Causal Analysis of Subsidence and Prediction of Damage Zone in an Abandoned Underground Limestone Mine

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(1)한국지구시스템공학회지. Vol. 43, No. 1 (2006) pp. 1-12 ٍĵȦЛ. % ԵধԵ दġԓ‫ݓ ۆ‬शࠞॠ ‫ۍڙ‬қԵ ф ٚԜ‫ॹڦ‬ĵً ٚࠑ . . Ը‫ ߺڍ‬բ‫ڙ‬ą. . Ϊʴ‫ڍ‬. . 6. 3BP ,BSBOBN. Causal Analysis of Subsidence and Prediction of Damage Zone in an Abandoned Underground Limestone Mine SUNWOO Choon , SONG Won-Kyung, RYU Dong-Woo and U.M. Rao Karanam Abstract : Surface damage due to subsidence is an inevitable consequence of underground mining, which may be immediate or delayed for many years. The stoping methods, such as sub-level caving and room-and-pillar mining provoke large scale damage at the surface. The surface damage due to an abandoned underground limestone mine is observed to be of different forms from simple sinkhole formation to a large scale sliding of the ground in the subsided area. For the prevention of damage, it is very important to predict an extent of ground movement. Therefore, in this study, the cause, extent and forms of subsidence have been analyzed and the mechanism of subsidence in the study area has also estimated based on the given information. In order to predict an extent of ground movement, a simple geometric model is assumed and the extent has been evaluated by the model. A hazard map of subsidence has been constructed by Monte Carlo simulation with considering uncertainties of the information. Key words : Subsidence, Limestone mine, Sublevel caving, Room-and-pillar, Sinkhole, Sliding ‫ أ څ‬: ‫ݓ‬शࠞॠ‫ݓ ॢۆ ق‬शϸ‫ ۆ‬ңĨə ‫ݓ‬ॠ޽ġ ঳ цͿ ьԦॠäǣ ̚ə Ԝɾॢ ֨Â‫ ۋ‬৔δ ɰ‫ قڼ‬ьԦॠə क़ॣ ս ‫ػ‬ə Āę‫ۋ‬ɰ. ܳѓ֩ ޽ġ‫ۋ‬ǣ ܼɳң͇֩ę Ï‫޽ ڹ‬ġѪ˞‫ݓ ڹ‬शϸ‫ ࢀ ق‬՜Ԝ‫ۓ ں‬৩ ս ‫ە‬ɰ. ԵধԵ ‫ݓ‬ॠ޽Ĺ‫ ۆ‬दġԓ‫ݓ ॢۆ ق‬शңĨə Âɳॢ ֱࡾক ঍ࢗ‫ق‬Դҙࢢ ‫ݓ‬शࠞॠ‫ًݓ‬Ǵ‫ ۆ‬ԓԐࢗ঍ࢗū‫ ͠ي ݓ‬঍ࢗ‫ۆ‬ ‫ݓ‬शϸ ңĨÀ ě޶ʼČ ‫ە‬ɰ. ࠞॠͿ ‫ ݔ ॢۍ‬Â‫ ۺۿ‬क़३ε ٚѓॠş ‫ڦ‬३ ‫ݓ‬शࠗ‫ ۆ‬äʴ ѩ‫ڦ‬ε ԓ‫܁‬ॠə ì‫ڹ‬ ϔ‫ ॢڅܼ ڍ‬Л‫ۋ܃‬ɰ. ˰͆Դ ҆ ٍĵ‫ق‬Դə ‫ݓ‬शࠞॠ‫ۍڙ ۆ‬, ࡾş ф ঍ࢗε қԵॠČ ‫ۋ‬ε şߣͿ ࠞॠ ьԦ şĵε ߸‫܁‬ॠٕɰ. ̚ॢ, ࠞॠ ঝʂε ߸‫܁‬ॠş ‫ڦ‬३ Âɳॢ şॠॡ‫ ۺ‬Ժ‫ ق܁‬şߣॢ Ͽʝ‫ ں‬ĵՁॠČ, ‫ॢ܃‬ʽ ‫҃܁‬ ˞‫ ۆ‬ÒٍՁ‫ ں‬ČͲॠş ‫ڦ‬३ Monte Carlo ֨бͪ‫ۋ‬Վ‫ڌۺ ں‬ॠ‫ٍ ي‬ĵ ʂԜ ‫ࠞ ۆًݓ‬ॠ ঝʂ‫ ۆ‬ٚԜѩ‫ڦ‬ε Ժ‫܁‬ॠ ‫ॹڦ ي‬ʪ ‫ݓ‬ʪε ۚՁॠٕɰ. ܳ‫ رڅ‬: 지표침하, 석회석광산, 중단붕락식, 주방식, 싱크홀, 슬라이딩. Դ. ΁. ҆ ٍĵ‫ ۆ‬Ѐ‫ ڹۺ‬ই‫ ۦ‬Òь‫ݓܼ ۋ‬ʼ‫ݓە ر‬χ, ٚ‫ۻ‬ ‫ݓ ق‬ॠ޽ġ‫ ॢ֨֬ ں‬ԵধԵġ‫غ‬ՙ‫ق‬Դ ьԦʽ ‫ݓ‬ъࠞ ॠ‫ ٮ‬ěʹॠ‫ ي‬ইۤ‫ܓ‬Ԑ, ʪϸ ф Лॶ ‫ܓ‬Ԑε ࣀॠ‫ي‬ ‫ݓ‬ъࠞॠ ‫ ںۍڙ‬őϼॠČ ॳ঳ ‫ݓ‬ъࠞॠ ঝʂ ÀɠՁ ‫ݕ ں‬ɳॠ‫ ي‬ʂ޾սς‫ ॢڦ ں‬şߣۙΒε ‫܃‬ėॠş ‫ڦ‬ 2005ț 9‫ ښ‬20‫ۿ ێ‬ս, 2005ț 11‫ ښ‬3‫࢘޽ ێ‬ 1) ॢĶ‫ٍڙۙݗݓ‬ĵ‫ڙ‬, ‫ݓ‬ъ؋‫ٍۻ‬ĵҙ 2) Indian Institute of Technology *Corresponding Author(Ը‫)ߺڍ‬ E-mail; [email protected] Address; Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 305-350, Korea. 1. ॢ ì‫ۋ‬ɰ. ‫ۋ‬ε ‫ڦ‬ॠ‫ݓ ي‬ъࠞॠইড ইۤ‫ܓ‬Ԑ, ࠞॠą ć GPS ࠑ͟, ޽Ĺইড ࣷ؊, ÚǴʪ, ‫ݗݓ‬ʪ, ‫ݓ‬঍ʪ қԵ, ࠞॠ‫ ۍڙ‬қԵ, ߸À ‫ݓ‬ъࠞॠ ٚԜĵً ԓ‫ ܁‬ˣ ‫ ق‬ěॢ ‫ܓ‬ԐÀ ‫ۋ‬Θ‫ܐر‬ɰ. ‫ݓ‬शࠞॠə ‫ێ‬ъ‫ࠞ ۍۺݕ۾ Ϳڷۺ‬ॠε ϊॠ‫ݓ‬χ ‫ݓ‬ शϸ‫ ۆ‬Èۚ֟͢ ̚ə ‫ۦ‬Ǧ‫ ۍۺ‬ңĨʪ प॥ʾ ս ‫ە‬ɰ. ‫ݓ‬ॠ޽Ĺ‫ ۆ‬ԵধԵ ġԓ‫قًݓ‬Դ ‫ݓ‬ъࠞॠ‫ ۆ‬঍ࢗə ֱ ࡾক‫ ॢۆ ق‬ì‫ێ ۋ‬ъ‫ۋۺ‬ɰ. ֱࡾক‫ݓ ڹ‬शϸ‫޲ ۆ‬ѻ ࠞॠ‫ ۆ‬Āę‫϶ۋ‬, ‫ۋ‬ì‫ ͠ي ڹ‬ϭࠢɦ‫ۆ قݏ‬३ ьԦʽ ɰ(Sowers, 1976). ֱࡾক‫ ۆ‬঍ࢗə ‫ݓ‬शϸ‫ق‬Դ қ‫ݓ‬঍, ůʂş঍, ŔνČ ս‫ݔ‬şˊ঍‫϶ڷە ۋ‬, ֱࡾক‫ ۆ‬şॠॡ ‫ ۺ‬঍ࢗə ėʴߎъ‫ق‬Դ‫ͳڿ ۆ‬Ԝࢗ, ޽Ĺėʴ‫ ۆ‬ȭ‫ۋ‬, Ԝ‫ۦ‬ॠܼ‫ࡾ ۆ‬ş ф Ձ‫ ݗ‬ˣ‫ڍܟ ق‬ʽɰ. ֱࡾক ঍ࢗ‫ۆ‬.

(2) 2. Ը‫ ߺڍ‬բ‫ڙ‬ą Ϊʴ‫ ڍ‬U.M. Rao Karanam. ‫ݓ‬शࠞॠə ࣷĨًٖ‫ ۋ‬йČĀ‫ݓ ۆ‬शϸ‫ ں‬İ͈ॣ ˺ū ‫ ݓ‬ėʴ‫ قڦ‬Ȯ‫ ںࠗݓ ۍ‬ěࣀॠ‫ۋۻ ي‬ʼə ġԓߎъ‫ۆ‬ ࣷĨε ˰͆Դ ‫رێ‬Ǧɰ.. ‫ݓ‬. ‫ݗ‬. ‫ܓ‬Ԑ‫ ڹًݓ‬ǴΫ‫࠘ڦ ق‬ॠ‫ ي‬ԵধԵ‫ ں‬Ԧԓॠə ġԓ ˞‫ ۋ‬н‫ݚ‬ʽ ‫܁ॱ Ϳڷًݓ‬ĵًԜ‫Ϳڷ‬ə Ì‫ڙ‬ʪ ߿Қ ‫܃‬ ߎ֨‫࠘ڦ ق‬ॠČ ‫ە‬ɰ. ‫ܓ‬ԐʂԜ‫ ڹًݓ‬ই‫ ۦ‬Dġԓ‫ق‬ ‫ۍ‬սʼ‫قًݓۿۍ ر‬Դ ‫ݓ‬ॠ޽ġ‫ۋ ۋ‬Θ‫ݓر‬Č ‫϶ڷە‬, ‫ݓ‬शࠞॠ‫ ڹًݓ‬Dġԓ‫ۍ ۋ‬սॠş ‫ ۆۻ‬ġԓ‫ۆ ق‬३ ޽. ġۚ‫ٰ ۋغ‬Βʽ ‫ۋًݓ‬ɰ. ‫ ۋ‬ġԓ‫ ڹ‬Èԓࠗ ܼҙԵধؒ‫ ں‬ʂԜ‫ Ϳڷ‬Òьॠٕ‫ڷ‬ ϶ ġߕ‫ ۆ‬঍ࢗə ॳԐĵ‫ܓ‬঍ę ҄ॳԐ ĵ‫ܓ‬঍‫ࡾ Ϳڷ‬ó ĵқʽɰ. ġߕ‫ ۆ‬ʂߕ‫ ڹॳܳ ۍۺ‬N25-30W, ąԐə 65SW-65NE Ǵ‫ ݓ‬ս‫ۋݔ‬ɰ. Èԓࠗ ܼҙ Եধؒʂə 3 Ò‫ॳ ۆ‬Ԑ‫(ًݓ‬À޻ԓॳԐ, ˃ॡʴॳԐ, şʴν ॳԐ)‫ۋ‬ қपॠČ ‫ە‬ɰ(Fig. 1, 2). ‫ܓ‬Ԑ‫˃ ڹًݓ‬ॡʴ ॳԐʂε ʂԜ‫޽ Ϳڷ‬ġʼ‫϶ڷؽ‬, ই‫ۦ‬ə Òьʼ‫؍ ݓ‬Č ‫ە‬ə Ė ‫ Ϳڷ‬ġߕफ‫ ڹ‬30 m ‫܁‬ʪ‫ݓۋ‬χ ֥č‫ۆ ق‬३ 80‫ ي‬mū ‫ ݓ‬ȉ‫ݓر‬ə ҙқʪ ‫ە‬ɰ. ‫ݓ‬ъࠞॠ‫ قًݓ‬қपॠə ġ ߕ‫ت ۆ‬Ԝ‫ ڹ‬Fig. 2‫ ٮ‬Ï‫ॳ҄ ۋ‬Ԑĵ‫ܓ‬ε ‫ۋ‬ΘČ ‫϶ڷە‬. Fig. 1. Geological map (circle:surveyed zone; KORES, 2002).. Fig. 2. Cross sectional view of the studied zone(KORES, 2002).. ॢĶ‫ݓ‬ĵ֨֟ࢰėॡধ‫ݓ‬.

(3) D ԵধԵ दġԓ‫ݓ ۆ‬शࠞॠ ‫ۍڙ‬қԵ ф ٚԜ‫ॹڦ‬ĵً ٚࠑ. ٍۤ‫ ڹ‬2.5 km ‫ۋ‬Ԝ‫ۋ‬ɰ. ই‫ݓ ۦ‬शࠞॠÀ ьԦॢ ‫ًݓ‬ ‫ ڹ‬6Úę 7Ú Ԝॠɳ‫ ۆ‬Ԝҙ‫ Ϳڷًݓ‬1997ț ޽ġ‫ٰ ۋ‬ Βʼ‫ ϶ڷؽ‬ই‫ ۦ‬Òь‫ܼ ۋ‬ɳʽ ԜࢗͿ Ú‫ ۋ‬दթʼ‫ر‬ ‫ رە‬ÚǴͿ‫ۿ ۆ‬Ŗ‫ ۋ‬ҝÀɠॢ Ԝࢗ‫ۋ‬ɰ(Fig. 3).. 3. ॣ ą‫أٍ ڍ‬ϸ‫ۻ ͆˰ ں‬ɳ‫ ۋ‬ьԦॠ‫ࣷ ي‬Ĩʽɰ. ̚ॢ ‫ۼ‬νÀ ьɵॠə ؒъ‫ق‬Դ ‫ݓ‬ॠս‫ ۆ‬Ȥ߻‫ݓ ڹ‬ॠėʴ‫ۆ‬ ؋‫܁‬Ձę Ìʪ‫֮ ق‬Áॢ Л‫܃‬ε ьԦ֨ࢅ϶, Œَ‫ۋ‬ǣ ėŕ‫ڍ ͆˰ ں‬սÀ ġԓ‫ ۆ‬ėʴ‫ۓڮ Ϳڷ‬ʼϸ ٍ‫ॢأ‬ ߎъ‫ ۆ‬ң͇ε ‫ࢅڷێ‬ə ֨ь‫ ۋ۾‬ʾ ս ‫ە‬ɰ.. ‫ݓ‬ъࠞॠইড ‫ݓ‬शࠞॠ‫ ۆ‬ѩ‫ࡾ ٮڦ‬şə ġԓ‫څٖڏ ۆ‬ՙǣ ‫ۺݗݓ‬ ‫څ‬ՙ‫ ںॳٖ ق‬ыəɰ. ‫ݓ‬शࠞॠ‫ ق‬ψ‫ܳ ںॳٖ ڹ‬ə ܳ ‫څ ॢڅ‬ՙ˞‫ ڹ‬Ԝҙ‫ݓ‬ъ‫˃ ۆ‬ƍ, ġԓ‫࣢ ۆ‬Ձ, ܳѺ ‫ݓ‬ ࠗ, ‫֩ڌ‬ʴĹ ŔνČ ҝٍ՚ϸ ˣ‫ە ۋ‬ɰ. Ϥ۹ ‫֮ ڹث‬ ʪə ֱࡾক‫ ۆ‬঍Ձ‫ڌۚ ق‬ॠə ܼ‫څ ॢڅ‬ՙܼ‫ ۆ‬ॠǣ‫ۋ‬ ɰ. Piggott and Eynon(1977)‫֮ ڹث' ڹ‬ʪə ֱࡾক‫ۋ‬ ҃‫ۋ‬ə Ė‫ق‬Դҙࢢ ‫ݓ‬श‫ ۆ‬ңĨ‫ ںًݓ‬प॥ॠ‫ݓ ͒҆ ي‬ ॠėʴ‫߯ ۆ‬ʂ 10ѕū‫͆ݓ‬Č ' ‫ۆ܁‬ॠČ ‫ە‬ɰ. ‫ۆ܁ ۋ‬ə दġԓ Ԝҙ‫ ۆ‬ңĨȭ‫޽ ٮۋ‬ġۤ Ԝҙ ң͇‫ ۆًݓ‬ȭ‫ۋ‬ ‫ ق‬Ŗäॢ ì‫ۋ‬ɰ. Matheson and Eckert-Clift(1986)ə ėʴ‫ ۆ‬ȭ‫(ۋ‬h)‫ ق‬ʂॢ Ԝҙ‫ݓ‬ъ‫˃ ۆ‬ƍ(m) Ҽ(h/m)‫ق‬ ʂॢ Ԝěěćε ‫ܓ‬Ԑॠ‫ ي‬h/m‫ ۆ‬ҼÀ 5҃ɰ ۚ‫ ڹ‬Ė‫ق‬ Դə ֱࡾক‫رێ ۋ‬Ǩ ÀɠՁ‫ ۋ‬ϔ‫ ڍ‬ȭČ, h/m‫ ۆ‬ҼÀ 5‫ق‬Դ 11Ԑ‫ ˺ ێ ۋ‬śü০ ÇՙॢɰČ ॰ɰ. ‫ݓ‬ॠėʴ ‫ ۋ‬ԦՁʼϸ ėʴ ‫ݔ‬Ԝҙ‫قࠗ ۆ‬Դ ‫ͳڿ‬३ѓ‫رێ ۋ‬Ǧ ɰ. ėʴܳѺ‫ߎ ۋͳڿ ۆ‬ъ‫ؒ ۆ‬ъÌʪε ߣęॠ‫؍ ݓ‬ ə ॢ ėʴ‫ ڹ‬؋‫܁‬ԜࢗͿ ǫ؉ ‫ݓە‬χ, ֨Â‫ ۆ‬ąę‫˰ ق‬ ͆ ߎъ‫ ۆ‬؋‫܁‬Ձ‫ ڹ‬ʂőϿ‫ݓ ۆ‬ॠս ‫ۓڮ‬ę ֨Â‫ܕۆ‬Ձ Ѻ঍ ˣ‫ۆ ق‬३ ‫ ͳڿ‬ф ÌʪÀ Ѻজʼ‫ݓ ر‬ъ‫ ۆ‬ңĨÀ ьԦॠó ʽɰ. ‫ۼ‬νǣ ɳࠗ ˣ‫ ۆ‬ҝٍ՚ϸ˞‫ ۆ‬Âü‫ۋ‬ ‫ܓ‬нॠϸ ֱࡾক‫ ں‬঍Ձॠə ʚ ψ‫ܳ ںॳٖ ڹ‬ó ʽɰ. ࣢০ ߎъ‫ۼ ۋ‬νǣ Œَ ˣ‫ۆ ق‬३ ঍Ձʽ Ҹ͡˞Ϳ ĵ Ձʼ‫ ںە ر‬ą‫ڍ‬, ս‫ۼ ۋͳڿݔ‬ν‫ۻ ۆ‬ɳ۹२‫ߣ ں‬ę. Fig. 3. The portals of an abandoned mine in anticline.. ÚʪܳѺইড ф ࠞॠőϿ Á‫ ܛ‬ʪϸę Лॶ˞‫ܓ ں‬Ԑॢ Āę Á Úʪ˞‫ٍۤ ۆ‬ ‫ ڹ‬ʂ͜ 400~700  ‫϶ۋ‬, Úʪࡾşə फ 18~22  , ȭ ‫ ۋ‬8~10  ‫܁‬ʪ‫ ۍ‬ì‫ࣷ Ϳڷ‬؊ʽɰ. Úʪ Ԝҙ‫ݓ ۆ‬঍ ‫ ڹ‬Ҽİ‫ ۺ‬ǰ‫ ڹ‬ĵѕͿ ‫ۋ‬Θ‫س ݕر‬ʍ‫ݓ‬঍‫ ں‬À‫ݓ‬Č ‫ە‬ ‫϶ڷ‬, ՙǣИ ф ۡЀ˞‫ۙ ۋ‬ԦॠČ ‫ە‬ɰ. Ú˞‫࠘ڦ ۋ‬ॠ ə Ė‫ݗݓ ڹ‬ĵ‫ॳ҄ Ϳڷۺܓ‬Ԑ ĵ‫ܓ‬ε À‫ݓ‬ə Ė‫ڦ ق‬ ࠘ॠ϶, Úĵҙ‫࠘ڦ ق‬ॠə Ȥ˃ε ࣀ३Դ ֥čۚ‫قڌ‬ ‫ ॢۆ‬ѕԐĵ‫ܓ‬ε ě޶ॣ ս ‫ە‬ɰ(Fig. 2 ф Fig. 3). ѕԐĵ‫ܓ‬ə Օ‫ێ‬ę Եধؒ‫ ۆ‬ąćε ঍ՁॠČ ‫϶ڷە‬ ֥čĵ‫ॳܳ ۆܓ‬ѓॳ‫ Ϳڷ‬ġߕε ˰͆ ÚʪÀ Ĺ‫ݕ‬ॠČ ‫ە‬ɰ. ‫֥ ॢ͠ۋ‬čĵ‫ܓ‬ʪ ψ‫ ڹ‬Œَ‫ڮ ں‬ʪॠ‫ۆࠗݓ ي‬ Ìʪε ‫أ‬জ֨ࡎČ ‫ݓ‬ъࠞॠ‫ ۋۍڙ ॢ ۆ‬ʽ ì‫ࣺ Ϳڷ‬ ɳʽɰ. ‫ݓ‬ъࠞॠÀ ֨ۚʼə 6Ú ÚĵŖߌ‫ق‬Դ Եধؒ ‫ݓ‬ʂ‫ق‬Դ ėࣀ‫ Ϳڷۺ‬঍Ձʼə ٍۙėʴ˞‫ ں‬ьþॣ ս ‫ە‬ɰ. ‫ ॢ͠ۋ‬ėʴ˞ʪ ‫ݓ‬ॠ ޽Ĺ‫ ۋۺ‬ң͇ॣ ˺ ‫ݓ‬ъࠞ ॠε À՚জ֨ࢅə ًॣ‫ ں‬॰‫ ں‬ì‫ࣺ Ϳڷ‬ɳʽɰ. ‫ݓ‬ъ ࠞॠə 6Úę 7Ú‫ߑܼ ۋ‬ʼə Úʪ‫߹ ۆ‬ѓॳ‫ ͆˰ ں‬ġ ѩ‫ڦ‬ॠó ьԦॠٕɰ. ࠞॠ ًٖ‫ ॢ͟ࠑ ͆˰ ں‬Āę ࠞ ॠőϿə ߯ʂٍۤ‫ أ ۋ‬240 m‫ۋ‬Č, ߯ʂ फ‫ أ ۋ‬160 2 m ŔνČ ࠞॠϸ‫ ڹۺ‬ʂ͜ 26,600 m ‫ۋ ق‬δɰ. ܳ ࠞॠĵً ࠞॠĵً‫ͪˆ ۆ‬À ‫ أ‬650  ‫܁‬ʪͿ ȉ‫ قًٖ ڹ‬è ߝ ࠞॠইԜ ф ‫ݓ‬ъ‫ ۆ‬йǏ͠‫ ݙ‬ইԜ‫ ۋ‬ьԦॠٕČ, ࠞ ॠ͟‫ ڹ‬ս ֯  ‫ق‬Դ ս  ‫ۋ ق‬βşū‫ ݓ‬ɰ‫ت‬ॠó ǣ ࢍǣČ ‫ە‬ɰ. Úʪ Ĺ‫ݕ‬ѓॳę ‫ݔ‬İॠə ѓॳ‫ ں‬şܵ‫ڷ‬ Ϳ ࠞॠًٖ‫ ۆ‬फ‫ ڹ‬140~160  ‫ۋ ق‬βə ì‫ࣷ Ϳڷ‬؊ ʽɰ. ߯ߣ‫ݓ ۆ‬शࠞॠə 6Úę Ԝ7Ú‫ق‬Դ ޽ġ‫ۍ Ϳڷ‬ ३ ঍Ձʽ ‫ݓ‬ॠėʴ‫ ۆ‬Ԝҙߎъ‫ ۆ‬ң͇‫ ॢۆ ق‬ì‫Ϳڷ‬ ԐΒʼ϶, Ŕ ঳‫ݓ ق‬঍‫ Ϳڷॳٖ ۍۺ‬ԓԐࢗ ঍ࢗ‫ ۆ‬й Ǐ͠‫ ݙ‬ইԜ(sliding)‫ ۋ‬ьԦॢ ì‫ࣺ Ϳڷ‬ɳʽɰ(Fig. 4). ‫ݓ‬शࠞॠ‫ ٮ‬॥ƍ 2޲‫ ۍۺ‬йǏ͠‫ ݙ‬ইԜ‫҄ ۋ‬०‫Ϳڷۺ‬ ьԦॠٕş ˺Л‫ ق‬տս ࠞॠ‫ ٮ‬ěʹʽ ѩ‫ڦ‬ε ϼঝॠó ő‫܁‬ॠşə ‫ر‬ͷ‫ݓ‬χ, տսॢ ࠞॠÀ ě޶ʼə ‫ۋًݓ‬ Ҽİ‫ ۺ‬ȉó ঍Ձʼ‫ە ر‬ɰə ì‫ ڹ‬ঝ‫ ॣۍ‬ս ‫ە‬ɰ. ÚĵͿҙࢢ ‫ݔ‬ԸäνͿ 240~260  ‫قًݓ‬Դ ࠞॠŪ ‫ۋ‬À ս йࢢū‫ۋ ݓ‬βə ֱࡾক঍ ࠞॠε ě޶ॣ ս ‫ە‬ əʚ, Ŕ फ‫ ڹ‬60~80  ‫܁‬ʪ‫ࠞ ϶ۋ‬ॠɳϸ‫ ڹ‬Wۙ ঍ࢗ ‫܃‬43ń ‫܃‬1঒.

(4) 4. Ը‫ ߺڍ‬բ‫ڙ‬ą Ϊʴ‫ ڍ‬U.M. Rao Karanam. Extent of slip Direction of translational sliding of the broken material. Fig. 4. Failure extent on the surface above the old workings.. ε ࠄॠČ ‫ە‬ɰ(Fig. 5.a). ֱࡾক঍ ࠞॠə ġߕ‫ॳܳ ۆ‬ ѓॳ‫ ͠ي ͆˰ ں‬ķʚԴ ě޶ʼČ ‫ە‬əʚ, ‫ۋ‬ə ॠҙ‫ۆ‬. ܳѓ֩ ޽ġę ܼɳң͇֩ ޽ġ‫ۆ ق‬३ ঍Ձʽ ޽Ĺ‫˞ۺ‬ ‫ ۆ‬ң͇‫ ق‬ş‫ۍ‬ॠə ì‫܁߸ Ϳڷ‬ʽɰ(Fig. 5.b). ֱࡾক‫ ق‬Ȥ߻ʼ‫ە ر‬ə ؒԵ˞‫ ۋ‬ʂҙқ ॄজʼ‫ە ر‬ ‫ݓ‬χ, ‫ ͠ي‬Ė‫ق‬Դ йǏ͠‫ݙ‬ϸ‫֪ ͆˰ ں‬Ըॢ ؒъ‫ ۋ‬Ŕ ʂͿ Ȥ߻ʼ‫ە ر‬ə ì‫ ҇ ں‬ս ‫ە‬əʚ ‫ۋ‬ə Úʪ ф ޽ Ĺ‫ ۆۺ‬ң͇‫ۍ Ϳڷ‬३ ьԦॢ ì‫܁߸ Ϳڷ‬ʽɰ(Fig. 6.a). Fig. 6.b‫ ٮ‬Ï‫ࡾֱ ۋ‬কǴ‫ ق‬ǣࢍǣə ࣷթؒъęə ɵ ν Áͳ঍ࢗ‫ؒ ۆ‬ъ˞‫ۻ ۋ‬ʪʼ‫ە ر‬ə ì‫ ں‬ьþॣ ս ‫ە‬ɰ. ‫ۋ‬ì‫ࠞ ڹ‬ॠÀ ьԦॢ ‫ۋ‬঳ ߸À‫ࠞ Ϳڷۺ‬ॠ‫ًݓ‬ ܳѺԐϸ‫ق‬Դ ؒъ‫ۻ ۋ‬ʪʼ‫ ںڼؽ‬ϊ३ܵɰ. ‫ۋ‬ə ॠҙ ‫ؒݓݓ‬ъ‫࢐ۋ ۆ‬ę ॥ƍ Ì‫ ڍ‬ˣ‫ ॢۆ ق‬Ԑϸ‫ۺݕ۾ ۆ‬ ࣷĨ‫ ق‬ş‫ ॢۍ‬ì‫ۋ‬ɰ. ֬‫ࠞ ܳ Ϳ܃‬ॠ‫ٽ ۆًݓ‬Ě ս ֯ m ̆‫ ݕر‬Ė‫ق‬Դ ɰս‫ۤۍ ۆ‬Œَ‫ ۋ‬ьԦॠČ ‫ە‬ə ì ‫ ں‬ě޶ॣ ս ‫ؽە‬ɰ(Fig. 7). ˰͆Դ ࠞॠ‫ ڹًݓ‬ԓ‫܁‬Ԝ ҙ‫ Ϳڷޅ‬ঝʂʾ ÀɠՁ‫϶ڷە ۋ‬, ć՚‫ݓ Ϳڷۺ‬श‫ق‬Դ ‫ۤۍ ۆ‬Œَ‫ ۆ‬ь‫ت ۻ‬Ԝ ф şࢍ ‫ݓ‬ъ‫ۋ‬ʴ ‫ݜ‬঳ε ěࠑ. Sinkhole. (a) Large scale subsidence (b) Sinkhole formation Fig. 5. Subsidence above the abandoned underground limestone mine site.. (a) Fresh rock along steep sides (b) Freshly broken rock with angular edges along steep sides Fig. 6. Fresh rock along steep sides due to subsidence.. ॢĶ‫ݓ‬ĵ֨֟ࢰėॡধ‫ݓ‬.

(5) 5. D ԵধԵ दġԓ‫ݓ ۆ‬शࠞॠ ‫ۍڙ‬қԵ ф ٚԜ‫ॹڦ‬ĵً ٚࠑ. ‫ݓ‬ъࠞॠ‫ۍڙ ۆ‬. Fig. 7. Tensile crack in surface.. ॣ ज़‫څ‬Ձ‫ە ۋ‬ɰ.. ‫ݓ‬शࠞॠÀ ьԦॢ ‫ ڹًݓ‬6Úę 7Ú Ԝॠ 3ɳ‫ܼ Ϳڷ‬ ɳң͇֩ ޽ġ‫ۋ ۋ‬Θ‫ܐ ر‬ɰ(Fig. 8). ң͇֩ ޽ġ‫ ڹ‬ġ ߕԜҙ‫ە ق‬ə Ͽؒ‫ڮۙ ۆ‬Ѻ‫ڦ‬ε ‫آ‬ş֨ࢅə ޽ġѓѪ ‫ Ϳڷ‬ġߕə ߎėę ьࣷ‫ ۆ‬ठ‫ ͆˰ قۆ‬Ԝॳ‫ۋ‬ǣ ॠॳ ‫ߎ Ϳڷ‬ėʽ ьࣷė‫ڌۋ ں‬ॠ‫ ي‬ьࣷ‫ۆ ق‬३ ޽Ĺʽɰ. ‫޽ ॢ͠ۋ‬ġѪ‫ ڹ‬śąԐ‫ۆ‬, þČॢ ġߕ‫ ٮ‬ɰՙ ٍ‫ॢأ‬ ؒъ‫ ۋ‬Ԝॠъ‫ ق‬Ȯ‫ە ي‬ə ą‫ۺ قڍ‬०ॢ ‫ۺ‬ɾॢ ޽ġ Ѫ‫ۋ‬ɰ. 7Ú Ԝॠɳ‫֥ ڹ‬č‫ ۆ‬ǨÒҙ‫࠘ڦ ق‬ॠə ġߕε ޽ġ ॠş ‫ڦ‬ॠ‫ ي‬Úĵ‫ق‬Դҙࢢ ‫ Ϳڍܟ‬қνʼ‫ ر‬Ĺ‫ݕ‬ॠə ޽ ġ঍֩‫ۋ Ϳڷ‬Θ‫ܐ ر‬Č, 6Ú‫֥ ڹ‬č‫۾܁ ۆ‬ҙ‫࠘ڦ ق‬ॠ ə ԵধԵ‫޽ ں‬ġॠş ֨ۚॠ‫ ي‬ս і m Ĺ‫ ݕ‬঳ 7Úߌ ͤ ‫ Ϳڍܟ‬қνʼ‫޽ ر‬ġ‫ۋ ۋ‬Θ‫ܐ ر‬ɰ. ˰͆Դ 7Ú‫ۆ‬ ܼ‫ؖ‬ҙə ٍۙ‫ ࢀ Ϳڷۺ‬ġܳ‫ ۆ‬঍ࢗͿ ǫó ʽɰ(Fig. 9). 7Úę 6Ú‫ ۋ‬Ă࠘ə ҙқ‫ ڹ‬7Ú‫ ۆ‬Ԝɳ‫ ͠ي ق‬Ò‫ۆ‬ cone chuteε ঍ՁॠČ 7Ú ॠɳ‫ ق‬draw pointε χ˞‫ر‬ 6Ú ॠҙε ߎė ьࣷॠ‫ ي‬ң͇֨ࢉ‫޽ ׆Ϳڷ‬ġ‫֨֬ ں‬. (a) Plan view. (b) Sectional view Fig. 8. Plan and sectional view of an abandoned underground limestone mine and the zone of subsidence.. ‫܃‬43ń ‫܃‬1঒.

(6) 6. Ը‫ ߺڍ‬բ‫ڙ‬ą Ϊʴ‫ ڍ‬U.M. Rao Karanam. Fig. 9. Plan and cross-sectional view of a Room-and-Pillar stope(not to scale).. ॢ Ė‫ۋ‬ɰ(Fig. 10). ॢठ cone chute‫ࡾ ٮ࠘ڦ ۆ‬şə ş΀‫ Ϳڷ‬ǫ؉ ‫؍ ݓە‬؉Դ ‫܁‬ঝॠó ؎ սə ‫ݓػ‬χ ޽ ġѓѪԜ 6Úę Ԝ・ॠ7Ú‫ߑܼ ۋ‬ʼə Ė‫ ںؽە ق‬ì ‫܁߸ Ϳڷ‬ʼдͿ ٚԜʼə cone chute‫࠘ڦ ۆ‬ə Fig. 8.a ‫ ق‬श֨ʽ ц‫ ٮ‬Ïɰ. Fig. 11‫ ڹ‬Ҹ΀ ң͇Ѫ‫ ॢڌۺ ں‬ġԓ‫ق‬Դ ьԦʼə ‫ݓ‬ъࠞॠ ঍ࢗε ʪ֩‫ܳي҃ Ϳڷۺ‬ə Ŕρ‫ۋ‬ɰ. ġߕε ң͇֨ࡈ ޽Ĺ॥‫޽ ͆˰ ق‬Ĺ‫ߎ ۺ‬ъ‫ࣷ ۆ‬ĨÀ ьԦॣ ս ‫϶ڷە‬, ‫ݔ‬Ԝҙ ‫ ۋ˞ࠗݓ‬ս‫ ݔ‬Ѻ‫ڦ‬ε սъॠ‫ࣷ ۋ ي‬ Ĩϸ‫ ۋ‬ԜҙͿ ь‫ॢۻ‬ɰ. ‫أٍ ۋࠗݓ‬ॠČ ֮ʪÀ Ū‫ݓ‬ ‫ ڹ؍‬ą‫޽ ڍ‬Ĺ‫ ۆۺ‬ң͇‫ݓ ڹ‬शū‫ ݓ‬ь‫ۻ‬ॠ‫ ي‬॥Ѓ঍ ࠞॠÀ ьԦॠó ʽɰ. ‫ݓ ˺ۋ‬श‫ ۆ‬ս‫ۋݔ‬ʴ‫ ڹ‬cone chuteε ܼ֮‫ Ϳڷ‬ьԦॠČ ġܳÀ ‫࠘ڦ‬ॠə ĵً‫ݔ ۆ‬ Ԝҙ‫ق‬Դə Ԝʂ‫ࠞ ڹۚ Ϳڷۺ‬ॠε ‫ࢅڷێ‬дͿ, ‫ؘ‬Դ ‫س‬śॢ ц‫ ٮ‬Ï‫ ڹ‬Wۙ঍‫ࠞ ۆ‬ॠčԸ‫ۋ҃ ں‬ó ʽɰ. Fig. 12ə ࠞॠĵً‫ق‬Դ ě޶ʽ ইԜ, ÚǴʪ, ই ġ‫غ‬ ՙۤ ф ęä Л‫ ܃‬ġԓ‫ܛ ق‬Ԑॠٕʏ ‫قسݒ ۆڙغܛ‬. Fig. 10. The cross section and the transverse section of sub-level caving method of stoping at the abandoned limestone mine.. ॢĶ‫ݓ‬ĵ֨֟ࢰėॡধ‫ݓ‬. Fig. 11. Subsidence process associated with mine using the block caving method(Whittaker and Reddish, 1989).. Fig. 12. Sinkhole development over room and pillar mine(section B-B' in Fig. 8.a).. Ŗäॠ‫ ي‬ٚԜॣ ս ‫ە‬ə ‫ݓ‬ъࠞॠ ę‫ۦ ں܁‬ইॢ ì‫ڷ‬ Ϳ, 6Úę Ԝ7Ú ܼɳ‫ ں‬ң͇֨ࡈ Եধؒ ࣷթԵ‫ ں‬cone chuteε ࣀ३ ॠ7Ú‫ ۆ‬draw pointͿ ধսॢɰČ À‫܁‬ॠ ٕ‫ ں‬ą‫ڍ‬, ߯ՙ 30 m ȭ‫ ۆۋ‬ėʴ‫ ۋ‬঍Ձʾ ս ‫ە‬ɰ. ܼɳң͇ ˣ ޽ġ‫ۍ Ϳڷ‬३ ėʴߎъ‫ ۆ‬ң͇‫ ۋ‬ьԦॠϸ Ŕ Ԝҙ‫ق‬ə ࣷթʂÀ ঍Ձʽɰ. Œَ, ‫ۼ‬ν ф ɳࠗę Ï‫ؒ ڹ‬ъǴ ҝٍ՚ϸę ‫ۋ‬ε ࣀॢ ‫ݓ‬ॠս‫ ۓڮ ۆ‬ф ۙ ٍ Եধؒ ėʴ ˣ‫ۍ Ϳڷ‬ॠ‫ي‬, ‫ࣷ ॢ͠ۋ‬թʂə ֨Â‫ۋ‬ ąę॥‫ ͆˰ ق‬ь‫ۻ‬ॠ‫ ي‬ң͇ń‫ ۋ‬ঝʂʽɰ. ң͇ń‫ۋ‬ ‫ݓ‬शū‫ ݓ‬ʪɵॠ‫ݓ ي‬ъ‫ ۋ‬॥ЃʼČ ॥Ѓ‫ܳݓ‬Ѻ शࢹÀ ޽Ĺ‫ ۺ‬ǴҙͿ ৙͠ ˞‫ر‬Ç‫޽ ׆Ϳڷ‬Ĺ‫ ۺ‬Ԝҙ‫ݓ ۆ‬शϸ.

(7) D ԵধԵ दġԓ‫ݓ ۆ‬शࠞॠ ‫ۍڙ‬қԵ ф ٚԜ‫ॹڦ‬ĵً ٚࠑ. ‫ق‬Դə ࠞॠĵً‫ ۋ‬ঝʂʼČ ąԐϸ‫ۋ ں‬Θó ʽɰ. ҆ ‫ ۆًݓ‬ą‫ݓ ڍ‬श ‫ܓ‬ԐĀę ֥č‫ۋ‬ǣ ‫ۼ‬ν‫ ٮ‬Ï‫ؒ ڹ‬ъ Ǵ ҝٍ՚ϸę ՙőϿ ɳࠗ, Եধؒ ٍۙėʴ ˣ ‫ۆࠗݓ‬ Ìʪε ‫أ‬জ֨ࢅə ‫ݗݓ‬ĵ‫ܓ‬ε ÍČ ‫ە‬ɰ. Ӽχ ؉ɦ͆ 6Úę ‫ݓ‬शū‫˃ࠗݓ ۆݓ‬ƍə 50~100 m‫ݓ ق‬ǣ‫ڹ؍ ݓ‬ ʚ ъ३ ‫ݓ‬ॠ޽Ĺėʴ‫ ۆ‬ȭ‫ۋ‬ə ‫ أ‬50 m‫ۋ ق‬βş ˺Л ‫ݓ ق‬ъࠞॠÀ ֖ó ьԦॣ ս ‫ؽە‬ʏ ì‫ࣺ Ϳڷ‬ɳʽɰ. Fig. 13‫ ڹ‬ġ‫غ‬ՙࠑ‫ق‬Դ ࠑ͟ॢ ۙΒε ц࢖‫ Ϳڷ‬ĵՁ ॢ Fig. 8‫ ۆ‬AA' ɳϸʪ‫ۋ‬ɰ. 6Ú‫ ڍܟ ۆ‬Úʪ ‫ݔ‬Ԝҙ‫ق‬ Դ ߯ʂ ࠞॠÀ ьԦॠٕ‫ ϶ڷ‬Úʪ Ԑ‫ۋ‬ə ġܳ‫ݓݓ ۆ‬ ͳ‫ۍ Ϳڷ‬३ Ԝʂ‫ ڹۺ Ϳڷۺ‬őϿ‫ݓ ۆ‬ъ ࠞॠÀ ‫رێ‬ ǣ Wۙ ঍ࢗ‫ࠞ ۆ‬ॠčԸ‫ۋ ں‬ΘČ ‫ ॣ΁߸ ںڼە‬ս ‫ە‬ ɰ. 6Ú ‫ ࠑڍ‬Úʪ ‫ݔ‬Ԝҙ‫ق‬Դ 17 m‫ۋ ق‬βə ߯ʂ ࠞॠ À ьԦॠٕ‫϶ڷ‬, ‫ۋ‬Ė‫ق‬Դ 6Ú ߎъū‫ ۆݓ‬äνə 103 m‫ۋ ق‬δɰ. ޽Ĺėʴ ң͇‫ݓ ॢۍ Ϳڷ‬श॥Ѓ‫ ۋ‬Úʪ‫ ۆ‬Àۤ ؋‫ޅ‬ (ÚĵͿҙࢢ Àۤ Ϥ ‫ق)ޅ‬Դҙࢢ ֨ۚʼ‫ؽ‬ə‫ ݓ‬؉ɦϸ Úĵ‫قޅ‬Դҙࢢ ֨ۚʼ‫ؽ‬ə‫ݓ‬ə ঝ֬ॠ‫؍ ݓ‬ɰ. ɰχ ‫ێ‬ ҙ ġܳÀ ңĨʼϸԴ ‫ݓ‬ъ‫ ۋͳڿ‬ęʪॠó ‫ܼݚ‬ʼ‫ٍ ر‬ թ‫ Ϳڷۺ‬ɰδ ġܳ˞ʪ ࣷĨʼČ, ‫ۍ Ϳۋ‬३ Á cone chute˞ ܳѺ‫ ق‬ьԦॢ ėʴ˞‫ٍ ۋ‬Āʼ‫ ر‬ʂőϿ ң͇ ‫ Ϳڷ‬ь‫ ॢۻ‬ì‫܁߸ Ϳڷ‬ʽɰ. ‫قًݓ ۋ‬Դ‫ݓ ۆ‬शࠞॠę‫ܛ ں܁‬०ॠϸ ɰ‫ڼ‬ę Ï‫ۋ‬ ٚԜॣ ս ‫ە‬ɰ(Fig. 14). ֱࡾক‫ۆ ق‬३ ‫ݓ‬शࠞॠͿ ‫ۋ‬ ‫ݓر‬ə ߎъңĨ‫ ۆ‬Àɠॢ ‫ ۍۺʹێ‬Ԑæ˞‫ ڹ‬ԜՃॢ ě ࠑ‫ۋ ۋ‬Θ‫ݕر‬ɰϸ ‫ر‬ɗ ‫܁‬ʪ ঝ֬Ձ‫ ں‬À‫ݓ‬Č Ժ‫܁‬ʾ ս ‫ݓە‬χ, ‫ێ‬ъ‫ݓ Ϳڷۺ‬शࠞॠ‫ ٮ‬ěʹʼə ‫ۦ‬३‫܁ ۆ‬ ঝॢ ۤՙ‫֨ ٮ‬Â‫ ں‬ٚԜॢɰə ì‫ر ڹ‬ͷɰ. ҆ ‫ܓ‬Ԑ‫ݓ‬ ً‫ܼ ڹ‬ɳң͇֩ ޽ġ‫ۆ ق‬३ ঍Ձʽ ޽Ĺ‫ߎ ۋۺ‬ъ‫ۆ‬ ‫ ۍۺݕ۾‬ңĨε ‫ࢅڷێ‬Č ŕɳ‫ࡾֱ Ϳڷۺ‬ক ঍ࢗͿ ‫ݓ‬ श‫ ق‬ǣࢍǣó ʽɰ. ̚ॢ दġԓ Ԝҙ‫ ۆ‬ąԐ‫ݓ ݕ‬঍‫ۋ‬. 7. Fig. 14. The possible sequence of surface failure above the abandoned limestone mine.. ܼ‫ ںॣً ॢڅ‬ॠó ʼ‫ر‬, ġߕ‫ ۆ‬ǚ͇ۙ‫ ۍ‬Úʪ‫ۓ‬ĵ ҙ қ‫ ڹ‬Ԝҙ‫ݓ‬श‫˃ ۆ‬ƍÀ Çՙॠó ʼ‫ݓ ر‬शϸ‫ق‬Դ ֱࡾ ক‫ ۆ‬սε ‫ݒ‬À֨ࢇɰ. ‫ݓ‬঍‫ ۆ‬ąԐε ˰͆ َ‫ ۆ‬঍ࢗε À‫ݓ‬Č ǣࢍǣə ֱࡾক˞‫ݓ ڹ‬ъ‫أ ۆ‬জইԜ‫͒ߣ ں‬ॠ ó ʼ϶, Ԝҙ‫ݓ‬ъ‫ॄ ۆ‬জۚ‫ۆ قڌ‬३ ܳѓ֩ ޽ġۚ‫غ‬ ۤ ‫ࡾֱ ۆڦ‬ক˞‫ ں‬ԴͿ Кó χ˜ɰ. ॄজ‫֮ ۆ‬ʪə ş ঳‫ܓ‬æ‫ ںॳٖ ق‬ыó ʼČ, ψ‫ ڹ‬Ìս ‫ܓ‬æ ̚ॢ ॄজ‫ۆ‬ ֮ʪε ‫ݒ‬À֨ࢇɰ. υ‫ݓ‬φ‫ࠗݓ Ϳڷ‬॥Ѓ ‫ۋ‬঳‫ق‬ə 2޲ ‫ Ϳڷۺ‬ԓԐࢗ‫ ٮ‬Ï‫ ڹ‬йǏ͠‫ ݙ‬ইԜ‫҄ ۋ‬०‫ Ϳڷۺ‬ьԦ ॠٕɰ. ‫ۋ‬ə ‫ݓ‬श ॥ЃͿ ‫ ۋࠗݓ‬İ͈ʼ‫ݓ ر‬ъ‫ۻ ۆ‬ɳ ÌʪÀ ۹ॠʿ‫ ׆Ϳڷ‬शࢹࠗ‫ݓ ۋ‬঍ĵѕε ˰͆ ‫ۋ‬ʴॢ ì‫ࣺ Ϳڷ‬ɳʽɰ. ޽Ĺ‫ߎ ۺ‬ъ‫ࣷ ق‬թʂÀ ঍ՁʽɰČ ॠʌ͆ʪ ‫ ܁ۺ‬ġ ܳε ҃‫ॢۻ‬ɰϸ ġܳ‫ ق‬ьԦʼə ‫߿ ںܼݚ ͳڿ‬қ০ þ˩ ս ‫ە‬ş ˺Л‫ߎ ق‬ъ ң͇‫֖ ۋ‬ó ‫ݓ‬शū‫ ݓ‬ь‫ۻ‬ॠ ‫ݓ‬ə ‫؍‬əɰ. Ŕ͠ǣ ҆ ġԓ‫ ۆ‬ą‫قڍ‬ə ޽ġ঳‫ ۆ‬؋‫ۻ‬ ‫ ں‬ČͲॠ‫ߏ ޽ ڹ؍ ݓ‬սॠϸԴ ġܳ˞‫ ں‬ęۖ‫޽ Ϳڷ‬ Ĺ॥‫ ׆Ϳڷ‬ġܳ‫ݓݓ ۆ‬ɠͳ‫ࡾ ں‬ó Çՙ֨ࡈ Ԝ‫ۦ‬ॠܼ ‫ ں‬þ˥‫ ݓ‬ЇॠČ ġܳÀ տÂ‫ࣷ Ϳڷۺ‬Ĩʽ ì‫ࣺ Ϳڷ‬ ɳʽɰ.. ࠞॠٖॳѩ‫ڦ‬. Fig. 13. Sectional view in the zone of subsidence(section A-A' in Fig. 8.a).. ‫܁߸ ۺ΁ۋ‬ ࠞॠÀ ьԦॠə şÂ‫޽ ڹ‬Ĺ‫ܓ‬æę ‫ܓݗݓ‬æ ŔνČ Ìս‫ܓ‬æ‫ ͆˰ ق‬սț‫ق‬Դ ս֯ ț‫ ۋ‬èπ ս ‫ە‬ş ˺Л ‫ ق‬ćࠑ‫ ں‬ॠş ‫قۻ‬ə ‫ݓ‬ъ‫ٰ ۋےݔړ ۆ‬Βʼə ֨‫۾‬ ‫ ں‬ɳ‫ ॣ܁‬ս ‫ػ‬ɰ. ҆ ġԓ‫ ۆ‬ą‫قڍ‬ʪ ࠞॠÀ ьԦʼČ ‫܃‬43ń ‫܃‬1঒.

(8) 8. Ը‫ ߺڍ‬բ‫ڙ‬ą Ϊʴ‫ ڍ‬U.M. Rao Karanam. ь‫ۻ‬३٣ ę‫ܳͲ؎ ں܁‬ə ۙΒÀ ä‫ ϶ڷػ ۆ‬ćࠑʪ ֬֨ʽ ‫ػ ۋۺ‬ş ˺Л‫ࠞ ق‬ॠÀ ٰΒʼ‫ؽ‬ə‫ ݓ‬؉ɦϸ ć՚ʼČ ‫ە‬ə‫ قݓ‬ʂ३Դə ҆ ‫ܓ‬Ԑ‫ق‬Դə э৩ ս ‫ػ‬ ɰ. ɳ‫ݓ ݓ‬श ‫ܓ‬Ԑ‫ ٮ‬ąॹ‫ࣀ ں‬३Դ Ԝɾ ҙқ‫޽ ۆ‬Ĺ‫ۺ‬ ‫ ۋ‬ң͇Н‫ۆ ق‬ॠ‫ ںܐڗ޽ ي‬ì‫܁߸ Ϳڷ‬ʼдͿ ॳ঳ ߸À‫ࠞ ۍۺ‬ॠÀ ьԦॠʌ͆ʪ Ŕ őϿə ࡾ‫ ں؍ ݓ‬ì ‫ࣺ Ϳڷ‬ɳʽɰ. ޽Ĺėʴ ॥Ѓ‫ۆ ق‬ॠ‫ ي‬঍Ձʽ Ҿ ėÂ ‫ ݌‬॥Ѓ şˊ ‫ݔ ۆ‬ą‫ ڹ‬ң͇ ߣş‫ق‬ə ‫ݓ‬ॠ ėʴ(W)‫ق‬Դǣ ‫ݓ‬श(D) Ԝ‫ق‬Դ ʴ‫ ॣێ‬ì‫ۋ‬дͿ D=WÀ Ձςॢɰ(Fig. 15). ġ ԓߎъ‫ߣ ۆ‬şң͇ę ʴ֨‫ࣷ ق‬թʽ ؒԵ˞‫ٍ ڹ‬Āʽ ޽ Ĺ‫ Ϳڷۺ‬৙͠˞‫ر‬ÀԴ ؋֩Á  Ϳ ּ‫ۋ‬ó ʼČ, ࣷթ ؒ‫ۺߕ ۆ‬ऋ޻‫ۍ Ϳڷ‬३ ǣϢ‫ ݓ‬॥Ѓ şˊ‫ڍ޽ ں‬ó ʽ ɰ. ‫ۋ‬ə ߯‫ݓ Ϳڷۺܛ‬शԜ‫ ق‬ǣࢍǣə ՜Ԝًٖ‫Ϳڷ‬Դ ࠞॠ ٖॳѩ‫(ڦ‬Ds)ε ‫ॢۆ܁‬ɰ. ‫ݓ‬शԜ‫ ق‬՜Ԝʂ‫ݔ ۆ‬ą‫ڦ ں܁߸ ں‬३ Whittaker‫ٮ‬ Reddish(1989)À ‫܃‬؋ॢ ąॹ‫ ۺ‬शই֩‫ ॣڌۋ ں‬ս ‫ە‬ɰ. .           . (1). ‫ي‬şԴ,   Ԝҙ‫ݓ‬ъČ(  ), K=ऋ޻έ, ‫ێ‬ъ‫Ϳڷۺ‬ 1.3~ 1.5(Church,1981; Blyth & De Freitas,1990; Bell & Stacey, 1992; Whittaker & Reddish, 1993),   ޽ Ĺ‫ ۺ‬फ( ),   ޽ĹČ( ),   ࣷթؒ‫ ۆ‬؋֩Á, Ŕ νČ   ң͇ʂ‫ݔ ۆ‬ą‫ۋ‬ɰ. ֩ (1)Ϳҙࢢ ֱࡾক ও‫ ڹ‬ң͇ʂ‫ݔ ۆ‬ą  ə ɰ‫ڼ‬. (2)֩ę Ïɰ. .            . (2). ş‫ۙܕ‬Β ф ই‫ܓݓ‬Ԑε ࣀ३    ,   ,    ,    ,     ˣ‫ Ϳڷ‬ÁÁ ԓ‫ ॢ܁‬Ā ę ՜Ԝ‫ ًݓ‬ѩ‫ ۍڦ‬ң͇ʂ‫ݔ ۆ‬ą‫ ڹ‬26 Ϳ ćԓʼ‫ؽ‬ ɰ. ‫ۋ‬ə ܳѓ֩ ޽ĹѪ‫ق‬Դ Àɠॢ ࣷĨ ‫ت‬Ԝ‫ ێ‬ս ‫ە‬ ɰ. Ŕ͠ǣ êࢹ ʂԜ ԵধԵġԓ‫ ۆ‬ą‫ܳ ڍ‬ѓ֩ ޽ĹѪ χ‫ ॢڌۺ ں‬ì‫ ۋ‬؉ɦ͆, ܼɳ ң͇Ѫʪ Ԑ‫ ॢڌ‬ঔ०‫ۺ‬ ‫޽ ۍ‬ġѓѪ‫ڌۺ ں‬ॠٕɰ. ‫ۋ‬ə ܳѓ֩ ޽ĹѪ‫ڌۺ ق‬ ॠə ąॹ֩‫( ֩ ۍ‬1)‫ ں‬Ԑ‫ڌ‬ॠəʚ ‫ ۋأ܃‬ʾ ս ‫ڷە‬ ǣ, Ŕ Òȝ‫ ں‬ট‫ڌ‬ॠ‫ ي‬ऋ޻έ  ‫ࣷ ۍ‬թؒ‫ݓ޲ ۋ‬ॠə ߕ‫ ۺ‬ф ‫ ںۺߕ ߕۻ‬ԓ‫܁‬॥‫ ׆Ϳڷ‬ң͇ʂ‫ݔ ۆ‬ą‫ ں‬ć ԓॣ ս ‫ە‬ɰ. ‫ۋ‬ə ‫ݓ‬श‫ق‬Դ ě޶ॣ ս ‫ؽە‬ʏ ࠞॠ‫ٮ‬ ԓԐࢗ(landslide)‫҄ ۆ‬०‫ ۺ‬ইԜ‫ ں‬őϼॠş‫ۺ ق‬०ॢ ‫ۿ‬ŖѪ‫ࣺ ͆ۋ‬ɳॠٕɰ. ъ˚֨ ČͲ३‫ܳ ॣ آ‬ʽ ‫ۙۍ‬ ‫ࣷ ۍ‬ɳÁ(angle of break) ə ‫ݔ‬ą 26‫ࡾֱ ۍ‬ক ܳ Ѻ ؒъ‫ࣷ ۺݕ۾ ۆ‬ĨͿ ‫ۍ‬३ ࢀ É‫ ں‬À‫ ݗ‬ս ‫ںڼە‬ ঝ‫ ॣۍ‬ս ‫ە‬ɰ. ‫ݔ‬ą  Ϳ ঍Ձʽ ֱࡾক ǴͿ शࢹࠗ‫ࣷ ۋ‬Ĩʼ‫߸ ر‬À ‫ Ϳڷۺ‬৙͠˞‫ر‬Â ߕ‫ ڹۺ‬ɰ‫( ڼ‬3)֩ę Ï‫ ۋ‬शইʽɰ.  .   .          .  . .  . .       . . . .    . (3). ࣷթؒ‫ ݗڗ޽ Ϳڷ‬ս ‫ە‬ə ‫ ߕۻ‬ėÂ‫ ڹ‬ɰ‫( ڼ‬4)֩ę Ïɰ. Ds              . (4). ң͇Ū‫ ۋ‬ε 2  Ϳ À‫ ॣ܁‬ą‫ࣷ ڍ‬թؒ‫ݓ޲ ۋ‬ॠə ߕ‫ ڹۺ‬ɰ‫( ڼ‬5)֩ę Ïɰ.                . . (5). ‫ۺߕ ߕۻ‬ę‫ ۆ‬ěćͿҙࢢ ɰ‫ ڼ‬ˣ֩‫ ۋ‬Ձςॢɰ.. φ Fig. 15. Basic considerations in estimating the extent of damage due to subsidence by sinkhole formation.. ॢĶ‫ݓ‬ĵ֨֟ࢰėॡধ‫ݓ‬.     . (6).     ŔνČ ε Ԝş ֩‫ Ϳڷ‬शইॠϸ ɰ‫ڼ‬ę Ïɰ..

(9) 9. D ԵধԵ दġԓ‫ݓ ۆ‬शࠞॠ ‫ۍڙ‬қԵ ф ٚԜ‫ॹڦ‬ĵً ٚࠑ.                              . (7). Ԝş ֩‫ ں‬ɳտজ֨ࢅϸ ɰ‫ ڼ‬ěć֩‫ ںص ں‬ս ‫ە‬ɰ.                                                  . (8).            . ֩(8)‫ ں‬؉͒ ࠑ‫܁‬É˞‫ڌۋ ں‬ॠ‫ ي‬िϸ ঝۤʽ ՜Ԝ ʂ‫ ۆ‬ѩ‫ࠞ ݌ ڦ‬ॠٖॳѩ‫ ڦ‬ε ‫ ںص‬ս ‫ە‬ɰ. ě޶ॢ ‫ ॢ ܼ ۾ݓ‬Ė‫ ق‬ʂ३    ,    ,    ,   ,   ,   ŔνČ.    ‫ ێ‬ą‫ Ϳڍ‬Ժ‫܁‬ॠ‫ ي‬ćԓॢ Āę,    ‫ ۋ‬ʽɰ. ‫ ۋ‬É‫ق۾ݓڌۺ ڹ‬Դ ě޶ʽ ࠞॠफ, ‫ࠞ ݌‬ॠ ٖॳ ѩ‫ أ ڦ‬70 Ǵ‫ Ϳٽ‬ǣࢍǦ ìę ۞ ҙ०ॢɰ. ˰ ͆Դ ३ɾ ‫ق۾ݓ‬Դ‫࠘ͳۓ ۆ‬À Ҽİ‫ࢍ ۺ‬ɾॢ É˞‫ںے‬ ঝ‫ ॣۍ‬ս ‫ؽە‬ɰ. Ŕ͠ǣ ‫ ۋ‬ս࠘ə Á ‫ًݓ‬ѻ ң͇Ū‫ۋ‬ ‫ࣷ ٮ‬թؒ‫ ۆ‬ऋ޻έ‫ۋ޲ ق‬À ‫ ںە‬ս ‫ە‬Č şॠॡ‫܁ ۺ‬ ҃˞‫ ق‬ʂॢ ֬ࠑ࠘˞‫ ۋ‬Ҿ‫أ‬ॠ϶ Úʪ‫ ق‬ʂॢ ‫ۆ҃܁‬ ֪΋Ձ‫ ۋ‬ɰՙ ̆‫϶ݓر‬, ‫ࠞ ۻ‬ॠًٖ‫ێ ق‬έ‫ۺ Ϳڷۺ‬ ‫ڌ‬ॠş ‫ر‬ͷş ˺Л‫ ͳۓ ˞ۋ ق‬Ѻ͟˞‫ ق‬ʂॢ ঝέ‫ۺ‬ êࢹÀ ज़‫څ‬ॠɰ. ঝέ΁‫܁߸ ۺ‬ ң͇Ū‫ۋ‬, ؒԵऋ޻έ, ؋֩Á ˣ Á ϔÒѺս‫ ۆ‬қप ф ࣀć͟‫ ں‬ইۤ‫ܓ‬Ԑ Āę ф ֬ࠑ࠘ε ࢹʂͿ À‫܁‬ॠ Č, Monte Carlo ֨бͪ‫ۋ‬Վ şѪ‫ڌۋ ں‬ॠ‫ ي‬՜Ԝʂ‫ۆ‬. ѩ‫ قڦ‬ʂॢ қपε ‫ؽص‬ɰ. ̚ॢ, ࠞॠŪ‫ ٮۋ‬՜Ԝʂ, ‫݌‬ ࠞॠ‫ॳٖ ۆ‬ѩ‫ ۆٮڦ‬ěćε ֨бͪ‫ۋ‬Վ‫ࣀ ں‬३ ‫ڮ‬ʪॠ ‫ࠞ ي‬ॠইԜ ф ѩ‫ قڦ‬ʂॢ ‫ۿ ۺ΁ۋ‬Ŗ‫֨ ں‬ʪॠٕɰ. ‫ڍ‬Ը ҃ս‫ۿ ۍۺ‬Ŗ‫ڦ ں‬३ ң͇Ū‫ ۆۋ‬थŒę शܵठ ޲ε 3 m‫ ٮ‬2 mͿ Âܳॠٕ‫ؒ ϶ڷ‬Եऋ޻έ‫ ۆ‬ą‫قڍ‬ ə थŒ 1.45, शܵठ޲ 0.1Ϳ Ժ‫܁‬ॠٕɰ. ࢹࠗ‫ ۆ‬ऋ޻ έ‫ ڹ‬थŒ 1.15, शܵठ޲ 0.05, ŔνČ ؋֩Á‫ ۆ‬थŒę शܵठ޲ə Á Á 30 4 Ϳ Ժ‫܁‬ॠٕČ, қपə ‫܁‬őқ पε ‫ڌۋ‬ॠٕɰ. शࢹࠗ ˃ƍ, ‫ ݌‬ң͇Čə ս࠘‫ݓ‬঍ʪ ε ‫ڌۋ‬ॠ‫ ي‬Ŕ қपε ‫ ϶ڷؽص‬Á ϔÒѺսѻ қपə Fig. 16ę Ïɰ. ‫ ˞ۋ‬ϔÒѺսѻ Ǧսε ‫ڌۋ‬ॠ‫ࠞ ي‬ॠ ٖॳń‫ ق‬ʂ३ ঝέ΁‫ ۺ‬қԵ‫ ں‬սॱॠ‫ࠞ ي‬ॠŪ‫ ٮۋ‬ѩ‫ ۆٮڦ‬ěć֩ ‫ ں‬ĵॠٕɰ(Fig. 17 ф Table 1). ֨бͪ‫ۋ‬Վ ĀęۙΒ ‫ ق‬ʂ३ ࠞॠ Ū‫(ۋ‬ )‫ॳٖ ٮ‬ѩ‫ (ڦ‬)‫ ۆ‬ěćϿʝͿԴ 1 ޲ ‫ݓ‬սÇկ Ͽʝę 2޲ ‫ݓ‬սÇկ Ͽʝ‫ ں‬ČͲॢ Āę, 2޲ ‫ݓ‬սÇկ Ͽʝ‫ ۋ‬ԜěՁ‫ ۋ‬ȭó ǣࢍǮ‫϶ڷ‬, ‫ۋ‬ə ȭ‫ڮۙ ڹ‬ʪε ৠԦ३Դ ‫ ڹص‬ĀęͿ ҇ ս ‫ە‬ɰ. Ā‫܁‬ć ս ܼ‫ ق‬ ‫ ۆ‬Нν‫ۆ ۺ‬йə ң͇‫ݔ‬ą‫ڮ ق‬Ԑॢ ‫ۆ‬йε ‫ݓ‬ɦ϶ ‫ݓ‬शŖߌ‫ ۆ‬ң͇‫ݔ‬ą‫ ۋ‬ėʴǴ‫ ۆ‬ң͇‫ݔ‬ą  ‫ٮ‬ ‫ڮ‬Ԑॠɰə ì‫ ڹ‬ң͇ ࠞॠėʴǴε ࣷթؒ‫ۋ‬ǣ शࢹࠗ ‫ ڐ޽ ۋ‬ս ‫ە‬ə ߕ‫ ۋۺ‬Çՙॠş ˺Л‫ ق‬ǰ‫ࣷ ڹ‬թÁ ‫ ں‬À‫ݓ‬ó ʿ‫ۆ ں‬йॢɰ. 2޲ ‫ݓ‬սÇկ Ͽʝ‫ڌۺ ں‬ॠ‫ ي‬Á cone chuteÀ ‫࠘ڦ‬ ॣ ì‫ Ϳڷ‬ٚԜʼə ‫ ق۾ݓ‬ʂॢ ٖॳѩ‫ڦ‬ε ԓ‫܁‬ॠٕ‫ڷ‬ ϶, Ŕ Āęε Fig. 18‫ ق‬ʪ֨ॠٕɰ. ‫ॳٖ ॢ͠ۋ‬ѩ‫ڦ‬ə ‫߸ Ϳڷؘ‬À‫ Ϳڷۺ‬ьԦॣ ս ‫ە‬ə ‫ݓ‬शң͇ѩ‫ڦ‬ε Ժ‫܁‬ ॠə şܵ‫ ۋ‬ʼ϶, Fig. 18Ϳҙࢢ Ժ‫߸ ॢ܁‬À ࠞॠ‫Ͳڍ‬ ĵً‫ ڹ‬Fig. 19‫ ٮ‬Ïɰ. ࠞॠ‫ Ͳڍ‬ĵً‫ ڹ‬ǫ‫ ޅ‬ф ǫʴ‫ޅ‬ ‫ق‬Դə ই‫ࠞ ۆۦ‬ॠĵً ąć҃ɰ 10~20 m ‫܁‬ʪ ȉ‫ر‬ ‫϶ݓ‬, ҚԴѓॳ‫Ϳڷ‬ə 30~40 m ঝۤʾ ս ‫ە‬ə ì‫Ϳڷ‬ ǣࢍǮɰ. Қʴ ѓॳ‫Ϳڷ‬ə ֬‫ࠞ ܃‬ॠًٖ‫ ۋ‬ćԓ‫ۆ ق‬. Table 1. Correlation models between the depth of subsidence and the effective range Model  . R2 parameters. Exponential decay model I. Exponential decay model II.   ⋅   .   ⋅   ⋅   . 160.65. 114.18. 0.891. 0.923. A=205.42. A1=216.41. B=0.97. B1=0.32. C=43.47. A2=100.14 B2=2.54 C=27.56. ‫܃‬43ń ‫܃‬1঒.

(10) 10. Ը‫ ߺڍ‬բ‫ڙ‬ą Ϊʴ‫ ڍ‬U.M. Rao Karanam. (a) Depth of subsidence (  ). (b) Bulking factor of rock (  ). (c) Bulking factor of soil (  ). (d) Angle of repose (  ) Fig. 16. Assumed distribution models of various parameters. Fig. 17. Correlation between a depth of subsidence and an effective range.. ३ ĵॢ ٖॳѩ‫҃ڦ‬ɰʪ ʌ ࡾó ǣࢍǮəʚ ‫ۋ‬ə ĵ‫ܓ‬ ‫أٍ ۍۺ‬ʂ‫ ۆ‬ьɵͿ ‫ ॢۍ‬ì‫ࣺ Ϳڷ‬ɳʽɰ. ࠞॠĵً‫ۆ‬ ʴ‫ ޅ‬ѓॳ‫Ϳڷ‬ə ‫ݓ‬श॥ЃͿ śąԐ Ԑϸ‫ ۋ‬ԞͿ‫ ۋ‬঍Ձ ʼ‫ݓ ر‬ъࠞॠ‫ٮ‬ə Иěॠó ؒъ‫ॄ ۆ‬জ‫ܼݚ ٮ‬঒‫Ϳڍ‬. ॢĶ‫ݓ‬ĵ֨֟ࢰėॡধ‫ݓ‬. Fig. 18. Effective range of subsidence associated with each cone chute.. ‫ۍ‬३ ԓԐࢗ‫ ٮ‬Ï‫ ڹ‬Ԑϸ‫ࣷ ۺݕ۾ ۆ‬ĨÀ ‫ॱݕ‬ʾ ì‫ڷ‬ Ϳ ࣺɳʽɰ. ֬‫ ۋ Ϳ܃‬ĵً Ǵ‫ق‬Դə ࠞॠًٖ ঳ѓ‫ق‬ ь‫ۻ‬ॠČ ‫ە‬ə ɰս‫ۤۍ ۆ‬Œَ ˣ‫ ں‬ě޶ॣ ս ‫ە‬ɰ..

(11) 11. D ԵধԵ दġԓ‫ݓ ۆ‬शࠞॠ ‫ۍڙ‬қԵ ф ٚԜ‫ॹڦ‬ĵً ٚࠑ. Ϳ‫ ׆‬शࢹࠗ‫ٍۙ ۋ‬ąԐϸ‫ۋ ͆˰ ں‬ʴॢ ì‫ۋ‬ɰ.. Fig. 19. Hazard map of subsidence and landslide over the abandoned limestone mine.. Ā. ΁. - ‫ݓ‬ъࠞॠ ইড ‫ݓ‬ъࠞॠə 6Úę 7Ú‫ߑܼ ۋ‬ʼə Úʪ‫߹ ۆ‬ѓॳ‫ں‬ ˰͆ ьԦॠČ ‫϶ڷە‬, ࠞॠĵً‫ ڹٍۤ ۆ‬240 m‫ۋ‬Č 2 ߯ʂ फ‫ ڹ‬160 mͿԴ Ŕ ϸ‫ ڹۺ‬26,600 m ‫ۋ‬ɰ. ࠞॠĵ ً Ǵ‫ق‬Դ ॥Ѓ঍ ࠞॠ৖‫ ۋۺ‬ɰս ьþʼ϶ ࠞॠ ঳‫ق‬ ‫ݓ‬ъ‫ ۋ‬ԓԐࢗ‫ ٮ‬Ï‫ ڹ‬йǏ͠‫ ݙ‬ইԜ‫ ۋ‬ьԦॢ ҄०‫ۍۺ‬ ࠞॠ঍ࢗε ǣࢍǴČ ‫ە‬ɰ. ࠞॠɳϸ‫ ڹ‬ʂߕͿ Wۙ ঍ ࢗε ࠄॠəʚ ‫ۋ‬ə cone chute Ԝҙ‫ق‬Դə ؒъң͇‫ۋ‬ ψ‫ ڹ‬ъϸ ġܳÀ ‫ ॢ࠘ڦ‬Ė‫ق‬Դə Ԝʂ‫ࠞ Ϳڷۺ‬ॠÀ ‫ۺ‬ó ьԦॠٕş ˺Л‫ ۍ‬ì‫ࣺ Ϳڷ‬ɳʽɰ. ‫ݓ‬঍‫ ۋ‬ąԐ ‫ە ܋‬ş ˺Л‫ ق‬ČʪÀ ǰ‫҃ޅ ڹ‬ɰ ȭ‫قޅ ڹ‬Դ ‫ݓ‬ъ‫ۆ‬ ս‫ۋ ݔ‬ʴ͟‫࠶ ۋ‬Դ ࠞॠ‫ ۆًݓ‬ʴ‫ ޅ‬ąćҙ‫ق‬ə śąԐ Ԑϸ‫ ۋ‬঍Ձʼ‫ۍ Ϳۋ ϶ڷؽ‬३ ‫ ۺݕ۾‬ԐϸࣷĨÀ ‫ॱݕ‬ ʼČ ‫ە‬ɰ. - ‫ݓ‬ъࠞॠ ‫ۍڙ‬ Ԝ 7Ú‫ق‬Դ 6Ú Ԑ‫ قۋ‬ġߕε cone chuteͿҙࢢ ޽Ĺ ॥‫߯ ׆Ϳڷ‬ՙ 30 m ȭ‫ ۆۋ‬ėʴ‫ ۋ‬঍Ձʽ ъϸ ‫ݓ‬शū ‫֮ ۆݓ‬ʪə 50~100 m‫ݓ ق‬ǣ‫؍ ݓ‬؉ ėʴߎъ‫ ۆ‬ң͇ ‫ Ϳڷ‬঍Ձʽ ࣷթʂÀ ԴͿ ٍĀʼϸԴ ġܳÀ ॠܼ‫ں‬ þ˥‫ ݓ‬ЇॠČ ࣷĨʼ‫ ر‬॥Ѓ‫ ࢇڷێ ں‬ì‫܁߸ Ϳڷ‬ʽ ɰ. ̚ॢ Եধؒ‫ٍۙ ۆ‬ʴĹę ɳࠗ ф ֥čę Ï‫أٍ ڹ‬ ॢ ‫ݗݓ‬ĵ‫ܓ‬À ॥Ѓ‫ ں‬À՚জ ֨ࢇ ì‫ࣺ Ϳڷ‬ɳʼ϶, И ‫҃ؼ‬ɰʪ ߏսॠϸԴ ġܳε ęۖ ޽Ĺॢ ì‫ۍۺۿݔ ۋ‬ ‫ ۍۍڙ‬ì‫ࣺ Ϳڷ‬ɳʽɰ. ‫ࠗݓ‬॥Ѓ ‫ۋ‬঳‫ق‬ə 2޲‫Ϳڷۺ‬ ԓԐࢗ‫ ٮ‬Ï‫ ڹ‬йǏ͠‫ ݙ‬ইԜ‫ ۋ‬ьԦॠٕəʚ, ‫ۋ‬ə ‫ݓ‬ श ॥ЃͿ ‫ ۋࠗݓ‬İ͈ʼ‫ݓ ر‬ъ‫ۻ ۆ‬ɳÌʪÀ ۹ॠʿ‫ڷ‬. - ߸ÀࠞॠٚԜ ঝέ΁‫ۆ ق܁߸ ۺ‬ॠϸ ࠞॠ‫ Ͳڍ‬ĵً‫ ڹ‬ǫ‫ ޅ‬ф ǫ ʴ‫قޅ‬Դə ই‫ࠞ ۆۦ‬ॠĵً ąć҃ɰ 10~20 m ‫܁‬ʪ ȉ‫϶ݓر‬, ҚԴѓॳ‫Ϳڷ‬ə 30~40 m ঝۤʾ ս ‫ە‬ə ì ‫ Ϳڷ‬ǣࢍǦɰ. Қʴѓॳ‫Ϳڷ‬ə ֬‫ࠞ ܃‬ॠًٖ‫ ۋ‬ćԓ‫ق‬ ‫ۆ‬३ ĵॢ ٖॳѩ‫҃ڦ‬ɰʪ ʌ ࡾó ǣࢍǮəʚ ‫ۋ‬ə ĵ ‫أٍ ۍۺܓ‬ʂ‫ ۆ‬ьɵͿ ‫ ॢۍ‬ì‫ࣺ Ϳڷ‬ɳʽɰ. ࠞॠĵ ً‫ ۆ‬ʴ‫ ޅ‬ѓॳ‫Ϳڷ‬ə ‫ݓ‬श॥ЃͿ śąԐ Ԑϸ‫ ۋ‬ԞͿ‫ۋ‬ ঍Ձʼ‫ݓ ر‬ъࠞॠ‫ٮ‬ə Иěॠó ؒъ‫ॄ ۆ‬জ‫ܼݚ ٮ‬঒ ‫ۍ Ϳڍ‬३ ԓԐࢗ‫ ٮ‬Ï‫ ڹ‬Ԑϸ‫ࣷ ۺݕ۾ ۆ‬ĨÀ ‫ॱݕ‬ʾ ì‫ࣺ Ϳڷ‬ɳʽɰ. ćࠑۙΒÀ ‫ رػ‬ই‫ࠞ ۦ‬ॠ‫ܛ ۆ‬Β‫ي‬ҙə ҝқϼॠд Ϳ ߸À‫ࠞ ۍۺ‬ॠʪ ѕ‫ ॣ܃‬ս ‫ػ‬ɰ. ̚ॢ Ԑ͊˞‫ॱࣀ ۆ‬ ‫˚ ۋ‬Л Ė‫ۋ‬дͿ ॥Ѓ‫ݕ߿ ݓ‬ę Ï‫֨ ڹ‬śॢ ҄ĵə ज़ ‫ ڹ؍ ࠘څ‬ì‫ࣺ Ϳڷ‬ɳʼдͿ ҄ĵʂ޾‫ࠞ ڹ‬ॠÀ ٰΒʼ ‫ݓ ر‬ъ‫ ۋ‬؋‫܁‬জʽ ‫ۋ‬঳‫ ق‬սςॠə ì‫ ۋ‬ц͊‫ݔ‬ॠν͆ ҆ɰ. ąćًٖ Ǵ ‫ݓ‬ъ॥Ѓ ф ࠞॠইԜę ʴ‫ ޅ‬Ԑϸ‫ق‬ Դ‫ ۆ‬Ҽ࢐ϸ йǏ͠‫ ݙ‬ইԜ‫߸ ۆ‬À‫ ۍۺ‬ьԦ‫ي‬ҙǣ ‫ݓ‬ъ ؋‫܁‬জ‫ي‬ҙ‫ ۆ‬ঝ‫ڦ ںۍ‬ॠ‫ٍ ي‬՚‫ ۍۺ‬ćࠑ ф ܳş‫ۺ‬ ইۤě޶‫ ۋ‬ज़‫څ‬ॠɰ.. ޷ČЛॶ 광업진흥공사(KORES), 2002, 정밀조사보고서(석회석: 영월 -토교, 제천-두학지구), DS2002-LS(IV), 자원탐사처, p.115. Bell F.G. and Stacey R., 1992, Subsidence in Rock Masses. Chap. 13, Engineering in Rock Masses, ButterworthHeinemann. Blyth F.G.H. and de Freitas M.H., 1990, A Geology for Engineers, Edward Arnold. Church H.K. 1981, Excavation Handbook, McGraw-Hill International Book Company. Matheson G.M. and Eckert-Clift A.D., 1986, Characteristics of chimney subsidence and sinkhole development from abandoned underground coal mines along the Colorado Front Range, Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Surface Subsidence due to Underground Mining, West-Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, pp.204- 214. Piggott R.J. and Eynon P., 1977, Ground movements arising from the presence of shallow abandoned mine workings, Proceedings of the Conference on Large Ground Movements and Structures, UWIST, Cardiff, Geddes J.D.(ed), Pentech Press, pp.749-80. Sowers G.F., 1976, Mechanisms of subsidence due to underground openings, in Subsidence over mines and. ‫܃‬43ń ‫܃‬1঒.

(12) 12. Ը‫ ߺڍ‬բ‫ڙ‬ą Ϊʴ‫ ڍ‬U.M. Rao Karanam. caverns, moisture and frost actions, and classification: Washington, D.C., Transportation Research Board Record 612, National Academy of Science, pp.2-8. Whittaker B.N., Reddish D.J., 1993, Subsidence Behaviour. of Rock Structures, Chap. 28, Vol. 4, Comprehensive Rock Engineering. Pergamon Press. Whittaker B.N. and Reddish, D.J., 1989, SubsidenceOccurrence, Prediction and Control, Elsevier, p.528.. Ը ‫ߺ ڍ‬. բ ‫ ڙ‬ą. 1978ț Դ‫ڐ‬ʂॡİ ۙ‫ڙ‬ėॡę ėॡԐ 1984ț Դ‫ڐ‬ʂॡİ ʂॡ‫ڙۙ ڙ‬ėॡę ėॡԵԐ 1988ț ॒͎֟ ࣷν VIʂॡİ ėॡчԐ. 1982ț Դ‫ڐ‬ʂॡİ ۙ‫ڙ‬ėॡę ėॡԐ 1985ț Դ‫ڐ‬ʂॡİ ʂॡ‫ڙۙ ڙ‬ėॡę ėॡԵԐ 1996ț ‫ق‬ƞʚлʂ ॒͎֟, ėॡчԐ. ই‫ॢ ۦ‬Ķ‫ٍڙۙݗݓ‬ĵ‫ݓ ڙ‬ъ؋‫ٍۻ‬ĵҙ ޾‫ٍے‬ĵ‫ڙ‬ (E-mail; [email protected]). ই‫ॢ ۦ‬Ķ‫ٍڙۙݗݓ‬ĵ‫ݓ ڙ‬ъ؋‫ٍۻ‬ĵҙ ޾‫ٍے‬ĵ‫ڙ‬ (E-mail; [email protected]). Ϊ ʴ ‫ڍ‬. 6. 3BP ,BSBOBN. 1994ț Դ‫ڐ‬ʂॡİ ۙ‫ڙ‬ėॡę ėॡԐ 1996ț Դ‫ڐ‬ʂॡİ ʂॡ‫ڙۙ ڙ‬ėॡę ėॡԵԐ 2000ț Դ‫ڐ‬ʂॡİ ʂॡ‫ݓ ڙ‬ĵঞą֨֟ ࢰėॡҙ ėॡчԐ. 1983ț Osmania University ėॡԐ 1987ț Banarus Hindu University ėॡ ԵԐ 1994ț Indian Institute of Technology ėॡчԐ. ই‫ॢ ۦ‬Ķ‫ٍڙۙݗݓ‬ĵ‫ݓ ڙ‬ъ؋‫ٍۻ‬ĵҙ Ը‫ٍے‬ĵ‫ڙ‬ (E-mail; [email protected]). ॢĶ‫ݓ‬ĵ֨֟ࢰėॡধ‫ݓ‬. ই‫ ۦ‬Indian Institute of Technology, ġԓॡę İս (E-mail; [email protected]).

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