢڅՙÀψş˺Лقɰتॢ঍ࢗۆۼνεГԐॠş

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(a) Single artificial joint

(b) Double artificial joint

(c) Triple artificial joint

Fig. 5. Rock specimens with artificial joint (joint angle : 30°).

Fig. 6. Comparison of each volume by standard joint and inclined joint.

رͲړۋەɰ. ˰͆Դٍ҆ĵقԴəؒԵ֨ॹठۆ֨ॹ ठՁ঍قʂॢ܃ॢںŕ҄ॠČۼνۆÁʪф߿ۻН ۆ˃ƍق˰δʴۺНՁѺজεқԵ३҃ČۙؒԵę

ڮԐॢՁݗںÍəąԵČٮێъԵČεۋڌॠيNXࡑ رࡾşͿ ֨ॹठں܃ۚॠٕɰ. ąԵČəйςۆқϊͿ

֨ॹठں Ձ঍ॠٕں ˺, ϔݗۋ ϔڍ ŒݗॠČ ؒԵق

Ҽ३ ֨ॹठں Ձ঍ॠş ֑ڍ϶ ڍսॢ Ìʪε Íəɰ.

ISRM(1978)قԴő܁ॠČەə߿ۻНڹҝٍ՚ϸقԴ

ۍۿॢ ؒԵ ѹϸں қν֨ࢅə НݗͿ, ҃ࣀ Ͽؒ҃ɰ

ÌʪÀأॢąڍÀʂҙқۋɰ. ˰͆ԴٍۙԜࢗقܕ ۦॠČەəϿؒę߿ۻНݗۆěćεČͲॠيąԵČ εϿؒڷͿ, ێъԵČε߿ۻНݗͿÀ܁ॠيąԵČԐ ۋقێъԵČε߿ۻॠə঍ࢗͿ֨ॹठں܃ۚॠٕɰ.

֨ॹठ܃ۚقԐڌʽąԵČəशܵঔս͟21%, ąজ

ऋ޻έ0.09%, ؓ߹Ìʪ92 MPaۍ܃ुںԐڌॠٕɰ.

ԵČۼν֨ॹठں܃ۚॣ˺߿ۻНۆ˃ƍə1, 2, 3 cmͿÀ܁ॠٕڷ϶, ֨ॹठۋÍəۍėۼνۆÁʪ ə 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°À ʼʪ΀ ॠٕɰ.

߿ۻНݗۆتںČͲॢ࠘ঞۼν֨ॹठ

Fig. 6قԴǣࢍǶцٮÏۋ, ߿ۻНݗںप॥ॠČە ə֨ॹठڹۼνۆąԐÁق˰͆, ʴێॢҙक़εÍə

֨ॹठǴقԴʪ߿ۻНݗۆتۋɵ͆ݓ϶, ۋ͠ॢ޲

ۋə֨ॹठۆϔݗ࣢ՁфҼܼۆ޲ۋͿǣࢍǣóʽ ɰ. ˰͆ԴFig. 6ęÏڹÒȝںʪۓॠي֨ॹठۆÁ ʪÀѺজ॥ق˰͆ɵ͆ݓə߿ۻНݗۆتںҙक़Ϳ

ঞԓॠيҼİॠٕɰ. ߿ۻНݗۆ˃ƍεh͆ॣ˺, ۼ νۆÁʪ(ľ)Àɰβʌ͆ʪhۆÉڹԴͿʴێॠɰ. ॠ ݓχۼνۆÁʪق˰δ߿ۻНęąԵČۆۿߤϸۺڹ

ԴͿɰβɰ. ۋ͠ॢ޲ۋͿۍ३߿ۻНݗۋ޲ݓॠə

ҙक़޲ۋəƆÞ_Ƈà_ƑßͿशইॣսەڷ϶, ߿ۻНݗ ۆتۆ޲ۋəĀĶ֨ॹठǴҙεࣀęॠə߿üࣷۆ

ۋʴ՚ʪ޲ۋͿǣࢍǣóʽɰ. ۋ͠ॢÒȝںࣀ३ʴ ێॢتۆ߿ۻНںÍə0° Áʪۆ࠘ঞۼν֨ॹठں

܃ۚॠٕڷ϶, ÁʪεÍəۍėۼν֨ॹठęۆҼİε

ࣀ३߿ۻНݗۆÁʪÀʴ࢏Ձćսٮʴۻɳćսقй

࠘ə ٖॳں қԵ३҃Čۙ ॠٕɰ.

֨ॹĀę

Ͽ͒ۓۙࡾşق˰δϿβࢍβ֨ॹठۆş҆НՁф

ʴۺНՁ࣢Ձ

ٍ҆ĵقԴ܃ۚʽϿβࢍβ֨ॹठۆʴۺНՁÉں

(6)

Table 2. Physical properties of mortar specimens with different sand particle size

Specimen groups*

Apparent density (kN/m³)

Absorption (%)

Elastic wave velocity (m/s) Uniaxial compressive strength (MPa)

Young’s modulus

(GPa)

Poisson’s ratio P-wave S-wave

MS-A 19.11 14.09 2,770 1,600 29.7 14.1 0.22

MS-B 18.47 13.70 3,140 1,810 32.7 17.5 0.22

MS-C 18.01 11.27 3,270 1,890 36.8 18.8 0.21

*MS-A ; 0.2500.425 mm, MS-B ; 0.5000.850 mm, MS-C ; 1.1902.000 mm.

Fig. 7. Elastic wave velocity with different sand particle size of mortar specimens.

Fig. 8. Absorption with different sand particle size of mortar specimens.

ࠑ܁ॠşقؘԴԴНνۺ, ًॡۺ࣢Ձںࣷ؊ॠşڦ

ॢНՁ֨ॹںսॱॠٕɰ. Table 2əϿβࢍβ֨ॹठ ۆş҆НՁ֨ॹĀęۋɰ. Fig. 7قԴ҃əцٮÏۋ

Ͽ͒ۓۙۆࡾşÀ࠶ݗս΀࢏Ձࣷ՚ʪəݒÀॠəت Ԝں҃ۋČەɰ. ъϸড়սڱڹϿ͒ۓۙۆࡾşÀݒ Àॣս΀ۚ؉ݓəìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ(Fig. 8). ێ߹ؓ߹Ì ʪٮ࢏ՁćսəϿ͒ۓۙۆࡾşÀ࠶ݙق˰͆॥ƍ

ݒÀॠəĀęεǣࢍǴؽڷ϶, ۻߕۺۍϿβࢍβ֨ॹ ठۆНՁÉڹϿ͒ۓۙۆࡾşقҼͻॠيݒÀॠəì ڷͿ ǣࢍǮɰ(Table 2).

Ͽβࢍβ֨ॹठقʂॢتɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹۆĀę əTable 3ق܁νॢцٮÏɰ. Ͽβࢍβ֨ॹठۆʴ

࢏ՁćսəϿ͒ۓۙۆࡾşÀࢁս΀ݒÀॠəìڷͿ

ǣࢍǮɰ. ۋəʴ࢏ՁćսÀ࢏Ձࣷ՚ʪф࢏Ձćս

ÉęҼͻॠيݒÀॠəìڷͿǣࢍǮʏԸॱٍĵĀę ٮҙ०ʼəĀęۋɰ(Min et al., 2011). ̚ॢʴۻɳć սً֨Ͽ͒ۓۙۆࡾşÀ࠶ݗս΀۾޲ݒÀॠəą ॳۋǣࢍǮɰ. Ŕ͠ǣFig. 9قԴঝۍॣսەˢۋʴ

࢏ՁćսۆݒÀڱڹʴۻɳćսۆݒÀڱ҃ɰȭóǣ

ࢍǦɰ. ۋ͠ॢĀęəʴ࢏ՁćսٮʴۻɳćսۆÉں

ࣀ३ԓ܁ॣսەəʴप؉բҼقъٖʼرǣࢍǣó

ʼ϶, ʴप؉բҼəϿ͒ۓۙۆࡾşÀ࠶ݗս΀ݒÀॠ əąॳں ҃ۍɰ(Fig. 10).

Ͽβࢍβ֨ॹठۆÇկҼəܛࣷϿ˚ۆąڍϿ͒ۓ

ۙۆࡾşÀۚ؉ݗս΀0.51, 0.53, 0.58ͿݒÀॠəìڷ ͿǣࢍǮɰ. ̚ॢҼࣥρࣷϿ˚قԴۆÇկҼəMS-Aق Դ1.23, MS-Bۆąڍ0.69, MS-CۆĀęقԴ0.83ڷͿ

ǣࢍǣ࣢ѻॢąॳںঝۍॠşرͲڝɰ. ॠݓχۋ͠ॢ

ĀęəथŒÉںࣀ३ǣࢍǦĀęͿԴ, MS-C-4 ֨ॹठ قʂॢҼࣥρࣷϿ˚ۆÇկҼÀɰδ֨ॹठۆĀęÉ

҃ɰ2ѕۋԜȭڹÉۋǣࢍǣۻߕĀęقࢀٖॳں

ܳؽş˺ЛۍìڷͿԐΒʽɰ. ˰͆ԴMS-C-4 ֨ॹठ ں ܃ٽॢ ֨ॹठ˞ۆ ÇկҼε қԵ३ ҃ϸ MS-Cۆ

ąڍÇկҼə0.68ͿÂܳॣսەɰ. ˰͆ԴFig. 11ق Դ҃əцٮÏۋϿ͒ۓۙۆࡾşÀۚ؉ݗս΀Çկ ҼÀ ۾޲ ݒÀॠəĀęε ঝۍॣ ս ەؽɰ.

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(m/s) (Hz) (%) (GPa) (m/s) (Hz) (%) (GPa)

MS-A (0.25

 0.425 mm)

1 2,800 14,250 0.53 14.6 1,850 9,400 1.33 6.3 0.15

2 2,820 14,300 0.61 14.1 1,830 9,287 1.21 5.9 0.19

3 2,760 14,290 0.48 13.9 1,840 9,488 1.32 6.1 0.13

4 2,810 14,430 0.69 14.3 1,830 9,412 1.06 6.1 0.18

5 2,750 14,000 0.58 13.8 1,820 9,263 1.21 6.0 0.14

Ave. 2,790 14,254 0.58 14.1 1,830 9,370 1.23 6.1 0.16

MS-B (0.500

 0.85 mm)

1 3,070 15,460 0.52 17.8 2,000 10,060 0.87 7.5 0.18

2 3,000 15,150 0.53 16.9 1,960 9,925 0.76 7.2 0.17

3 3,060 15,540 0.60 18.1 1,990 10,110 0.74 7.6 0.18

4 3,040 15,430 0.44 17.0 2,010 10,190 0.61 7.4 0.15

5 3,030 15,530 0.56 17.0 1,990 10,190 0.49 7.3 0.16

Ave. 3,040 15,422 0.53 17.3 1,990 10,095 0.69 7.4 0.17

MS-C (1.190

 2.00 mm)

1 3,120 15,780 0.55 19.0 2,010 10,160 0.80 7.9 0.21

2 3,180 16,280 0.42 19.8 2,060 10,540 0.71 8.3 0.19

3 3,080 15,390 0.41 18.4 2,020 10,100 0.62 7.9 0.16

4 3,160 15,990 0.63 20.0 2,040 10,300 1.46 8.3 0.21

5 3,200 16,430 0.53 20.2 2,060 10,580 0.59 8.4 0.21

Ave. 3,150 15,974 0.51 19.5 2,040 10,336 0.83 8.2 0.19

*VL : velocity of longitudinal wave,

FL : resonant frequency in longitudinal mode, DL : damping ratio in longitudinal mode, Ed : dynamic Young’s modulus,

줚d : dynamic Poisson’s ratio.

VT : velocity of torsional wave,

FT : resonant frequency in torsional mode, DT : damping ratio in torsional mode, Gd : dynamic shear modulus,

Fig. 9. Relationship between sand particle size and dynamic moduli in Young’s and shear.

Fig. 10. Relationship between sand particle size and dynamic Poisson’s ratio.

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Table 4. Dynamic properties of artificial joint specimens with different joint angle

Joint angle (°)

Joint number

Longitudinal mode Torsional mode

줚d

VL

(m/s)

FL

(Hz)

DL

(%)

Ed

(GPa)

VT

(m/s)

FT

(Hz)

DT

(%)

Gd

(GPa)

0

0 4,330 19,254 0.58 51.4 2,850 12,684 0.34 22.3 0.15

1 3,520 15,587 1.26 33.5 2,310 10,236 0.74 14.5 0.16

2 3,330 14,754 1.06 29.8 2,160 9,580 0.64 12.6 0.19

3 3,120 13,809 1.06 25.8 1,910 8,457 1.19 9.7 0.36

30

0 4,320 19,224 0.75 51.0 2,880 12,810 0.31 22.6 0.13

1 3,480 15,491 0.89 32.7 2,450 10,884 0.52 16.1 2.00

2 3,210 14,319 0.86 27.5 2,310 10,284 0.69 14.2 -0.03

3 3,070 13,696 0.93 24.9 1,850 8,261 0.76 9.1 0.38

60

0 4,340 19,440 0.69 51.5 2,880 12,893 0.36 22.6 0.14

1 3,780 16,926 0.92 38.2 2,480 11,076 0.62 16.3 0.19

2 3,560 15,923 1.27 33.3 2,210 9,876 0.70 12.8 0.31

3 3,340 14,976 1.54 29.1 2,100 9,425 0.62 11.5 0.28

90

0 4,430 19,719 0.60 54.0 2,890 12,893 0.39 23.1 0.17

1 4,290 19,090 0.97 49.8 2,390 10,617 0.88 15.4 0.62

2 4,310 19,133 1.67 48.0 2,230 9,928 0.60 12.9 0.86

3 4,260 18,959 1.88 44.9 2,080 9,234 1.48 10.6 1.11

FL : resonant frequency in longitudinal mode, DL : damping ratio in longitudinal mode, Ed : dynamic Young's modulus,

줚d : dynamic Poisson's ratio.

FT : resonant frequency in torsional mode, DT : damping ratio in torsional mode, Gd : dynamic shear modulus, Fig. 11. Relationship between sand particle size and damping

ratio.

Jung ˣ(2010)قۆॠϸ֨ॹठۆÌʪфÌՁʪ(ė ݕܳࣷս)ÀݒÀॣս΀ÇկҼəʂߕͿۚóĀ܁ʼə

ąॳں҃ۍɰ. Ͽβࢍβ֨ॹठۆ֨ॹĀęεқԵ३҃

ϸϿ͒ۓۙۆࡾşÀ࠶ݗս΀֨ॹठǴҙۆϔݗۆĀ ०ͳڹ࠘нॠČɳɳॢìڷͿࣺɳʽɰ. ۋə֨ϯ࣡À

أ50 łƋ ܁ʪۆࡾşεÍəйςۙͿϿ͒ۓۙԐۋۆ

ࣧں ޽ڍə ߿ۻۚڌں ॠş ˺ЛۍìڷͿ ԐΒʽɰ.

ŔĀę֨ॹठǴҙقۓۙÂۆĀ०ͳ޲ۋÀǣࢍǣó

ʼČ, ۋ͠ॢ޲ۋقۆ३ş҆НՁфʴۺНՁۋÁÁ

ɰδ تԜں ǣࢍǴə ìڷͿࣺɳॣս ەɰ.

ۼνۆÒսٮÁʪق˰δ֨ॹठۆʴۺНՁ࣢Ձ ۍėۼνۆÒսٮÁʪεČͲॠي܃ۚʽؒԵۍė ۼν֨ॹठۆتɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹۆĀęəTable 4 ٮÏɰ. ؒԵ֨ॹठۆۍėۼνقۆॢٖॳںČͲॠ şڦ३ИĀؒԜࢗۆ֨ॹठںʂԜڷͿتɳۙڮė ݕܳ֨ॹںսॱॠٕڷ϶, ۍėۼνۆÒսεݒÀ֨ࢅ

ϸԴتɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹںսॱॠيÁÁۆʴ࢏Ձć սٮ ʴۻɳćս ŔνČ ÇկҼε ĵॠٕɰ.

ؒԵۍėۼν֨ॹठۆتɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹĀęə

ۼνۆÒսÀݒÀॣս΀ʴ࢏Ձćսə۾޲Çՙॠə

(9)

Fig. 12. Relationship between dynamic Young’s modulus and number of artificial joints.

Fig. 13. Relationship between dynamic shear modulus and number of artificial joints.

Fig. 14. Damping ratio distribution in longitudinal mode with the number of artificial joints.

Fig. 15. Damping ratio distribution in torsional mode with the number of artificial joints.

ۼνۆÁʪÀ90°ۍ֨ॹठقԴəۼνۆÒսق˰

δʴ࢏ՁćսۆÇՙÀ30°, 60°ۍ֨ॹठقҼ३ۚó

ǣࢍǮɰ. ۋ͠ॢĀęəۼνۆÁʪÀ90°ۍ֨ॹठۆ

߿ۻНݗۋܛࣷۆݕॱѓॳęथॱۍڦ࠘قܕۦॠي

ɰδÁʪۆ֨ॹठقҼ३߿ۻНݗۋ߿üࣷۆݕॱق

й࠘əٖॳۋÀۤۺş˺ЛۍìڷͿࣺɳʽɰ. ʴۻ ɳćսۆÉڹFig. 13ęÏۋÁʪق˰δٖॳڹäۆ

ǣࢍǣݓ؍ČۼνۆÒսÀݒÀॣս΀Ҽ֦ॢսܵڷ

ąڍʪǣࢍǣČەɰ(Fig. 14 and 15). ˰͆ԴÁʪق

˰δÇկҼۆąॳқԵڹرͲڍǣۼνۆÒսÀݒ À॥ق˰͆ۻߕۺۍÇկҼÀݒÀॠəąॳڹঝۍॣ

սەɰ. Jung ˣ(2010)قۆॠϸėݕܳࣷսۆÇկҼ ə֨ॹۆܓæق˰͆ҝő࠙ۺڷͿ۹ًٖܳࣷقԴ

ęʂॢقȃݓεÍəąڍ, ۹ًٖܳࣷęČًٖܳࣷ

Ͽ˃قԴęʂॢ֪঒εÍəąڍˣϔڍɰتॢتԜ ۆ١ΪÀप॥ʽ֪঒εন˛ॠəąڍÀьԦॠəì

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Table 5. Dynamic properties of artificial joint specimen and conversion specimen Joint

angle (°)

Thickness of joint

(cm)

Longitudinal mode Torsional mode

줚d

VL

(m/s) FL

(Hz)

DL

(%)

Ed

(GPa) VT

(m/s) FT

(Hz)

DT

(%)

Gd

(GPa)

0

1 2,630 12,890 0.68 13.7 1,710 8,387 0.74 5.8 0.18

2 2,140 10,600 0.71 8.8 1,420 7,025 1.19 3.9 0.14

3 1,880 9,325 3.16 6.6 1,300 6,425 1.44 3.1 0.05

15

1 2,570 12,500 2.85 13.5 1,690 8,213 0.54 5.8 0.16

2 2,070 9,875 0.51 8.4 1,360 6,500 0.67 3.7 0.15

3 1,910 9,363 0.53 6.9 1,300 6,375 1.08 3.2 0.08

conversion

1 2,520 12,710 1.33 12.7 1,650 8,313 0.83 5.4 0.17

2 2,020 9,838 0.57 7.8 1,330 6,500 0.58 3.4 0.15

3 1,890 9,138 0.61 6.8 1,260 6,112 0.71 3.0 0.12

30

1 2,440 12,030 0.62 11.3 1,710 8,412 0.77 5.5 0.02

2 2,050 10,130 0.80 7.8 1,480 7,325 0.46 4.1 -0.04

3 1,870 9,200 0.82 6.2 1,330 6,525 0.49 3.1 -0.01

conversion

1 2,460 12,230 0.67 12.0 1,640 8,125 0.60 5.3 0.13

2 2,100 10,390 1.03 8.3 1,390 6,875 0.80 3.7 0.14

3 1,910 9,488 3.22 6.7 1,290 6,400 1.75 3.0 0.10

45

1 2,350 11,390 1.43 11.1 1,750 8,463 0.44 6.1 -0.09

2 1,980 9,525 2.10 7.5 1,370 6,600 0.57 3.6 0.04

3 1,860 8,662 1.52 6.2 1,260 5,875 1.06 2.9 0.09

conversion

1 2,220 10,860 0.46 9.6 1,460 7,125 0.79 4.1 0.16

2 1,950 9,563 0.59 7.2 1,290 6,325 0.79 3.1 0.14

3 1,790 8,638 0.87 5.8 1,220 5,900 2.02 2.7 0.07

60

1 2,290 11,510 0.82 9.8 1,680 8,475 1.62 5.3 -0.08

2 2,150 10,880 0.51 8.3 1,540 7,800 0.39 4.3 -0.03

3 2,050 10,090 0.93 7.0 1,400 6,900 1.45 3.3 0.07

conversion

1 2,160 10,590 0.77 8.7 1,480 7,263 0.42 4.1 0.06

2 1,860 9,213 1.16 6.1 1,280 6,362 0.89 2.9 0.05

3 1,760 8,700 0.51 5.1 1,190 5,888 0.85 2.3 0.09

Standard specimen

Anhydrite 3,340 16,880 0.48 23.1 2,130 10,760 0.64 9.4 0.23

Gypsum 2,070 10,390 0.90 6.6 1,340 6,710 0.75 2.7 0.20

FL : resonant frequency in longitudinal mode, DL : damping ratio in longitudinal mode, Ed : dynamic Young’s modulus, 줚d : dynamic Poisson’s ratio.

FT : resonant frequency in torsional mode, DT : damping ratio in torsional mode, Gd : dynamic shear modulus, ڷͿ҃ČॠČەɰ. Ŕ͠ǣۋ͠ॢ֬ॹۺ١Ϊۆڙۍ

ڹইۦūݓϼঝॠóԺϼʼݓЇॠČەڷ϶ێъۺڷ ͿÀ՚ʪćٮ֨ॹठۆҝٰۻॢۿߤ, ߿üॠܼۦॠ

֨ۓͳ֪঒ۆҝő࠙ॢ١Ϊ, ֨ॹ֨֟ࢰۆۻşۺۍ

ۡڼ, ٍ՚ۺۍ߿üॠܼڷͿۍॢ֨ॹठۆйՃॢڏ

ʴˣۋ҄०ۺڷͿۚڌॠيÇկҼԓ܁قٖॳںй

࠘ə ìڷͿ ؎Ͳ܋ەɰ.

߿ۻНۆ˃ƍٮÁʪق˰δ֨ॹठۆʴۺНՁ࣢Ձ

߿ۻНۆ˃ƍٮÁʪق˰δԵČ֨ॹठۆتɳۙڮ

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Fig. 16. Relationship between dynamic Young’s modulus and joint thickness.

Fig. 17. Relationship between dynamic shear modulus and joint thickness.

ÁʪÀ0°ێ˺ÀۤࢀÉںǣࢍǻČ15°, 30°, 45°, 60°տڷͿۼνۆÁʪÀ࠶ݗս΀ʴ࢏ՁćսÉۋ۾

޲ۚ؉ݓəìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ. ॠݓχ߿ۻНݗۆ˃ƍ À2 cm ۋԜڷͿ˃ƃڗݓóʼϸÁʪق˰δʴ࢏Ձ ćսÉۆ޲ۋə̤͸ॢąॳں҃ۋݓ؍Čҝő࠙ۺ ڷͿ ǣࢍǣ϶, ۍėۼνۆ ÁʪÀ ࢁս΀ ߿ۻНݗۆ

˃ƍٮʴ࢏ՁćսÇՙڱԐۋۆԜěěćÀܶر˚ə

ؽɰ. ߿ۻНۆ˃ƍÀ3 cmێ˺Á֨ॹठԐۋۆʴۻ ɳćսÉۋ2.93.3 GPaۆѩڦقԴҝő࠙ۺۍÉڷ Ϳǣࢍǣ϶, ֨ॹठۆۍėۼνÁʪق˰δĀęÉۆ

ѩڦÀ Àۤ ۚڹ ìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ.

࠘ঞۼν֨ॹठęąԐÁںÍə֨ॹठۆʴ࢏Ձćս εҼİқԵ३҆ĀęۍėۼνۆÁʪÀ15°, 45°, 60°

ۍ֨ॹठقԴə࠘ঞۼν֨ॹठۆʴ࢏ՁćսÀąԐÁ ںÍəۼνεप॥ॢ֨ॹठ҃ɰʌۚڹÉںÍəì ڷͿǣࢍǮڷǣۼνۆÁʪÀ30°ۍ֨ॹठقԴə࠘ঞ ۼνۆʴ࢏ՁćսÀąԐÁںÍə֨ॹठ҃ɰࢀÉں

ÍəìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ. ̚ॢۼνۆÁʪÀݒÀॣս΀Á ʪεÍəۍėۼν֨ॹठę࠘ঞۼν֨ॹठۆʴ࢏Ձ ćսठ޲ÀʌڎࡾóǣࢍǮɰ(Fig. 18). ࠘ঞۼν֨ॹठ ęąԐÁںÍə֨ॹठۆʴۻɳćսۆĀęəFig. 19 قԴ҃əцٮÏۋÁʪεÍəۍėۼν֨ॹठۆʴۻ ɳćսÀʴێॢتۆ߿ۻНݗںÍə࠘ঞۼν֨ॹठ

҃ɰࢀÉںǣࢍǴؽڷ϶ۍėۼνۆÁʪÀࢁս΀˃

֨ॹठÂۆʴۻɳćսठ޲À࠶ݓəìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ.

ۍėۼν֨ॹठقԴʴप؉բҼəTable 5قԴ҃ə

цٮÏۋ֨ॹठۆۍėۼνÁʪÀ30°, 45°, 60°ۍێ ҙ֨ॹठقԴڼսÉڷͿǣࢍǦɰ. ۋəؒԵںۋڌ

ॢ ۍėۼν ֨ॹठقԴʪ ǣࢍǣə ĀęͿ, Min ˣ (2011)ڹ߿ǫٍşķݓًۆজÌؒ֨ॹठۆʴۺНՁ

࣢ՁںқԵॢٍĵεࣀ३ʴ࢏ՁćսÀʴप؉բҼۆ

˃ѕÀʼəݓ۾݌, ࢏Ձࣷ՚ʪÀ2,254 m/sÀʼə

ݓ۾قԴʴप؉բҼۆÉۋ0ۋʼəìڷͿ߸܁ॢц

ەɰ. ۋ͠ॢĀęə߸ՃԸ֩ںۋڌॢ܃ॢʽݓًۆ

জÌؒ֨ॹठقʂॢ֨ॹĀęۋݓχϔݗۆ࣢Ձق˰

͆ʴप؉բҼÀڼսÉںÍəąڍÀǣࢍǨսەɰ ə ìں ۆйॢɰ. ۍėۼνε प॥ॠə ֨ॹठقԴə

ʴ࢏ՁćսۆÉۋʴۻɳćսÉ҃ɰԜʂۺڷͿǰó

ࠑ܁ʼəąڍÀǣࢍǣəʚۋ͠ॢąڍşܕق܃؋ʽ

֩ںۺڌॠيʴप؉բҼεԓ܁ॣąڍڼսÉںÍə

ąڍÀǣࢍǮɰ. ˰͆Դ֨ॹठϔݗۋۼνεप॥ॠ äǣॄজˣقۆॢٖॳںыڹąڍۺڌॣսەʪ

΀ʴप؉բҼۆćԓ֩قʂॢ߸ÀۺۍٍĵÀज़څॣ

ìڷͿ ࣺɳʽɰ.

ࢹۆфČ޶

߯ŖϽțÂėݕܳ֨ॹںࣀॢؒԵфϿβࢍβ

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(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Fig. 18. Dynamic Young’s modulus of artificial specimen ; (a) conversion angle = 15°, (b) conversion angle = 30°, (c) conversion angle = 45°, (d) conversion angle = 60°.

֨ॹठۆʴۺ࣢ՁقʂॢٍĵəMok(1999), Cho ˣ (2007), Lee(2011), Min ˣ(2011)ق ۆ३ սॱʽц ە ɰ. ॠݓχşܕۆٍĵ˞ڹࡓࡾν࣡ĵܓНфؒܛѻ

ʴۺНՁ࣢Ձقěॢٍĵǣ, ʴۺНՁںԓ܁ॠəѓ Ѫقʂॢşߣٍĵεܼ֮ڷͿݕॱʼر, ۼνǣࣷթ ʂ, ۋѓՁˣҝٍ՚ϸںप॥ॠČەəݓݗܓæقʂ

ॢٍĵə؉ݔйড়ॢ֬܁ۋɰ. ˰͆ԴؘԴսॱʽԸ ॱٍĵۆĀęχڷͿʴۺНՁÉں߸܁ॠşقəرͲ ړۋەڷ϶, ҝٍ՚ϸۋǣॄজܓæˣق˰δ߸Àۺ ۍٍĵۆज़څՁۋȭ؉ݓČەɰ. ˰͆Դٍ҆ĵقԴ əԸॱٍĵ˞ۆ֨ॹѓѪфٍĵĀęεşߣͿॠي

֨ॹठۆʴۺНՁ࣢Ձقٖॳںйࠜսەəڅՙε

ČͲॠČ, ۋ͠ॢڅՙ˞ۋ֨ॹठۆʴۺНՁقй࠘ə

ٖॳںқԵॠČۙॠٕɰ. ࣢০ϔݗںۋΘəۓۙۆ

ࡾşѺজٮؒъǴقܕۦॠəҝٍ՚ϸۆ঍ࢗÀʴۺ НՁ࣢Ձقй࠘əٖॳںқԵॠČۙؒԵę֨ϯ࣡, ԵČεۋڌॠي֨ॹठں܃ۚॠČÁÁۆ֨ॹठقʂ

ॢتɳۙڮ ėݕܳ֨ॹں սॱॠٕɰ.

ؘԴսॱʽ֨ॹۆĀęεࢹʂͿ֨ॹठۆʴۺНՁ

࣢Ձقʂ३܁ν३҃ϸ֨ॹठۆϔݗۆĀ०ԜࢗÀ

ܞںս΀ȭڹ܁ۺфʴۺНՁÉںǣࢍǴČ, ۼνε

प॥ॢ֨ॹठۆąڍۼνۆÒս, ߿ۻНݗۆ˃ƍÀ

ʴۺНՁںÇՙ֨ࢅəًॣںॠ϶, Áʪق˰͆߿ü

ࣷۆäʴ࣢Ձۋٖॳںыəìںঝۍॣսەؽɰ. ۋ

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(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Fig. 19. Dynamic shear modulus of artificial specimen; (a) conversion angle = 15°, (b) conversion angle = 30°, (c) conversion angle = 45°, (d) conversion angle = 60°.

͠ॢĀęəϔݗۆĀ०Ԝࢗٮࣷʴۆ࣢ՁڷͿۍॢ

ъԐфĹۼইԜڷͿԺϼॣսەɰ. ٍ҆ĵقԴսॱ ʽۍėۼν֨ॹठۆتɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹقԴ, ۼν εप॥ॠČەə֨ॹठڹ߿ۻНݗͿۍ३ԴͿɰδ

ϔݗͿĵՁʼرەəìڷͿÂܳॣսەڷ϶, ۋͿۍ ३߿ۻНݗęϿؒۆąćϸقԴъԐфĹۼইԜں

ڮьॠóʽɰ. ۼνۆÒսÀݒÀॠäǣ߿ۻНۆ˃

ƍÀ˃ƃڗݓϸࣷʴۆÇկٮъԐ, ĹۼইԜۋটь ॠóǣࢍǣČ, ۋق˰δ߿üࣷۆÇկইԜڷͿۍ३

ėݕܳࣷսÀÇՙॠóʼ϶, ۋəďʴۺНՁÉۆÇ ՙͿǣࢍǣóʽɰ. ̚ॢۍėۼνۆÁʪق˰͆߿ü

ࣷۆĹۼфъԐۆ܁ʪÀÁÁɰβş˺Лق, ۼνۆ

Áʪق˰͆ʴێॢتۆ߿ۻНںÍə֨ॹठԐۋق ԴʪʴۺНՁÉۆ޲ۋÀǣࢍǣəìڷͿԺϼॣս

ەɰ.

Ā΁

ٍ҆ĵقԴəėݕܳࣷսεۋڌॠي֨ॹठϔݗ࣢

Ձق˰δʴۺНՁÉۆѺজتԜں؎؉҃ČۙϿβࢍ

β֨ॹठęؒԵфԵČεۋڌॢۍėۼν֨ॹठں

܃ۚॠيتɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹںսॱॠٕɰ. ۋεࣀ ३ ֨ॹठۆ ʴ࢏Ձćսٮ ʴۻɳćս, ŔνČ ÇկҼ

фप؉բҼˣںԓ܁ॠČ, ÁÁۆʴۺНՁ࣢ՁںҼ

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İқԵॠٕɰ. ̚ॢÁʪق˰͆ɵ͆ݓə߿ۻНݗۆ

تںćԓॠي0°ۆÁʪͿঞԓॢ࠘ঞۼν֨ॹठں

܃ۚॠٕڷ϶ÁʪεÍəۍėۼν֨ॹठęҼİқԵ ॠٕɰ. ÁÁۆ֨ॹठقʂॢتɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹĀ ęε ࣀ३ қԵʽ ʴۺНՁۆ ࣢Ձڹ ɰڼę Ïɰ.

1. Ͽβࢍβ֨ॹठقʂॢتɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹۆĀ ę, ֨ॹठۆʴ࢏ՁćսٮʴۻɳćսəϿ͒ۆۓ

ۙࡾşÀ࠶ݗս΀ݒÀॠٕɰ. ʴप؉բҼəʴ࢏Ձ ćսٮʴۻɳćսۆÉںࣀ३ćԓʼəÉڷͿϿ

͒ۓۙۆࡾşÀ࠶ݙق˰͆ݒÀॠəąॳۋǣࢍ

Ǯɰ. ̚ॢϿβࢍβ֨ॹठۆÇկҼəܛࣷϿ˚ٮ

ҼࣥρࣷϿ˚قԴϿ͒ۓۙۆࡾşÀۚںս΀ȭڹ

ÇկҼε Íə ìڷͿ ǣࢍǮɰ.

2.ۍėۼνεप॥ॠəؒԵ֨ॹठقʂॢ֨ॹĀęق ԴəۼνۆÒսÀݒÀॣս΀ʴ࢏Ձćսٮʴۻɳ ćսÉڹ۾޲Çՙॠٕɰ. ̚ॢۼνۆÁʪÀ90°

ۍ֨ॹठقԴۼνۆÒսق˰δʴ࢏ՁćսۆÇՙ À, ۼνۆÁʪÀ0°, 30°, 60°ۍ֨ॹठقҼ३ۚڹ

ìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ. ܛࣷϿ˚ٮҼࣥρࣷϿ˚ۆÇկ ҼəێҙĵÂقԴəÇկҼۆ޲ۋÀঝ֬ॠóǣࢍ

ǣݓχÇկҼۆ޲ۋÀäۆػəąڍʪǣࢍǣş

˺ЛقÁʪق˰δҼİқԵڹرͲڍǣۼνۆÒս ÀݒÀॣս΀ۻߕۺڷͿÇկҼÉۋݒÀॠəąॳ ڹঝۍॣ ս ەؽɰ.

3. ąԐÁںÍəۼνεप॥ॢԵČ֨ॹठۆʴۺНՁ ںࠑ܁ॢĀęʴ࢏Ձćսٮʴۻɳćսə߿ۻНۆ

˃ƍÀ˃ƃڗݗս΀ÇՙॠəąॳۋǣࢍǮɰ. ̚

ॢۍėۼνۆÁʪÀࢁս΀߿ۻНݗۆ˃ƍٮʴ

࢏ՁćսÇՙڱԐۋۆԜěěćÀܶر˚əąॳں

ǣࢍǻɰ. ʴۻɳćսۆąڍۼνۆÁʪقۆॢٖ

ॳڹ̤͸ॠóǣࢍǣݓ؍ؕڷ϶, ߿ۻНۆ˃ƍÀ

˃ƃڗ ݗս΀۾޲ Çՙॠə ąॳںǣࢍǴؽɰ.

4. ࠘ঞۼν֨ॹठęąԐÁںÍəۼνεप॥ॢ֨

ॹठۆʴ࢏ՁćսεҼİқԵ३҃ϸ15°, 45°, 60°

ۍ֨ॹठقԴÁʪεप॥ॠČەə֨ॹठۆʴ࢏

ՁćսÀ ࠘ঞۼν ֨ॹठ҃ɰ ࢀ ìڷͿ ǣࢍǮڷ

϶, ۼνۆÁʪÀݒÀॣս΀˃֨ॹठÂۆʴ࢏Ձ ćսۆठ޲ÀࢀìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ. ʴۻɳćսۆą ڍÁʪεÍəۍėۼνεप॥ॢ֨ॹठۆʴۻɳ ćսÉۋ࠘ঞۼν֨ॹठ҃ɰࢀÉںǣࢍǴؽڷ

϶ʴ࢏ՁćսۆĀęٮυ޴ÀݓͿÁʪÀݒÀॣս

΀˃֨ॹठÂۆÉۆठ޲ÀࢀìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ.

ٍ҆ĵقԴսॱʽؒԵ ф ۍė֨ॹठۆϔݗԜࢗ

фۼνқपتԜق˰δتɳۙڮėݕܳ֨ॹۆĀę ə߿ۻНݗۆɰتՁфݓॠսܓæˣ֬܃ؒъę

ʴێॢۼνܓæقʂॢ֨ॹڹ؉ɦ϶ɳտজʽۼν εʂԜڷͿێҙܓæχČͲॢ֨ॹĀęۋɰ. ˰͆Դ

ٍ҆ĵۆĀęεşܵڷͿॠي֬܃ؒъۼνۆʴۺ НՁ࣢Ձںϼঝॠó܁ۆॣսəػڷǣॳ঳ɰتॢ

঍ࢗۆۼνεप॥ॠəؒԵ֨ॹठقʂॢ߸À֨ॹں

ࣀ३ۼν࣢Ձق˰δʴۺНՁÉۆԜěěćεۋ३ॠ əʚەرşߣۙΒͿটڌʾսەںìڷͿşʂʽɰ.

޷ČЛॶ

ASTM C 215-02, 2003, Standard Test Method for Fundamental Transverse, Longitudinal, and Torsional Resonant Frequencies of concrete Specimens.

Cho, J.W., Lim, B.S., Cho, H.B., Jeon, S.W. and Ha, H.S., 2007, “Investigation on Impact-Echo Testing Method for Rock Specimens,” Tunnel & Underground Space, Vol.

12, No. 2, pp. 83-89.

Ha, T.W. and Yang, H.S., 2006, “A Numerical Analysis of Dynamic Behavior of Rock Mass with Intense Dis- continuities,” Tunnel & Underground Space, Vol. 16, No.

5, pp. 394-404.

ISRM, 1978, “Suggested Methods for Quantitative Description of Discontinuities in Rock Mass,” International Society for Rock Mechanics Commission on Standardization of Laboratory and Field Test, Vol. 15, pp. 320-368.

Jun, D.H. and Kang, H.G., 2008, “Seismic Responese of R/C Structures Subjected to Artificial Ground Motions Compatible with Design Spectrum,” Journal of the earthquake engineering society of Korea, Vol. 12, No.

1, pp. 1-9.

Jung, B.S., Lee, J.H. and Kweon, G.C., 2010, “Application of Impact Resonance Test to the Determination of Elastic Modulus and Damping Ratio of Concrete,” Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 625-632.

Kim C.Y., Kim, K.Y., Baek, S.H., Moon, H.K. and Lee, S.D., 2006, “Numerical Analysis on the Effect of Fractured Zone on the Displacement Behavior of Tunnel,”

Tunnel & Underground Space, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp.

218-231.

Kim, Y.J., Lee, Y.H. and Do, S.K., 2004, “Basic Study on Shear Characteristics of Filled Rock Joint,” Tunnel &

Underground Space, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 318-326.

KS F 2827:2011, Standard Test Method for Production Control of Concrete Method of Rapid for Compressive Strength of Concrete(Warm Water Curing Method), Korean Industrial Standards.

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