A Study on Dynamic Water Quality Change for Gate Operation in Seonakdong River

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Received January 12 2013, Revised February 8 2013, Accepted April 26 2013

Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0)

A Study on Dynamic Water Quality Change for Gate Operation in Seonakdong River

ABSTRACT

The inflow from Daejeo gate and the outflow from Noksan gate in Seonakdong river, which is a reservoir-like river with the characteristics of stagnant water, is very important for TMDLs (Total Maximum Daily Load) of Nakbon N unit watershed. However, there are very few measured data for calculating base flow. The operating data is much different from the actual measured data because the probable maximum flowrate is used for gate operation. In this study, the operating flowrate data of Daejeo and Noksan gates are compared with the monthly water quality data from Ministry of Environment monitoring station. The dynamic change of the flowrate and the water quality is also measured for the operation of Daejeo and Noksan gates. The flowrate of Seonakdong river is measured, which is affected by the gate operation, the water elevation difference of Nakdong river and Seonakdong river, and the tidal elevation.

The results of this study can be used for establishing the water quality improvement measures by the optimal gate operation.

Key words : Reservoir-like river, Stagnant water, Seonakdong river, Daejeo gate, Noksan gate

Ⅹಾ

⪙ᗭ⩶⦹⃽ᮝಽᱶℕᙹᩎ✚ᖒᮥw۵ᕽӺ࠺vᨱᕽ᮹ݡᱡᙹྙᮁ᯦పŝךᔑᙹྙႊඹపᮡ᪅ᩝⅾపšญ᜽⧪ĥ⫮ݡᔢᮁᩎᯙӺᅙN ݉᭥

ᮁᩎ᮹ᙹḩšญᨱᯩᨕᕽๅᬑᵲ᫵⦽ᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊽݅. ⦹ḡอʑᵡᮁపᮥᔑᱶ⦹ʑ᭥⦽ᝅ⊂ᯱഭ۵ๅᬑᇡ᳒⦹Ł, ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙ᮹ᬕ

ᩢᯱഭ۵ᙹྙ}ࠥ᜽↽ݡa܆ႊඹపอᮥᔍᬊ⦹Łᯩᮝအಽᝅ⊂ႊඹపŝ۵ฯᮡ₉ᯕෝᅕᯕŁᯩ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙ᮹

ᬕᩢᯱഭෝᙹḲ⦹Ł, ᯕෝ⪹Ğᇡᙹḩ⊂ᱶ฾ᬵᄥᙹḩᄡ⪵᪡᮹እƱෝ☖⧕ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙ᮹ᬕᩢᨱ঑ෙᕽӺ࠺v

ᅙඹ᮹እᱶᔢᔢ┽᮹ᮁపᄡ⪵᪡ᯕᨱ঑ෙᙹḩᄡ⪵ෝᝅ⊂⦹ᩡ݅. Ӻ࠺vᅙඹᙹ᭥, ᕽӺ࠺vᙹ᭥, ᳑᭥॒᮹ᩢ⨆ᮥၼ۵ݡᱡᙹྙᮁ᯦ŝ

ךᔑᙹྙႊඹᨱ᮹⦽ᕽӺ࠺vᮁపᄡ⪵ෝᝅ⊂⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᯕ۵ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙ᮹↽ᱢᬕᩢᮥ☖⦽ᕽӺ࠺v᮹ᙹḩ}ᖁݡ₦ᙹพ᮹ʑ

Ⅹᯱഭಽ⪽ᬊࢁᙹᯩᮥäᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅.

áᔪᨕ ⪙ᗭ⩶⦹⃽, ᱶℕᙹᩎ, ᕽӺ࠺v, ݡᱡᙹྙ, ךᔑᙹྙ

1. ᕽು

ᕽӺ࠺vᮡᔢඹᨱ۵ݡᱡᙹྙ, ⦹ඹᨱ۵ךᔑᙹྙᯕ᭥⊹⦹Łᯩᮝ໑, ᯕ᪡zᮡᙹྙॅᨱ᮹⦹ᩍ⦹⃽᮹ᮁపᯕ᳑ᱩࡹ۵⪙ᗭ⩶

⦹⃽ᯕ݅. ᕽӺ࠺vᮡ ⠪ᔢ᜽ᨱ۵ ʡ⧕⠪᧝᮹ ᵝ᫵ ׮ᨦᬊᙹ Ŗɪᬱᮝಽ ᔍᬊࡹŁ, ⪮ᙹ᜽ᨱ۵ Ñݡ⦽ ᮁᙹḡ᮹ ᩎ⧁ᮥ ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.

ᕽӺ࠺vᮡ℁ᔩॅ᮹ࠥ௹ḡಽᦥ෥݅ᬕ⦹⃽Ğšᮥᯱ௲⦹ḡอ, ↽ɝך᳑ၽᔾ॒ᙹḩྙᱽ᮹ᝍbᖒᯕݡࢱࡹŁᯩᮝ໑, 2005֥ᇡ░

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Fig. 1. Monitoring sites in Seonakdong river watershed

⪹Ğᇡ᮹ᙹḩ᪅ᩝⅾపᱽ᮹᜽⧪ĥ⫮ݡᔢḡᩎ(ӺᅙN ݉᭥ᮁᩎ) ᮝಽḡᱶࡹᨩ݅. ᕽӺ࠺v⦹ඹᇡᨱ᭥⊹⦽ךᔑᙹྙᮡᩝᙹᨱ

᮹⦽⦝⧕ᩩႊŝ׮ᨦᬊᙹ᮹⪶ᅕෝ༊ᱢᮝಽÕᖅࡹᨩ݅. ᕽӺ࠺

vᮡ⠪Ɂᙹ໕ᱢᯕ7.8⽋ᯕ໑, ᱡᙹపᮡ1,840อ⽎ಽᕽ׮ᨦᬊᙹ

ෝ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᖅ⊹⦽ᙹྙॅᨱ᮹⧕1֥ᵲݡᇡᇥ᮹ʑe

࠺ᦩᙹℕaᱶℕࡹᨕᯩ݅. ݡᱡᙹྙ᮹ᮁ᯦పᄡ⪵᪡׮ᨦᬊᙹ᮹

ᔍᬊపᨱ ঑௝ ᙹ᭥᮹ ᄡ⪵a ๅᬑ ᝍ⦹໑, ךᔑᙹྙ᮹ ᬕᩢᨱ

঑ෙᯝ᜽ᱢᯙႊඹᨱ᮹⦹ᩍᙹ⊖᮹Ʊ⪹ᯕ⦽᜽ᱢᮝಽᯝᨕӹ۵

ࠦ✚⦽ ᙹญᙹྙ⦺ᱢ ✚ᖒᮥ aḥ݅(SRRIC, 2005).

ᕽӺ࠺vᮁᩎᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍಽ۵ӺᅙN ݉᭥ᮁᩎ᪅ᩝⅾపšญ

᜽⧪ĥ⫮ ᙹพᮥ ᭥⦹ᩍ QUALKO ༉⩶ᮥ ᱢᬊ⦽ ၵ ᯩŁ (Gimhae City, 2006a), Lee et al. (2007)ᮡ ᙹྙᬕᩢᨱ ঑ෙ

ᮁᗮᰆᄡ⪵᪡ᯕಽᯙ⦽׮ࠥᰆᄡ⪵ෝ2₉ᬱᙹ⊹༉⩶ᮥ☖⧕

༉᮹⦽ၵᯩ݅. ੱ⦽Hwang et al. (2013)ᮡᙹྙᬕᩢᨱ঑ෙ

CE-QUAL-RIV1 ༉⩶ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ༉᮹⦹ᩡ݅. Kim and Kim (2011) ᮡᕽӺ࠺vᮁᩎᨱݡ⦹ᩍᯱᩑᮁᩎ༉⩶ᯙSWAT ༉⩶ŝ

ࠥ᜽ᮁᩎ༉⩶ᯙSWMM ༉⩶ᮥᩑĥ⦹ᩍ׮Ğḡ᪡ࠥ᜽ḡᩎᯕ

⡍⧉ࡽ ᮁᩎ✚ᖒᮥ Łಅ⦽ ᮁ⇽ప ᇥᕾᮥ ᝅ᜽⦹ᩡ݅. əญŁ

Kang et al. (2012)ᮡSWAT ༉⩶ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᕽӺ࠺v᜽⨹ᮁᩎ ᨱᕽ᮹ᙹྙᬕᩢᨱ঑ෙᮁ⇽ၰᙹḩᄡ⪵ෝᩑǍ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ᪡

zᮡ ᩑǍ۵ ᕽӺ࠺v ᮁᩎᨱ š⦽ ᮁᩎ༉⩶ ᩑǍ᪡ ᕽӺ࠺v

ᅙඹᨱš⦽ᙹญၰᙹḩ༉⩶ᩑǍಽᕽᰆʑᱢᯙᮁపၰᙹḩ

༉ܩ░ยᮥ☖⦽᜽⨹ᮁᩎᬕᩢŝᯕᨱݡ⦽ᯱഭᇥᕾ॒᮹⩥ᰆᩑ Ǎ ᔍಡ۵ ๅᬑ ᱢ݅.

ݡᔢᮁᩎᨱᕽ᮹}ၽᨱ঑ෙᙹྙ⧕ᕾŝᙹḩᩢ⨆ᮥᇥᕾ⦹ʑ

᭥⧕ᕽ۵ vᬑపᮥ ⡍⧉⦽ b᳦ ʑᔢᯱഭॅŝ ⦹⃽᮹ ᮁప ၰ

ᙹḩ᮹⊂ᱶᯕ⦥᫵⧉ᨱࠥᇩǍ⦹ŁݡᇡᇥᵲᗭȽ༉ᮁᩎᨱᕽ۵

ᯕ᪡zᮡᯱഭaℕĥᱢᮝಽᙹḲࡹŁᯩḡᦫ݅(MLTM, 2001).

ǎԕ᜽⨹ᮁᩎᬕᩢᔍಡෝᔕ⠕ᅕ໕׮ᨦᬊᙹšญෝ᭥⧕ᵲᗭȽ

༉ᱡᙹḡෝ⡍⧉⦽ᮁᩎ᮹ᙹྙᯱഭෝᯝᱶʑeᙹḲ⦹ʑ᭥⧕

᜽⨹ᮁᩎᮥᬕᩢ⦽ĞᬑaᯩŁ, ݅༊ᱢݱᔢඹᨱᕽ᮹ᮁ᯦పᮥ

ᱶ⪶⦹íš⊂⦹ʑ᭥⧕᜽⨹ᮁᩎᮥᬕᩢ⦽ᔍಡaᯩ݅(KICT, 2002). Seo et al. (2003)ᮡࠥ᜽ᮁᩎᨱᕽ᮹ᄡ⪵ᨱ᮹⦽ᮁ⇽✚ᖒ ᮹ᄡ࠺ᮥá☁⦹ʑ᭥⦽ᙹྙᯱഭ⇶ᱢᮥ᭥⧕ᇡᔑŲᩎ᜽ࠥᝍḡ ᨱ ᜽⨹ᮁᩎᮥ ᖁᱶ⦹ᩍ ᝅ᜽e ᙹ᭥ ༉ܩ░ย ᩑǍෝ ⦹ᩡ݅.

ᱶℕᖒ ᳑ᱩ⦹⃽ᮝಽ ᕽӺ࠺vᮡ ᙹప ၰ ᙹḩ šญa ᨕಅᬕ

⦹⃽ᯕḡอ⪹Ğᇡ᮹ᙹḩ⊂ᱶ฾4ḡᱱᮥᱽ᫙⦹Ł۵šಉᱶᅕa

ๅᬑᇡ᳒⦹໑, ⦹⃽ᮁపᨱš⧕ᕽ۵ᅙඹၰḡඹᨱᕽᙹ᭥-ᮁపš ĥłᖁᯕ᳕ᰍ⦹۵ǎaᙹ᭥š⊂ᗭaᬕᩢࡹŁᯩḡᦫ۵ၙĥ⊂

ᮁᩎᯙšĥಽᮁᩎ༉⩶᮹á᷾ᨱš⦽ᩑǍaᙹ⧪ࡹʑᨕಅᬕ

ᝅᱶᯕ݅(Kang et al., 2012).

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᕽӺ࠺v᮹⦹⃽ᮁప⊂ᱶᮥ☖⦹ᩍᅙඹ⮱෥ᮥ

᳑ᱩ⦹۵ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙ᮹ᮁᙹᗭ☖܆ಆᮥᙹญ⦺ᱢᮝಽ

⠪a⦹Łᯱ⦹ᩡ݅. ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙᮥᬕᩢ⦹۵ᇡᔑ᜽vᕽ Ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᮁ᯦పၰႊඹపᯱഭෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩍᰆʑᱢᯙᮁపᄡ⪵᪡

ᯕಽᯙ⦽ᙹḩᩢ⨆ᮥᇥᕾ⦹Łᯱ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽ݡᱡᙹྙᮁ᯦పŝ

ךᔑᙹྙႊඹపᄡ⪵ᨱ঑ෙእᱶᔢ⦹⃽ᮁపᄡ⪵᪡࠺ᱢᙹḩ

ᄡ⪵ෝᝅ⊂⦹Ł, ᙹྙᬕᩢᨱ᮹⦽ᙹḩ}ᖁ⬉ŝෝᱶపᱢᮝಽ

⠪a⦹Łᯱ ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽ ᰆʑ ᙹྙᬕᩢ ᳑Õᨱ ঑ෙ ᕽӺ࠺v

ᅙඹ᮹ᙹḩᄡ⪵ෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ, ᙹḩᯕᳬᮡӺ࠺vᅙඹᬱᙹ᮹

ᮁ᯦ᨱ঑ෙᙹḩ}ᖁ⬉ŝ᪡ךᔑᙹྙႊඹᨱ᮹⦽⥭్ᝒ⬉ŝෝ

ᱶపᱢᮝಽ ⠪a⦹Łᯱ ⦹ᩡ݅.

2. ᩑǍႊჶ

2.1 ۩ঃକલ෮จ

ᕽӺ࠺vᮡᮁᩎ໕ᱢᯕ304.1km

²

ᯕŁ, ᮁಽᩑᰆᯕ18.5kmಽ ᕽᮁᩎ⩶ᔢᯕႊᔍᔢŝᬑᔢ᮹⪝⧊ᔢᮝಽእƱᱢǍ⩶ᮥᯕ൉Ł

ᯩᮝ໑, ᮁᩎ᮹⠪Ɂ⡎ᮡ࠺ᕽႊ⨆ᮝಽ17ⴇ20km, ԉᇢႊ⨆ᮝಽ ۵᧞18km ᱶࠥᯕ݅. ᩑ⠪Ɂʑ᪉ᮡ13.5ⴇ15.3ⳃᯕ໑ᩑ⠪Ɂv ᙹపᮡᩑ1,349mmᯕ݅. ᕽӺ࠺vᮁᩎᮡ᳭ᦩᨱ⠪v⃽, ๆࠥv, ᬑᦩᨱ ݡq⃽, ᩩᦩ⃽, ᵝᵲ⃽, ᝁᨕ⃽, ḡᔍ⃽, əญŁ ᳑อv

ᮁᩎ॒ᮝಽǍᖒࡹᨕᯩ݅. ᕽӺ࠺vᮁᩎᮡᱥℕ໕ᱢᵲᯥ᧝a

₉ḡ⦹۵໕ᱢᯕ109.6km

²

(36%), ׮Ğḡ88.6km

²

(29%), ⦹⃽ᯕ

51.7km

²

(17%)ෝ₉ḡ⦹Łᯩ݅. ᕽӺ࠺vᮁᩎᮡ⧪ᱶǍᩎᔢᮝ ಽ۵ᇡᔑŲᩎ᜽vᕽǍ᪡Ğᔢԉࠥʡ⧕᜽ᨱÙℱᯩᮝ໑, vᕽǍ

ḡᩎ᮹69.1%, ʡ⧕᜽ḡᩎ᮹69.9%ᨱᯕ෕۵ḡᩎ᮹ḡၹŁa

EL. 10m ᯕ⦹ᯕ໑, ᯕᵲᔢݚ⦽໕ᱢ᮹ḡၹŁaEL. 0.7ⴇ1.5m ᯙ ᱡḡݡ ⠪᧝ಽ Ǎᖒࡹᨕ ᯩ݅. ঑௝ᕽ ⪮ᙹ᜽ ᮁᩎ᮹ 60%

ᯕᔢᯕ ⋉ᙹࡹ۵ ᙹ⧕ ᔢ᜖ḡǍᨱ ⧕ݚࡽ݅. ੱ⦽ ᙹྙ ₉݉ᨱ

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Fig. 2. Daejeo gate (Hwang, 2008)

Fig. 3. Noksan 1st gate and 2nd gate (Hwang, 2008)

᮹⦽ᱶℕᖒ⦹⃽ᮝಽᰆʑe᪅ᩝྜྷḩᯕ♕ᱢࡹŁᯩᮝ໑, ᯕಽ

ัၙᦵᦥ ᙹḩ᪅ᩝᯕ ๅᬑ ᝍ⦽ Ŕᯕʑࠥ ⦹݅(SRRIC, 2005) Fig. 2 ᪡Fig. 3ᨱᕽᅕ۵ၵ᪡zᯕ1934֥ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑ

ᱽ1ᙹྙᮥᖅ⊹⧉ᮝಽ៉⪙ᗭ⩶⦹⃽ᮝಽᄡ⦹íࡹᨩᮝ໑, 1992֥

6 ᬵךᔑᱽ2ᙹྙᮥ⇵aಽᖅ⊹⦹ᩡ݅. ᙹྙ᮹ᬕᩢᮡᕽӺ࠺v᮹

⪮ᙹ᳑ᱩၰʡ⧕⠪᧝᮹š}ᬊᙹ≉· ႑ᙹ᪡ᙹḩ}పᮥ༊ᱢᮝಽ

ݡᱡ·ךᔑᙹྙšญȽᱶ(vᕽǍ⬩ಚᱽ153⪙)ᨱ঑௝vᕽǍℎᨱ ᕽᬕᩢ⦹Łᯩ۵ߑ, ךᔑᙹྙᮡ5ྜྷᨱᕽ11ྜྷᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵1ᯝ

2 ⫭ႊඹ⧁ᙹᯩᮝӹ, ݡᇡᇥ1⫭ၙอᮝಽႊඹ⦹Łᯩ݅. ḥᬑࠥ

ၰᰆᯱࠥ⦹݉ᨱʡ॒໕⨩᧲᜾ᰆ, ךᔑၰݡᱡᙹྙḢ⦹ඹᨱ۵

ᰍℊ · ݡ⋎ᯕ · ᕾ⪵॒ྕ໕⨩᧲᜾ᰆᯕᇥ⡍⦹Łᯩᮝ໑, ⠪v⃽

ᵝᄡ᮹ḡ⦹ᙹᩝᗭᯕ᪉׮ࠥa10,158⼷/ⳅᱶࠥಽ׮ᨦᬊᙹᵲ᮹

ᩝᗭᯕ᪉׮ࠥ᷾a॒ᮝಽᯙ⦽׮ᨦ⦝⧕⪶ݡෝᬑಅ⦹ᩍᙹྙ

}ႊ ⫭ᙹෝ ⇶ᗭ ᬕᩢ⦹Ł ᯩ۵ ᝅᱶᯕ݅(SRRIC, 2005).

ݡᇡᇥᱡḡݡಽᯕ൉ᨕᲙᯩ۵ᇡᔑvᕽǍ᪡Ğԉʡ⧕᜽᮹

ᔢ᜖⋉ᙹෝ⧕ᗭ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ךᔑᙹྙᨱךᔑ႑ᙹ⟭⥥ᰆᮥÕᖅ⦹

ᩡ݅. ᯕ႑ᙹ⟭⥥ᰆᮡ2004֥ᨱ₊Ŗ⦹ᩍ2009֥ᨱᵡŖࡹᨩᮝ ໑, ႑ᙹ⟭⥥ᰆ᮹႑ᙹǍᩎᮡⅾ250km

²

ᯕŁ⟭⥥᜽ᖅᮡᵝ႑ᙹ⟭

⥥19ݡ᪡ᙹḩ}ᖁᬊ⟭⥥2ݡෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ200m

³

/sec ᮹ᮁపᮥ

႑ᙹ᜽┍ᙹᯩ݅. ᕽӺ࠺v᮹ᔢඹᇡ᪡⦹ඹᇡᨱ᭥⊹⦽ݡᱡᙹྙ

ŝ ךᔑᙹྙ᮹ ᵝ᫵ ᱽᬱ ၰ ĥ⫮⪮ᙹ᭥۵ Table 1ŝ z݅.

ᕽӺ࠺vԕ⮱෥ᮡݡᱡᙹྙ᮹ᮁ᯦ᨱ᮹⦽⮱෥ŝךᔑᙹྙ᮹

ႊඹᨱ ᮹⦽ ⮱෥, əญŁ ᳑อv᮹ ḡ⃽ ᮁ᯦ᨱ ঑ෙ ⮱෥ᯕ

ᙹྙ᯲᳑ŝvᬑᔍᔢᨱ঑௝ᕽๅᬑ݅᧲⦹íӹ┡ӹŁᯩ݅(Lee et al., 2005). Fig. 4 ᮡ2003ⴇ2011֥ࠥᨱᙹྙᬕᩢᯱഭෝၵ┶

ᮝಽݡᱡ·ךᔑᙹྙ᮹}ྙ᜽eŝᕽӺ࠺vᮁ᯦ప᮹ᔢššĥෝ

ӹ┡ԙäᯕ݅. ݡᱡᙹྙᮡđᱶĥᙹa0.9 ᯕᔢ᮹׳ᮡᔢššĥ

ෝӹ┡ԕŁᯩᮝӹ, ךᔑᙹྙ᮹ᔢššĥaԏᮡᯕᮁ۵2003

(4)

Table 1. Dimensions of Daejeo and Noksan water gate

Dimension Unit Noksan Gate Daejeo Gate

1st Gate 2nd Gate Lock Gate Intake Gate

Scale B×h×ea 10.0×4.0×10 12.0×6.0×6 8×6.5×1 5×4.5×2

Sill Elevation EL. m -2.50 -3.50 -3.00 -3.00

Design Flood level EL. m 1.13 1.13 - -

Normal Water Level EL. m -0.30 -0.30 -0.30 -0.30

Refloat Structure - Roller Gate Roller Gate - -

Operating Speed m/min 0.5 0.5 - -

Installation Time year 1934 1992 - -

(a) Daejeo water gate (b) Noksan water gate

Fig. 4. Opening time and flowrate at Daejeo and Noksan gate (20032011)

~2009 ֥ʭḡ۵↽ݡa܆ႊඹపᮥĥᔑ⧕ᕽŁ᜽⦹ᩡᮝ໑, 2010

֥ᇡ░ ᮁపĥෝ ᖅ⊹⦹ᩍ ᝅᱽ ႑ᙹపᮥ ӹ┡ԕŁ ᯩᨕᕽ ᯕ

₉ᯕᨱᕽ᪅۵႑ᙹప᮹₉ᯕভྙᯕ௝❱݉ࡽ݅. ↽ݡa܆ႊඹప ᮝಽŁ᜽ࡽ2003~2009֥ᯱഭอᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩡᮥĞᬑ, ᔢššĥa

0.91 ᯕᔢ᮹ᳬᮡšĥෝӹ┡ԕӹ, 2010~2011֥ᯱഭෝᯕᬊ⦹

ᩡᮥĞᬑ۵ᔢššĥa0.33ᮝಽ}ྙ᜽eᨱእ⧕ႊඹపᯕ᯲ᦹ

݅. ᯕ۵}ྙ᜽ԏᮡḡݡಽᯙ⦽ԏᮡᮁᗮŝ᳑᭥᮹ᩢ⨆ᮝಽ

❱݉ࡽ݅.

2.2 ਏ෠କલ૶ઽ

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᇡᔑŲᩎ᜽vᕽǍℎ᮹⩲᳑ෝၼᦥ↽ɝ5֥e ᮹ᙹྙᮥ᯲᳑⦽᜽ʑ᪡}⠱⩥⫊ᮥ᳑ᔍ⦹ᩡ݅. ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑ ᙹྙ᮹ᬵᄥ}ྙ᜽eŝ≉ᙹపᮥᇥᕾ⦹Ł, ≉ᙹపᄡ⪵ᨱ঑ෙ

ᕽӺ࠺vᙹḩᄡ⪵ෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ݡᱡᙹྙᯙɝ᮹Ğᬑ, ⦹⃽ᮁప

ᮥ⊂ᱶ⧁อ⦽Ʊపᯕᨧ۵šĥಽݡᱡᙹྙᮁ᯦పᄡ⪵ᨱ঑ෙ

ᙹḩᄡ⪵ෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᙹྙ}ࠥ᜽ᨱᕽӺ࠺vᅙඹ᮹ʡ⧕Ʊ᪡

v࠺Ʊ, ךᔑᙹྙ॒᮹ḡᱱᨱᕽᙹ᭥, ᮁప, ᙹḩ॒ᮥ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩍ

ᮁ᯦ᙹᨱ ᮹⦽ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ᳑ᔍ⦹ᩡ݅. ᝅᱽ ᙹྙᯕ ᬕᩢࡹŁ ᯩ۵

᜽ᱱᮥᱥ⬥⧕ᕽ⧕ݚḡᱱᨱᕽᯝᱶ᜽e࠺ᦩᨱᮁపၰᙹḩᨱ

ݡ⦹ᩍ᜽eᨱ঑ෙᄡ⪵ෝ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. ᕽӺ࠺vᅙඹᨱᕽ2006֥

8ᬵᨱᕽ12ᬵʭḡⅾ5⫭ᨱÙℱ4}ḡᱱᨱᕽ30ᇥ݉᭥ಽᮁప

ၰᙹḩᄡ⪵ෝ᳑ᔍ⦹ᩡ݅. ᕽӺ࠺v᮹ᮁప⊂ᱶᮡ⥥ಽ⠁్ᮁᗮ ĥ۵Valportᔍ᮹BFM002 ᮁᗮĥෝᔍᬊ⦹ᩍᮁᗮ݉໕ᱢჶᮝಽ

⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅(Fig. 5 ₙ᳑).

ᙹྙᯕ }ႊࡹḡ ᦫᮥ ভ᮹ ᅙඹԕ ԏᮡ ᮁᗮᮡ ᕽӺ࠺v᮹

ᙹḩᮥᦦ⪵᜽┅۵ᵲ᫵⦽ᬱᯙᮝಽḡඹᨱᕽ᮹ᮁ᯦ᇡ⦹పᯕך ᔑᙹྙᮥ☖⧕ၵ݅ಽ዁Კӹaḡ༜⦹Ł ᕽӺ࠺vᨱ♕ᱢࡹŁ

ᯩ݅. ঑௝ᕽᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᵝ᫵ḡඹᨱᙹ᭥༉ܩ░ย᜽ᜅ▽ᮥ

ᖅ⊹⦹ᩍᰆʑeᙹ᭥ᯱഭෝᙹḲ⦹Ł, vᬑ᜽ᮁప⊂ᱶᮥᝅ᜽⦹

ᩍᙹ᭥-ᮁపšĥłᖁᮥ᯲ᖒ⦹ᩡ݅. ᕽӺ࠺v᮹ᱽ1ḡඹᯙ᳑อ v᮹Ğᬑךᔑᙹྙ᮹ᩢ⨆ᮝಽั݉ᇡḡᱱᨱᮁᗮᯕÑ᮹ᨧᮝအ ಽᔢඹ2}᮹ḡඹ(ᵞ࠺Ʊ, ษₑƱ)ᨱᕽᙹ᭥ෝ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩍᙹ᭥-ᮁ

పšĥłᖁ᜾ᮥ᯲ᖒ⦹ᩡ݅. Fig. 6ᮡᕽӺ࠺vᮁᩎ᮹ᵝ᫵ḡඹᨱ

ᙹ᭥༉ܩ░ย᜽ᜅ▽ᮥ ᖅ⊹⦽ ḡᱱᮥ ӹ┡ԙ äᯕ݅.

(5)

Fig. 5. Flowrate measurement in Seonakdong river

Fig. 6. Water gaging system in Seonakdong river watershed (Kang et al., 2012)

3. ᩑǍđŝ

3.1 ছًܛԳକ߆ࢫ஺ࠑ৤ாࡦۍഉࠫ

ᕽӺ࠺v ḡඹᨱ ᖅ⊹⦽ ᙹ᭥༉ܩ░ย᜽ᜅ▽᮹ ᙹ᭥ ᯱഭෝ

ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ ᔑᱶ⦽ ᙹ᭥-ᮁపšĥłᖁ᜾ᮥ Fig. 7ᨱ ӹ┡ԕᨩ݅.

ᕽӺ࠺vᱽ1, 2ḡඹᨱ⧕ݚ⦹۵᳑อvŝᝁᨕ⃽ᨱᖅ⊹⦽

ᙹ᭥༉ܩ░ย᜽ᜅ▽ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ᯲ᖒ⦽ᙹ᭥-ᮁపšĥłᖁᮥᔑ ᱶ⦽ḡඹ᮹ᮁపŝӺ࠺vᙹĥӺᅙN ݉᭥ᮁᩎ⦹⃽ᙹḩၰᮁప

᳑ᔍ(Giahae City, 2006b: 2008)᮹ ᙹḩᯱഭෝ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ Fig.

8ᨱ ᮁపŝ ᙹḩ ⩥⫊ᮥ ӹ┡ԕᨩ݅.

2006֥ࠥෝᔕ⠕ᅕ໕BOD᪡T-N, T-Paᮁᩎᮁ⇽పᯕᱢᮡ

1ᬵⴇ4ᬵŝ 10ᬵⴇ12ᬵᨱ ⦹⃽᮹ ᯲ᮡ ᮁపᮝಽ ᯙ⧕ ׮ࠥa

׳íӹ᪉ၹ໕ᨱᮁపᯕฯᮡ5ᬵⴇ9ᬵᨱ۵SS׮ࠥa׳íӹ┡ԍ

݅. ᳑อvࠥᝁᨕ⃽ŝእ᜘⦽᧲ᔢᮥᅕᯕ໑, BOD, T-N, T-P

׮ࠥa׳ᮡᯕᮁ۵ᔢඹḡᩎᨱŖᨦ݉ḡ᪡ᵝÑ݉ḡa᭥⊹⧕ᯩ

Ł, ⦹ᙹ᳦ั⃹ญᰆᯕᯩᨕᕽəᩢ⨆ᮥฯᯕၼʑভྙᯕ݅. 7ᬵ᮹

Ğᬑ2007֥ᅕ݅SS ׮ࠥa׳íӹ᪵۵ߑᯕ۵┽⣮ᨱ᭥ܩᦥ᮹

ᩢ⨆ᮝಽ Ḳᵲvᙹಽ ᯙ⧕ ☁ᔍ ᮁ⇽ᯕ ᝍ⦹í ӹ┡ӽ äᮝಽ

❱݉ࡽ݅. 2007֥ࠥᨱ۵Ğ⨆ᮡእ᜘⦹íӹ┡ӹӹᮁపᯕ2006֥

ᅕ݅ᱢᨕᕽBOD, T-N, T-P᮹׮ࠥa޵׳íӹ┡ӹŁ, əᨱ

(6)

(a) Sirye bridge (b) Jujoong bridge

(c) Sineo bridge (d) Jukdong bridge

(e) Machal bridge

Fig. 7. Rating curve at main tributary of Seonakeon River (Kang et al., 2013)

ၹእಡ⦹ᩍSS᮹׮ࠥ۵ᵥᨕऽ۵äᮥᅝᙹᯩ݅. ✚⯩, vᬑ᜽ᨱ

᳑อv᮹SSa׳íӹ┡ӹ۵ᯕᮁ۵ᵝÑḡᩎᮥᱽ᫙⦽ݡᇡᇥ᮹

ḡᩎᯕᔑḡ᪡׮Ğḡಽᯕ൉ᨕᲙᯩʑভྙᯙäᮝಽ❱݉ࡹ໑, ᝁᨕ⃽ᨱᕽiᙹʑᯥᨱࠥ2006֥ᅕ݅SS׮ࠥa޵׳íӹ┡ӹ۵

äᮡ ᔢඹ᮹ ⦹⃽ᱶእŖᔍ᮹ ᩢ⨆ᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.

ᕽӺ࠺vḡඹ᮹ᙹḩ⠪Ɂ׮ࠥa2006֥ᨱ۵᧞BOD 4.41mg/L, T-N 3.78mg/L, T-P 0.236mg/L, SS 14.11mg/L ᯕŁ, 2007֥ᨱ ۵BOD 4.11mg/L, T-N 3.79mg/L, T-P 0.414mg/L, SS 14.44mg/L

ಽᕽӺ࠺vᅙඹ᮹ᙹḩᅕ݅ᳬḡᦫᮡäᮥ᦭ᙹᯩᨩ݅. ঑௝ᕽ

ݡᱡᙹྙ᮹ᮁ᯦పᮥ᷾a᜽┅۵äᮡᕽӺ࠺vḡඹᨱᕽᮁ᯦ࡹ

۵᪅ᩝᇡ⦹పᮥᯝᱶᱶࠥ⯍ᕾ᜽┕ᮝಽ៉ᕽӺ࠺vᅙඹ᮹ᙹḩ }ᖁᨱ ࠥᬡᯕ ࡽ݅۵ äᮥ ⪶ᯙ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.

3.2 ছًܛԳ৤ࢂ૶ઽ઩ݗࠛ৤ா෮จंজ

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᙹྙᬕᩢᨱ঑ෙᙹḩ}ᖁ⬉ŝෝᱶపᱢᮝಽ

ᇥᕾ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍӺ࠺vᅙඹ᪡ᕽӺ࠺v᮹ᙹḩᮥእƱᇥᕾ⦹Ł,

(7)

(a) 2006yr Sineo stream (b) 2006yr Joman river

Fig. 8. Flowrate and water quality of Seonakdong river tributary

Fig. 9. Comparison of BOD, T-N, T-P between Nakdong river and Seonakdong river

ݡᱡᙹྙᮁ᯦ప ᷾a᜽࠺ᱢᙹḩᄡ⪵ෝ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽↽ɝ

5 ֥e᮹ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙ᮹ᙹྙᬕᩢᯝḡෝᙹḲ⦹Ł, ⪹Ğᇡ

ᙹḩ⊂ᱶ฾᮹ᬵᄥᙹḩᄡ⪵᪡᮹ᔢššĥෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᕽӺ࠺

vݡᱡᙹྙ᮹ᮁ᯦పᨱ঑ෙᙹḩ}ᖁa܆ᖒᮥá☁⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍ

Fig. 9ᨱӹ┡ԙၵ᪡zᯕӺ࠺vᅙඹᯙǍ⡍ḡᱱŝᕽӺ࠺v

ᕽӺ࠺vᨱ᭥⊹⦽ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙᮡᩝᙹ⋉᯦ᮥสŁݕᙹ

᳑ᱩ ☖⦽ ׮ᨦᬊᙹ ⪶ᅕᨱ۵ Ⓧí ʑᩍ⦹ᩡᮝӹ, ᙹྙᨱ ᮹⧕

ᙹℕaᱶℕࢉᨱ঑௝⪙ᗭ⩶⦹⃽᮹ྙᱽᱱᯕᝍb⦹íӹ┡ӹŁ

ᯩ݅. ᕽӺ࠺vᮁᩎᮡĞԉʡ⧕᜽᪡ᇡᔑvᕽǍಽᇡ░ၽᔾ⦹۵

݅᧲⦽݅ప᮹᪅ᩝྜྷᯕᮁ᯦ࡹŁᯩᮝ໑, ᱶℕᙹᩎᮝಽᮁ᯦ࡹ۵

ŝ݅⦽ᩢ᧲ᩝඹಽᯙ⧕ᙹḩᯕᦦ⪵ࡹᨩŁ, ᯱᱶ܆ಆᯕⓍíᱡ⦹

ࡽᔢ⫊ᯕ݅(Lee et al., 2009). Fig. 9ᨱӹ┡ԙၵ᪡zᯕ⪹Ğᇡ

ᙹḩ⊂ᱶ฾Ǎ⡍ḡᱱᨱᕽݡᱡᙹྙᨱ᮹⧕ᮁ᯦ࡹ۵ᕽӺ࠺vᮡ

ᅙඹᯙǍ⡍ḡᱱ᮹BODᨱእ⧕׳ᮡᙹ⊹ෝӹ┡ԩᮝ໑⦹ඹಽ

iᙹಾ BOD ᙹ⊹a ׳í ӹ┡ԍ݅. ✚⯩, T-Nŝ T-P᮹ Ğᬑ

Ǎ⡍ḡᱱ᮹׮ࠥ᪡ᕽӺ࠺v1, 2ḡᱱ᮹׮ࠥ۵ⓑ₉ᯕ۵ᨧḡอ

ᕽӺ࠺v3ḡᱱ᮹׮ࠥaɪĊ⯩׳ᦥḡŁᯩ۵ߑəᯕᮁ۵ᕽӺ࠺

vᱽ1ḡඹᯙ᳑อvᮥ⡍⧉⦽ᵝ᫵ḡඹᨱᕽॅᨕ᪅۵ᱱ᪅ᩝᬱ

ၰ እᱱ᪅ᩝᬱ ᇡ⦹ప᮹ ᩢ⨆ᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.

Fig. 10ᮡʡ⧕Ʊᨱᕽ⊂ᱶ⦽⦹⃽ᮁపŝᙹḩᯙᯱ᮹ᔢšᖒᮥ

(8)

Fig. 10. Monitoring of flowrate and water quality at Gimhae br. (Hwang et al., 2013)

ӹ┡ԙäᯕ݅. ʡ⧕Ʊ۵ݡᱡᙹྙᨱᕽ᧞7km ਉᨕḥaᰆᯙᱲ⦽

Ʊపᮝಽᕽ, BOD᮹Ğᬑᮁపᯕ⠪Ɂ108m

³

/s ۹ᨕӹ໕׮ࠥa

᧞ 13% ԏᦥḡ۵ äᮥ ⪶ᯙ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᮝ໑, ݡᱡᙹྙ᮹ }ႊᨱ

᮹⦽ Ӻ࠺v ᅙඹ ᬱᙹ ᮁ᯦᮹ ᩢ⨆ᮥ aᰆ ฯᯕ ၼ۵ äᮝಽ

ӹ┡ԍ݅. T-Nŝ T-Pࠥ ᙹྙ}ႊ ᱥ⬥᮹ ׮ࠥෝ እƱ⧕ ᅕ໕

ᯝᱶᱶࠥ׮ࠥaԏᦥḥäᮥ⪶ᯙ⧁ᙹᯩ݅. ᱶℕᖒᙹᩎᯙᕽӺ࠺

vᨱᕽᇡᩢ᧲⪵ෝᯝᮝ┍ᙹᯩ۵T-N, T-Paݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹ

ྙᮥ}ႊ⧉ᮝಽ៉׮ࠥaԏᦥḡ۵äᮡᙹḩ}ᖁݡ₦ᮥᙹพ⦹

۵ߑᨱᯩᨕᕽๅᬑᵲ᫵⦽᮹ၙaᯩ۵äᮝಽᅕᯙ݅. ə్ӹ

SS۵ᄡ࠺ᯕๅᬑⓍíӹ┡ӹݡᱡᙹྙ}ႊᨱ᮹⦽ᩢ⨆ᮥࠥ⇽⦹

ʑ ᨕಖ݅(Hwang et al., 2013).

Fig. 11ᮡʡ⧕Ʊᅕ݅⦹ඹ⊂ᨱ᭥⊹⦽v࠺Ʊᨱᕽ⊂ᱶ⦽⦹⃽

ᮁపŝ ᙹḩ⧎༊ᮥ ᜽eᨱ ঑௝ ӹ┡ԙ äᯕ݅(Hwang et al., 2013). v࠺Ʊ۵ݡᱡᙹྙᨱᕽ᧞10km ⦹ඹᨱ᭥⊹⦹Łᯩᮝ໑, ךᔑᙹྙᨱᕽ۵᧞9km ᔢඹᨱ᭥⊹⦹Łᯩ݅. ᙹྙ}ႊ᜽eᮡ

᧞6᜽eᱶࠥᯕ໑v࠺Ʊ᮹Ğᬑ, ʡ⧕Ʊ᪡۵ݍญݡᱡᙹྙᮥ

}ႊ⦽ᯕ⬥ᮁపᯕ᷾a⧕ᕽ↽ݡsᨱࠥݍ⦽ᯕ⬥ᨱךᔑᙹྙŝ

ݡᱡᙹྙᯕ₉ಡಽ⠱ᘥࢉᨱ঑௝ᕽᕽ⯩ᮁపᯕqᗭ⦹۵⩶┽ෝ

ᅕᩡ݅. BOD᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ʡ⧕Ʊ᪡ษ₍aḡಽݡᱡᙹྙ᮹ᮁ᯦ᮁ

పᯕ110m

³

/s ᷾a⧉ᨱ঑௝BOD ׮ࠥa᧞10% ԏᦥḡ۵äᮥ

⪶ᯙ⧁ᙹᯩŁ, ᯕ⬥ᕽᕽ⯩᷾a⦹۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. T-Nŝ

T-P۵ᮁపᄡ⪵ᨱ঑௝ᯝᱶᱶࠥqᗭ⇵ᖙᨱᯩ۵äᮥ⪶ᯙ⧁

ᙹᯩ݅. SS᮹Ğᬑʡ⧕Ʊᅕ݅۵⭉ᦍᄡ࠺ᖒᯕ᯲ᮝ໑, ᮁప᮹

᷾aၰqᗭᨱ঑௝ᮁᔍ⦽Ğ⨆ᮥӹ┡ԕᨩ݅. ᯕ۵v࠺ƱǍeᯕ

ʡ⧕Ʊ Ǎeᅕ݅ ⦹⃽᮹ ⡎ᯕ մᮡ šĥಽ ࠺ᯝ⦽ ᮁపᨱᕽࠥ

۱ฑ⦹⃽ᮁᗮᯕၽᔾ⦹အಽᕽӺ࠺v♕ᱢྜྷ᮹ ᰍᇡᔢ⬉ŝෝ

ᯝᮝ┍ ᱶࠥ᮹ ᗭඹಆᮥ wḡ ༜⦹ʑ ভྙᯙ äᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.

ᯝၹᱢᮝಽᮁᩎ᮹vᬑ᪡ᮁ⇽᮹᷾qᮡ⦹⃽ᙹḩᨱⓑᩢ⨆ᮥ

ၙ⊹۵ߑ, Fig. 12۵↽ɝ5֥࠺ᦩ᮹ᕽӺ࠺vvᬑపŝᙹḩ⩥⫊ᮥ

ӹ┡ԙäᯕ݅. BOD᮹Ğᬑbḡᱱᄥ5֥⠪Ɂ׮ࠥa3.9mg/L, 4.1mg/L, 5.5mg/Lᮝಽ⦹ඹಽiᙹಾ׳íӹ┡ԍᮝ໑, ᕽӺ࠺v 3 ḡᱱ᮹Ğᬑ↽ݡ13.5mg/Lಽ᪅ᩝᙹᵡᯕᔢݚ⦹݅. ⠪iᙹʑ

vᬑa ᷾a⧁ᙹಾ BOD ᩎ᜽ ᷾a⦹۵ Ğ⨆ᮥ ӹ┡ԕ໑ ᯕ۵

ࠥ᜽ḡᩎŝ׮Ğḡಽᇡ░᮹እᱱ᪅ᩝᬱ᷾aಽᯙ⦽äᮝಽ❱݉

ࡽ݅. T-NŝT-P᮹Ğᬑᩎ᜽↽⦹ඹᯙᕽӺ࠺v3 ḡᱱᨱᕽaᰆ

׳íӹ┡ԍŁ, ᕽӺ࠺v1 ḡᱱŝᕽӺ࠺v2 ḡᱱᅕ݅T-Nᮡ᧞

3႑, T-P۵᧞5႑ᱶࠥ׳íӹ┡ԍ݅. ᯕᩎ᜽እᱱᇡ⦹a׳ᮡ

ʡ⧕⠪᧝ ׮Ğḡಽᇡ░᮹ ᪅ᩝᬱ ᮁ᯦ᯕ aᰆ ⓑ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ၙ⊽

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Fig. 11. Monitoring of flowrate and water quality at Gangdong br. (Hwang et al., 2013)

Fig. 12. Time series analysis of rainfall and water quality (2008-2012)

äᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅. ੱ⦽ᕽӺ࠺v3 ḡᱱᮡvᬑ᷾aᨱ঑ෙĞ⨆ᖒ ᨱᯩᨕᕽT-NŝT-P۵BOD᪡۵ݍญqᗭ⦹۵Ğ⨆ᯕᕽӺ࠺v 1 ḡᱱŝ ᕽӺ࠺v2 ḡᱱᅕ݅ Ⓧí ӹ┡ԍ݅.

Fig. 13ᮡ↽ɝ5֥࠺ᦩ᮹ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙ᮹ႊඹపᨱ

঑ෙᬵᄥᙹḩᄡ⪵ෝӹ┡ԙäᯕ݅. ݡᱡᙹྙᮡ⠪Ɂ19×10

⁶

ton

ᮥ ᮁ᯦⦹Ł ᯩᮝ໑ ךᔑ ᱽ1ᙹྙŝ ךᔑ ᱽ2ᙹྙᨱᕽ۵ ⠪Ɂ

35×10

⁶

ton ᮥႊඹ⦹Łᯩᮝ໑, əᵲ⪮ᙹʑᯙ7ᬵᨱaᰆฯᮡ

᧲ᮥႊඹ⦹Łᯩ݅. ᕽӺ࠺v3 ḡᱱ᮹T-Nᮥᅕ໕ݡᱡᙹྙᅕ݅

۵ךᔑᙹྙ᮹ႊඹపᨱ঑௝ᙹḩ᮹ᄡ⪵aⓍíӹ┡ӹŁᯩ݅.

ੱ⦽ T-P۵ ᕽӺ࠺v1 ḡᱱŝ ᕽӺ࠺v2 ḡᱱᨱᕽ ݡᱡᙹྙ᮹

}ྙᯝᙹaaᰆᱢᮡ7ᬵᨱaᰆ׳ᮡᙹ⊹ෝӹ┡ԕ໑ᙹḩ⧎༊

ᵲᙹྙᬕᩢᨱaᰆၝq⦹íၹ᮲⦽݅. ᯝၹᱢᮝಽӺ࠺vᅙඹ᮹

ᙹḩᯕᕽӺ࠺vᅙඹ᮹ᙹḩᅕ݅ᳬʑভྙᨱݡᱡᙹྙᮥ☖⦽

Ӻ࠺vᅙඹᙹෝᮁ᯦ᮝಽᕽӺ࠺vᔢඹ᮹ ᙹḩ}ᖁ᮹⬉ŝෝ

ᅝ ᙹ ᯩᮝ໑, ךᔑᙹྙ᮹ ႊඹෝ ☖⧕ ᱶℕᙹᩎᯙ ᕽӺ࠺v᮹

ྜྷᙽ⪹ᮥ☖⧕⦹ඹ⦹⃽᮹ᙹḩ׮ࠥෝqᗭ᜽┍ᙹᯩ݅. ঑௝ᕽ

ʑ⬥ᄡ⪵ᨱ঑௝ၽᔾࡹ۵እᱱᇡ⦹a׳ᦥḡ۵᜽ʑᨱݡᱡᙹྙ

ŝ ךᔑᙹྙ᮹ }ྙ᜽eŝ ⬀ᙹ᮹ ᷾a ॒᮹ ᬕᩢႊᦩ ᙹพᮥ

☖⧕ ⦹⃽᮹ ᮁపᮥ ᷾a᜽┅Ł ޵ᇩᨕ ᙹḩ}ᖁ᮹ ⬉ŝෝ ᅝ

ᙹ ᯩᮥ äᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.

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Seonakdong River1 Seonakdong River2 Seonakdong River3

BOD

T-N

T-P

Fig. 13. Water quality change for gate operation (2008-2012)

4. đು

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵⪙ᗭᖒᱶℕᙹᩎᯙᕽӺ࠺v᮹ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑ ᙹྙ᮹ᬕᩢ᜽ʑ᪡}⠱⩥⫊ᮥ᳑ᔍ⦹ᩡ݅. ᬵᄥ}ྙ᜽eŝᮁ᯦

పᮥᇥᕾ⦹Ł, ᮁ᯦పᄡ⪵ᨱ঑ෙᕽӺ࠺vᙹḩᄡ⪵ෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ

݅. ݡᱥᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙ᮹}ႊ᜽ᨱᕽӺ࠺vᅙඹ᮹ʡ⧕Ʊ᪡

v࠺Ʊḡᱱᨱᕽᮁపၰᙹḩᮥ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩍӺ࠺vᅙඹᮁ᯦ᙹᨱ

᮹⦽ᙹḩᩢ⨆ᮥ᳑ᔍ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽, ḡඹಽᇡ░᮹᪅ᩝᇡ⦹ప᮹

ᅙඹᙹḩᩢ⨆ᮥ ⠪a⦹ʑ᭥⧕ḡඹᨱᙹ᭥༉ܩ░ย᜽ᜅ▽ᮥ

ᖅ⊹⦹Ł⦹⃽ᙹḩၰᮁప᳑ᔍෝᝅ᜽⦹ᩡ݅. ݡᱡᙹྙ᮹ᮁ᯦

Ⅹʑᨱ⦹ᔢᱡܩ⊖᮹ᰍᇡᔢᨱ঑ෙBOD᮹ɪĊ⦽᷾aaᯝᨕԁ

ᙹᯩ۵ߑ, ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᯕ్⦽⩥ᔢࠥᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽BOD, SS, TN, TP ॒᮹ᙹḩ⧎༊ᮥᙹྙ᯲᳑ᩍᇡᨱ঑௝ᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ

✚ᱶ ᙹḩ⧎༊ᯕ ᮁ᯦ ၰ ႊඹ ⬉ŝᨱ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ၼ۵ ḡ ᩍᇡෝ

᳑ᔍ⦹ᩡ݅.

ݡᱡᙹྙ, ʡ⧕Ʊ, v࠺Ʊ, ךᔑᙹྙ॒᮹ᕽӺ࠺vᅙඹ᮹ᵝ᫵

ḡᱱᨱᕽ᮹ᙹḩᄡ⪵ෝᇥᕾ⦽đŝ, ⦹ඹᨱ᭥⊹⦽v࠺Ʊ᪡ךᔑ ᙹྙ ḡᱱ᮹ ᙹḩᯕ ᱥၹᱢᮝಽ ᦦ⪵ࡹŁ ᯩ݅. ݡᱡᙹྙ }ႊ

Ⅹʑᨱᯝ᜽ᱢᮝಽ᪅ᩝྜྷḩ᮹׮ࠥaᔢ᜚⦹۵Ğᬑaᯩᨩᮝ໑,

∊ᇥ⦽ ᜽e ᙹྙᮥ }ႊ⦹ḡ ᦫᮥ Ğᬑᨱ۵ ♕ᱢྜྷ ᇡᔢᮝಽ

ᯙ⧕᪅⯩ಅ⦹ඹḡᩎ᮹᪅ᩝࠥaᯝ᜽ᱢᮝಽ᷾a⧁a܆ᖒᯕ

ᯩ݅۵äᮥ⪶ᯙ⦹ᩡ݅. ᙹྙ}ႊᮝಽᯙ⦽ᙹḩ}ᖁ᮹⬉ŝෝ

᨜ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ᔢඹ᮹ᙹྙ}ႊ᜽∊ᇥ⦽ᮁపŝḡᗮᱢᯙŖɪᯕ

ᯕ൉ᨕᲙ᧝⦹໑, ᮁ⦹Ñญၰࠥݍ᜽eᮥᔑᱶ⦽ᙹྙ}ႊšญa

⦥᫵⧁ äᮝಽ ❱݉ࡽ݅.

qᔍ᮹ɡ

ᯕםྙᮡ2010֥ࠥᱶᇡ(Ʊᮂŝ⦺ʑᚁᇡ)᮹ᰍᬱᮝಽ⦽ǎᩑǍ ᰍ݉᮹ʑⅩᩑǍᔍᨦḡᬱᮥၼᦥᙹ⧪ࡽäᯥ(No. 2010-0024119).

References

Gimhae City. (2006a). Nakdong River Nakbon N unit watershed Gyeongsangnam-do Gimhae City TMDL Enforcement Plan.

Gimhae City. (2006b). Nakdong River Nakbon N unit watershed stream quality and discharge survey, Final Report.

Gimhae City. (2008). Nakdong River Nakbon N unit watershed stream quality and discharge survey, Final Report.

Hwang, J. Y. (2008). A study on water quality management of Seonakdong River using surface water quality modeling, MSc Dissertation, Inje University (in Korean).

Hwang, J. Y., Kim, Y. D., Kwon, J. H., Park, J. H., Noh, J. W. and

Yi, Y. K. (2013). “Hydrodynamic and water quality modeling for

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Wastewater, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 197-206 (in Korean).

KICT (Korea Institute of Construction Technology). (2002).

Experimental watersheds operation present condition (Technology for surface water resources investigation), The 21st Century Frontier R&D program Sustainable Water Resources Research Center (in Korean).

Kim, J. M. and Kim, Y. D. (2011). “A Study on estimation of pollutant loads in Seonakdong River using SWAT-SWMM model.” Journal of Korean Society Water and Wastewater, Vol.

25, No. 6, pp. 825-837 (in Korean).

Lee, K. C., Yoon, Y. S. and Lee, N. J.(2009). “Prediction of water-

the gates operation.” 2005 KSCE Meeting, Korean Society of Civil Engineers (CD-ROM) (in Korean).

MLTM (Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport). (2001).

Hydrologic measurement efficiency improve method study report, Han River Flood Control Office.

Seo, K. W., Kim, N. G. and Choi, H. J. (2003). “Development of experimental catchment for urban hydrologic monitoring.” Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 23, No. 5B. pp. 369-379.

SRRIC (Seonakdong River Related Institute Cooperation). (2005).

Comprehensive countermeasures of Seonakdong River water

quality improvement.

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A Study on Dynamic Water Quality Change for Gate Operation in Seonakdong River

A Study on Dynamic Water Quality Change for Gate Operation in Seonakdong River

ABSTRACT

The results of this study can be used for establishing the water quality improvement measures by the optimal gate operation.

Key words : Reservoir-like river, Stagnant water, Seonakdong river, Daejeo gate, Noksan gate

Ⅹಾ

⪙ᗭ⩶⦹⃽ᮝಽᱶℕᙹᩎ✚ᖒᮥw۵ᕽӺ࠺vᨱᕽ᮹ݡᱡᙹྙᮁ᯦పŝךᔑᙹྙႊඹపᮡ᪅ᩝⅾపšญ᜽⧪ĥ⫮ݡᔢᮁᩎᯙӺᅙN ݉᭥

ᮁᩎ᮹ᙹḩšญᨱᯩᨕᕽๅᬑᵲ᫵⦽ᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊽݅. ⦹ḡอʑᵡᮁపᮥᔑᱶ⦹ʑ᭥⦽ᝅ⊂ᯱഭ۵ๅᬑᇡ᳒⦹Ł, ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙ᮹ᬕ

ᩢᯱഭ۵ᙹྙ}ࠥ᜽↽ݡa܆ႊඹపอᮥᔍᬊ⦹Łᯩᮝအಽᝅ⊂ႊඹపŝ۵ฯᮡ₉ᯕෝᅕᯕŁᯩ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙ᮹

ᬕᩢᯱഭෝᙹḲ⦹Ł, ᯕෝ⪹Ğᇡᙹḩ⊂ᱶ฾ᬵᄥᙹḩᄡ⪵᪡᮹እƱෝ☖⧕ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙ᮹ᬕᩢᨱ঑ෙᕽӺ࠺v

ᅙඹ᮹እᱶᔢᔢ┽᮹ᮁపᄡ⪵᪡ᯕᨱ঑ෙᙹḩᄡ⪵ෝᝅ⊂⦹ᩡ݅. Ӻ࠺vᅙඹᙹ᭥, ᕽӺ࠺vᙹ᭥, ᳑᭥॒᮹ᩢ⨆ᮥၼ۵ݡᱡᙹྙᮁ᯦ŝ

ךᔑᙹྙႊඹᨱ᮹⦽ᕽӺ࠺vᮁపᄡ⪵ෝᝅ⊂⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᯕ۵ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙ᮹↽ᱢᬕᩢᮥ☖⦽ᕽӺ࠺v᮹ᙹḩ}ᖁݡ₦ᙹพ᮹ʑ

Ⅹᯱഭಽ⪽ᬊࢁᙹᯩᮥäᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅.

áᔪᨕ ⪙ᗭ⩶⦹⃽, ᱶℕᙹᩎ, ᕽӺ࠺v, ݡᱡᙹྙ, ךᔑᙹྙ

1. ᕽು

ᕽӺ࠺vᮡᔢඹᨱ۵ݡᱡᙹྙ, ⦹ඹᨱ۵ךᔑᙹྙᯕ᭥⊹⦹Łᯩᮝ໑, ᯕ᪡zᮡᙹྙॅᨱ᮹⦹ᩍ⦹⃽᮹ᮁపᯕ᳑ᱩࡹ۵⪙ᗭ⩶

⦹⃽ᯕ݅. ᕽӺ࠺vᮡ ⠪ᔢ᜽ᨱ۵ ʡ⧕⠪᧝᮹ ᵝ᫵ ׮ᨦᬊᙹ Ŗɪᬱᮝಽ ᔍᬊࡹŁ, ⪮ᙹ᜽ᨱ۵ Ñݡ⦽ ᮁᙹḡ᮹ ᩎ⧁ᮥ ⦹Ł ᯩ݅.

ᕽӺ࠺vᮡ℁ᔩॅ᮹ࠥ௹ḡಽᦥ෥݅ᬕ⦹⃽Ğšᮥᯱ௲⦹ḡอ, ↽ɝך᳑ၽᔾ॒ᙹḩྙᱽ᮹ᝍbᖒᯕݡࢱࡹŁᯩᮝ໑, 2005֥ᇡ░

⪹Ğᇡ᮹ᙹḩ᪅ᩝⅾపᱽ᮹᜽⧪ĥ⫮ݡᔢḡᩎ(ӺᅙN ݉᭥ᮁᩎ) ᮝಽḡᱶࡹᨩ݅. ᕽӺ࠺v⦹ඹᇡᨱ᭥⊹⦽ךᔑᙹྙᮡᩝᙹᨱ

᮹⦽⦝⧕ᩩႊŝ׮ᨦᬊᙹ᮹⪶ᅕෝ༊ᱢᮝಽÕᖅࡹᨩ݅. ᕽӺ࠺

vᮡ⠪Ɂᙹ໕ᱢᯕ7.8⽋ᯕ໑, ᱡᙹపᮡ1,840อ⽎ಽᕽ׮ᨦᬊᙹ

ෝ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᖅ⊹⦽ᙹྙॅᨱ᮹⧕1֥ᵲݡᇡᇥ᮹ʑe

࠺ᦩᙹℕaᱶℕࡹᨕᯩ݅. ݡᱡᙹྙ᮹ᮁ᯦పᄡ⪵᪡׮ᨦᬊᙹ᮹

ᔍᬊపᨱ ঑௝ ᙹ᭥᮹ ᄡ⪵a ๅᬑ ᝍ⦹໑, ךᔑᙹྙ᮹ ᬕᩢᨱ

঑ෙᯝ᜽ᱢᯙႊඹᨱ᮹⦹ᩍᙹ⊖᮹Ʊ⪹ᯕ⦽᜽ᱢᮝಽᯝᨕӹ۵

ࠦ✚⦽ ᙹญᙹྙ⦺ᱢ ✚ᖒᮥ aḥ݅(SRRIC, 2005).

ᕽӺ࠺vᮁᩎᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍಽ۵ӺᅙN ݉᭥ᮁᩎ᪅ᩝⅾపšญ

᜽⧪ĥ⫮ ᙹพᮥ ᭥⦹ᩍ QUALKO ༉⩶ᮥ ᱢᬊ⦽ ၵ ᯩŁ (Gimhae City, 2006a), Lee et al. (2007)ᮡ ᙹྙᬕᩢᨱ ঑ෙ

ᮁᗮᰆᄡ⪵᪡ᯕಽᯙ⦽׮ࠥᰆᄡ⪵ෝ2₉ᬱᙹ⊹༉⩶ᮥ☖⧕

༉᮹⦽ၵᯩ݅. ੱ⦽Hwang et al. (2013)ᮡᙹྙᬕᩢᨱ঑ෙ

CE-QUAL-RIV1 ༉⩶ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ༉᮹⦹ᩡ݅. Kim and Kim (2011) ᮡᕽӺ࠺vᮁᩎᨱݡ⦹ᩍᯱᩑᮁᩎ༉⩶ᯙSWAT ༉⩶ŝ

ࠥ᜽ᮁᩎ༉⩶ᯙSWMM ༉⩶ᮥᩑĥ⦹ᩍ׮Ğḡ᪡ࠥ᜽ḡᩎᯕ

⡍⧉ࡽ ᮁᩎ✚ᖒᮥ Łಅ⦽ ᮁ⇽ప ᇥᕾᮥ ᝅ᜽⦹ᩡ݅. əญŁ

Kang et al. (2012)ᮡSWAT ༉⩶ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᕽӺ࠺v᜽⨹ᮁᩎ ᨱᕽ᮹ᙹྙᬕᩢᨱ঑ෙᮁ⇽ၰᙹḩᄡ⪵ෝᩑǍ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ᪡

zᮡ ᩑǍ۵ ᕽӺ࠺v ᮁᩎᨱ š⦽ ᮁᩎ༉⩶ ᩑǍ᪡ ᕽӺ࠺v

ᅙඹᨱš⦽ᙹญၰᙹḩ༉⩶ᩑǍಽᕽᰆʑᱢᯙᮁపၰᙹḩ

༉ܩ░ยᮥ☖⦽᜽⨹ᮁᩎᬕᩢŝᯕᨱݡ⦽ᯱഭᇥᕾ॒᮹⩥ᰆᩑ Ǎ ᔍಡ۵ ๅᬑ ᱢ݅.

ݡᔢᮁᩎᨱᕽ᮹}ၽᨱ঑ෙᙹྙ⧕ᕾŝᙹḩᩢ⨆ᮥᇥᕾ⦹ʑ

᭥⧕ᕽ۵ vᬑపᮥ ⡍⧉⦽ b᳦ ʑᔢᯱഭॅŝ ⦹⃽᮹ ᮁప ၰ

ᙹḩ᮹⊂ᱶᯕ⦥᫵⧉ᨱࠥᇩǍ⦹ŁݡᇡᇥᵲᗭȽ༉ᮁᩎᨱᕽ۵

ᯕ᪡zᮡᯱഭaℕĥᱢᮝಽᙹḲࡹŁᯩḡᦫ݅(MLTM, 2001).

ǎԕ᜽⨹ᮁᩎᬕᩢᔍಡෝᔕ⠕ᅕ໕׮ᨦᬊᙹšญෝ᭥⧕ᵲᗭȽ

༉ᱡᙹḡෝ⡍⧉⦽ᮁᩎ᮹ᙹྙᯱഭෝᯝᱶʑeᙹḲ⦹ʑ᭥⧕

᜽⨹ᮁᩎᮥᬕᩢ⦽ĞᬑaᯩŁ, ݅༊ᱢݱᔢඹᨱᕽ᮹ᮁ᯦పᮥ

ᱶℕᖒ ᳑ᱩ⦹⃽ᮝಽ ᕽӺ࠺vᮡ ᙹప ၰ ᙹḩ šญa ᨕಅᬕ

⦹⃽ᯕḡอ⪹Ğᇡ᮹ᙹḩ⊂ᱶ฾4ḡᱱᮥᱽ᫙⦹Ł۵šಉᱶᅕa

ๅᬑᇡ᳒⦹໑, ⦹⃽ᮁపᨱš⧕ᕽ۵ᅙඹၰḡඹᨱᕽᙹ᭥-ᮁపš ĥłᖁᯕ᳕ᰍ⦹۵ǎaᙹ᭥š⊂ᗭaᬕᩢࡹŁᯩḡᦫ۵ၙĥ⊂

ᮁᩎᯙšĥಽᮁᩎ༉⩶᮹á᷾ᨱš⦽ᩑǍaᙹ⧪ࡹʑᨕಅᬕ

ᝅᱶᯕ݅(Kang et al., 2012).

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᕽӺ࠺v᮹⦹⃽ᮁప⊂ᱶᮥ☖⦹ᩍᅙඹ⮱෥ᮥ

᳑ᱩ⦹۵ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙ᮹ᮁᙹᗭ☖܆ಆᮥᙹญ⦺ᱢᮝಽ

⠪a⦹Łᯱ⦹ᩡ݅. ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑᙹྙᮥᬕᩢ⦹۵ᇡᔑ᜽vᕽ Ǎᨱᕽ᮹ᮁ᯦పၰႊඹపᯱഭෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩍᰆʑᱢᯙᮁపᄡ⪵᪡

ᯕಽᯙ⦽ᙹḩᩢ⨆ᮥᇥᕾ⦹Łᯱ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽ݡᱡᙹྙᮁ᯦పŝ

ךᔑᙹྙႊඹపᄡ⪵ᨱ঑ෙእᱶᔢ⦹⃽ᮁపᄡ⪵᪡࠺ᱢᙹḩ

ᄡ⪵ෝᝅ⊂⦹Ł, ᙹྙᬕᩢᨱ᮹⦽ᙹḩ}ᖁ⬉ŝෝᱶపᱢᮝಽ

⠪a⦹Łᯱ ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽ ᰆʑ ᙹྙᬕᩢ ᳑Õᨱ ঑ෙ ᕽӺ࠺v

ᅙඹ᮹ᙹḩᄡ⪵ෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ, ᙹḩᯕᳬᮡӺ࠺vᅙඹᬱᙹ᮹

ᮁ᯦ᨱ঑ෙᙹḩ}ᖁ⬉ŝ᪡ךᔑᙹྙႊඹᨱ᮹⦽⥭్ᝒ⬉ŝෝ

ᱶపᱢᮝಽ ⠪a⦹Łᯱ ⦹ᩡ݅.

2. ᩑǍႊჶ

2.1 ۩ঃକલ෮จ

ᕽӺ࠺vᮡᮁᩎ໕ᱢᯕ304.1km

ᯕŁ, ᮁಽᩑᰆᯕ18.5kmಽ ᕽᮁᩎ⩶ᔢᯕႊᔍᔢŝᬑᔢ᮹⪝⧊ᔢᮝಽእƱᱢǍ⩶ᮥᯕ൉Ł

ᯩᮝ໑, ᮁᩎ᮹⠪Ɂ⡎ᮡ࠺ᕽႊ⨆ᮝಽ17ⴇ20km, ԉᇢႊ⨆ᮝಽ ۵᧞18km ᱶࠥᯕ݅. ᩑ⠪Ɂʑ᪉ᮡ13.5ⴇ15.3ⳃᯕ໑ᩑ⠪Ɂv ᙹపᮡᩑ1,349mmᯕ݅. ᕽӺ࠺vᮁᩎᮡ᳭ᦩᨱ⠪v⃽, ๆࠥv, ᬑᦩᨱ ݡq⃽, ᩩᦩ⃽, ᵝᵲ⃽, ᝁᨕ⃽, ḡᔍ⃽, əญŁ ᳑อv

ᮁᩎ॒ᮝಽǍᖒࡹᨕᯩ݅. ᕽӺ࠺vᮁᩎᮡᱥℕ໕ᱢᵲᯥ᧝a

₉ḡ⦹۵໕ᱢᯕ109.6km

(36%), ׮Ğḡ88.6km

(29%), ⦹⃽ᯕ

51.7km

(17%)ෝ₉ḡ⦹Łᯩ݅. ᕽӺ࠺vᮁᩎᮡ⧪ᱶǍᩎᔢᮝ ಽ۵ᇡᔑŲᩎ᜽vᕽǍ᪡Ğᔢԉࠥʡ⧕᜽ᨱÙℱᯩᮝ໑, vᕽǍ

ḡᩎ᮹69.1%, ʡ⧕᜽ḡᩎ᮹69.9%ᨱᯕ෕۵ḡᩎ᮹ḡၹŁa

EL. 10m ᯕ⦹ᯕ໑, ᯕᵲᔢݚ⦽໕ᱢ᮹ḡၹŁaEL. 0.7ⴇ1.5m ᯙ ᱡḡݡ ⠪᧝ಽ Ǎᖒࡹᨕ ᯩ݅. ঑௝ᕽ ⪮ᙹ᜽ ᮁᩎ᮹ 60%

ᯕᔢᯕ ⋉ᙹࡹ۵ ᙹ⧕ ᔢ᜖ḡǍᨱ ⧕ݚࡽ݅. ੱ⦽ ᙹྙ ₉݉ᨱ

᮹⦽ᱶℕᖒ⦹⃽ᮝಽᰆʑe᪅ᩝྜྷḩᯕ♕ᱢࡹŁᯩᮝ໑, ᯕಽ

ัၙᦵᦥ ᙹḩ᪅ᩝᯕ ๅᬑ ᝍ⦽ Ŕᯕʑࠥ ⦹݅(SRRIC, 2005) Fig. 2 ᪡Fig. 3ᨱᕽᅕ۵ၵ᪡zᯕ1934֥ݡᱡᙹྙŝךᔑ

ᱽ1ᙹྙᮥᖅ⊹⧉ᮝಽ៉⪙ᗭ⩶⦹⃽ᮝಽᄡ⦹íࡹᨩᮝ໑, 1992֥

6 ᬵךᔑᱽ2ᙹྙᮥ⇵aಽᖅ⊹⦹ᩡ݅. ᙹྙ᮹ᬕᩢᮡᕽӺ࠺v᮹

⪮ᙹ᳑ᱩၰʡ⧕⠪᧝᮹š}ᬊᙹ≉· ႑ᙹ᪡ᙹḩ}పᮥ༊ᱢᮝಽ

ݡᱡ·ךᔑᙹྙšญȽᱶ(vᕽǍ⬩ಚᱽ153⪙)ᨱ঑௝vᕽǍℎᨱ ᕽᬕᩢ⦹Łᯩ۵ߑ, ךᔑᙹྙᮡ5ྜྷᨱᕽ11ྜྷᔍᯕᨱᕽ۵1ᯝ

2 ⫭ႊඹ⧁ᙹᯩᮝӹ, ݡᇡᇥ1⫭ၙอᮝಽႊඹ⦹Łᯩ݅. ḥᬑࠥ

áᔪᨕ ⪙ᗭ⩶⦹⃽, ᱶℕᙹᩎ, ᕽӺ࠺v, ݡᱡᙹྙ, ךᔑᙹྙ