영어_능률(양현권) 8과 기출문제_정의여고 내신

교과서 기출문제

학교기출 8과

As time passed, numerous innovations were made, making today's helmets much safer and stronger than Kafka's original design. They are built to survive massive impacts while remaining light enough for wearers to play sports or do their jobs. Another innovation is that while old-style helmets were heavy and bulky, causing neck pain, today's helmets are lighter and more comfortable for the wearer. This is important because people are much more likely to wear helmets if they are comfortable.

Despite all these innovations, helmets are still far from perfect. Sports players as well as workers at construction sites, factories, and other dangerous work environments frequently experience brain injuries due to the _______________ of blows to the head. Doctors believe that repeated blows to the brain can cause a variety of physical and mental problems later in life.

① cost and effect

② flexibility and hardness ③ force and frequency ④ strength and durability ⑤ position and moment

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

This is why some scientists believe it is so important to study woodpeckers. ① They hammer their beaks into trees at speeds of over 20 kilometers per hour. ② They can peck about 20 times per second. On average, ③ they knock their heads against hard surfaces about 12,000 times every day. Each one of those impacts is about 100 times as powerful as a hit that would cause serious brain injury to a human. Yet somehow, woodpeckers never suffer any physical or mental damage. Why not?

This was the very question that interested two Korean scientists, Sang-Hee Yoon and Sungmin Park: How do woodpeckers manage to avoid hurting themselves as ④ they pound away at hard

surfaces?

The scientists studied woodpeckers closely, and learned that the birds have spongy bones in the frontal part of their skulls. Woodpeckers also have beaks that are hard yet flexible. ⑤ They also noticed that there is very little space for a woodpecker's brain to move around inside its skull. The scientists concluded that the flexibility of the various parts of a woodpecker's head helps to absorb shocks, which softens the blow of impacts.

위 글에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은? [정의여고 82 과] [서술형] 위 글에서 딱따구리가 딱딱한 물체를 쪼아도 뇌손상이 없 는 이유 세 가지를 본문에 나온 그대로 해석하여 우리말로 쓰시 오. [정의여고 8과]3 1

교과서 기출문제

학교기출 8과

From the positive and exciting results of the black box project came another realization: If woodpecker-inspired technology worked so well to protect black boxes, it would probably also work well in the improvement of helmet design. Two Chinese scientists, Yubo Fan and Ming Zhang, decided to look into this more closely, and created computer models of the birds' heads. They also filmed the woodpeckers so they could watch them pecking in super slow motion.

They came to many of the same conclusions as Yoon and Park, but they also noticed the importance of the shape of a woodpecker's beak. The top part of the beak is longer than the bottom half. When it hammers into a tree, it bends down and back, absorbing some of the impact. The researchers believe that these discoveries could be very useful in developing new helmets. In fact, several helmet manufacturers are already searching hard for ways to make 'a woodpecker helmet,' whose modern origin dates back to Franz Kafka.

① 블랙박스 프로젝트는 헬멧 제작과 그 어떤 연관성도 없 다. ② 중국인 과학자들은 한국인 과학자들과는 전혀 다른 결론 에 이르렀다. ③ 중국인 과학자들은 딱따구리의 쪼는 모습을 촬영하여 연 구했다. ④ 딱따구리의 위쪽 부리는 아래쪽 부리보다 더 휘어져 있 다. ⑤ 딱따구리의 특성을 잘 반영한 헬멧이 현재 출시되어 있 다. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것 은? [정의여고 8과]5

The researchers decided to build a mechanical device that would ① copy the functions of a woodpecker's spongy bone and flexible beak. Their goal was to ② make better black boxes, the devices on airplanes that keep detailed records of each flight. Black boxes are used to find out the causes of airplane crashes, so they must be able to ③ bear the impact of falling from the sky.

The researchers placed the black box's recording device inside an aluminum container tightly packed with tiny pieces of glass. This was done to ④ imitate the effect of the spongy bone in a woodpecker's skull. They also covered the container with a layer of rubber to absorb shocks and then covered the whole thing with a layer of steel. The project was a great success: The new black box was 60 times more ⑤

fragile than older types.

[서술형] 다음 제시된 표현만 알맞게 배열하여 우리말을 영어로 바 꾸시오. (어휘 변형 가능, 어휘 추가 불가) [정의여고 8과]6

그는 단단한 모자를 발명했었던 것으로 믿어진다.

<보기> the / hard / believe / invent / he / hat / is / have / to

교과서 기출문제

학교기출 8과

He is believed to have invented the hard hat. 6