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천재_영어해석/영작(이재영) 4강

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(1)

당신은 가수들과 시인들이 적은 단어들로 어떻게 그렇게 많은 것을 표현하는지 궁금한 적이 있었는가?

예를 들어 아래 가사를 살펴보자.

미국 그룹, Gym Class Heroes의 유명한 노래 가사다.

내 심장은 스테레오야.

그것은 너를 위해 뛰고 있으니, 귀 기울여 들어봐.

모든 음에 담겨 있는 나의 생각들을 들어봐.

나를 너의 라디오로 만들어봐.

그리고 네가 우울할 때 볼륨을 높여봐.

작사가는 그의 심장이 스테레오가 되길 원하고, 자신이 직접 라디오이길 바란다.

모든 사람은 이 바램들이 실현 될 수 없다는 것을 안다.

그러나, 가사는 자연스럽게 들린다. 그렇지 않은가?

더 간결하지만 기억하기 좋은 방법으로 사랑의 감정을 전달하도록 비교가 이루어진다.

다른 말로하면, “스테레오” 와 “라디오”의 비유는 가수의 강렬한 감정을 가능한 적은 단어를 사용해 표현하기 위 해 사용된다

비유는 무엇인가?

(2)

비유는 두 가지 다른 것들 사이에 비교가 이루어진 언어의 수사법이다.

비유라는 단어 그 자체가 ‘건네지다’라는 의미를 가진 그리스 말에서 유래한다.

비유는 한 단어, 이미지, 또는 아이디어로부터 생긴 의미를 다른 곳으로 옮긴다.

예를 들어 스테레오 비유에서 스테레오의 음악의 비트를 재현하는 능력은 사랑에 빠진 어떤 사람의 심장박동에 비유된다.

어떤 사람들은 비유를 단지 노래와 시의 달콤한 도구라고 여긴다.

그러나 사실 우리는 비유를 매일 사용한다.

비유들은 우리의 언어로 바로 구워진다.

TV 프로그램인 House M.D. Gregory House 박사는 비유적으로 “나는 올빼미고, Wilson은 일찍 일어나는 새“라고 말한다.

올빼미가 밤늦게 일하는 것을 좋아하는 사람이고, 반면에 일찍 일어나는 새는 아침에 일하는 것을 좋아하는 사 람이다.

비유들: 어려움의 근원?

영어 원어민들이 매일의 상황에서 사용하는 수천의 비유들이 있다.

너는 원어민들만큼 많이 알지 못할 것이다.

게다가 그들 중 몇 몇은 이해하기 어렵다는 것을 발견할지도 모른다.

(3)

Life is a roller coaster.

The slide on the playground was a hot stove.

Her angry words were bullets to him.

My dad always says to me, “You're the apple of my eye.”

Think carefully about the comparisons made and what you already know about the world.

Then you may be able to understand what the metaphors mean.

If you know that a roller coaster goes up and down, you can guess that life also has lots of ups and downs.

However, you may not always be able to guess correctly.

For instance, you may fail to see what “the apple of my eye” means even though you understand all the words that make up the metaphor.

Almost Universal Metaphors

Learners of English should not despair.

Many metaphors are almost universal.

In many cultures, for example, life is often compared to a journey.

(4)

Since life is regarded as a purposeful journey, we think of it as having departures, paths, and destinations.

The young can “get off to a good start” in life.

The aged regard themselves as being “at the end of the road.”

In an old Korean popular song, the lyrics begin with, “Life is a wanderer's path. Where did I come from? Where am I going?”

This clearly shows that life as a journey is not a metaphor unique to English.

Culturally Unique Metaphors

Of course, there are cultural differences in metaphors.

These can pose a learning problem for you.

Koreans call something easy “cold gruel” whereas native speakers of English call it “a piece of cake.”

An old person with an old way of thinking may be called “a dinosaur” in English.

The same word can mean “a very big person” in Korean.

If you call a man “a chicken” in America, he will be extremely upset because it means “a coward.”

On the other hand, a chicken may refer to an inexperienced person in Korean.

(5)

In As You Like It William Shakespeare says, “All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”

We cannot conquer the stage full of metaphors, but we do not need to have stage fright.

We can become better players if we are ready to learn as much as we can.

Further Reading

Analyzing Personal Language

Language makes communication possible because its users share the same code.

This does not mean, however, that the code is exactly the same for everyone.

One user is different from another.

Language users themselves may not be aware of it, but differences still exist.

Some experts are interested in studying these differences.

They analyze the language used by different individuals.

This analysis is possible because every person shows unique language characteristics.

One person might use a certain word or phrase very often or have a different writing style from another person.

In some cases, this personal language is so unique that experts can identify the writer of documents within a group of suspects.

(6)

In a criminal investigation, the police can turn to these experts to analyze documents.

Their analysis often leads to the arrest of the guilty suspect.

.

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